Lilin Cctv Course

1

Contents

Preface

SI units of measurement

The basic units

Derived units

Metric Prefixes

Basic Terms and Concepts

Light

Optics in CCTV

The very basics of television

CCTV Equipment Basics

Video collection

Signal Transmission Media

Video management

CCTV Cameras

Camera Categories

Understanding camera types

Understanding camera specifications

Camera power supplies

LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin Day/Night Cameras

LiLin Dome Cameras

LiLin IR Cameras

LiLin USA Training

2

Contents

LiLin PTZ Cameras

LiLin IP PTZ Cameras

LiLin IP Cameras

CCTV Monitors

General about Monitors

Monitor Sizes

Monitor Adjustment

Analog & Digital Signal/Device

Video Processing equipment

Analog switching equipment

Video sequential switchers

Video matrix switchers(VMSs)

Switching and processing equipment

Quad compressors

Multiplexers (MUX)

DVR (Digital Video Recorder) Concept

DVR Hardware Layout

DVR Storage(HDDs) Analysis Diagram

HDD Capacity Formula

CCTV System Transmission Media

Video Cable

Data Cable

Power CableLiLin USA Training

3LiLin USA Training

Contents

Network concepts and components

Network concepts and components

Networking software

The internet protocol

CCTV Accessories

Camera housing

Pan/Tilt Scanner and Controller

Video amplifiers/equalizers

Video distribution amplifiers(VDAs)

Protocol converter

Data Distributor

Appendix A

RS-232, RS-422 and RS-485 Description

Appendix B

IP PTZ Camera -PIH-7XXXNLIP

Appendix C

RS-232/RS-485 Data Converter and 7000SP Protocol Converter

Appendix D

PIH-804 Diagram

4

Contents

Appendix E

Star connection with Keyboard

Appendix F

Lilin PTZ camera works with PE DVR

Appendix G

PIH-800II connection

Appendix H

LILin PTZ camera with Converter connection

5

LiLin USA Training

Preface

Closed Circuit Television, commonly known as CCTV, is an

interesting area of television technology. It is usually used in

surveillance systems, but a lot of Components and concepts can be

implemented in an industrial production monitoring System, or

equally, in a hospital or university environment.

This training material is designed to be a valuable tool for

security professionals (CCTV sales).

For security equipment sales personnel, this training material should

provide a better knowledge of the customer’s needs, as well as an

understanding of their point of view and requirements.

It should also give the security sales the knowledge to discuss the

system, features desired, and areas of concern of the customers and

service organizations.

This training material should help the sales person determine

exactly what questions they should be asking the customer and what

the responses mean. It should show them what choices to give in

order to help ensure that the customer is satisfied with the system

and meeting the customer’s specifications.

6

SI units of measurement

In physics, which Electronics and Television are a part of, the

International System of Units, known as SI (from French Systeme

Internationale),is used.

Unit Symbol Measures

Meter [M] length

Kilogram [kg] mass

Second [s] time

Ampere [A] electric current

Kelvin [K] temperature

Candela [cd] luminous intensity

Mole [mol] amount of substance

The basic units

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7

Derived units

Quantity Unit Symbol/Definition

Area Square meter m²

Volume Cubic meter m³

Velocity Meter per second m/s

Acceleration Meter per second per second m/s²

Frequency Hertz Hz=1/s

Density Kilograms per cubic meter kg/m³

Force Newton N= kg.m/s²

Pressure Pascal Pa=kg/m.s²

Torque Newton meter T=N.m

Energy,work Joule J=N.m

Power Watt W=J/s

Electric Charge Coulomb C=A.s

Electric potential Volt V=Ώ/A

Electric resistance Ohm Ώ=V/A

Electric Capacitance Farad F=C/V

Conductance Siemens S=A/V

Illumination Lux 1x=1m/m²

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8LiLin USA Training

Metric prefixes

Prefix Multiple Symbol

exa - 10^18 E

peta- 10^ 15 P

tera- 10^ 12 T

giga- 10^9 G

mega- 10^6 M

kilo- 10^3 K

hecto- 10^2 h

deca- 10 D

unity 10^0=1

deci- 10^ -1 d

centi- 10^ -2 c

milli- 10^-3 m

micro- 10^-6

A very common unit used these days in CCTV when handling hard disk drives is

gigabytes(GB). One gigabyte is equal to thousand of megabytes, or a million of

kilobytes. The correct value for binary 1GB megabytes is 1024MB(which is 2^10),

and the correct binary value for 1 MB is 1024 KB. So when a 300GB hard disk is

installed in a computer, the operating system reports 279GB. This is the real binary

value.

9LiLin USA Training


Light

Light is an electromagnetic radiation.

Light Units-Lux [lx]

Light unit for measuring illumination. It is defined as the

illumination of a surface when the luminous flux of 1 lumen

falls on an area of 1m². It is also known as lumen per square

meter, or meter-candelas.

Typical levels of illumination

Light sources

Two major light sources:

Primary sources (the sun, street lights, tungsten lights, monitor

CRTs

Secondary sources (all objects that do not generate light but

reflect it)

Dark

Cloudy

night

Clear

Night

Without

moon

Young

moon

Full

moon

Street

lighting

Home or

Office

lighting

Overcast

sky

sunny

With some

clouds sunny

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1-10 100-1000 100-

10,000

10,000-

100,000100,000

Lux

10LiLin USA Training


Color Temperature

Color temperature refers to the temperature to which an imaginary perfectly

black body is heated and consequently produces light.

Example:

500w tungsten=>3200°K(approximately 27 lumens/watt)

200w tungsten=>2980°K(approximately 17.5 lumens/watt)

75w tungsten=>2820°K(approximately 15.4 lumens/watt)

F –Number

In lenses with adjustable irises, the maximum iris opening is expressed as a

ratio (focal length of the lens)/(maximum diameter of aperture). This

maximum iris will be engraved on the front ring of the lens.

Example:

1.4;2;2.8;4;5.6;8;ect.

Every next higher F-number transmits half the amount of light of the

previous F-number.

Depth of field

Practically, objects slightly in front of and behind the object in focus will

also appear sharp. This “extra” depth of sharpness is called Depth of Field.

Manual Iris-MI

Manual iris lenses adjust the iris manual(that is by hand).



Auto iris-AI

Auto iris lenses have electronic circuitry that processes the video signal coming

out of the camera and decides on the basis of the video signal level, whether the

iris should open or close.

Auto iris works as automatic electronic-optical feedback. If video signal is low, the

electronics tells the iris to open, and if it is too high, it tells to close.

Video- and DC-driven auto lenses

Where the electronics are built inside the lens itself and which we call video-

driven AI lenses.(since they require a video signal from the camera). the

processing electronics are not inside the lens but rather inside the camera, this AI

lens can be called DC-driven AI lenses.

Angles of view

There are some very basic rules to follow when analyzing the angles of view:

•The shorter the focal length, the wider the angle of view is.

•The longer the focal length , the narrower the angle of view is.

•The smaller the CCD chip, the narrower the angle of view(with the same lens) is.

•The vertical angle of view can be easily determined if the horizontal is known.

Standard lenses for a 30° horizontal angle of view:

1”=25mm

2/3”=16mm

1/2”=12mm

1/3”=8mme

1/4”=6mm



Field of View

The FOV is the horizontal or vertical scene size at a given length from the

camera to the subject. An important aspect that must be considered before

choosing a camera lens is the field of view (FOV), or the actual area that the

camera is expected to "see."

Below is table that shows the width and the height of the FOV on a 1/3”

format camera and lens.



Fixed focal length lenses

Fixed focal length lenses are designed with a fixed focal length, that is,

giving only one angle of view.

Variable focal length lenses

Vari-focal lenses can be clasified as manually adjustable fixed focal lenses.

Zoom lenses

The most popular zoom lenses used in CCTV:

6X six times lenses: with 6-36mm, 8-48mm, 8.5-51mm,and 12.5-75mm.

10X ten times lenses: with 6-60mm, 8-80mm, 10-100mm, 11-110mm.

15X fifteen times lenses: with 6-90mm, 8-120mm.

LiLin PTZ cameras

17X seventeen times, with 3.9-66.3mm

22X twenty two times, with 3.9-86mm

25X twenty five times, with 3.8-95mm

C-and CS mount

C-mount,represented with 17.5mm(more precisely 17.526)

CS-mount, represented with 12.5mm.


The very basics of television

PAL- Phase Alternating Line 625 TV-lines

NTSC- the National Television Systems Committee 525 TV lines

EIA- Electronics Industry Association

SECAM- Sequentiel Couleur Avec Memoire

Resolution

Resolution is the property of a system to display fine detail.

Vertical resolution

The vertical resolution is defined by the number of vertical elements that

can be captured on a camera and reproduced on a monitor screen.

Horizontal resolution

The horizontal resolution is defined by the number of horizontal elements

that can be captured a camera and reproduced on a monitor screen.

HDTV

HDTV-High-definition television

720i –1280X720 pixels interlaced 1080i-1920X1080 pixels interlaced

720p-1280X720 pixels progressive 1080p -1920X1080 pixels progressive



CCTV Equipment Basics

Camera systems often appear to be complicated; but in truth, they can be

categorized into three groups.

Signal Transmission Media: This media will receive the signal from the

camera end and send it to the video management end with lowest possible

attenuation. This media could be wired or wireless transmission.

Video management: This end will receive the signal and process it to be

viewed. A video processing unit, recording unit and a monitor construct

this end.

Video collection: This end collects the image from object and send via

the transmission media to the processing end. It is constructed from

camera, lens, power and mounting accessories.


CCTV Cameras

Camera

A camera is designed to collect the reflected light from objects around them and

then to convert them into electronic video signals that measure 1 Vpp (Volt,

peak to peak). These signals then are transported by one of many transmission

media to the monitor, where these signals are converted back to visible light in a

CCTV monitor.

Cameras could be divided into 4 categories:

Monochrome camera

Produce black and white picture

Color camera

Produce Color picture

Day/Night Camera

Color picture in a daytime light level

Monochrome picture below certain light level, automatically changed

IR (Infrared) Cameras

Color picture during the day

Monochrome picture when used with infrared illuminator

Understanding Camera Types

Board Cameras- a board camera is small camera consisting of a lens mounted

directly to a circuit board or small group of boards.

Bullet Cameras-bullet cameras use similar technology to the board cameras with

a different configuration.


CCTV Cameras

Dome cameras

Fixed Domes-a fixed dome camera means that the camera within the dome

enclosure remains in one position.

PTZ domes- fully the camera equipped pan/tilt and zoom (PTZ) domes

provide the camera system operator with the ability to move the camera left

and right(PAN) or up and down (tilt).they also allow the operator to change

the view on the camera with a zoom lens, closing in on smaller areas of the

subject field.

Full-size cameras- this type of camera is a traditional Box camera.

Network Cameras-Network cameras are the newest type of cameras in the

security industry. instead of the traditional video output from the back of

camera, this camera connects directly to a computer network.


CCTV Cameras

Understanding Camera specifications

Pickup Element-CCD

It is the electronic element that captures the image and change to electronic

signal. Obviously, the pickup element is one of the major features of the

CCTV camera. This element will affect the rest of the features of the camera

such as resolution and illumination, electronic shutter, etc

There are two basic types of pickup elements in the market, the older CRT

(cathode ray tube) type and the more recent CCD (Charged Coupled

Discharge), which all CCTV manufacturers use the later.

Illumination

Illumination is a standard measurement for light. In CCTV, minimum

illumination is the minimum amount of light necessary for the camera to

capture an acceptable image. Illumination is usually expression if fc (foot

candle) or in Lux.

.0929 fc = 1 Lux

Or simply

10 Lux = 1 fc


Synchronization

Electronic pluses that are inserted into the video signal in order to assemble the

picture correctly.

Line Lock

The ability to synchronize AC powered cameras to the same line voltage

frequency

AGC

Automatic Gain Control, an electronic circuit that amplifies the video signal

when the strength of the signal falls below a given value

BLC

Back light compensation. A function of the camera that compensates for

excessive light directed at the camera causing the video to bloom or causing the

images in front of the light to be unusable

CCTV Cameras


CCTV Cameras

ES

Electronic Shutter. CCD Iris, which eliminates the need for an Auto Iris

Lens. The CCD Iris automatically controls the light intensity by adjusting

the electronic shutter speed to mimic auto iris control.

Aperture Correction

Compensation for the loss in sharpness of detail because of the finite

dimensions of the image elements or the dot-pitch of the monitor

Auto White Balance

A feature that allows a color camera to automatically adjust its color to

sharpen white areas within the picture

SNR

Signal-to-noise ratio. The SNR relates how much stronger a signal is than the

background noise. Usually expressed in decibels (dB)


CCTV Cameras

Lenses

A basic definition of a lens is "A device that collects light from an

environment, narrowly focusing it onto either a cathode ray tube or solid-

state target."

Without the proper lens, video images cannot be focused onto the light-

sensitive target in a video camera to produce a "usable" video signal.

Among the many issues that pertain to a CCTV system, the most

important that should be considered before buying a lens are:

Format

Lenses and cameras now come in four formats: 1/3-, 1/2-, 2/3-, and 1-in.

Lens format is actually determined by the size of the opening in a camera

where the lens attaches. When the diameter of this opening measures 1/3

in., the camera is said to be a 1/3-in. formatted camera.

For proper viewing, use only a lens that is formatted the same or higher

than the camera used. For example, if the opening in a camera (camera

format) is 1/2 in., a 1/2- to 1- in. formatted lens should be used for

optimum viewing. Or, if a camera with an opening of 1 in. is used, use a

1-in. formatted lens. To do otherwise will result in the projection of only

part of the viewing area onto the target in the camera.


C and CS Mount

C and CS mount camera is the positioning of the pickup element. A C-

mount camera sets the lens at a distance of 17.526 mm away from the

pickup chip. Whereas, A CS-mount camera sets it at 12.526 mm. So there is

a 5 mm difference between the C and CS mount.

For instance CS-camera works with CS-lens, C-camera works with C-lens,

and CS-camera with C-lens if we add a 5 mm extension ring.

Iris

The iris is a small aperture through which light must pass before it can strike

the light-sensitive target inside a camera. In low light, for example, the

aperture is fully opened and in bright light, it will nearly be closed.

Fixed-Iris and Manual-Iris

Fixed-iris and manual-iris lenses can be used in situations where the light

essentially stays the same all of the time. This type of application is often

found inside of buildings where the lights never vary, no matter what time of

day it may be.

Auto-Iris Lenses

A lens with an auto-iris feature should be used in environments where the

light intensity can vary from minute by minute, hour by hour, or day by day.

This is almost a necessity in outdoor applications and where lights change

throughout the day

CCTV Cameras


CCTV Cameras

To measure the size of an aperture opening, the lens industry adopted the F-

stop measurement. The larger the F-stop number, for example, the smaller the

opening. Thus, when a camera is set to an F-stop of f-1.4, the size of the

aperture is larger than when the same lens on the same camera is adjusted to f-

8 or f-22.

In a fixed-iris lens, the aperture is set and cannot be changed. In manual- and

auto-iris lenses, however, the aperture can be changed to suit the amount of

reflective lighting in the environment.

Focal Length

The Focal Length (FL) of a lens is actually the distance from the center of the

lens to the surface of the tube or solid-state target.

As the focal length of the lens increases, the area being viewed decreases.

Focal length may be fixed (fixed field of view) or variable (variable field of

view using a zoom length).


CCTV Cameras

Camera Power Supplies

A typical CCD camera consumes between 3 and 4 W of energy. This means

that a 12V DC camera needs no more than 300mAof current supply. A 24 V

AC camera needs no more than 200mA. As the technology improves,

cameras will consume less current.


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin Day/Night CamerasPIH-8026/8046//8086/8156/8196


LiLin CCTV Cameras



LiLin CCTV Cameras



LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin Dome CamerasPIH-2126XN/2146XN/2422/2442/2522/2542/2622/2642/2226/2246/2326/2346


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin Dome Cameras


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin Dome Cameras


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin Dome Cameras


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin Dome Cameras


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin Dome Cameras


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin IR CamerasPIH-0022/0124/0144/0224/0244/0422/0442/0522/0542/0624/0644


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin IR Cameras


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin IR Cameras


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin IR Cameras


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin IR Cameras


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin IR Cameras


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin IR Cameras


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin PTZ CamerasPIH-7000NL/7600NL/7625NL


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin PTZ Cameras


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin WDR PTZ CamerasPIH-7625DN/7625DWN


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin WDR PTZ Cameras


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin IP PTZ CamerasPIH-7000NlIP/7600NLIP/7625/NLIP


LiLin CCTV Cameras

LiLin IP CamerasPIH-1000SN


CCTV Monitors

General about MonitorsCRT CCTV monitors Cathode Ray Tube technology

LCD CCTV monitors Liquid Crystal Display

Monitor Sizes

Monitors are referred to by their diagonal screen size,

Which is usually expressed in inches.

Example:

15” CCTV monitor

17” CCTV monitor

Monitor Adjustments

CCTV monitors usually have four adjustments at the front of

the unit:

Horizontal hold

Vertical hold

Contrast

Brightness

48

Analog signal & Digital Signal

Analog Device & Digital Device

-Analog Device processing analog signal (AC or series signal)

-5V -5V

+5V+3V

-

3

V

Example: VCR

Video Cassette Recorder

-Digital Device processing Digital signal (DC or Logic Pulse)

0

1

0 0

1 1

0

1 1

0

Example: DVR

Digital Video Recorder

AC : Alternating Current

DC : Direct Current


Basic Switcher Concept

The “basic” switcher, as shown above, will select a video signal from any of

the inputs and route it to the monitor for display.

This can be a manual switch – Callup, or automatically switched –

Sequencing.



Matrix Switcher

General Definition

A Matrix Switcher is a video switcher that permits any camera to be

displayed on any system monitor and permits a single camera to be

displayed on all system monitors simultaneously. This capability is also

known as Full Cross point Switching.

Example:LiLin Matirx PIH-816II, PIH-832II,PIH-864II



Quad

Example:LiLin Quad PIH-4C



Multiplexer

Example:LiLin Multiplexer PIH-604, PIH-616,PIH-624


53

DVR (Digital Video Recorder)

Concept

DVR

PC Base DVR Non PC Base DVR(Standalone DVR)

Windows (OS) Base DVRLinux(OS)

Base DVR

Genuine Linux(OS) DVR Embedded Linux OS DVR

Example: PDR-3160

PDR-1600

PDR-400IP

others

Windows OS & Applications

must be loaded into the HDDs

Example: Techsun H.264 DVR

Geovision DVR

others

Software (Applications) and

Hardware (CPU& Memory Card &

Capture Cards … built in a single Board

Hardware: CPU&M/B&DRAM&VGA

&Capture Card ..

Software: Windows OS & Applications

Hardware:

CPU&M/B&DRAM&VG

A&Capture Card ..

Software: Linux OS &

Applications

Linux OS &

Applications

must be loaded into

the HDDs

Hardware:

CPU&M/B&DRAM&VGA

&

Capture Card ..

Software: Linux OS &

Applications

Linux OS & Applications

Embedded in a DOM

Example: Techsun

(Linux OS) H.264

DVR others

Example: PE Series DVR

SE Series DVR

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VGA Card: Video Graphics Array Card

CPU: Central Processing Unit

OS: Operating Systems

HDD: Hard Disk Drive

DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory

M/B: Mother Board

NIC: Network Interface Card

DVR (Digital Video Recorder)

Concept

Image Compressions Standard In CCTV

JPEG a widely spread standard,used DCT type of compression.

M-JPEG a variation on JPEG, and not really standard. M-JPEG stand

for motion JPEG. (example: PIH-3160 using M-JPEG compression)

MPEG-4 Developed as an object-based compression.there are a few

version of it. Handles compression of video and audio and a wide variety

Of streaming rates. Suitable for anything that uses narrow bandwidths, from

mobile phones, internet, to television.

H.264 Newest work based on h.263 and MPEG-4(also called AVC), which

offers a wide range of video quality, including more efficient coding for

HDTV(quoted up to three times more efficient than MPEG-2).

55

DVR Hardware Layout

(Standard)

CPU

Processor

Capture Card 1Capture Card 4

Memory Card(DDR)

PC Monitor

CCTV Monitor

VGA Out

TV Out

Power Supply

VGA Card

Secondary IDE

Primary IDE

CD RomHDD OR DOME

HDD Master HDD SlaveFloppy Drive

Mother Board

Mouse

Key board

NIC

Internet WAN

LAN

-------

Camera #16 Camera #1

NIC: Network Interface Card

Internal HDDs Up to 500 GB ( 2 HDDs)

More than 500GB (Long Time Recording Required), Raid-5 Card & HDDs

Storage Must be Added.

PE series DVR support 4,8,16 channelLiLin USA Training

56

DVR Storage(HDDs)

Analysis Diagram

Windows OS

Base & Genuine

Linux OS Base

DVR HDD

Embedded Linux DVR

HDD &DOM(Chip)

OS & Applications

120GB Hard Disk Drive 120GB Hard Disk Drive

DOM (Chip)

Swap Partition

(Data Buffer)

1-3GB

Video

Data

Partition

117—

119GB

Video Data

Partition

Swap Partition

(Data Buffer)

OS & Applications

Partition

5-8GB

115-112 GB

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57

HDD Capacity Formula

-How Many GBs HDD need for 1 Day & 1 CH & 1

Frame recording (MPEG4 Format)?

1 GB = 1024MB=1024x1024 KB 1000,000 KB (Kilobytes)

1 Frame File size(MPEG4)= 2—25 KB

1 Day=60seconds X 60 Minutes X 24 hours=86400 seconds

1 Day= 86400/1000,000=0.0864 seconds/G

Example 1: 1 Frame file size=5 KB & 1 Day & 1 CH

* 1 Frame/sec. & 1 CH & 1 Day= 5 KB x 1CH x 0.0864= 0.432 GB

Example 2: 8 frame/sec. (1 Frame =5KB) & 16 CH & 1 Day

* 8 Frame/sec. & 16 CH & 1 Day= 8x5 KB x 16CH x 0.0864

= 0.432x8x16 GB

=55.296GB

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Video Transmission Media

CCTV transmission is mainly related to transmission of video, data and power.

The transmission of video and data signals could be done using wires or

wireless, whereas, the power signal has to be connected using wires.

Video Cable Types

There are two main types of cable used for transmitting video signals, which are:

Unbalanced (coaxial) and balanced (twisted pair).

Unbalanced (Coaxial) Cables

This type of cable is made in many different types of impedance. In this case impedance

is measured between the inner conductor and the outer sheath. 75-Ohm impedance cable

is the standard used in CCTV systems. Most video equipment is designed to operate at

this impedance. Coaxial cables with an impedance of 75 Ohms are available in many

different mechanical formats, including single wire armored and irradiated PVC sheathed

cable for direct burial. The cables available range in performance from relatively poor to

excellent. Performance is normally measured in high frequency loss per 100 meters. The

lower this loss figure, the less the distortion to the video signal. Therefore, higher quality

cables should be used when transmitting the signal over long distances.

Another factor that should be considered carefully when selecting coaxial cables is the

quality of the cable screen. This, as its name suggests, provides protection from

interference for the centre core, as once interference enters the cable it is almost

impossible to remove.



Balanced (Twisted Pair) Cables

In a twisted pair each pair of cables is twisted with a slow twist of about one to two twists

per meter. These cables are made in many different types of impedance, 100 to 150 Ohms

being the most common. Balanced cables have been used for many years in the largest cable

networks in the world. Where the circumstances demand, these have advantages over

coaxial cables of similar size. Twisted pair cables are frequently used where there would be

an unacceptable loss due to a long run of coaxial cable.

The main advantages are:

1) The ability to reject unwanted interference.

2) Lower losses at high frequencies per unit length.

3) Smaller size.

4) Availability of multi-pair cables.

5) Lower cost.

The advantages must be considered in relation to the cost of the equipment required for this

type of transmission. A launch amplifier to convert the video signal is needed at the camera

end and an equalizing amplifier to reconstruct the signal at the control end.



Typical Cable Losses

A selection of commonly used cable specifications is given below.


Video non-cable type transmission

The previous section dealt with the transmission of video signals by various types

of cable. There are many instances where it is not possible or desirable to use

cable and other methods need to be employed. These can be:

•Infrared beams

•Microwave

•Optical Fiber Cables

Infrared Beams

With this type of system the video is superimposed onto an infrared beam by a

transmitter. The beam is aligned to strike a receiver where the signal is output as a

conventional composite video signal. The infrared beam is at a wavelength of 860

nanometers, which is above the visible part of the spectrum. The system may be

configured as a full duplex set up. Then it is possible to transmit telemetry control

signals in the reverse direction to control pan, tilt units. The system can also carry speech

in both directions. The actual configuration must be specified at the time of obtaining

quotations or ordering.

Microwave Transmission

Microwave links carry the video and telemetry along a link from a transmitter to a

receiver. They are capable of much farther transmission distances from 1 kilometer to 50

kilometers. They are largely unaffected by weather conditions. On the other hand they

are more expensive than infrared links.




Fiber Optic Transmission

Fiber optics is the technology of transmitting data along cables that consist of

optical fiber.

•Optical fibers are much smaller and lighter than copper, therefore easier and cheaper to

install in long runs.

•A major advantage of optical fibers is that they can carry far more information than

copper.

•Optical fibers are completely immune to interference from electromagnetic sources

Power CableThe CCTV cameras usually use 3 different kinds of voltages: 12V DC, 24V AC and 110V AC

(220 V AC). Usually 12 VDC cameras come with its power supply pre-wired.

When 24 VAC PSU is used, the recommended cables are:

UL SPT-1 VW-1 E94163 18AWGx2C

UL SPT-2 VW-1 E94163 18AWGx2C

UL E115988 SUT 105C VW-1 18AWGx3C


Networking In CCTV

Network concepts and components•Network A network is a group of computers connected together in

away that allows information to be exchanged between the

computers.

•Local area Network(LAN) A LAN is work of computers that are in

the same general physical location, usually within a building or a

campus. If the computers are far apart(such as across town or in

different cities), the a Wide Area Network(WAN) is typically used.

•Switch A network switch is another”intelligent” data

communication device that is more common and a successor to the

network bridge.

•Router Routers are specialized computers the send message to their

destinations along thousands of pathways.

Networking software

The internet protocol

•TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

•PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

•HTTP Hyper Text Transport Protocol

•SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol


CCTV Accessories

Camera housing

Box Cameras Housing

PTZ cameras Housing

Pan/Tilt Scanner and Controller

Video amplifiers/equalizers

Video distribution amplifiers(VDAs)

Protocol converter

Data Distributor

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RS-232

A serial format of digital communication where only two wires are required.

It is also known as a serial data communication. The RS-232 Standard defines

a scheme for asynchronous communications, but it does not define how the bits should

represent the data, that is, it does not define the overall message format and protocol. It

is often used in CCTV communications between keyboards and matrix switchers or

between matrix switchers and PTZ site drivers. The advantage of RS-232 over others is

its simplicity and use of only two wires, but it is limited with distance. Typically,

maximum 15 meters is recommended.

RS-422

A serial data communication protocol, which specifies 4-wire, full-duplex, differential

line, multi-drop communications. It provides for balanced data transmission with

unidirectional, nonreversible, terminated or non-terminated transmission lines. This is

an advanced format of digital communication when compared to RS-232. The signal

transmitted is read at the receiving end as the difference between the two wires

without common earth. Therefore, if there is noise induced analog the line, it will be

canceled out. The RS-422 can drive lines of 1200 meters in length and distribute data

up to 10 receivers, with data rate up to 100kb/s.

Appendix A

LiLin USA Training


RS-485

This is a more advanced format compared to RS-422. It is an electrical

specification of a two-wire, half-duplex, multipoint serial connection. The

major improvement is in the number of receivers up to 32 that can be driven

with this format. In contrast to RS-422, which has a single driver circuit

which cannot be switched off, RS-485 drives need to be put in transmit

mode explicitly by asserting a signal to the driver. This allows RS-485 to

implement star network topologies using only two lines. RS-485, like RS-

422, can be made full-duplex by using four wires, however, since RS-485 is

a multipoint specification, this is not necessary in many cases.


Appendix A

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Camera module & features& functions

Camera setup (DIP switch setting)

PIH-7625 On Screen setup

The similarity of IP PTZ Camera and Reg. PTZ

Appendix B

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The difference of hardware with Regular LiLin’s PTZ Camera

Bottom base (Circuit Board)

Network card and web server have been built in on the

bottom base

IP PTZ Camera bottom base Layout

Regular PTZ Camera bottom base Layout

Appendix B

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Web server interface has been improved

Previous version was designed using Java Script & Flash language

Newest version was designed using Macromedia flash 8.0

Flash Language

Java Script Language

Appendix B

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Macromedia Flash 8.0

Typical Control Panel Pointer (XY axis) control panel

Appendix B

For outdoor installation, IP PTZ camera housing must be required.

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RS-232/RS-485 Data Converter and 7000SP Protocol Converter

a. RS-232/RS-485 Data Converter

The RS-232 to RS- 485 converter module converts RS-232 levels from

a DVR (PC base DVR) COM port to RS-485 levels suitable for interfacing with

the data control of PTZ camera. (Refer to Figure 1.1)

In what condition the RS-232/RS-485 Converter would be required?

If you want to use any types of PC base( such as Linux OS, Windows OS) DVRs to

control any model of PTZ cameras, The RS-232/RS-485 Converter will be required.

The connection of RS-232 to RS-485 converter working with PC base DVR with

LiLin’s PTZ protocol built-in. Please refer to Figure 1.2 .

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

The connection of RS-232 to RS-485 converter working with PC base DVR without

LiLin’s PTZ protocol built-in. (7000SP Protocol Converter will be required in this case)

Please refer to Figure 1.3 .

Appendix C

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b. 7000SP Protocol Converter

7000SP protocol converter was designed for LiLin’s PTZ camera working with

other vender’s DVR/Controller (Refer to figure 2.1).

In what condition the 7000SP Converter would be needed?

If you want to use any other vender’s DVR/controller (such as Panasonic, Pelco, Sony..)

to control LiLin’s PTZ camera, The 7000SP converter must be used.

Figure 2.1

The connection of PIH-7000SP Protocol Converter working with the vender’s

DVR/Controller without LiLin’s PTZ Protocol built-in.Please refer to Figure 2.2.

Example: DedicatedMicros DVR working with 7000SP Protocol Converter with

Pelco P Protocol.

PIH-7000SP Converter

Figure 1.3

Appendix C

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Figure 2.2

Appendix C

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PIH-804 Diagram

Appendix D

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Appendix E

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Appendix F

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Appendix G

PIH-800II Connection

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Appendix H

LiLin USA Training

Documents

Lilin Cctv Course