Mock #3

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Which scenario represents a subsistence farmer?a. Kona lives on a family farm, growing food to

support his familyb. Leila grows soybeans on 15 acres of land that

she rentsc. Juan grows plants in his back yard to provide

cash for buying foodd. Jin Min grows lettuce that can be bartered for

pease. Jimmy grows corn for a multi-national

corporation

2. Which of the following is NOT a result of farm subsidies?a. excess use of fertilizersb. higher food pricesc. reduction of groundwater aquifersd. a reduction in crop rotatione. more healthy food choices

3. Why do pests become resistant to chemical pesticides?a. nitrification: exposure to pesticides gives the

pest new survival abilitiesb. evolution: the weaker pests are killed, while the

resistant ones survive to reproducec. bioaccumulation: the larger the pest, the more

pesticide in its bodyd. magnification: the pests adapt to the pesticide

and use it as a food sourcee. energy flow: 10% of the energy from produces

are passed on to the insect that eats it

4. The B horizon is sometimes referred to as thea. zone of accumulationb. zone of leachingc. parent materiald. topsoile. humus

55.In the year 2010, a country had a population of 10 million people, a birth rate of 7.2%, and a death rate of 2.2%. If the birth and death rates remain constant, the population will be close to 40 million people ina. 2015b. 2024c. 2028d. 2032e. 2038

6. Which of the following problems can be best addressed with contour plowing?a. the failure of terracingb. the excessive use of pesticidesc. soil erosiond. waterlogginge. soil salinization

7. Which of the following is a feature of integrated pest management?a. it makes use of the natural enemies of pestsb. it makes effective use of disease transfer

organismsc. it relies on the use of intermittent groundwater

pumping stationsd. it requires intense cultivation of marginal lande. it is most effective on land within 100 miles of

the coast

8. Irrigation of farmland refers to which of the following?a. the artificial addition of fertilizersb. the spraying of pesticidesc. the crossing of one or more varieties of a

species to produce a hybrid offspring with particular desired quantities

d. the artificial addition of watere. the growing of plants in a nutrient-rich solution

9. Which of the following is the best description of hydroponics?a. monocultures that satisfy the per capita food

demand of a nationb. the growing of plants in a fertilized water

solution on an artificial substratec. the application of water and fertilizer to the soil

from tubes that spray this mixture in the form of a fine mist

d. fish farming making use of treated sewagee. anthropogenic crop cultures

10. Where is overnutrition most common today?a. in developing nations of Central Africab. In the tropical nations of Asiac. In Pacific and Indian Ocean island nationsd. In mountainous nations of South Americae. In developed nations of Europe and North

America

11. A country in stage 3 of demographic transition would be characterized bya. high birth rates and low death ratesb. rapidly growing populationc. high birth rates and high death ratesd. low birth rates and high death ratese. negative population growth

12. During a growing season, a farmer grows a crop that returns nitrogen to the soil in the same field with a plant that requires a lot of nitrogen. This would be an example of a. strip cuttingb. agroforestryc. intercropping (polyculture)d. crop rotatione. monoculture

13. If a population of 100,000 experiences 2,000 births, 1,600 deaths, 200 immigrants, and 100 emigrants in the course of a year, what is its net annual percentage growth rate?a. 0.3%b. 0.0003%c. 0.5%d. 0.005%e. 1.0%

14. Which statement best illustrates why replacement level fertility in developing countries is 2.5 and in developed countries it is 2.1?a. developing nations are still in transitional

demographic growth where total fertility levels are high

b. developed nations are in stage 3 demographic growth where fertility level is stable

c. fertility in developing countries is higher due to lack of education and contraceptive devices

d. developing nations will have more children die before reaching reproductive age

e. developing nations have a higher population therefore will have a higher replacement level fertility

15. The annual growth rate of the US population is 1.0% and if it continues to grow at this rate for one year, how many people would be added? (There are approximately 300 million people in the US)a. 3 x 103

b. 3 x 104

c. 3 x 106

d. 3 x 108

e. 3 x 109

16. Producing staple crops such as corn or rice, in hilly regions suffering from topsoil loss due to erosion would benefit most from using which of the following agricultural practices?a. plantation croppingb. intensive subsistence farmingc. industrial monocultured. terracinge. slash and burn agriculture

17. A farmer is struggling with a low plant yield. A soil test reveals his soil has a pH of 4.5. In order to increase crop yield the pH needs to be around 6.5. Which soil amendment should be added to the field?a. limeb. water-soluble compoundsc. phosphatesd. composte. humus

18. Area of the world with the largest percentage of global populationa. North Americab. South Americac. Africad. Europee. Asia

19. Area of the world that consumes a large amount of global resources per capitaa. North Americab. South Americac. Africad. Europee. Asia

20. The population of a country is 6 million in 2010 and growing at a rate of 1.4% each year. If the rate of population growth remains constant, the population will reach 24 million ina. 2045b. 2050c. 2060d. 2080e. 2110

21. It is determined that a soil sample is composed of 27% silt, 45% clay, and 28% sand. According to the soil triangle, which of the following is the soil texture of the soil?

a. silty clay loam d. sandy loamb. silt loam e. loamy sandc. clay

22. A diet deficient in this nutrient may lead to goitera. iodineb. ironc. proteind. vitamin De. vitamin A

23. Of the following, the factor that is most directly responsible for the growth of the human population in the past 100 years isa. increased numbers of women working outside

the homeb. improved birth controlc. improved medical care and sanitationd. increased urbanizatione. increased immigration

24. Which of the following is used to determine soil texture?a. the water contentb. the decomposition rate of organic materialc. the relative proportions of different particle

sizesd. the topsoil compositione. the dominant type of humus

25. Country B has a crude birth rate of 12 and a population growth rate of 0.3%. What is the crude death rate of Country B?a. 11.7b. 9.5c. 5.85d. 9

e. 12.3

26. Which of the following has the greatest permeability?a. siltb. sandc. humusd. loame. clay

27. Which of the following is true of the production of ammonium nitrate fertilizer?a. it artificially completes the assimilation step of

the nitrogen cycle and requires large inputs of fossil fuels

b. it artificially completes the nitrogen fixation step of the nitrogen cycle and requires large input of fossil fuels

c. it artificially completes the denitrification step of the nitrogen cycle and requires small inputs of fossil fuels

d. it artificially completes the fixation step of the nitrogen cycle and requires small inputs of fossil fuels

e. it artificially completes the fixation step of the nitrogen cycle and requires large inputs of fossil fuels

28. The government of which country has instituted a one child policy as a means of keeping the population growth in check?a. Iranb. Chinac. Thailandd. Kenyae. India

29.Use the graph above. During which stage of the demographic transition shown above does a population begin to experience an explosive increase in growth?a. Stage 1b. Stage 2

c. Stage 3d. Stage 4e. After stage 4

30. What future concerns are there for a country with a pyramid-shaped age structure diagram such as this?

a. this country has a steady population and nothing will change in the future

b. this country will have abundant resources due to a smaller population

c. this country will need to import workers as there will not be enough available

d. this country’s population will rapidly declinee. this country will need more schools, hospitals,

roads, housing, and food

31. The land area that delivers recharge to smaller tributary streams that flow into larger rivers is known asa. watershedb. source zonec. flood plaind. deltae. estuary

32. Marine biologists have found that increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are lowering ocean pH, a condition known as ocean acidification. This also causes a decrease in the concentration of calcium carbonate ions. If this rise were to continue it would have a devastating impact on coral ecosystems becausea. it would cause a decline in the endosymbiotic

algae the coral depend onb. it would decrease the ability of the corals to

form their exoskeletonc. it would increase the amount of dissolved

oxygen beyond the range of tolerance of the coral

d. it would increase the turbidity of the water beyond the corals’ range of tolerance

e. it would decrease the number of crustaceans that act as keystone species in the coral reef ecosystem

33. Shallow lake zone that supports an abundance of emergent and submergent vegetationa. bathylb. euphoticc. littorald. limnetice. abyssal

34. Excessive inputs of nitrogen have been known to cause explosive growth of toxic microscopic algae that can poison fish and marine mammals. This outbreak is also known asa. oxygen demanding wasteb. sedimentationc. a red tided. biomagnificatione. cultural euptrophication

35. The project started by Wangari Maathai in Kenya to re-plant native trees to decrease soil erosion and improve the quality of lives by providing renewable fuelwood sources is known asa. Kyoto Protocolb. Greenbelt Movementc. Healthy Forests Initiatived. Reclamation and Recovery Acte. Rangeland Improvement Act

36. Overgrazing of riparian land near streambanks by livestock can lead toa. changes in local climate from increasing

transpiration ratesb. decreases in water temperature in the streamsc. reduction in GPP by phytoplankton from

decreased water clarityd. increasing DO contente. large amounts of nitrates and phosphates being

removed prior to entering streams

37. Which statement best illustrates why most species are currently becoming endangered due to human activity?a. acidification of ocean water is depleting

biodiversity hotspots such as coral reef ecosystems

b. habitat fragmentation and loss are depleting available niche space for species

c. eutrophication in major global lakes and estuary systems is depleting most aquatic species

d. increasing global temperatures are changing

abiotic factors past the range of tolerance for many species

e. genetically modified food crops’ genes have spread to wild populations

38. Which of the following is true of oligotrophic lakes?a. They have high nutrient levels and low

productivityb. they have low nutrient levels and low

productivityc. they have high nutrient levels and high

productivityd. they have low nutrient levels and high

productivitye. they have unpredictable nutrient levels and

productivity

39. Which of the following practices is most damaging to species of coral?a. pelagic whalingb. long line fishingc. purse seine fishingd. deep sea aquaculturee. bottom trawling

40. Which of the following occurs during an ENSO event?a. the north to south arctic winds reverse directionb. upwelling of warm nutrient rich water in the

south Pacificc. the east to west Pacific trade winds strengthend. the east to west Pacific trade winds reverse

directione. upwelling of cold nutrient rich water off the

west coast of South America

41. Which of the following is an example of a density-independent population control?a. infectious diseaseb. habitat destructionc. parasitismd. predatione. competition for resources

42. Which of the following sequences of secondary succession would be likely to occur in abandoned farmland in the eastern US?a. bare soil, lichens, mosses, grasses, shrubs, and

sunlight tolerant speciesb. bare soil, grasses, shrubs, shade-tolerant

species, sunlight- tolerant species

c. bare soil, grasses, shrubs, sunlight- tolerant species, shade-tolerant species

d. bare rock, grasses, lichens, mosses, coniferous trees

e. bare rock, lichens, mosses, grass, shrubs, sunlight-tolerant trees, shade-tolerant trees

43. In the coniferous forests of Oregon, eight species of woodpeckers coexist. Four species select their nesting sites based on tree diameter. The fifth species nests only in fir trees that have been dead for at least 10 years. The sixth species also nests in fir trees, but only in live or recently dead trees. The two remaining species nest in pine trees, but each selects trees of different sizes. This pattern is an example ofa. resource partitioningb. commensalismc. true predationd. predator-mediated competitione. a keystone species

44. The approximate percentage of energy passed from one trophic level to the next in a food chain isa. 10%b. 20%c. 40%d. 50%e. 90%

45. Which of the following indicates that the carrying capacity of the environment has been reached?a. mule deer are the favorite prey of mountain

lionsb. salmon die after they spawn upstreamc. Canada geese migrate in the falld. the population of black bears remain constante. the lynx population quickly increases over a 3

year period

46. Which of the following is correct concerning r-selected species characteristics?a. short life spansb. little to no parental carec. produce fewer, larger offspringd. A and B onlye. A, B and C

47. Much of the current tropical forest biomes are experiencing a rapid rate of decreasing forest cover due to logging and conversion of forests to agricultural lands. Scientists estimate, if this trend continues, that the loss of forested land woulda. increase the concentration of water vapor in the

air due to increased transpirationb. cause a decrease in soil erosion in those areas

being forestedc. increase the amount of biodiversity in that aread. increase the amount of total CO2 in the

atmospheree. decrease the available nitrogen since

decomposition rates would be at its greatest

48. Many legume plants have specialized fungi, known as mycorrhizae, living in their roots providing inorganic nutrients such as phosphates and nitrates. The fungus gains valuable nutrients from the roots of the plants. This relationship is an example ofa. mutualismb. commensalismc. parasitismd. predatione. competition

49. Environmental degradation isa. a type of pollution which cannot be broken

down in the environmentb. harmful materials which can be broken down in

natural systemsc. when we exceed or compromise a renewable

resource’s natural replacement rate, the available supply shrinks

d. a type of environmental ethic in which human needs and intelligence allow us to use resources as we wish

e. a system of measurement used by environmental scientists to rate the health of a specific ecosystem

50. In any energy transformation, some energy is always degraded to low quality energy. This principle is stated in the

a. second law of thermodynamicsb. second law of enthalpyc. first law of entropyd. first law of thermodynamics

e. third law of thermodynamics

Mock #3Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: ACh 12

Correction: Compare/contrast subsistence and industrialized farming.

PTS: 12. ANS: B

Ch 12

Correction: Define government subsidies?

PTS: 13. ANS: B

Ch 12

Correction: What does a farmer do instead of using chemical pesticides? (Think IPM)

PTS: 14. ANS: A

Ch 12

Correction: The A horizon is referred to as the zone of ______________.

PTS: 15. ANS: E

Growth Rate= 7.2% - 2.2%Growth Rate = 5%

Doubling Time= 70/5Doubling Time= 14 years

2010 + 14 years= 2024 the population will be 20 million2024 + 14 years= 2038 the population will be 40 million

Ch 6

Correction: In the year 2010, a country had a population of 5 million people, a birth rate of 6%, and a death rate of 1%. If the birth and death rates remain constant, the population will be close to 20 million people in what year?

PTS: 16. ANS: C

Ch 12

Correction: How does contour plowing help with soil erosion?

PTS: 17. ANS: A

Ch 12

Correction: Name 2 other strategies of IPM.

PTS: 18. ANS: D

Ch 12

Correction: What could be the source of irrigation water?

PTS: 19. ANS: B

Ch 12

Correction: Name 1 benefit of hydroponics agriculture.

PTS: 110. ANS: E

Ch 6

Correction: Name 2 health problems associated with overnutrition in these developed countries.

PTS: 111. ANS: A

Ch 6

Correction: Describe the difference between stage 3 and stage 4 of the DTM.

PTS: 112. ANS: C

Ch 12

Correction: Define polyculture. Name and define 1 other solution a farmer can do to restore soil quality.

PTS: 113. ANS: C

Ch 6

Correction: Repeat this problem and show all work.If a population of 100,000 experiences 2,000 births, 1,600 deaths, 200 immigrants, and 100 emigrants in the course of a year, what is its net annual percentage growth rate?

PTS: 114. ANS: D

Ch 6

Correction: Why do developing nations have a higher infant mortality rate?

PTS: 115. ANS: C

Ch 6

Correction: Repeat this question, but show all work.The annual growth rate of the US population is 1.0% and if it continues to grow at this rate for one year, how many people would be added? (There are approximately 300 million people in the US)

PTS: 116. ANS: D

Ch 12

Correction: Define terracing.

PTS: 117. ANS: A

Ch 12

Correction: pH is a _____________ (physical or chemical) test. Tell three people that limestone can be added to soil to neuralize soil acidity.

PTS: 118. ANS: E

Ch 6

Correction: Name the 3 most populous countries in order.

PTS: 119. ANS: A

Ch 6

Correction: Name 3 resources that North America uses heavily.

PTS: 120. ANS: E

70/ 1.4 = 50 years

It will need to double twice to go from 6 million to 24 million, therefore 2010 + (50 x 2)= 2110

Ch 6

Correction: The population of a country is 10 million in 2010 and growing at a rate of 2% each year. If the rate of population growth remains constant, the population will reach 80 million in

PTS: 121. ANS: C

Ch 12

Correction: Determine the soil texture from the following composition: 50% silt, 20% clay, and 30% sand.

PTS: 122. ANS: A

Ch 12

Correction: A diet that is low in Vitamin can lead to _____________________. A diet that is low in iron can lead to ________________. A diet that is low in protein can lead to ________________.

PTS: 123. ANS: C

Ch 6

Correction: Explain how improved medical care and sanitation cause growth in human population size.

PTS: 124. ANS: C

Ch 12

Correction: What are the 3 types of soils that make up the soil triangle?

PTS: 125. ANS: D

Ch 6

Correction: Country C has a crude death rate of 11 and a population growth rate of 1.1%. What is the crude birth rate?

PTS: 126. ANS: B

Ch 12

Correction: Define permeability. Which has the greatest particle size- sand, silt, or clay?

PTS: 127. ANS: E

Ch 12

Correction: A plant that is genetically modified to fix nitrogen at a faster rate will need less _____________________.

PTS: 128. ANS: B

Ch 6

Correction: Explain how China’s One Child Policy works.

PTS: 129. ANS: B

Ch 6

Correction: Explain why stage 2 is seeing a huge increase in growth.

PTS: 130. ANS: E

Ch 6

Correction: Name and describe a country who’s age structure pyramid looks like this.

PTS: 131. ANS: A

Ch 8

Correction: What can be done to protect watersheds?

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 832. ANS: B

Ch 8

Correction: Is ocean acidification a positive or negative feedback loop? Explain your answer.

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 833. ANS: C

Ch 8

Correction: Draw a lake and label all zones of the lake ecosystem.

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 834. ANS: E

Ch 8

Correction: List the steps of cultural eutrophication.

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 835. ANS: B

Ch 10

Correction: Describe TWO ECONOMIC services provided by trees.

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 1036. ANS: C

Ch 8

Correction: Explain how the riparian zone helps protect streams and rivers.

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 837. ANS: B

Ch 9

Correction: What does HIPPCO help us remember?

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 938. ANS: B

Ch 8

Correction: Describe the difference between an oligotrophic and euphotic lake.

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 839. ANS: E

Ch 8

Correction: Explain how bottom trawling works.

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 840. ANS: D

Ch 7

Correction: During El Nino, what is the weather like on the west coast of South America? What is the weather like in Australia and Indonesia?

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 741. ANS: B

CH 5Correction: Explain why habitat destruction does not depend on the density of the population.

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 542. ANS: C

CH 5Correction: Why is this NOT an example of primary succession?

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 543. ANS: A

CH 5Correction: Explain how this scenario applies to the Competitive Exclusion Principle.

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 544. ANS: A

CH 3

Correction: If 10% is passed on to each trophic level, then ____% is lost as ________.

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 345. ANS: D

CH 5

Correction: Sketch a logistical growth graph and label carrying capacity.

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 546. ANS: D

CH 5

Correction: Give an example of an r-selected species and describe why it is r-selected.

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 547. ANS: D

CH 3

Correction: What is the problem with too much CO2 in the atmosphere?

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 348. ANS: A

CH 4

Correction: Define mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

PTS: 1 LOC: Ch 449. ANS: C

CH 1Correction: Give a specific example of environmental degredation.

PTS: 1 LOC: CH 150. ANS: A

CH 2Correction: Write out the definition for the second law of thermodynamics 3 times.

PTS: 1 LOC: CH 2