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Dr. Suprapedi, M.Eng.Indonesian Institute of Sciences
STRENGTHENING PUBLIC-PRIVATE
LINKAGE ON IP IN INDONESIA
STRENGTHENING PUBLIC-PRIVATE
LINKAGE ON IP IN INDONESIA
The first Asian Science and Technology Seminar
“Appropriate Intellectual Property Right (IPR) Regime & PracticalSystem for Utilization of IPR for Asia“
March 19th - 21st 2006, Bangkok, Thailand
LIPI
LIPI
• Science-Technology (S-T) have important role in competitive economy activities. But, the development S-T, technology adoption, and diffusion are still facing the big challenge.
• The lack of quality of the R&D output from the government’s R&D institutions and Universities (Indicator: the national’s patent application less than 7% of whole Indonesia’s patents).
• The mismatch gap between technology supply with the technology demand (Public-Private/industry).
• The government technology policies are not fully implemented especially related to economy activity.
LIPIR&D in Indonesia ?
National Incentive R&D Program (2001– 2003)
R&D Outputs Number Proposal Journal Proceed. Prototype Industrial
ApplicationPatent*
163 (2001) 191 429 56 24 12
145 (2002) 75 205 57 7 9
60 (2003) 14 22 11 3 0
368 (Total) 280 656 124 34 21
( % ) 83.9 11.1 3.1 1.9
LIPI Patent ApplicationPatent Simple Patent Year
Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign Total
1991 34 1280 19 3 1336 1992 67 3905 12 43 4027 1993 38 2031 28 43 2140 1994 29 2305 33 60 2427 1995 61 2813 61 71 3006 1996 40 3957 59 76 4132 1997 79 3939 80 80 4178 1998 93 1753 109 32 1987 1999 152 2784 168 19 3132 2000 157 3833 213 38 4141 2001 212 3714 197 24 4147 2002 246 3597 157 48 4048 2003 202 3098 163 92 3492 2004 235 3434 179 29 3877 2005 235 4069 163 32 4499
2006(Jan) 31 355 15 4 405 1899 46779 1656 631 50965
3.73 % 91.79 % 3.25% 1.24 % 100.00 % Total
Establishment of 90 TLO/IP Center/IP BDS :
Public R&D Institutions
Universities
Province government
Type of IP BDS :(1) IP Audit; (2) IP valuation for business negotiations and financing purposes; (3) Financial and other incentives for R&D and commercialization; (4) Technical and patent information services;(5) Research and examination services for IP; (6) Market studies and technical feasibility studies; (7) Business plans and IP strategy;(8) Patent drafting; (9) Legal and/or technical assistance for negotiating licensing, joint venture or
technology transfer agreements, R&D agreements, contract research agreements;
(10) Finding sources of financing; (11) Prototyping; (12) Branding;(13) Naming and trademark searching;
(14) Industry-specific R&D; (15) Patent/trademark/design application services within and outside
inventor's/applicant's home base; (16) Training e.g. for researchers, inventors, etc.;(17) Commercialization issues of a general nature and/or of a specific nature
relating to a specific market in ASEAN; (18) Sectoral/cluster research specialization; (19) Competitive intelligence;(20) Patent mapping.
Study of Need Assessment of IP BDS :
IP Services to Protect Market Competitiveness
IP Services for Supporting Collaboration
IP Services which is Essential and Crucial for IP Development in Organization
IP Services to Generating Income
IP Services to Protect Organization Market Competitiveness
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
IP Services
Perc
enta
ge R
espo
nden
t
IP Services for Supporting Collaboration
0%2%4%6%8%
10%12%14%16%18%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
IP Services
Perc
enta
ge R
espo
nden
t
IP Services which is Essential and Crutial for IP Development in Organization
0%2%4%6%8%
10%12%14%16%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
IP Services
Perc
enta
ge R
espo
nden
t
IP Services to Generating Income
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
IP Services
Perc
enta
ge R
espo
nden
t
Capacity and Capability of IP-BDS :
There are no IP BDS which are capable to give 20 types of serviceses
Most of services held by IP-BDS is not well integrated
Legal and financial aspect of the IP-BDS services is also un-integrated
COMMUNICATION NETWORK
- Consultant -
- Information Dissemination
- Match-making- Consultation /
Interaction
Business Associate
CCC
EECoEECo
EECo
Intermediaries
Center/NetworkBusiness Information
CCC - Consultant - CCC
EECoEECo
EECo
Direct contact
- Consultant - CCC
EECoEECo
EECo
Tech. Brokers, Technology Transfer
Networks
Business company/entities
Network/Partnership
Technology Developer
EECoEECo
EECo
SURVEY TO 98 INDUSTRIES(MORE THAN 100 EMPLOYERS)
Technology Diffusion in Indonesia
Respondent Rank
10%
30%60%
Direktur Utama/Wakil Dirut Direktur ManagerPresident / Vice President Director Director Manager
Company Status
40%
46%
14%
PMA PMDN BUMNPMA (Foreign Co) PMDN (National Co) BUMN (Government Co)
Technology Needed Level Perception
1%1% 9%
20%
69%
Sangat Tidak Penting Tidak Penting Cukup Penting
Penting Sangat Penting
Very not important Not important
Important Very important
Quite important
Technology Use Goal
18%1%
81%
Keunggulan Biaya (Cost Advantage)
Keunggulan Difrensiasi (Differentiate Advantage)
Gabungan Keunggulan Biaya dan Diferensiasi
Cost advantage
Differentiate advantage
Mix
Main Technology Sources
92%
8%
Luar Negeri Dalam NegeriForeign National
Main Technology Sources
27%
37%3%
9%
2%4%9%1% 8%
Negara-Negara Eropa Jepang Korea Selatan
USA India China
Taiw an Thailand Dalam Negeri
Europe countries Japan
USA
Taiwan
South Korea
China
Indonesia
India
Thailand
Did you ever exploited the product technology of R&D Institute / University
26%
74%
Ya TidakYes No
Weakness Reason Source
60%21%
19%
Dari Sisi Pemasok Dari Sisi Linkage Dari Sisi PenggunaSupplier Linkage User
Technology Supplier Weakness Reasons20%
18%
14%12%10%
7%6%
6% 5% 2%
Teknologi tidak proven/tidak aplikatif/TeoritisWaktu lambanMasalah BirokrasiTidak Sesuai dengan Keinginan PasarKurang percayaSDMSarana & PrasaranaKurang ProfesionalTeknologi out of dateBelum Standar
Unproven technology / non applicative / theoreticallyLateBureaucracy problemsNot marketableUntruthfulHuman resourcePolicy & infrastructureUnprofessionalOut of date technologyNot standard
User reason
79%
21%
Sumberdaya/Dana Terikat Aturan PrinsipalCapital / Funding Principal Regulation
Linkage Aspect Weakness Reason
54%
21%
9%
9% 7%
Kurang Informasi/Sosialisasi Kurang Aksesibilitas
HKI Mekanisme Belum Jelas
Dukungan Regulasi
Uninformed/lack socialization
Intellectual Property RightRegulation support
Lack accessibility
Uncertain Mechanism
The company has R&D unit
58%
42%
Ya, Punya Unit R & D TidakYes No
Expenditure R&D
40%
22%
20%
12% 6%
2-4% terhadap nilai penjualan 0-1% terhadap nilai penjualan5-9% terhadap nilai penjualan 10-15% terhadap nilai penjualan> 15% terhadap nilai penjualan
2-4% to total sale
5-9% to total sale
>15% to total sale
0-1% to total sale
10-15% to total sale
Reason not have own R&D
24%
24%22%
12%8%
5% 3%2%
Biaya investasi mahal SDM/Fasilitas terbatas
R & D di perusahaan prinsipal/induk Tidak mendesak
Imitasi/adopsi lebih murah Waktu
Memakai jasa konsultan Belum ada insentif dari pemerintah
Invest cost is expensive
R&D at principal company
Adopt is cheaper
Consultant use
Limited human resource
Not rush
Time
No government incentive
Self R&D motivation
47%
39%
7% 4% 3%
Kemandirian dan Daya Saing Atas desakan pasar (market pressure)
Biaya R & D Tidak Terlalu Mahal Adanya insentif dari pemerintah
Lainnya
Independent and Competitiveness
Market pressure
R&D cost is not expensive
Government incentive
Others
Motivation of technology adoption/diffusion
49%
23%
14%
9% 5%
Inovasi lebih baik Relatif murah
Waktu adopsi tidak lama Informasi mudah diperoleh
Lainnya
Better innovation
Short adopt time
Cheaper
Well informed
Other
Technology Transaction Mechanism
41%
25%
12%
11%7% 4%
Pembelian mesin dan/atau peralatan Pelatihan atau bantuan teknisJual beli konvensional LisensiKontrak kerjasama Lainnya
Machine procurement
Conventional trade
Partnership contract Other
License
Training and technical support
LIPI CONCLUSION
To strengthening technology supplier, R&D quality should be improved by supporting of IP information, up to date science-Technology information and potential market information.
To strengthening public-private linkage, necessary to establishment of communication network between R&D Institutions, University, IP Center/TLO/IP BDS/consultant, Businesses association and Industry or SME.
Necessary to give the national incentive program for acceleration of Technology diffusion and start up company.
Thank you
Terima Kasih
LIPI