Linked Open Innsbruck Educational Institutions€“ I like the book of Gustav Ganz “Art of Teaching ... Education Ontology by consulting firm Dan McCreary ... Usage Scenario –Case

1Dobler, Gogl, Scheiber and Tymaniuk

Ontology Engineering WS 10/11

Dobler, Gogl, Scheiber & Tymaniuk

Linked Open Innsbruck

Educational Institutions


Outline

# Title

1 Introduction

2 Approach

3 The Ontology

4 Application & Usage Scenarios

3 Data Sources & Integration

4 Outlook & Conclusion

5 References


INTRODUCTION


Introduction

• Linked Open Innsbruck

– Make Innsbruck and relevant data a part of the Linked Open Data cloud

• Broad offer of educational institutions in Innsbruck

• Educational Institution := organization dedicated to education– ≡ School := An institution for instruction in a skill or business

– ⊃ Academic institution := An educational institutions dedicated to education and

research, which grants academic degrees

– Educational institutions can broken down by the types:

• Fund type : public, private, parochial, etc.

• Academic type: non-academical, primary-, secondary-, tertiary education, etc.

• Modus type: full-time school, night school, vacation school, etc.

• Chosen Ontology editor and format

– Protégé 4.1

– OWL


The choice of the OE tool (Protégé 4.1)

• Open-source OWL ontology-engineering tool

• Built on top of OWL API

• User-friendly navigation and results visualization (multiple alternative

views of the same ontology, cloning of components)

• Large Protégé community

• However occasional crashes are possible


APPROACH


Approach – Ontology Development 101 – Step 1

Step 1: Determine the domain and scope of the ontology

• Domain

– “Educational Institutions” with special emphasis on Innsbruck

• For what we are going to use the ontology?

– Wide spanning knowledge base with easy information access

• Who will use and maintain the ontology?

– Use: public

– Maintenance: Government, e.g. Austrian department of education, and institutions

themselves

• For what types of questions the information in the ontology should

provide answers?

– Competency questions!



Step 1: Determine the domain and scope of the ontology

• Possible competency questions:

– If I want to go to the University of Vienna, what pre-requirements do I have to

consider? Where do I get the prerequisites for it?

– Is the “Gymnasium der Franziskaner Hall” public funded or is it a parochial school?

– I want to become a lawyer – what do I have to do?

– I want to become a lawyer - where can I do so?

– I want to visit a college with lowest number of drop-outs in Austria / Innsbruck?

– I want to follow my idols’ footsteps, e.g. Heinz Fischer. Which educational

institutions did he visit and which education does he have?

– I want to sent my daughter to Gymansium Kettenbrück, which transportation

possibilities are there and how often has she to change bus?

– I like the book of Gustav Ganz “Art of Teaching”, where does the author work

and what lectures does he give?

– Where is the grammar school with the best online receptions and valuations?

– What is the shortest way of education if I want to become an artist?



Step 2: Consider reusing existing ontologies

• Browse around school & educational related ontologies on repositories

like Swoogle, Dr Watson, Protégé page, Unversity of Manchester,…

• Chosen one: Education Ontology by consulting firm Dan McCreary

– Ontology originally designed for the Minnesota Department of Education

• What: Extension of NIEM to include K-12 education metadata

• Why: Dramatically lower data integration costs and make longitudinal data analysis more cost-

effective

• Scope: K-12 education: sum of primary and secondary education


Thing

ActivityStartDate

ActivityEndDate

PersonBirthDate

PropertyType

Activity Document PersonOrganization

ConceptType

StudentStateAssignedIDEnrollmentStateDate

Student Teacher

Education Extensions

Enrollment

Approach – Ontology Development 101 – Step 2 (2)

Education Ontology by consulting firm Dan McCreary

• Advantages

– Based on standards:

• NIEM: XML-based information exchange framework from the United States across all levels

of government and with private industry

• ISO/IEC 11179: An international standard for representing

metadata for an organization in a metadata registry

– Professional → quality

– Basic vocabulary

– Expandable regarding

• Institutions/schools (especially tertiary, alternative)

• Austrian school types

• Relationships & properties

• Disciplines

High Level Structure of the NIEM and the extension (source: Dan McCreary)


Approach – Step 3 to 6

• Step 3: Enumerate

important terms in the

ontology

– Wikipedia as source, with its

portals for School, Education &

University

• Step 4: Define classes and

class hierarchy

– Top-down development

• Step 5: Define attributes and

relationships

– Austrian education system

• Step 6: Define the

restrictions of the properties


Approach – Step 7 & Publishing

• Step 7: Create instances

– Medienkolleg Innsbruck

– Franziskaner Gymnasium Hall

– Gymnasium Kettenbrücke

– UNO Innsbruck Internation Summer School

– Teachers, books, academic degrees, valuations, …

• Publish ontology on the Web

– http://homepage.uibk.ac.at/~csag3861/ontologies/educational_institution.owl

– Submit URL at SWOOGLE

– Submit URL at schemaweb.info

http://homepage.uibk.ac.at/~csag3861/ontologies/educational_institution.owl


THE ONTOLOGY


The Ontology – Overview of all Classes


The Ontology - Cloud View

The cloud view shows the usage depending on classes


The Ontology – Important Classes


APPLICATION &

USAGE SCENARIO


Overview - Data Sources for Application

Educational

Institutions

DBpedia

Geo-

names

FOAF

profiles

The

Open

Library

Gutenberg

ProjectCiteSeer

bmukk.

gv.atschule.at

bsr.tsn.at

tibs.at…

Statistik

Austria

…stats.

oecd.org

spickmich

.atschule

.netschulradar

.at…

•School types

•Disciplines

•Persons

(graduated at, alma

mater, studied

education, has academic

degree,…)

•Persons

•Locations •Educational

Institutions

•Statistics(# graduates,

dropouts, budget,

…)

•School Evaluations

•Teacher Evaluations

•Published Books

(published at,

from teacher)

Transportation

Ontology

Innsbruck

•ways to school


Application – www.EduWiki.at

Semantic MediaWiki: http://www.EduWiki.at

“The open platform for education in Innsbruck and beyond”


Application – www.EduWiki.at (2)

• Features:

– Visual display of information

• E.g.: Semantic Maps, Semantic Result Formats, Course of Education Diagram

– Improved data structure

• E.g.: reducing the need for complex classification system by semantic queries

– Improved Search

• E.g.: own queries, visual query builder

– Inter-language consistency

• E.g.: data is independent of language

Semantic Map (source: http://mapping.referata.com/wiki/Semantic_Maps)

– External reuse

• E.g.: serve as data source for other apps

– Integrate and mash-up data

• E.g.: data is not isolated, serve as a central

information hub

– Automatically-generated content and lists

• E.g. stays up-to-date, less errors than human

input

http://mapping.referata.com/wiki/Semantic_Maps


Usage Scenario – Case Example Lawyer

Requires Academic

Degree

Has Profession

• Competency Question: I want to become a lawyer – what do I have to do?

Can be Learned at

!


Usage Scenario – Case Example Lawyer (2)

Requires Academic

Degree

Has Academic

Degree

Grants Academic

Degree


Usage Scenario – Case example (2)

– Competency Question: I want to follow my idols’ footsteps, e.g. Heinz Fischer. Which

educational institutions did he visit and which education does he have?

taughtAt


Usage scenario – Case example (3)

Competency Question: I like the book of Gustav Ganz “Art of Teaching”, where does the

author work and what lectures does he give?


DATA SOURCES & INTEGRATION


Data Sources for Usage Scenario

Educational

Institutions

DBpedia

Geo-

names

FOAF

profiles

The

Open

Library

Gutenberg

ProjectCiteSeer

bmukk.

gv.atschule.at

bsr.tsn.at

tibs.at…

Statistik

Austria

…stats.

oecd.org

spickmich

.atschule

.netschulradar

.at…

•School types

•Disciplines

•Persons

(graduated at, alma

mater, studied


degree,…)

•Persons


Institutions


dropouts, budget,

…)



•Published Books

(published at,

from teacher)

Transportation

Ontology

Innsbruck

•ways to school


Data Sources on Educational Institutions in Ibk

• Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur – http://www.bmukk.gv.at/

• Tiroler Bildungswegweiser– http://bsr.tsn.at/tbw/

• Österreichisches Schulportal– http://schule.at/

• Tiroler Bildungsservice• www.tibs.at

• Portalseite der Berufsbildenden Schulen– http://www.berufsbildendeschulen.at

• Stadtbranchenbuch Innsbruck: – http://www.stadtbranchenbuch.at/innsbruck/S/472.html

• WIFI courses– http://www.tirol.wifi.at/eshop/kursbuch.aspx

• BFI courses– http://www.bfi-tirol.at/weiterbildung/kurssuche.html

• Österreichische Schulen im WWW– http://www.pinoe-hl.ac.at/schulen/

• Schulendatei– http://www.schulen-online.at

• …

http://www.bmukk.gv.at/

http://bsr.tsn.at/tbw/

http://schule.at/

http://www.tibs.at/

http://www.berufsbildendeschulen.at/

http://www.stadtbranchenbuch.at/innsbruck/S/472.html

http://www.tirol.wifi.at/eshop/kursbuch.aspx

http://www.tirol.wifi.at/eshop/kursbuch.aspx

http://www.bfi-tirol.at/weiterbildung/kurssuche.html



http://www.pinoe-hl.ac.at/schulen/



http://www.schulen-online.at/




Data Sources on Educational Institutions in Ibk (2)

• Statistik Austria (Eduaction & Cultur)

– http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/bildung_und_kultur/

• OECD Stats (Education & Training)

– http://stats.oecd.org

• Spickmich: School- and teacher evaluations

– http://www.spickmich.at

• Schule.net: "Fair teacher evaluation in the Internet"

– http://www.schule.net

• Schulradar: "Find the best school for your kid!"

– http://www.schulradar.at

• …

http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/bildung_und_kultur/

http://stats.oecd.org/

http://www.spickmich.at/

http://www.schule.net/

http://www.schulradar.at/


Data Sources for Usage Scenario

Educational

Institutions

DBpedia

Geo-

names

FOAF

profiles

The

Open

Library

Gutenberg

ProjectCiteSeer

bmukk.

gv.at

bsr.tsn.at

tibs.at…

Statistik

Austria

…stats.

oecd.org

spickmich

.atschule

.netschulradar

.at…

•School types

•Disciplines

•Persons

(graduated at, alma

mater, studied


degree,…)

•Persons


Institutions


dropouts, budget,

…)



•Published Books

(published at,

from teacher)

Transportation

Ontology

Innsbruck

•ways to school

schulen-

online.at


– All schools in Austria (public, private), no tertiary institutions

– “Schulendatei Online”

– http://www.schulen-online.at/sol/pub_ssuche_init.do?method=schuleSuchenOeffentlich

Data Integration – Example - Schulendatei


Manually:

• fill in the web form -> “copy and paste”

– Set “Schulkennzahl” from 1 – 9 for the county + Wildcards

Example: enter string: 7***** in field “Schulkennzahl” all schools in Tirol (public/private)

will be presented by the search engine.

Semi-automatic:

• Write a script that invokes the URLs and stores the pages (Gnu Wget)• http://www.schulen-

online.at/sol/pub_ssuche_exec.do?method=schuleSuchenOeffentlich&formItem=&sortierung=

KENNZAHL&treffer=50&schulkennzahl=&bezeichnung=&plz=&ort=&strasse=&schul

art=XX&bundesland=XX&bezirk=0&privat=XX -> first 50 hits

• http://www.schulen-

online.at/sol/pub_ssuche_list.do?step=next&method=schuleSuchenOeffentlich -> next

50 hits

How to extract data from Schuldatei

http://www.schulen-online.at/sol/pub_ssuche_exec.do?method=schuleSuchenOeffentlich&formItem=&sortierung=KENNZAHL&treffer=50&schulkennzahl=&bezeichnung=&plz=&ort=&strasse=&schulart=XX&bundesland=XX&bezirk=0&privat=XX








http://www.schulen-online.at/sol/pub_ssuche_list.do?step=next&method=schuleSuchenOeffentlich








• Extract information of stored Websites

– Copy and Paste….

or

– With a script

– Each record is stored in a table row block, for instance

<tr>…. VS<br>7122 Gols am See, Obere Hauptstraße 5</td><td

valign="top" style="width:290px"> Tel.: 02173/2275, Fax: 02173/2275<br> <a

href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> <br> </td> </tr>

- Save in a file or database, import info into Ontology.

How to extract data from Schuldatei (2)

mailto:[email protected]


OUTLOOK & CONCLUSION


• Ontology has at the moment the basic constructs

– But is still expandable

• E.g. import more ontologies

• OWL has to be interlinked for integrating in Linked Data Cloud

– E.g. http://dbpedia.org for schooltypes and discpilines

• Data has to be integrated

– i.e from Schuldatei, Statistik Austria, schulradar,…

Outlook

http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin


• Protégé is a helpful and easy to use tool and well documented

• Scope of ontology tends to grow during its construction

• Decision problem: translate German terms or not?

– e.g. Gymnasium Grammar school

• A lot of different educational data sources → huge ontology potential

(e.g. when it comes to data integration)

• Data extraction method depends strongly on Website

• Most data sources do not have semantic tags implemented

Conclusion


REFERENCES


• T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, O. Lassila. The Semantic Web, Scientific

American, 2001.

• D. Fensel. Ontologies: A Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management

and Electronic Commerce, 2nd Edition, Springer 2003.

• T.R. Gruber, Toward principles for the design of ontologies used or

knowledge sharing? , Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud., vol. 43, no. 5-

6,1995

• Natalya F. Noy and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Ontology

Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology''.

Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-01-

05 and Stanford Medical Informatics Technical Report SMI-2001-

0880, March 2001.

• Gomez-Perez et al., Ontological Engineering, Springer, 2004.

References


• WWW links:– http://linkeddata.org

– http://protege.stanford.edu

– http://semantic-mediawiki.org/

– http://mapping.referata.com/wiki/Semantic_Maps

– http://www.danmccreary.com/presentations/semweb2006/

– http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/OntoGraf

– http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/Cloud_Views

– http://homepage.uibk.ac.at/~csag3861/ontologies/educational_institution.owl

– http://www.schulen-

online.at/sol/pub_ssuche_init.do?method=schuleSuchenOeffentlich

– http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/

References

http://linkeddata.org/

http://protege.stanford.edu/

http://semantic-mediawiki.org/



http://mapping.referata.com/wiki/Semantic_Maps

http://www.danmccreary.com/presentations/semweb2006/

http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/OntoGraf

http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/Cloud_Views

http://homepage.uibk.ac.at/~csag3861/ontologies/educational_institution.owl

http://www.schulen-online.at/sol/pub_ssuche_init.do?method=schuleSuchenOeffentlich




http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/

http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/

40Dobler, Gogl, Scheiber and Tymaniuk 40

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Linked Open Innsbruck Educational Institutions€“ I like the book of Gustav Ganz “Art of Teaching ... Education Ontology by consulting firm Dan McCreary ... Usage Scenario –Case