Limited Monarchy in England

• Parliament had placed limits on the king's power beginning with King John and the Magna Carta.

• Parliament is a legislative body composed of: House of Lords

House of Commons

James I (1603-1625)

James believed in the "Divine Right" of kings

(i.e. absolute monarch) and clashed with

Parliament.

• Religion– James opposed Puritan's demands for self

rule and their efforts to "purify" the Anglican Church.

• Money– James constantly needed money. Parliament

refused to approve new taxes unless he accepted its wishes on religious matters.

• Foreign Policy – James made peace with Spain and he did not

support Protestants in religious wars in Europe.

Charles I (1625-1649)

Believed in the "Divine Right" of kings.

Parliament refused to give Charles enough

money.

• Charles dismissed Parliament

• Demanded loans from individuals

• Imprisoned anyone who refused to pay

1628• Charles needed money and was forced to call

Parliament. Parliament forces Charles to sign the "Petition of Right" to get his money.

– could not collect forced loans– could not imprison anyone without just cause– could not house soldiers in private homes without consent of

owner.

Charles dismissed Parliament (after he

got his money) for 11 years and ignored

the Petition of Right.

Long Parliament (1640-1660)

• Charles is forced to call Parliament (for a war with Scotland)

• Parliament passed the Triennial Act –

• King had to call Parliament at least once every three years.

English Civil War (1642-1649)

Cavaliers - supporters of the KingRoundheads - supporters of Parliament

Causes of the English Civil War• Conflict Between Charles I and Parliament• Parliament abolished Special Courts of Charles• Parliament condemned Charles as a tyrant• Charles arrested five members of Parliament

Results of the English Civil War• Roundheads win• Charles I arrested - tried - executed• Monarchy is abolished - Republic is established

English Commonwealth (1649-1660)

• Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector) - dissolved Parliament and ruled as a dictator (1653-1658)

• Depended on the army to rule

• Imposed strict Puritan rules

Restoration of Charles II (1660-1685)

• After Cromwell's death, Long Parliament

reconvened and asked Charles I's son, Charles II,

to return to England as King. Charles II agreed to:– respect Magna Carta– respect the Petition of Right

• Charles II was very careful in his dealings with Parliament– emergence of two political parties

• Whigs - Parliament

• Tories - King

– Test Act - to hold public office, you had to be a member of the Anglican Church

– Habeas Corpus Act - could not imprison someone with out a trial

James II (1685-1688)Glorious Revolution

Causes: • James II angered Parliament by ignoring the Test Act• Parliament was afraid James' Catholic son would inherit

the throne

Results:• Parliament invited William and Mary to take the throne• Bill of Rights accepted by the monarchy• Limited monarchy established• Act of Settlement - only Anglicans could inherit the

throne• Bill of Rights - made Parliament stronger than the King