Supplementary Information

Distance Metric Formulation

In current applications, environmental distance is calculated as Euclidean

distance between n environmental variables, each standardized to mean=0 and

standard deviation=1:

Euclidean distance = √∑i=1n

(qi−pi)2 (1)

where i = 1 to n are variables and qi and pi are values for those variables at locations q

and p, and the large over bar represents the square root. Although it has not yet been

explored for environmental distance applications, variable weightings can be added to

Euclidean distance using a weighting factor if variables are expected to differ in

importance:

Weighted Euclidean distance = √∑i=1n

w i(qi−p i)2 (2)

where w is a weighting factor for variable i. Mahalanobis distance is a related metric

that accounts for collinearity between variables:

Mahalanobis distance = √∑i=1n

((q i−pi)¿¿T S−1(q i−pi)¿)¿¿¿

(3)

where S-1 is the inverse of the covariance matrix (Mahalanobis 1936). Note that

Mahalanobis distance cannot be computed if the covariance matrix is not positive semi-

definite, because this causes negative values under the square root (Sohn 2007).

Similar to weighted Euclidean distance, weighting factors can be added to Mahalanobis

distance:

Weighted Mahalanobis distance = √∑i=1n

((q i−pi)¿¿T Sw

−1(q i−pi)¿)¿¿¿ (4)

where Sw-1 is a weighted matrix obtained by multiplying the inverse of the covariance

matrix with variable weights. The consequence of these different formulations is

demonstrated in Figure S1.

Reference

Sohn H (2007) Effects of environmental and operational variability on structural health

monitoring. Philos Trans R Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci 365(1851):539–560

Figure A1. Heat plot contrasting environmental distances calculated using different

metrics. The colour of each point represents its environmental distance from the

centroid (indicated in black) using data for two environmental variables. The first

column is calculated using Euclidean distance and the second column is calculated

using Mahalanobis distance. The first row shows data for two variables with low

correlation (r=0.19) and the bottom row shows two highly correlated variables (r=0.91).

Figure A2. Model validation graphs for the linear mixed effects models of influence of

methodological choices on the strength of the environmental distance measure.

Residuals were plotted against fitted values (first column) and shown as a histogram

(second column). Graphs in first row correspond to individual variable analysis and

graphs in second row correspond to the model for different variable groups and metrics.

Table A1 Species included in our analysis, the number of occurrence points per defined range (P1 and P2), habitat type

(aquatic (A) and terrestrial (T)), kingdom (Animalia (A) and Plantae (P)), family, geographical distance between ranges,

and cluster sum of squares for k-means clustering. Geographical distance was calculated between all points in the two

presence ranges sing the R package ‘geosphere’. The number of pseudo-absence points per species is equal to 10x the

sum of the occurrence points in ranges P1 and P2.

SpeciesOccurrence points Habitat Kingdom Family

Distance between ranges (km) Cluster sum of squares

P1 P2 Mean Min Max P1 P2Acanthogobius flavimanus 87 4 A A Gobiidae 8740 7496 9829 924.44 149.51Acer ginnala 449 40 T P Sapindaceae 1763 1414 2240 142.48 882.87Acer negundo 2 9 T P Aceraceae 8324 7173 9298 2537.79 1687.59Achillea millefolium 55 10 T P Asteraceae 1721 1474 2719 107.83 0.07Achillea ptarmica 30 16 T P Asteraceae 3918 2943 4370 37.26 728.06Achnatherum occidentale 2 5 T P Poaceae 1190 1180 1204 0.20 0.00Agropyron cristatum 67 54 T P Poaceae 3664 2394 4095 484.93 653.22Agrostis gigantea 286 553 T P Poaceae 3679 2518 5373 667.74 37220.16Albula vulpes 25 39 A A Albulidae 11209 4604 17744 24519.74 140478.90Alliaria petiolata 155 817 T P Brassicaceae 3017 2044 4706 927.34 27150.56Alopecurus geniculatus 42 31 T P Poaceae 4705 2581 5861 10825.92 496.37Alternanthera philoxeroides 961 24 T P Amaranthaceae 3136 1817 5588 23851.97 5739.33Ambrosia artemisiifolia 2 54 T P Asteraceae 9730 7188 10367 314.76 30636.32Ameiurus catus 67 107 A A Ictaluridae 3423 1419 6265 12282.65 1527.48Amphilophus citrinellus 23 2 A A Cichlidae 8395 7521 9483 2039.91 0.00Anaphalis margaritacea 7 3 T P Asteraceae 1554 1274 1905 22.11 0.11Anguilla marmorata 15 42 A A Anguillidae 10693 5683 13713 18131.64 44099.16Antennaria rosea 4 11 T P Asteraceae 1202 1198 1210 0.04 0.01

Anthemis cotula 13 14 T P Asteraceae 3594 1686 5195 428.86 14292.31

Anthoxanthum odoratum 29 24 T P Poaceae 3351 2935 5397 2586.44 68.68Anthriscus sylvestris 51 19 T P Apiaceae 1378 1224 1627 41.96 60.45Apalone spinifera 2 18 T A Trionychidae 3650 3321 4198 108.66 244.66Apeltes quadracus 41 15 A A Gasterosteidae 1770 1154 2930 294.77 1422.28Arabis glabra 26 6 T P Brassicaceae 3491 2947 3760 0.01 1055.13Arabis hirsuta 8 2 T P Brassicaceae 1190 1180 1200 0.01 0.03Arctium minus 140 60 T P Asteraceae 2056 1383 5418 13246.52 4177.44Aristichthys nobilis 9 5 A A Cyprinidae 10539 7188 12643 450.46 18998.94Arthraxon hispidus 99 4 T P Poaceae 2397 1854 3797 168.54 1822.97Asparagus officinalis 6 34 T P Asparagaceae 1654 1032 3052 94.71 484.61Astronotus ocellatus 73 95 A A Cichlidae 4548 1590 13721 40139.05 9847.48Avena fatua 168 4 T P Poaceae 3986 3040 4334 1.43 1188.17Balanus amphitrite 10 20 A A Balanidae 6119 3768 8071 671.04 9713.62Balistoides conspicillum 10 4 A A Balistidae 11753 10630 15198 4774.22 18639.23Bambusa vulgaris 5 7 T P Poaceae 3118 2375 3661 732.25 17.78Belonesox belizanus 102 32 A A Poeciliidae 1442 1131 1844 0.20 4632.07Berteroa incana 893 85 T P Brassicaceae 1691 1116 4601 7566.39 3700.60Beta vulgaris 5 19 T P Amaranthaceae 2176 1707 2991 254.05 0.00Betta splendens 3 2 A A Osphronemidae 14308 12604 15814 313.49 142.51Botrylloides violaceus 57 25 A A Styelidae 4120 3703 4449 324.47 4310.56Botryllus schlosseri 43 2 A A Styelidae 3873 3552 4335 2042.11 946.81Branchiura sowerbyi 18 8 T A Naididae 3050 2562 3409 335.46 42.93Brassica juncea 32 11 T P Brassicaceae 6041 4069 6979 2531.08 93.33Brassica rapa 32 2 T P Brassicaceae 4849 3963 5210 1277.39 6007.98Bromus inermis 788 212 T P Poaceae 3790 1778 5759 30547.26 3563.57Bromus secalinus 24 45 T P Poaceae 1866 1546 4537 8981.51 1148.44Buddleja davidii 30 395 T P Scrophulariaceae 3925 3652 4120 23.09 515.47Bugula neritina 15 5 A A Bugulidae 3835 3757 3914 0.01 13.56Bugula stolonifera 4 5 A A Bugulidae 4098 3864 4318 0.05 118.31Caiman crocodilus 32 27 A A Alligatoridae 2652 1024 6020 6267.97 1325.21Callitriche stagnalis 82 95 A P Paginaceae 3891 2241 4449 935.70 1112.07

Campanula rapunculoides 29 97 T P Campanulaceae 3853 3100 4443 118.97 1307.91Caragana arborescens 62 642 T P Fabaceae 3801 2724 5035 1562.41 1693.32Carassius carassius 218 10 A A Cyprinidae 8088 2589 15994 13230.53 30134.81Carcinus maenas 108 25 A A Portunidae 4351 3930 5045 1935.96 1047.72Carduus acanthoides 183 816 T P Asteraceae 1671 1229 3921 34.03 20319.97Carex aquatilis 2 2 T P Cyperaceae 1198 1197 1200 0.00 0.00Carpobrotus edulis 2 23 T P Aizoaceae 2476 2329 2804 5.77 2.42Casuarina cunninghamiana 25 38 T P Casuarinaceae 1864 1554 2525 53.92 500.65Catostomus commersonii 6 96 A A Catostomidae 2482 1410 3638 306.65 1056.12Centaurea biebersteinii 298 141 T P Asteraceae 2827 1091 3580 8064.61 9504.91Centaurea debeauxii 73 2 T P Asteraceae 1999 1949 2054 3.99 0.16Centropyge flavissima 3 2 A A Pomacanthidae 5102 5092 5117 7.11 321.50Cephalopholis argus 18 53 A A Serranidae 12422 3355 18985 491559.58 38398.35Cephalopholis urodeta 35 30 A A Serranidae 10465 3357 16728 836516.98 76962.64Ceratopteris thalictroides 58 2 T P Pteridaceae 5407 1777 7802 924.87 889.37Cetengraulis mysticetus 8 2 A A Engraulidae 3867 3352 4646 84.85 410.23Chaetodon lunula 52 4 A A Chaetodontidae 13434 4642 18992 360221.38 27909.12Channa maculata 25 6 A A Channidae 10599 6614 17445 13179.65 9435.46Channa marulius 22 9 A A Channidae 14629 13994 15142 693.65 2.36Channa micropeltes 4 7 A A Channidae 14179 13240 15601 460.32 147.50Chanos chanos 10 25 A A Chanidae 13905 10336 18840 8975.66 76614.50Chenopodium album 148 850 T P Amaranthaceae 5044 1762 7280 17738.96 36271.64Chitala ornata 3 18 A A Notopteridae 12549 6982 15178 301.29 6633.16Chromileptes altivelis 6 2 A A Serranidae 7689 7433 7801 9.92 4.78Chrysanthemum coronarium 10 4 T P Asteraceae 2184 1697 2320 33.35 0.43Chrysemys picta 4 2 T A Emydidae 3957 3730 4170 41.61 0.55Chrysemys picta bellii 6 4 T A Emydidae 3082 2281 4067 226.20 36.38Cichla ocellaris 44 66 A A Cichlidae 4953 1592 11575 18242.46 38289.04Cichla temensis 7 9 A A Cichlidae 4462 2758 5708 434.02 14974.05Cichlasoma citrinellum 26 2 A A Cichlidae 8275 6404 9483 2784.51 0.00Cichlasoma meeki 8 2 A A Cichlidae 8042 4709 9484 1776.88 0.01

Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum 11 21 A A Cichlidae 4453 1372 9616 11046.20 2.96Cichlasoma octofasciata 2 31 A A Cichlidae 5834 3746 8121 759.05 776.00Cichlasoma octofasciatum 3 33 A A Cichlidae 2029 1569 8121 2243.51 764.35Ciona intestinalis 2 34 A A Cionidae 4147 3840 4300 815.42 0.00Cipangopaludina chinensis 5 139 A A Viviparidae 5073 1974 7345 876.83 1890.95Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus 55 6 A A Cirrhitidae 15158 5697 18850 448359.20 62317.49Clarias batrachus 27 143 A A Clariidae 14720 10599 17428 7534.53 4929.32Clarias fuscus 19 8 A A Clariidae 8843 7924 10261 15.34 837.86Colisa lalia 2 10 A A Osphronemidae 14297 13876 15307 3.27 518.05Collomia linearis 6 12 T P Polemoniaceae 3102 2725 3826 67.32 268.44Cordylophora caspia 8 25 A A Oceaniidae 3328 1976 4222 728.47 448.60Coregonus lavaretus 2 418 A A Salmonidae 6388 5303 7669 34288.94 13169.47Coronilla varia 647 9 T P Fabaceae 2504 2419 2546 2.89 4805.05Corophium acherusicum 10 44 A A Corophiidae 4062 3815 4375 2029.30 0.06Corophium insidiosum 34 5 A A Corophiidae 4049 3818 4368 0.40 1240.51Cortaderia selloana 47 49 T P Poaceae 2551 1222 3933 2196.67 329.81Corydoras aeneus 5 31 A A Callichthyidae 11463 6683 12853 1964.71 5681.44Cottus bairdii 8 7 A A Cottidae 2673 1182 4918 1093.63 76.77Crangonyx pseudogracilis 5 4 A A Crangonyctidae 1195 1161 1225 0.22 0.00Crassostrea gigas 5 56 A A Ostreidae 4220 3817 4374 0.04 2620.89Crassostrea virginica 14 8 A A Ostreidae 4134 3819 6145 1020.35 0.07Cygnus olor 62 13 T A Anatidae 1637 1258 2185 18.73 210.01Cynoscion xanthulus 2 8 A A Sciaenidae 4108 3848 5230 1.31 638.22Cyperus prolifer 22 2 T P Cyperaceae 7637 7529 7802 16.34 0.01Dactylis glomerata 625 129 T P Poaceae 3056 2416 6980 45820.06 8945.37Descurainia sophia 137 278 T P Brassicaceae 3939 2583 5370 3468.82 3168.38Diadumene leucolena 3 13 A A Diadunenidae 3862 3831 3969 0.01 52.57Didemnum vexillum 21 23 A A Didemnidae 4258 3976 4824 131.65 903.23Diplosoma listerianum 9 2 A A Didemnidae 5821 3963 7683 1040.67 0.02Dipsacus laciniatus 24 54 T P Caprifoliaceae 2353 1265 4005 1915.34 425.92Dipsacus spp. 23 977 T P Caprifoliaceae 2301 2213 3583 146.28 244.74

Eichhornia azurea 9 12 T P Pontederiaceae 2182 1591 3348 951.84 23.31Elasmopus rapax 13 2 A A Maeridae 6662 6583 6740 0.09 2.77Eleutherodactylus coqui 13 106 T A Eleutherodactylidae 7750 7572 9716 504.87 54.28Eleutherodactylus planirostris 298 90 T A Eleutherodactylidae 7420 5995 7955 3952.21 94.23Elodea canadensis 12 4 A P Hydrocharitaceae 4323 3992 5252 2.84 1342.79Epinephelus fasciatus 23 49 A A Serranidae 10874 3541 19609 391683.16 296575.69Epinephelus ongus 4 15 A A Serranidae 10514 1783 17677 71562.57 16821.63Eragrostis curvula 302 91 T P Poaceae 2821 1003 9287 592.45 22917.35Eriocheir sinensis 77 20 A A Varunidae 3989 2610 4340 1866.28 92.39Erucastrum gallicum 19 3 T P Brassicaceae 1147 1134 1167 0.18 0.21Esox americanus vermiculatus 22 120 A A Esocidae 2903 1019 3827 422.59 4354.05Esox lucius 170 796 A A Esocidae 6605 4290 11724 27008.28 66994.09Eubosmina coregoni 7 10 A A Bosminidae 1588 1078 2159 639.86 543.22Eucinostomus gracilis 3 8 A A Gerreidae 3106 1648 3825 447.00 260.93Euphorbia terracina 318 6 T P Euphorbiaceae 2504 2401 2675 10.09 0.88Fallopia convolvulus 3 59 T P Polygonaceae 5458 4746 6125 1366.81 0.02Fallopia japonica 278 719 T P Polygonaceae 3845 1235 5909 10637.63 15228.86Fallopia sachalinensis 42 798 T P Polygonaceae 3848 1632 5906 1827.25 5487.68Fallopia x bohemica 121 329 T P Polygonaceae 1949 1604 7970 39472.09 15103.82Festuca arundinacea 50 540 T P Poaceae 4036 3606 6954 25285.53 681.02Ficaria verna 8 161 T P Ranunculaceae 3716 2770 4208 2926.07 3.93Fistularia commersonii 11 17 A A Fistulariidae 13157 1784 18796 130395.05 16544.52Fundulus diaphanus 7 28 A A Fundulidae 3156 1454 4032 390.39 167.08Gambusia affinis 739 64 A A Poeciliidae 12926 6107 19262 168426.83 158984.31Gambusia holbrooki 53 60 A A Poeciliidae 9578 5451 19478 9787.86 58125.04Gasterosteus aculeatus 16 79 A A Gasterosteidae 2918 2333 5744 1714.04 1204.23Geranium robertianum 19 21 T P Geraniaceae 1651 1411 1995 39.28 20.58Gobionellus oceanicus 8 7 A A Gobiidae 6076 2607 15036 21545.89 2335.28Gobiosoma bosc 3 9 A A Gobiidae 1595 1381 2279 0.00 437.29Gramma loreto 8 24 A A Grammatidae 4218 1978 15471 17340.97 931.51Graptemys pseudogeographica 13 2 T A Emydidae 3433 1850 4123 626.58 61.04

Gymnocephalus cernuus 3 835 A A Percidae 6554 5885 7824 29475.86 21005.06Gymnocorymbus ternetzi 4 24 A A Characidae 6657 4645 8877 1192.35 433.34Gypsophila paniculata 117 4 T P Caryophyllaceae 1672 1259 1786 0.00 257.39Haliplanella lineata 2 20 A A Haliplanellidae 3601 2566 7663 144.13 2171.02Hedera helix 497 503 T P Araliaceae 3694 1148 4683 26632.07 4882.37Helianthus annuus 4 6 T P Asteraceae 3780 3733 3828 11.58 87.30Hemarthria altissima 10 19 T P Poaceae 1848 1152 2238 404.33 11.65Hemichromis elongatus 189 4 A A Cichlidae 17408 14946 19750 18335.54 0.04Hemichromis letourneuxi 7 72 A A Cichlidae 10788 9478 10994 355.19 3.75Hemigrammus ocellifer 120 24 A A Characidae 2611 1741 6688 653.08 3769.67Heniochus diphreutes 4 2 A A Chaetodontidae 9358 7217 12517 56018.19 4961.38Heracleum mantegazzianum 339 73 T P Apiaceae 2997 2039 4644 5345.74 783.97Heracleum maximum 11 20 T P Apiaceae 1180 1155 1192 0.44 0.01Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus 20 11 A A Clupeidae 9883 3213 15401 8848.83 116580.04Heros severus 39 10 A A Cichlidae 5109 2611 8703 2659.11 3594.95Hesperis matronalis 44 277 T P Brassicaceae 4733 1731 5903 18217.24 5267.87Hieracium caespitosum 58 942 T P Asteraceae 2056 1264 2864 4611.57 1796.37Hieracium murorum 30 29 T P Asteraceae 3163 3129 3183 1.78 0.02Hirschfeldia incana 9 5 T P Brassicaceae 2232 2080 2375 3.94 0.76Holcus lanatus 8 303 T P Poaceae 4656 4603 4821 208.92 5905.51Hoplosternum littorale 139 49 A A Callichthyidae 4609 2179 7231 211.17 12208.24Hordeum jubatum 6 994 T P Poaceae 3602 2140 4815 6358.95 7371.88Hordeum vulgare 15 11 T P Poaceae 4128 3618 4841 437.33 366.19Hygrophila polysperma 51 29 T P Acanthaceae 1711 1327 2178 377.79 150.69Hyla cinerea 3 10 T A Hylidae 3162 1885 3845 391.10 335.90Hypericum perforatum 66 934 T P Hypericaceae 2904 1531 3796 2546.97 484.97Hypomesus nipponensis 3 16 A A Osmeridae 8266 7174 9439 447.87 113.22Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 8 989 A A Cyprinidae 12657 9442 16770 7905.94 34156.77Hypostomus sp. 19 16 A A Loricariidae 2283 1547 3768 486.50 958.63Hypsoblennius invemar 2 6 A A Blenniidae 10006 4216 14725 14169.19 4350.37Ilex aquifolium 20 3 T P Aquifoliaceae 2034 1385 2123 37.71 0.03

Impatiens glandulifera 60 59 T P Balsaminaceae 4257 1650 5534 2370.39 15870.83Ipomoea aquatica 9 21 T P Convolvulaceae 6295 3354 7796 3317.27 65.81Ischaemum rugosum 2 17 T P Poaceae 1402 1081 1644 47.32 1.00Juncus ensifolius 18 3 T P Juncaceae 2013 1936 2113 0.24 5.70Koelreuteria paniculata 18 3 T P Sapindaceae 1728 1101 2437 179.66 75.29Kuhlia rupestris 34 17 A A Kuhliidae 9852 5314 13457 11465.47 117366.30Lapsana communis 49 202 T P Asteraceae 3156 2918 4663 682.95 155.92Lates angustifrons 4 2 A A Centropomidae 13910 13604 14131 1.44 14.76Lates mariae 5 4 A A Centropomidae 13899 13571 14233 9.99 18.17Lates niloticus 3 15 A A Centropomidae 12614 9522 14103 4.99 8074.03Lepidium densiflorum 43 346 T P Brassicaceae 3756 3083 4265 3348.43 431.89Lepidium latifolium 146 840 T P Brassicaceae 3803 2832 5434 26883.51 20.59Lepisosteus platyrhincus 15 2 A A Lepisosteidae 4110 3362 4400 0.12 558.00Lepomis sp. 3 5 A A Centrarchidae 1952 1396 2120 151.69 0.01Leptochelia dubia 31 5 A A Leptocheliidae 3840 3818 3854 0.21 0.03Leucaena leucocephala 40 374 T P Fabaceae 1623 1187 4260 51.68 1659.74Leucanthemum vulgare 525 469 T P Asteraceae 3317 1321 5717 36086.56 12412.89Leuciscus idus 493 20 A A Cyprinidae 7027 5359 10538 127416.34 37985.56Ligia exotica 11 2 T A Ligiidae 7790 7494 7914 72.78 5.16Lilium spp. 30 3 T P Liliaceae 2513 1864 3407 0.34 263.62Limia vittata 8 3 A A Poeciliidae 8000 7561 8282 17.54 5.68Linaria vulgaris 817 183 T P Paginaceae 3402 1692 4660 3177.14 26318.65Littorina littorea 7 21 A A Littorinidae 4129 3837 4350 149.48 414.41Lonicera 162 3 T P Caprifoliaceae 1565 1203 2111 26.75 91.63Lonicera X bella 697 172 T P Caprifoliaceae 1503 1239 1878 432.44 554.30Lota lota 871 116 A A Lotidae 6028 4211 10529 22611.77 62264.97Lucania goodei 2 16 A A Fundulidae 2516 1243 3619 94.71 212.88Ludwigia grandiflora 17 84 T P Onagraceae 3440 2108 4112 287.50 4356.30Ludwigia octovalvis 45 2 T P Onagraceae 9450 9274 9655 91.52 0.02Lupinus polyphyllus 395 341 T P Fabaceae 4028 2752 5574 5322.77 6088.40Lutjanus gibbus 17 21 A A Lutjanidae 10167 3408 15714 37119.82 216421.82

Lutjanus guttatus 12 25 A A Lutjanidae 3374 1179 8926 27233.78 6524.99Lutjanus kasmira 12 35 A A Lutjanidae 13268 3594 19071 213924.24 8616.18Lutjanus quinquelineatus 10 2 A A Lutjanidae 7669 5420 11268 4198.75 946.30Lutjanus sebae 6 9 A A Lutjanidae 9768 3963 13951 62528.80 21876.73Macrochelys temminckii 3 3 T A Chelydridae 3960 2432 5786 542.86 75.63Macrognathus siamensis 7 20 A A Mastacembelidae 15567 15385 16052 0.75 36.36Macropodus opercularis 33 2 A A Osphronemidae 13692 11732 15239 54.83 4635.47Maeotias marginata 6 3 A A Olindiidae 3920 3806 3987 29.65 0.42Marisa cornuarietis 19 5 A A Ampullariidae 2940 1593 5331 950.40 534.25Medicago lupulina 81 68 T P Fabaceae 3050 2463 6963 2652.71 36709.23Megalops atlanticus 17 60 A A Megalopidae 4606 2372 10933 2557.91 14786.13Megathyrsus maximus 21 844 T P Poaceae 1645 1016 1801 8912.70 126.88Melilotus alba 578 393 T P Fabaceae 3786 2594 5010 5575.51 7378.59Melilotus officinalis 157 842 T P Fabaceae 3948 2078 6932 435484.14 12912.67Menidia beryllina 22 121 A A Atherinopsidae 2915 1619 4222 19.44 6726.55Mentha spp. 43 3 T P Lamiaceae 2966 1915 4078 22.09 401.24Mercenaria mercenaria 7 10 A A Veneridae 5807 5340 6157 1.56 332.97Micropterus coosae 8 26 A A Centrarchidae 3469 1757 5757 2502.77 66.96Micropterus punctulatus 19 248 A A Centrarchidae 14523 12574 17282 26492.23 8966.51Micropterus punctulatus punctulatus 2 8 A A Centrarchidae 1371 1077 2099 115.72 48.27Micropterus salmoides floridanus 29 14 A A Centrarchidae 1832 1234 2326 55.53 225.53Micropterus sp. 64 8 A A Centrarchidae 2783 2363 3246 238.51 125.50Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 44 138 A A Cobitidae 11368 6010 14915 5367.87 104404.18Monopterus albus 35 39 A A Synbranchidae 14047 8074 17441 16743.89 13146.72Morone mississippiensis 13 45 A A Moronidae 2010 1346 2563 4.67 1446.40Mugilogobius cavifrons 9 3 A A Gobiidae 8471 8380 8541 0.10 22.00Muhlenbergia richardsonis 3 3 T P Poaceae 1195 1186 1201 0.00 0.04Mycelis muralis 51 7 T P Asteraceae 4474 4250 4661 31.57 31.66Mylopharyngodon piceus 17 9 A A Cyprinidae 12323 10171 13644 9241.32 859.12Myosotis scorpioides 399 590 T P Boraginaceae 3939 2795 5889 39355.37 10321.29Myriophyllum heterophyllum 445 6 T P Haloragaceae 4004 3644 4293 962.36 10.35

Mysis relicta 3 17 A A Mysidae 2931 1387 4175 300.86 803.21Nematistius pectoralis 33 4 A A Nematistiidae 3260 1674 4575 1356.60 58.07Nepeta cataria 9 4 T P Lamiaceae 2331 1233 3245 168.22 143.11Nerodia fasciata pictiventris 5 2 T A Colubridae 2451 2171 2654 0.01 37.45Nicotiana glauca 2 2 T P Solanaceae 1452 1073 1836 4.58 27.30Nymphaea mexicana 4 4 A P Nymphaeaceae 3748 3647 3912 13.73 1.15Nymphaea odorata 83 3 A P Nymphaeaceae 5906 5213 6148 1103.51 1.20Oeceoclades maculata 19 21 T P Orchidaceae 1332 1015 1565 16.89 54.58Oncorhynchus clarkii behnkei 11 2 A A Salmonidae 2475 2248 2688 0.23 65.85Oncorhynchus clarkii carmichaeli 2 28 A A Salmonidae 2479 2248 2690 118.45 0.23Oncorhynchus gorbuscha 23 65 A A Salmonidae 3965 1914 7459 54582.81 27142.47Oncorhynchus mykiss 909 72 A A Salmonidae 9522 4321 19255 334915.12 96531.77Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus 20 2 A A Salmonidae 1753 1563 2557 102.50 0.67Orconectes neglectus 8 10 A A Cambaridae 3911 2705 4114 3.29 310.79Oreochromis aureus 42 267 A A Cichlidae 9251 5231 15656 38398.93 51940.84Oreochromis macrochir 136 9 A A Cichlidae 18670 15259 19967 13.77 15275.26Oreochromis mossambicus 9 498 A A Cichlidae 11474 6032 18032 154833.73 120058.76Oreochromis niloticus 60 3 A A Cichlidae 2400 1640 4878 1429.23 2078.92Oreochromis urolepis hornorum 3 5 A A Cichlidae 13595 6792 16082 4615.04 1279.36Oryzias latipes 11 4 A A Adrianichthyidae 10516 6729 13447 5783.76 1600.37Osteopilus septentrionalis 4 246 T A Hylidae 7726 5385 9486 0.04 5168.73Pachysandra terminalis 6 37 T P Buxaceae 1339 1232 1613 1136.58 3.13Palaemon macrodactylus 6 12 A A Palaemonidae 4174 3968 4348 212.41 7.49Parachromis (Cichlasoma) managuense 18 4 A A Cichlidae 5887 2209 9477 949.29 2023.48Parachromis managuensis 10 4 A A Cichlidae 5679 2209 9385 2023.48 478.50Paralichthys lethostigma 8 10 A A Paralichthyidae 1826 1434 2759 407.85 865.86Paralichthys woolmani 13 6 A A Paralichthyidae 4058 2479 5482 780.69 506.52Paspalum notatum 5 14 T P Poaceae 1314 1173 1545 28.82 1.19Pectinatella magnifica 2 5 A A Pectinatellidae 2441 1860 2753 43.44 153.16Peganum harmala 140 307 T P Nitrariaceae 1603 1340 1945 129.64 41.12

Pelodiscus sinensis 6 10 T A Trionychidae 7963 7683 8100 12.92 18.68Pelvicachromis pulcher 23 2 A A Cichlidae 16646 16320 16749 50.50 0.00Peprilus simillimus 14 5 A A Stromateidae 2118 1224 3632 54.45 628.40Persicaria lapathifolia 5 53 T P Polygonaceae 2097 1137 5802 2383.11 6.73Persicaria maculosa 10 506 T P Polygonaceae 4706 3361 6228 19139.95 47.35Petromyzon marinus 27 319 A A Petromyzontidae 6332 4318 8664 8132.01 17002.70Phalaris aquatica 270 4 T P Poaceae 3675 2974 4126 150.43 91.36Phalaris arundinacea 788 202 T P Poaceae 3122 2521 5577 11393.94 12290.48Phellodendron amurense 31 4 T P Rutaceae 1517 1066 1832 49.51 123.82Phleum pratense 74 924 T P Poaceae 3367 1664 5234 99953.97 937.30Phoenix canariensis 2 58 T P Arecaceae 9357 9212 10211 1726.82 0.50Phyllorhiza punctata 16 5 A A Mastigiidae 7515 6462 9377 0.04 2727.54Phyllostachys spp. 27 4 T P Poaceae 7779 7418 8137 0.03 242.90Picea abies 23 2 T P Pinaceae 1343 1248 1418 16.73 0.00Pisidium amnicum 6 2 A A Sphaeriidae 1352 1066 1579 26.73 120.63Plantago lanceolata 3 46 T P Paginaceae 4530 2776 6938 138.64 25925.35Platax orbicularis 7 33 A A Ephippidae 14815 11279 18679 154279.99 16898.13Platichthys flesus 11 611 A A Pleuronectidae 7794 2765 15804 104700.04 36221.64Plecoglossus altivelis 6 3 A A Plecoglossidae 3848 3754 3962 1.18 24.50Poa bulbosa 4 14 T P Poaceae 2010 1058 2418 107.13 315.57Poa nemoralis 19 2 T P Poaceae 1352 1285 1474 11.27 0.01Poa trivialis 179 132 T P Poaceae 4318 2815 5533 8876.73 3433.58Poecilia mexicana 31 19 A A Poeciliidae 3561 1856 5638 689.36 30668.66Poecilia reticulata 125 26 A A Poeciliidae 12892 2321 19920 98722.01 156485.41Poeciliopsis gracilis 3 3 A A Poeciliidae 3509 3387 3732 155.11 0.00Polyandrocarpa zorritensis 17 2 A A Styelidae 4186 4094 4247 0.02 8.87Polygonum aviculare 32 905 T P Polygonaceae 3857 2060 6627 16335.48 35694.21Pomacanthus asfur 2 4 A A Pomacanthidae 11717 10777 12106 0.05 147.71Pomacanthus imperator 23 4 A A Pomacanthidae 13060 1845 17012 24995.60 266401.23Pomacanthus maculosus 12 6 A A Pomacanthidae 12342 10738 13606 3475.32 0.49Pomacanthus semicirculatus 22 34 A A Pomacanthidae 11107 5681 17692 154333.41 27203.37

Pomacea canaliculata 10 17 A A Ampullariidae 6751 4075 7703 3726.15 27.14Pomacea paludosa 25 2 A A Ampullariidae 7471 5913 7797 476.28 1.53Potamopyrgus antipodarum 57 887 A A Hydrobiidae 2719 1200 4536 29012.52 3595.03Potentilla glandulosa 2 3 T P Rosaceae 1195 1188 1198 0.00 0.03Procambarus acutus acutus 7 2 A A Cambaridae 3709 3018 4411 500.34 121.25Procambarus clarkii 6 129 A A Cambaridae 5896 2285 8319 912.66 11541.22Prunus virginiana 65 10 T P Rosaceae 3772 3700 4127 102.87 71.83Pseudacris regilla 4 2 T A Hylidae 1444 1345 1591 0.00 4.61Pseudorasbora parva 63 9 A A Cyprinidae 8175 6739 9244 10107.36 108.73Pterois miles 40 7 A A Scorpaenidae 6205 3430 7787 11537.20 13680.27Pterois volitans 12 31 A A Scorpaenidae 14094 10514 17055 144060.91 42.46Pterophyllum scalare 27 3 A A Cichlidae 5684 3320 8857 934.01 2496.04Pterygoplichthys anisitsi 19 9 A A Loricariidae 6954 5948 7291 23.57 530.45Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus 18 44 A A Loricariidae 2380 1751 8829 3357.63 980.15Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus 11 36 A A Loricariidae 2990 1628 10843 943.62 16611.85Pterygoplichthys pardalis 4 15 A A Loricariidae 3754 2441 6643 1763.33 5644.27Pterygoplichthys sp. 5 14 A A Loricariidae 3272 1115 4485 831.44 386.41Pungitius pungitius 360 322 A A Gasterosteidae 5912 3661 14455 50510.47 379553.51Puntius conchonius 17 64 A A Cyprinidae 13957 12660 14889 1086.17 3058.93Puntius gelius 17 2 A A Cyprinidae 14022 12945 14501 599.03 2.40Pygocentrus nattereri 23 11 A A Serrasalmidae 6200 2697 12110 2343.58 9910.71Pygocentrus or Serrasalmus sp. 7 3 A A Serrasalmidae 2637 1265 3838 215.27 474.25Pygoplites diacanthus 28 12 A A Pomacanthidae 10181 3399 15500 75342.43 265758.41Python molurus bivittatus 98 4 T A Pythonidae 1708 1577 2401 1.08 180.57Radix auricularia 33 54 A A Lymnaeidae 3120 1466 4339 3526.16 1007.27Ranunculus repens 53 939 T P Ranunculaceae 4469 2962 5973 1710.18 12448.59Rhinecanthus verrucosus 9 2 A A Balistidae 7234 4957 18673 2719.70 37665.75Rhinella marina 216 43 T A Bufonidae 2602 1569 9754 39.41 11237.74Rhinella marina (Bufo marinus) 124 24 T A Bufonidae 8137 7000 9681 8326.43 39.61Rhinogobius brunneus 12 7 A A Gobiidae 9872 7209 11354 2369.92 0.88Rhithropanopeus harrisii 9 10 A A Panopeidae 2379 1712 2789 56.70 117.04

Rhizoprionodon longurio 6 12 A A Carcharhinidae 4217 2862 5416 601.19 232.56Rhodeus sericeus 2 12 A A Cyprinidae 9088 7443 10739 5202.42 0.10Rorippa microphylla 2 15 T P Brassicaceae 1583 1455 1708 0.56 24.54Rosa rugosa 140 52 T P Rosaceae 4496 3114 5572 994.99 9094.67Rosa spp. 822 92 T P Rosaceae 3264 1897 4644 1712.39 1850.40Rotala indica 9 5 A P Lythraceae 2835 2789 2894 0.82 0.07Ruellia simplex 6 133 T P Acanthaceae 1600 1064 1855 504.74 21.90Rumex acetosa 8 50 T P Polygonaceae 3089 3053 3280 12378.05 0.65Rumex crispus 574 256 T P Polygonaceae 4979 1652 7688 32845.01 64223.70Rumex longifolius 40 23 T P Polygonaceae 4410 2676 5432 3511.27 776.55Rumex obtusifolius 352 46 T P Polygonaceae 4018 2975 6126 20533.79 235.82Sagittaria graminea 2 6 A P Alismataceae 3895 3843 3984 1.16 0.19Salix 11 31 T P Salicaceae 1590 1251 2112 81.56 26.39Salix babylonica 7 14 T P Salicaceae 2609 1659 3394 710.58 318.48Salmo salar 113 849 A A Salmonidae 6154 3270 11658 35490.85 104615.48Salmo salar sebago 56 20 A A Salmonidae 3586 1516 4555 1783.84 1059.98Salvelinus alpinus oquassa 5 3 A A Salmonidae 3389 3282 3470 3.05 2.00Salvelinus fontinalis 695 295 A A Salmonidae 6998 4051 12576 231616.25 2089.66Salvinia molesta 797 10 A P Salviniaceae 4929 3712 9486 19764.77 8814.00Sarotherodon melanotheron 106 8 A A Cichlidae 7695 7519 7828 0.21 80.87Saurida undosquamis 15 18 A A Synodontidae 9344 3452 13913 30258.99 24447.00Scardinius erythrophthalmus 566 159 A A Cyprinidae 7014 5334 10457 97373.37 20484.67Schizoporella unicornis 3 7 A A Schizoporellidae 3890 3839 4159 77.90 0.00Scomberomorus concolor 2 4 A A Scombridae 2919 1755 4236 147.89 102.53Secale cereale 4 6 T P Poaceae 1564 1526 1645 0.00 1.29Senecio integerrimus 2 9 T P Asteraceae 1193 1178 1199 0.00 0.14Senecio vulgaris 288 58 T P Asteraceae 5510 2782 6950 22520.56 17752.14Serrasalmus rhombeus 19 78 A A Serrasalmidae 2319 1112 5869 4800.52 2934.09Setaria faberi 13 12 T P Poaceae 1315 1006 1620 1.71 222.79Setaria viridis 4 33 T P Poaceae 3551 2562 4388 12329.87 206.01Siganus rivulatus 8 9 A A Siganidae 10237 7072 14189 7806.17 8849.11

Silene latifolia 607 31 T P Caryophyllaceae 4375 3038 4716 177.96 236.16Sinapis arvensis 2 5 T P Brassicaceae 4084 3934 4196 7.06 0.08Solidago multiradiata 3 3 T P Asteraceae 1200 1199 1203 0.00 0.00Sonchus arvensis 165 835 T P Asteraceae 3853 1258 5545 57068.29 3968.61Sonchus arvensis ssp. uliginosus 25 169 T P Asteraceae 4539 2867 5599 5395.01 1415.58Sorbaria sorbifolia 9 29 T P Rosaceae 4285 3836 5441 2440.93 47.46Sorbus aucuparia 894 11 T P Rosaceae 3236 2905 4626 6348.84 6.03Stellaria longipes 3 11 T P Caryophyllaceae 1194 1185 1201 0.05 0.00Stellaria media 497 65 T P Caryophyllaceae 5579 2835 7496 35757.69 29001.34Stellaria pallida 46 12 T P Caryophyllaceae 1404 1128 2164 183.21 9.33Stenothoe valida 6 19 A A Stenothoidae 3950 3823 4159 90.84 0.11Strongylura marina 35 4 A A Belonidae 6891 2908 10079 2867.10 6100.80Styela canopus 15 14 A A Styelidae 4412 4102 7679 0.12 1325.12Styela clava 45 18 A A Styelidae 4148 3900 4439 1594.62 60.30Symphoricarpos oreophilus 3 6 T P Caprifoliaceae 1256 1196 1370 0.00 13.92Symphytum officinale 24 8 T P Boraginaceae 3276 2894 4215 3.97 945.70Tamarix spp. 38 12 T P Chrysomelidae 2035 1839 3384 0.03 304.99Tanacetum vulgare 54 946 T P Asteraceae 3768 1306 4883 3374.01 15917.13Tarebia granifera 9 7 A A Thiaridae 4200 1547 9345 568.23 2963.84Tautoga onitis 2 6 A A Labridae 3879 2237 4286 531.13 0.04Thlaspi arvense 34 29 T P Brassicaceae 3383 1690 6103 4095.01 863.00Thorichthys meeki 2 7 A A Cichlidae 7841 4709 9484 0.01 1544.30Thymallus arcticus 17 112 A A Salmonidae 2359 1096 5509 1192.26 7399.56Tilapia buttikoferi 15 5 A A Cichlidae 7432 6870 8232 281.44 101.50Tilapia mariae 51 108 A A Cichlidae 9585 8101 12872 8486.67 4533.93Tilapia rendalli 26 322 A A Cichlidae 11744 4726 19993 37393.48 35290.98Tilapia zillii 91 238 A A Cichlidae 12052 6288 19098 182281.29 31576.86Tinca tinca 183 541 A A Cyprinidae 7440 5275 16821 64905.77 21933.08Trachemys scripta 20 10 T A Emydidae 3461 2216 4149 472.63 462.60Trachemys scripta elegans 58 149 A A Emydidae 3858 1054 9641 12678.59 13318.12Trachemys scripta scripta 5 6 A A Emydidae 3026 2643 3730 104.31 152.73

Trachinotus paitensis 24 3 A A Carangidae 4313 2500 5115 1649.49 616.67Tragopogon dubius 284 26 T P Asteraceae 3718 1494 6905 2682.50 50925.18Tridentiger barbatus 3 10 A A Gobiidae 10555 10350 10676 26.73 531.85Tridentiger trigonocephalus 4 22 A A Gobiidae 10419 9579 11373 587.68 1066.76Trifolium dubium 8 3 T P Fabaceae 4231 3767 5242 9255.29 3.33Triticum aestivum 30 5 T P Poaceae 3379 2014 4116 4442.39 124.62Tubastraea coccinea 6 2 A A Dendrophylliidae 1719 1666 1781 4.92 682.43Typha latifolia 104 6 T P Typhaceae 2723 1397 4095 3591.93 972.68Upeneus vittatus 18 17 A A Mullidae 10863 4949 15755 181413.71 23182.38Utricularia inflata 3 20 A P Lentibulariaceae 3873 3689 4062 2.21 9.44Valamugil engeli 6 7 A A Mugilidae 8509 3430 13076 6125.30 17711.41Valeriana officinalis 389 44 T P Caprifoliaceae 1648 1242 1911 487.07 220.08Vallisneria americana 14 39 A P Hydrocharitaceae 3794 3434 4201 129.17 12.05Valvata piscinalis 7 2 A A Valvatidae 1332 1055 1579 56.34 41.05Varanus salvator 2 14 T A Varanidae 3293 2821 3632 47.66 13.23Venerupis philippinarum 3 54 A A Veneridae 4194 3832 4369 0.01 1284.81Veronica officinalis 12 80 T P Paginaceae 3091 2870 3313 129.10 6.82Vinca major 148 32 T P Apocynaceae 3043 2275 4179 24127.10 1.41Vinca spp. 55 3 T P Apocynaceae 3426 2899 3594 261.52 0.01Viviparus georgianus 159 263 A A Viviparidae 2097 1010 3539 1177.09 4894.39Xenentodon cancila 2 58 A A Belonidae 11618 10154 13170 0.00 5908.91Xenopus laevis 46 10 A A Pipidae 3495 1527 4309 617.45 545.31Xiphophorus maculatus 58 12 A A Poeciliidae 15281 7376 18792 9966.06 46626.11Xiphophorus variatus 19 14 A A Poeciliidae 3496 2349 7820 3030.75 20348.41Zanclus cornutus 34 10 A A Zanclidae 12868 3208 18914 32178.56 250366.56Zebrasoma flavescens 7 8 A A Acanthuridae 12516 8308 15789 15013.38 22696.71Zebrasoma veliferum 8 17 A A Acanthuridae 13791 12022 15773 95932.98 25738.23Zebrasoma xanthurum 4 4 A A Acanthuridae 12144 10724 13892 1375.16 0.00Zoobotryon verticillatum 2 10 A A Vesiculariidae 4063 3891 4239 24.54 0.16

Table A2 Variable weightings by group and taxa. Column headings are variable group (VG), species type (ST), Bioclim variables 1 through 19 (B1:B19), altitude (ALT), and NDVI (Veg). Bioclim variables are annual mean temperature (B1), mean diurnal range (B2), isothermality (B3), temperature seasonality (B4), max temperature of warmest month (B5), min temperature of coldest month (B6), temperature annual range (B7), mean temperature of wettest quarter (B8), mean temperature of driest quarter (B9), mean temperature of warmest quarter (B10), mean temperature of coldest quarter (B11), annual precipitation (B12), precipitation of wettest month (B13), precipitation of driest month (B14), precipitation seasonality (B15), precipitation of wettest quarter (B16), precipitation of driest quarter (B17), precipitation of warmest quarter (B18), precipitation of coldest quarter (B19). Species types are terrestrial animal (TA), terrestrial plant (TP), aquatic (Aq), aquatic animal (AA), and aquatic plant (AP). All weightings are relative. Missing values indicate that a variable was not tested in that variable group.

VG ST B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 Alt Veg1 TA 0.145 0.089 0.077 0.132

TP 0.073 0.133 0.137 0.107

Aq 0.095 0.045 0.066 0.058

2 TA 0.116 0.132 0.137 0.105

TP 0.166 0.263 0.137 0.189

Aq 0.089 0.11 0.078 0.079

3 TA 0.099 0.095 0.039 0.116 0.052 0.061 0.072 0.052

0.051 0.042 0.032 0.132 0.059 0.137 0.068 0.055 0.051 0.061 0.066 0.105 0.235

TP 0.166 .0018 0.0018 .263 0.128 0.137 0.021 0.029

0.022 0.09 0.021 0.105 0.009 0.064 0.089 0.071 0.119 0.079 0.118 0.189 0.168

Aq 0.023 0.063 0.054 0.089 0.028 0.039 0.069 0.032

0.046 0.014 0.024 0.057 0.051 0.110 0.078 0.067 0.017 0.033 0.036 0.079 0.279

4 TA 0.268 0.242 0.234 0.256

TP 0.278 0.257 0.195 0.290

AA 0.262 0.249 0.230 0.258

AP 0.277 0.220 0.247 0.256

Table A3 Environmental variable correlation matrix generated using data for all 500,000 pseudo-absence sites. Variables are Bioclim variables 1 through 19 (B1:B19), altitude (ALT), and NDVI (Veg). Bioclim variables are annual mean temperature (B1), mean diurnal range (B2), isothermality (B3), temperature seasonality (B4), max temperature of warmest month (B5), min temperature of coldest month (B6), temperature annual range (B7), mean temperature of wettest quarter (B8), mean temperature of driest quarter (B9), mean temperature of warmest quarter (B10), mean temperature of coldest quarter (B11), annual precipitation (B12), precipitation of wettest month (B13), precipitation of driest month (B14), precipitation seasonality (B15), precipitation of wettest quarter (B16), precipitation of driest quarter (B17), precipitation of warmest quarter (B18), precipitation of coldest quarter (B19).

ALT B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 NDVI

ALT 1.000 0.171 0.237 0.035 0.049 0.277 0.131 0.002 0.317 0.087 0.309 0.105 0.099 0.071 0.094 0.181 0.071 0.095 0.024 0.104 0.199

B1 0.171 1.000 0.448 0.833 0.849 0.880 0.969 0.764 0.784 0.937 0.926 0.981 0.363 0.439 0.051 0.341 0.428 0.078 0.190 0.242 0.252

B2 0.237 0.448 1.000 0.331 0.170 0.657 0.284 0.041 0.448 0.375 0.556 0.358 0.312 0.170 0.412 0.500 0.190 0.412 0.271 0.288 0.059

B3 0.035 0.833 0.331 1.000 0.893 0.586 0.882 0.838 0.618 0.799 0.638 0.885 0.556 0.569 0.223 0.256 0.570 0.256 0.333 0.428 0.272

B4 0.049 0.849 0.170 0.893 1.000 0.511 0.943 0.974 0.502 0.867 0.589 0.935 0.544 0.558 0.242 0.176 0.559 0.271 0.321 0.398 0.238

B5 0.277 0.880 0.657 0.586 0.511 1.000 0.746 0.375 0.807 0.779 0.986 0.778 0.075 0.192 0.166 0.409 0.173 0.150 0.038 0.029 0.176

B6 0.131 0.969 0.284 0.882 0.943 0.746 1.000 0.897 0.680 0.947 0.814 0.996 0.476 0.513 0.167 0.241 0.508 0.197 0.257 0.353 0.263

B7 0.002 0.764 0.041 0.838 0.974 0.375 0.897 1.000 0.411 0.801 0.479 0.870 0.612 0.587 0.343 0.064 0.593 0.373 0.383 0.472 0.249

B8 0.317 0.784 0.448 0.618 0.502 0.807 0.680 0.411 1.000 0.569 0.835 0.707 0.235 0.357 0.074 0.430 0.338 0.054 0.230 0.056 0.294

B9 0.087 0.937 0.375 0.799 0.867 0.779 0.947 0.801 0.569 1.000 0.823 0.948 0.357 0.394 0.103 0.236 0.388 0.129 0.118 0.301 0.176

B10 0.309 0.926 0.556 0.638 0.589 0.986 0.814 0.479 0.835 0.823 1.000 0.837 0.168 0.273 0.091 0.388 0.256 0.072 0.050 0.095 0.208

B11 0.105 0.981 0.358 0.885 0.935 0.778 0.996 0.870 0.707 0.948 0.837 1.000 0.441 0.497 0.122 0.291 0.490 0.150 0.238 0.311 0.248

B12 0.099 0.363 0.312 0.556 0.544 0.075 0.476 0.612 0.235 0.357 0.168 0.441 1.000 0.896 0.710 0.194 0.921 0.745 0.793 0.752 0.481

B13 0.071 0.439 0.170 0.569 0.558 0.192 0.513 0.587 0.357 0.394 0.273 0.497 0.896 1.000 0.393 0.120 0.993 0.430 0.741 0.580 0.409

B14 0.094 0.051 0.412 0.223 0.242 0.166 0.167 0.343 0.074 0.103 0.091 0.122 0.710 0.393 1.000 0.527 0.429 0.994 0.555 0.672 0.313

B15 0.181 0.341 0.500 0.256 0.176 0.409 0.241 0.064 0.430 0.236 0.388 0.291 0.194 0.120 0.527 1.000 0.075 0.527 0.124 0.289 0.254

B16 0.071 0.428 0.190 0.570 0.559 0.173 0.508 0.593 0.338 0.388 0.256 0.490 0.921 0.993 0.429 0.075 1.000 0.466 0.759 0.606 0.430

B17 0.095 0.078 0.412 0.256 0.271 0.150 0.197 0.373 0.054 0.129 0.072 0.150 0.745 0.430 0.994 0.527 0.466 1.000 0.578 0.699 0.334

B18 0.024 0.190 0.271 0.333 0.321 0.038 0.257 0.383 0.230 0.118 0.050 0.238 0.793 0.741 0.555 0.124 0.759 0.578 1.000 0.366 0.449

B19 0.104 0.242 0.288 0.428 0.398 0.029 0.353 0.472 0.056 0.301 0.095 0.311 0.752 0.580 0.672 0.289 0.606 0.699 0.366 1.000 0.326

NDVI 0.199 0.252 0.059 0.272 0.238 0.176 0.263 0.249 0.294 0.176 0.208 0.248 0.481 0.409 0.313 0.254 0.430 0.334 0.449 0.326 1.000