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HEALTH AND SAFETY PLANFOR

PROTECTIVE BARRIER PLACEMENTAND

SAMPLL^G EFFORTSKOPPERS TEXARKANA SITE

TEXARKANA, TEXASSEPTEMBER 6, 1985

Koppers Company, Inc.Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219

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HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAt'FOR

PROTECTIVE BARRIER PLACEMENTAND

SAMPLING EFFORTSKOPPERS TEXARKANA SITE

TEXARKANA, TEXASSEPTEMBER 6, 1985

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Approved by:v

Donald J. McGraw,Corporate Medical

Koppers Company, Inc.

5989A

TABLE OF CONTENTSPage

List of Tables IL

1.0 INTRODUCTIONl-l Historical Background

2,0 RESPONSIBILITY

3,0 TRAINING

4.0 D EOONTAM INAT 10 N4.1 Purpose

4 . 1 . 1 Placement of Protective Barrier4 . 1 . 2 Collection of Soil Samples at Other Lots4 . 1 . 3 Collection of Drinking Wator Samples4 . 1 . 4 Placement of Krosion Control Structure

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5.0 PROCEDURES5*1 General5.2 Hazard Analysis5.3 Air Monitoring5.4 Personnel Protective Equipment5.5 Health and Safety Plan-General Population

5 .5 . 1 Limiting Interaction5 . U . 2 Perimeter Action Levels

6-0 EMERGENCY mOCEDURES6.1 Emergency Equipment6.2 General - Injury6.3 Specific Treatments6.4 Fire

9991113151516

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APPENDIX A - Occupational Health Data A-1

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LIST OF TABLESPage

5-1 Air Quality Monitoring Program Summary 12

Personnel Protective Equipment for ProtectiveBarrier Workers 14

6-1 Emergency Tnforraation 19

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1 .0 INTRODUCTION

From 1931 to 1961 , Koopers Company, Inc. operated a wood treatingfacility on a 62-acre site located in Texarkana, Texas. The Texas andPacific Railroad to the north, Jameson Street to eha south, andCowhorn Creek to the southwest roughlv form the boundaries of thesite* The facility was founded in 1903 and operated by the NationalLumber and Creosoting Company until its acquisition by the WoodPreserving Corporation (a subsidiary of Koppers Company) in 1931.

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Plant facilities on the 62^acre Sowie County site consisted ofbuildings which housed processing equipment, offices, a laboratory,railroad spurs which fed into the main railroad line to the north, anextensive lumber storage vard, and a wastewater pond. Treated anduntreated ties were generally stored on the north end of the site.Processing operations, including treating cylinders, working tanks, awastewater pond and drip-tracks, were located in the east-centralportion of the area.

Lumber was presumably shipped to the site by rail, treated withpreservative, dried, and stacked in a holding area. The treatedlumber was ultimately transported for use as railroad cross and switchties. Preservatives used at the s i te reportedly included creosote,pentachlorophenol, and chromated zinc chloride.

In 196 1 , Koopers permanently shut down the operation, cleared thearea of buildings and lumber, and sold the entire tract. At the timeof sale, the property was zoned for industrial use. No singlelandowner held the property for any signficant length of time until itwas purchased in about 1964 by Carver Terrace Inc., who planned tosubdivide and develop the entire tract . Because of potential floodingproblems in the southern half of the property, only the northern half( 33 .5 acres) was developed. Seventy-eight middle income homes werebuilt, all of which receive treated drinking water from the TexarkanaWater Utilities. Carver Terrace sold the southern portion of the site

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Co Btruce Kennedv, a Texarkana sand and gravel contractor. His firm,the Kennedy Sand and Gravel Company, has to date excavated two gravelborrow pits measuring approximately 700 feet long, 25 feet wide and 15feet deep. Carver Terrace, Inc. also sold a 0.5-acre lot along theeastern edge of the property at West 3rd Street and Tilson Avenue toH. L. Walter . Tie lot is now owned and occupied by the Mt* ZionMissionary Baptist Church.

On April 16, 1984, Texas Department of Water Resources (TDWR)recommended to EPA Region VI that the Koppers Site be placed on theupdated EPA's National Priorities List (NpL) with a Hazard Ranking of31. The EPA concurred with the TDWR hazard rank in a letter datedMay 16, 1984.

In September 1984, TDWR requested that the Kennedy Sand and GravelCompany cease and desist their operations on the site. Subsequently,on October 10 and U, 1984, the EPA Emergency Response Branchcollected soil and surface water samples from various locationsthroughout the plant site. An Administrative Order on Consent wassigned in December l?84 by Kennedy Sand and Gravel Company, KoppersCompany, and EPA stipulating that the southern half of the site wouldbe fenced, and mining operations would cease.

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iFive preliminary investigations have been conducted at the Koppers

Texarkana site. Concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) have been found in the yards of several residences along WestThird Street and Milam Street in Carver Terrace at levels on the orderof several thousand mg/kg.

This Health and Safety Plan has been prepared to document themeasures that will be undertaken by Koppera and its subcontractors toprotect the health and safety of (l) personnel working on theplacement of the protective soil/sod layer on the residential lots,(2) personnel performing the soil and water sampling, (3) personnelworking on the erosion control structure, and (4) residents who may bein close proximity to these activities. The plan has been developed

IIIIIIIIto minimize the risk of injury and illness (from potential exposure tos i te contaminants) resulting from the immediate actions to beundertaken at Carver Terrace.

Koppers intends to obtain the services of a local landscaper toinstall the soil and sod covering. Koppers personnel will conduct thesail sampling efforts at the other residentail lots and also collectdrinking water samples as selected residencies. Koppers intends toobtain the services of a local contractor for placement of the erosioncontrol structure.

2.0 RESPONSIBILITY

The on-site Facility Coordinator will have ultimate responsibilityfor health and safety during the protective barrier placement andsampling activities. The Health and Safety Officer (HSO) will reportto the Facility Coordinator and will orovide the necessary technicalexpertise on health and safety issues and ensure that health andsafety measures are implemented.

As $ minimum the HSO will have the following training:

Cross First Aid TrainingRed Cross CPR TrainingRespiratory ProtectionDecontamination Procedures

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3.0 TRAINING

Prior to the initiation of the protective soi l/sod layer at CarverTerrace residencies, the HSO will conduct a training program designedto ensure that field personnel are aware of potential hazards and thatwork will be done in A manner that will minimize to the greatestextent possible, risk to personnel and public health and safety.

A site specific health and safety training program will bedeveloped and conducted for all landscape contractor personnel.Training will include at a minimum the following topic areas.

o General overview of the project and siteBrief history of site activitiesContaminants presentMethodology for barrier placement

o Requirements for personnel protection" Exposure routes

Potential effects of contaminantsClothing requirements

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iDecontamination/disposal procedures

Clothing- Equipment

Excavated soil

Personnel hygiene requirementsHousekeeping activitiesProcedures for eating, smoking, etc

Appropriate response to site emergenciesPersonal injuriesAccidentsFiresAirborne releases

The Facility Coordinator will maintain a record of individuals whohave received this training.

4.0 DECONTAMINATION

i.l Purpose

Decontamination procedures will be implemented for equipment andpersonnel to ensure that suspected contaminants are adequatelycontrolled and to minimize che transport of contaminants from the workarea and site via vehicles and personnel. The following discussion ofdecontamination is broken down into the four specific actions asidentified in the Administrative Order on Consent.

A. I . I Placement of Protective BarrierO

The placement of the protective barrier in Carver Terrace willrequire limited excavation of existing soil. Excavation will belimited to sloping of resident yard edges in order for the new sod toproperly meet existing sidewalks, roads, etc. Excavation will beaccomplished using hand tools and possibly a small backhoe or othersimilar piece of equipment. Equipment and personnel decontaminationwill Present the most concern for this activity. The spreading ofsoil and setting of sod over undisturbed areas will not requiredecontamination since this will be clean soil and new sod.

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At the end of the work day, excavation equipment will be taken to£ designated area behind the fenced area south of the Carver Terracesubdivision. This area is inaccessible to the general public. Noequipment decontamination activities will take place in the CarverTerrace subdivision.

In the designated area, hand tools will be cleaned by brushing andfinal rinsing in drums of water. Every attempt will be made to keepwash water containerized. The containerized wash water will bedisposed of in accordance with instructions from tiPA's On-SceneCoordinator, including onsite treatment and discharge if necessary.

The soil removed from the lots will be trucked to a designatedarea in the southern portion of the site and stored in sea containersuntil final deposition in accordance with instructions from theOn-Scene Coordinator.

Verification that excavation equipment leaving the Carver Terracework site is adequately decontaminated in the southern portion of theTexarkana site is the responsibility of the HSO.

All personnel working in excavation operations will be required tothoroughly wash their hands and face prior to eating or leaving thes ite. Drinking water within the work area will be permitted, but eachworker will be instructed to use care.

At the end of each work day all personnel will be required toremove work clothes including boots and store them in the designatedarea. Dirty clothes will be washed on site or at a local laundermat.Anv personnel protective equipment to be thrown away will be disposedof: in accordance with applicable regulations* The HSO will beresponsible for ensuring procedures are followed.

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4 . 1 . 2 Collection of Soil Samples at Other Lots

Near surface soil samples at the other residential lots will becollected using hand tools. No specific health and safety procedureswill be followed by the field personnel with the exception of maybewearing gloves. At the end of each work day, the hand tools will becleaned in the designated area. If work clothes become dirty theywill also be cleaned per guidelines discussed above.

4 . 1 . 3 Collect ion of Drinking Water Samples

No specific health and safety procedures will be followed for the:ollection of drinking water samples at Carver Terrace homes.

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4 . 1 . 4 Placement .: C ~ -as ion Coat,.'

No scecit ' ic health aatf gaticv crocea- j rplacement of the erosion *^IL-->' a . r v c t u r e .

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5.0 PROCEDURES

5 . 1 General

The following general pol ic ies/procedures will be in effect forthe Carver Terrace protective barrier placement:

o The HSO will be notified before anyone enters the active workareas,

o Personnel must wash hands and face before eating or leavingthe work area,

o All changing of clothes and personnel protective equipmentwill take place in a designated area at the southern portionof the s ite,

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o Contact lenses will not he worn on s ite, and

o Sanitary facilities will be provided at the southern portionof the site.

II5.2 Hazard Analysis

A preliminary hazard analysis has been conducted to ensure thatsite activit ies, personnel protection, and emergency response arecons istent with the specific contaminants expected to be encountered.The hazard analysis forms the foundation for this Health and SafetyProgram.

The most significant contaminants in the Carver Terracesubdivision are polvnuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) . EPAanalysis of surface and subsurface (6 inch depth) soils in theresidential lota found maximum concentrations on the order of severalthousand mg per kg. The following PAHs were among those found atelevated concentrations:

IIAcenaphtheneAcenaphthvleneAnthraceneBenzo(a)pvreneBenaofluoranthenesChvrsene

FluorantheneNaphthalenePhenanthrenePyrene2-MethyInaphthaiene

The primary exposure pathways of concern for these compounds areinhalation and skin abs*. rotien. Naphthalene is the most volatile PAHand minimal airborne exposure could possibly occur both in the vaporstate as well as from contaminated dust. The remaining PAHs shouldonly present a concern with airborne exposure with contaminated dust.

A review of applicable guidance documents indicates thatacceptable exposure levels for many of the individual PAHs are notavailable. The American Conference of Governmnetal IndustrialHvgien istsv Inc. (ACGIH) has set airborne concentrations limits,TLV-TWA (threshold limit values - time weighted average concentrationfor a 40 hour work week to which nearly all workers may be repeatedlyexposed, dav after day, without adverse effect ) for coal tar pitchvolatiles* and naphthalene. OSHA (29 CFR 1910. 1000) has setPermissible Exposure Limits (PEL) which are also time weightedaverages for coal tar pitch volatiles and naphthalene. They are asfollows:

TLV-TWA PEL

Coal tar pitch volatiies(as particulars)

Naphthalene

0.2 mg/

10 ppm

0.2 mg/ro3

10 ppm

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*"Coal tar pitch volati les": The ACGIH TLV Committee defines "CoalTar Pitch Volati les (as Benzene Soluble Fraction) - The pitch of coaltar is the black or dark brown amorhpous residue that remains afterthe redistil lation process . The volatiles contain a large quantity oflower molecular weight polycyclic hydrocarbons* As these hydrocarbons(naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, acridine, Phenanthrene) sublimeinto the air and there is an increase of benzo(a)pyrene and otherhigher weight polycyclic hydrocarbons in the tar and in the fumes.Polycyclic hydrocarbons, known as carcinogens, are of this largemolecular type*"OSHA interprets the term "Coal Tar Pitch Volati les" in 29 CFR1910. 1002 as " . . . the fused polycvclic hydrocarbons which volatilizefrom the distillation residues of coal, petroleum (excluding asphalt) ,wood and other organic matter ."

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Appendix A contains ACGIH and OSHA data sheets on these compounds

These exposure limits were used as guidance in developing an airmonitoring program for the protective barrier placement in CarverTerrace.

5.3 Air Monitoring

Air quality monitoring is an integral part of the Health andProgram; the collected data serve as input to decisions

regarding worker protective measures, routine work procedures andemergency events. The air quality monitoring program requirements canbe defined as follows (Table 6-1) :

o Heal-time measurement of total organic vapor concentrations.

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Portable instruments are used to provide real-time,seiniquantitative data on total organic vapor concentrations in andaround the breathing zone of workers and downwind 06 site activities

During all excavating activities in Carver Terrace, portablephotoionization detectors (PID) or equivalent will be used formonitoring organic vapor concentrations in the breathing zone of theexcavation personnel. Additionally, periodic surveys of the activefcurk site ( lo t ) , including the site p-arimeter, will be conductedduring the work day to assess the impact of both excavation andsoil /sod spreading activities on organic vapor concentrations.

Action levels for employee protection and emergency actions willbe employed based on contaminants measured during site air qualitymonitoring of the work area and of downwind concentrations.

The HSO will document the air quality measurements daily,including corresponding meterological data and sita work activities.

TABLE 5-1

AIR QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM SUMMARY

TYPE OFMONITORING FREQUENCY LOCATION AND NUMBER EQUIPMENT USED PURPOSE

GeneralWork Area

Periodically duringall work activities

General survey activework area (e .g . , eachlot being worked on)

Foxboro Flame ion izat. ionOrganic Analyzer orPID instrument

Rea1-t ime, semi-q uan t i ta t ivedata on total organic vapors foroperational and health and safetydecision making

Excavation 15 minute intervals At (1) ground surface Foxboro Flameionizationactivities during #11 excava- and (2) breathing Organic Analyzer or

tion activities level PID instrument

Documentation of organic vaporlevels and determination of needto change protection action levels

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5,4 Personnel Protect ive Zric.

Personnel protective 5—~are identified in Table ;-", -

Within the excavat ion £—breathing level will be -^a-2-rcontaminant levels. Actiirttvaperr readings. A resootLS^actions to be taken at abs-e^rvapo-rs above background l**ri"Sustained" indicates e'.a-r^^longer than 15 minutes* Tteobserved during excavacictt

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Level _I_I - or23TL-above background:drops below 13

the protective barrier workers

tir.ic vapor measurements atfe — rapid response to airborne~ave b0en establighed fotr ouganic

has been devised, defining general»twined concentrations of organicia* breathing level monitoring,generation in the breathing zone forresponses to air concentrations^4 are as follows:

*^~r c^noentraticm of less than 10 ppm

.-r concentration greater than 10 ppm^ £5 suspended until concentration

the basis for selecr^^r r.for naphthalene. Naphthalsniconstitutins the "coal °ar ^^conditions expected durir:^ sithe aajor constituent ;fexcavation activit ies. M;proposed to provide real^z-activities cannot detecr rrlimits for coal tar pi-^"t *particulatfts per cubic -3e;s

*e^e action levels is the TLV-TWA and PEL-_s sore volatile than the compounds

r*~ volati les". Given the ambient-s act iv it ies , naphthalene will likely be^etential organic vapors released during

the organic vapor analyzers beingtoring of air conditions during site

ics as part icu lates . The exposuret _ , e& are expressed as mg off air.

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To minimize the ge-e-amanual water spraying villwater to adequately sutmr-rareas so as to eliminararunoff,

: ^f dust during excavation activities,.saoloved when necessary. Only enoughhft dust will be sprayed in excavationc«ncern of potentially contaminated

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PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR PROTECTIVE BARRIER WORKERS

KEOUIRED

Work coverallscloth work glovesSteel toe and shank footwear

ooCONTINGENCY

Safety glasses orFirst aid kitPortable eyewash stationNeoprene glovesdust maskssun screen

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Given the need £or real-time measurement of organic vapors and thelack of specific criteria (exposure limits) for many of the PAHsidentified in Carver Terrace, the use of naphthalene as an indicatorparameter is a sensible choice.

5.5 Health and Safety Plan-General Population

For the purposes of this investigation, the "general population"will be defined as those individuals not associated with the placementof the protective barrier activities but could be in close proximityto these activities. This would include Carver Terrace residents andowners of the lots where the actual work will take place.

The health and safety plan for these groups consists of: (I)limiting the potential interaction with these groups, and (2)instituting a system of "Perimeter Action Levels", based on airmonitoring of the specific excavation activity, whereby organic vaporconcentrations at the perimeter o£ the excavation activity are closelymonitored to dictate health and safety actions.

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5 .5 . 1 Limiting Interaction

Preplanning and scheduling will be the primary means to limitinteraction with residents of the homes where the protective barrieris to be placed. During the site visitation with each lot owner, theFacility Coordinator will discuss scheduling of the work activities.The Facility Coordinator will schedule the protective barrierplacement activities when the fewest possible residents are home, suchas during working hours. Where possible, residents will be asked toenter and exit their homes using doors located away from the workactivit ies, such as using a back door when work is being conducted inthe front yard. It will be the responsibility o£ the HSO to maintaina "surveillance" of the excavation activity to keep residents awayfrom the activity. Other requests of the lot owners, such as askingto have windows closed during work activities, will be made dependingon their necessity and to the reasonableness of the request (homeventilation may be necessary during very high ambient temperatureperiods).

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Adequate preplanning and scheduling will be conducted to limitinteraction with other residents in Carver Terrace. Pedestrians and"interested" residents can be expected on the public streets near thework activities (W. Third Street in particular). Automobile trafficand pedestrian patterns and volumes will be evaluated during the earlystages of work activities. Excavation activities near public streetswill be scheduled for time periods exhibiting reduced traffic andpedestrian volume. "Optimal time periods may likely occur betweenmorning and afternoon rush hours or may occur during weekends." Itwill be the responsibility of the HSO or other appointed personnel tomaintain a "surveillance" of the excavation activity to keep residentsawav from the activity. Should this prove ineffective, these areaswill be roped off by means of a colored ribbon. Additionally, signsdesignating work areas will be posted. In all circumstances, exposed,subsurface soils will be covered at the end of each workday.

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Through discussions with property owners and proper scheduling andpreplanning, interactions with the residents of Carver Terrace will beminimized and the Personal safety of the residents will be maintained*

5 . 5 . 2 Perimeter Action Levels

When field personnel observe a sustained organic vapor reading inexcess of 5 ppm, as measured in the excavation worker breathing zone,field personnel will take another measurement downwind at theexcavation activity perimeter. The activity perimeter will be definedas the lot perimeter or nearest downwind house (whichever is c losest)or the roped off area, if it is necessary to do so. The followingresponses will be initiated, dependent upon the perimeter sustainedorganic vapor reading:

o 5- 10 ppm above background - Notify HSO and keep apprised ofs tatus ; continue site work.

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IIIIIIIIo Greater than 10 ppm above background - Alert field personnel

in the vicinity, suspend work activities. Monitor fororganic vapor at the perimeter on a continuous basis, resumework when concentration drops below 10 ppm-

The basis for these action levels is the TWA-TLV for naphthalene(10 ppm). The safety and health of the general public will be ensuredby maintaining perimeter releases of organic vapors below the TWA-TLVfor naphthalene.

These action levels are sufficiently conservative in that it islikely that elevated concentrations in the excavation worker breathingzone will trigger corrective actions before perimeter concentrationsreach elevated levels.

Releases of dust beyond the perimeter of the work area will beminimized by manual water spraying of excavation areas whennecessary. Only enough water to adequately suppress the dust will besprayed so as to eliminate the concern for potentially contaminatedrunoff.

The HSO will also be sensitive to the release of any "nuisanceodors" which mav result in an unpleasant smell in the area. If"nuisance odors" are judged to be causing an odor problem, the HSOwill temporarily suspend work activities regardless of real-timeorganic vapor concentrations as measured by air monitoring equipment.

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6.0 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

6.1 The following emergency equipment shall be available on-site;

o First-Aid Kit (interex Catalog #62-l22X or equivalent)o Fire Extinguishero Fire Blanketo Stretchero Eye-Wash Station

6.2 General Iniurv

Step 1 - First Aid, as appropriateStep 2 - Arrange for off-site assistance and/or medical help,if appropriate (see Table 7- 1 ) .Step 3 - Notify Health and S.-^sty Officer and FacilityCoordinator

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6. 3 Specific Treatments

Eye ExposureImmediately flush exposed eye with copious amounts ofwater, using emergency eye-wash stat ion.

Skin ExposureWash immediately with soap and water.

InhalationMove person to clean air. Perform artificialrespiration if necessary

SwallowingContact poison control center, follow their instructions

6.4 Fire

Localized, controlleduse chemical fire extinguisher and fire blanket toextinguish. Throw soil on fire as added dampening.

UncontrolledEvacuate AreaContact fire department immediately

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TABLE 6-1EMERGENCY INFORMATION

In the event oi a fire, uncontrollable chemical spill, explosion,or any occurrence that might be harmful to personnel or adjacentproperty, immediate notification of the proper emergency service willbe required. The proper emergency service is determined by the natureof the emergency. Applicable phone numbers are listed below:

EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION

City 0 £ Texarkana Fire Department

Citv of Texarkana Police DepartmentBowie County Health DepartmentTexas Department of Water ResourcesSPA Regional Office (Mr. John Cochran)State PoliceSt. Michael Hospital315 E. 5th St. Texarkana, ARAmbulance ServicePoison Control Center

(214)(214)(2 14)(214)(7 13 )(2 14 )(214)(501 )

794-381 1793- 1 14 1793- 1 141792-8211479-5981767-9763792-0491774-212 1

(214) 793- 1 14 11- (800) 482-8948

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PROCEDURE FOR REPORTING INCIDENTS

Immediately Contact: Shannon Craig: Koppers Facility Coordinator(2 14) 793-4341

James Thomas: Kbppera Health and Safety Officer(2 14 ) 793-4341

David Lopez: U .S . EPA Emergency Response Branch(214) 767-2666

Subflttquently Contact: James Campbell (Koppers ) : (412) 227-2689

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APPENDIX AOO

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NNAPHTHASee, RUBBER SOLVENT

NAPHTHALENEQoHjHV, 10 ppm ( % 50 mg/m')STit, 15 ppm ( ss* 75 mg/m*)

Naphthalene occurs commonly as white, crystallineflakes which have 3 strong coal tar odor. It has a molecularweight of 128.16 and a specific gravity of 1.145. It meits at8Q.2* C boils at 217.96° C and has a vapor pressure at 25* Cof approximately 0.08? mm Hg. The open cup flash point is176° f and closed cup is 190° f-'. Insoluble m water, it dis-solves in most organic solvents.

Crystalline naphthalene finds household use as a monthrepellent, scientific use in scintil lation counters, if is animportant raw material for the manufacture of phthahcanhydride, naphthot, hydrongetfated naphthalenes andhalogenated naphthalenes; it or its derivatives are em-ployed in dyes, explosives, lubricants, tanning agents andemulsion breakers.

According to Flurv and ZerniM 1 ' and Patty,'21 the inhala-tion of naphthalene vapor may cause headache, loss of ap-petite and nausea. Optical neuritis and injuries to the cor-nea and, rn addition, kidney damage have also beenreported. Ghetti and MananiO* reported opacities of thelens in 8 of 21 workers who had been exposed to naphthal-ene for about five years. Ingeslion of naphthalene in rela-tively large amounts has reportedly caused severe hemo-lytic anemia and hemogtobmuria.'41 A hypersusceptibility,probably genetically based, is recognued.<s>

The oral LO» for rats is 1760 mg/kg.«» It was used as ananthelmmttc for many years at dose levels, for adults, of 0.1to 0.5 gram three times a day."' several times higher thanthe lowest reported lethal dose for man of SO mg/kg.'*1' Anincident in which blankets containing naphthalene causedacute hemolytic effects m infants, m some cases fatal, hasbeen described/*1

Patty suggested 25 ppm as a tentative limn for naphthal-ene vapor in air. He noted that this corresponds to a satura-tion pressure of approximately 25% at 25° C. This value hasbeen used at the Los Alamos Laboratories, according to

inHyatt and Milligan.c't Robbins,'101 however, reported (hatconcentrations in excess of about 15 ppm resulted notice-able irritation of the eves.

Gerarde 1"' also suggested 25 ppm as a tentative l imit,noting that it represents 25% of the concentration oi na-phthalene vapor in air saturated at 25" C.

(n view of the fact that irritation is experienced at 15ppm and that continued exposure may result in fairly seri-ous eve effects, a limit lower than 25 ppm would seem inorder. The value of 10 ppm TLV and 15 ppm STEL are rec-ommended to prevent ocular effects, but possibly notblood changes in hypersusceptibles.

Other recommendations: West Germany, 10 ppm; fasiGermany and USSR, 4 ppm.

References:1. flury, f., Zernik, f.: Schadliche Case, p. 290,). Springer. Beflm

( 1931 ) .1 Patty, F.A,: Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology. Vol n. p "0.

Interscience, NY (1949).3. Ghetti, G., Mjrijjit, L; vied. d. UvorQ 47:533 ( 1956) .4. ZudJtr, W.W., Apt, L: f.A.M.A. NJ:185 (1949).5. Stokingtr, H.f., Mountain, |.T.: Arch. £nv. Health 6 49S 0*>JI6. NtOSH: Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

(1977).7. Am. Ind. Hyg. Altot,: Hygienic Guide Senes-Njphthjtene

(1967).8. Val<M«, T., DoHtaJii SA, F«ui, P.: /. Ped. 61904 |i%jj C i t -

ed m ref 7.9. Hvatt, £.C, Million, M.F.: Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. Q M ^89

( 1953) .16. Robbine, M.C: Arch. Ind. Hvg. & Occup. Med. 485 ( 195 1 )11, Gerarde, M.W.: Toxicology A Biochemistry of Aromatic Hy-

drocarbons, p- 230, flsevier Pub. Co., NY (1960).

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COAL TAR PITCH VOIATILES«, Benzene Sotuble factionTLV, 0.2 mft/m3. Appendix AU — Recognised Carcinogen

The pitch of coat tar is the black or dark brown amor-phous residue that remains after the redistillation process.The volatile* contain a large quantity of 'ower molecularweight polycvclic hydrocarbons.'1*> As these hydrocarbons(naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, acndine. phenan-rhrene) sublime into the air and there is an increase ofbcwo(a)pyrene (8aP or 3,4-benzpyrene) and other higherweight polycyclic hydrocarbons in the tar and in thefumes. Polycyclic hydrocarbons, known to be carcinogen-ic, are of this large molecular type.

Coal tar is used as a base for coatings and paints, forroofing and paving, and as a binder for carbon electrodes.

DolM4) found that deaths from cancer of (he lungs andpleura of retired gas-workers is approximately two timesthe expected rate.

Coal tar pitch polluted air is characterized by Urgeamounts of phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene and carba-zole. Coal (a* pitch contains approximately 10% polycychchydrocarbons, and three different samples analysed bySawicki et a/* 1 1 gave a concentration of 1 .4% 8aP afone.

Samples collected in urban and nonurban sues 1 *6 1 con-tained a range of 2.4-410 fig BaP/g of peculate (38-2600^g 8aP/gof benzene fraction or 0. 1 1 -61 jig/1000 m 1 of a ir)in the former locations and 0.15-51 pg 8aP/g ot paniculate(9.3-730 fig BaP/g of benzene soluble fraction or 0 01 -1 9 /igBaP/1000 m1 of air) in the tauer'1' during a three-monthperiod, January through March.

Fatk et a/i* 10 * pointed out that the amount of BdP m theair was greater than one would expect on the basts of com-parative quantitative emissions of other hydrocarbons Thecomposition of the hydrocarbons vanes with time and dis-tance, suggesting differences m stabi l ity of the com-pounds. The authors conclude that chrysene, 1 , 12-berupe-ryfene, coronene, and GaP are stable, and phenanihrene, an"unidentified hydrocarbon" and anthranthrene are mostreadily destroyed, usually within 48 hours. Intermediatestability is demonstrated by pyrene (58% recovery in 46hours) and Huoranthrene (80% recovery in 48 hours).

Stability of polycyclic hydrocarbons was also studied byCommins and lawther.c't They point out that the tempera-ture applied to sinter the filter used to collect the samplealtered the apparent stability for BaP. They concluded thatthe filter should never be subjected to temperatures above100° C, no loss of BaP was found after heating 100 jig BaPon a sintered disc in a sealed tube at 100a C for sevenhours.

In further experiments, Kotin et a/81 painted the inter-scapular area of C57 black mice three limes weekly withbenzene extracts of natural smog. First tumors appeared465 days following the initial application.

Fairhall"21 stated that fumes of dust from native asphaltdo not present a substantial health hazard in comparisonwith coal tar fume or dust, citing the work of Hueper'111and Davies.°4> Huepen11" also pointed out that, is a rule, aminimal time of exposure of one to five years ts required todevelop occupational cancer. Similarly, occupational can-102

cers often develop many years after exposure to carcino-gens has ceased. Simmers1'*1 concluded that the degree ofchange noted m the lungs of rats breathing air contami-nated with aromatic polycycltc hydrocarbons is dose-de-pendent.

In its criteria document for coal tar products, MOSHcites papers dealing primarily with coke oven and alumi-num potroom workers-' 171 * study of aluminum industrypoiroom workers 1 '8 ' showed an increase m iung cancermortality. A paper on this industry m the Soviet Union as-sociates such an increase with concentrations of tarry sub-stances between 27 and 2130 mg/m*, while the BaP levelswere between 0 6 and 56 fig/m'.'"') High respiratory mortal-ity among coke oven workers in Great Britain was report-ed.'101 Kidney as well as tung cancer was relatively preva-lent among American coke-oven workers exposed 5 yearsor more.1"'

Ammal studies indicating that lung and kidney tumorswere caused by exposure to coal tar aerosols were aisocited.

the occupational exposure standard recommended byNIOSH was 0.1 rng/m 1 for the cyclohexane extractablefraction |iri A 1977 summary, however, gives 0.2 mg/m 1 asthe NIOSH recommendation for coal tar pitch volati le* i"i

In the absence of more definitive information on th.eident ity of the components of coal tar pitch aerosols re-sponsible for carcinogenic effects, a TLV based on the ben-zene (or other suitable solvent) soluble fraction appears tobe the most practical compromise. If the concentration ofaerosols from coai tar . on [his basis, is maintained below0 2 mg/m1. any increase in the incidence of lung and othertumors, due to occupational exposure, should be minimal

References:1. Sawkke, E., Hauser, T., Stanley, T.W., t Itxrt, W., Fo», F.T.: Am

ind Hvg AsSOC / .'J 482 0%2).2. Ibid.: Anjl Chem IS 1574 (1%1)3. Ibid.: Am Ind Hvg, Assoc / JI.44J <1%u).4. Ootl,ft . :8m / vied 9 180 ( 1952 )5. Tabor, E.G. Hauler, T.E., todg«. J.P., Bu HIM he) I, H.H.: Arch

7.8.

9.10.11.

16.17.

1&

Chambcn, I.A.. Tabor, E.C., Fot«r, M.|.: /bid. ' 6 17 ( 1957)Falk. H.U Markul, I.. Kotin, P.: ibid U 11 ( 1956) .Kotin, P., falk, HA., Mader. P., Thomas. M.: Arch trtd Hvg &Of Ct/p Vted 9 1SJ ( 1954)Kotin, P., f alk, HI.. Thomas, M,: ibid., p tWIbid.: Arch ind Hejith imj (iq$5)Comminj, B.T., Uwther, P.J.: Bnt I Cancer 12 351 ( 1958)

12. Fairhall, LT.: Md Hvg \ewtletler /09 (1950).13. Huep*r, W.C: Occupational Tumors jnd Allied Diseases, po

82-83, CC Thoma*. 5pringf.eldJ H ( 1942)14. Davi**, VAl.: The Practice of Industrial Medicine, p. 191. 1 &

A. Churchill, London (1948).15. Hu«pef, W.C.; Ind. Hvg. Newsletter *7 (1949).

Simnttft, M.H.! Arch. tnv. Health 9:727 (1964).NtOSH: Criteria for A Recommended Standard — Occupation-j/ Exposure to Coal Tat Products, DH6W (NIOSH) Pub. NO78-107 ( 1977) .rhe Aluminum Aieociation: Morality of Aluminum Workers,(mat unpublished report submitted to NIOSH (May. 1977)Cited in rtif. 17.

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APPENDIX

Occupational Health Guideline forCoal Tar Pitch Volatiles

INTRODUCTIONThis guideline » intended at a source of infonnatioa foremployees, employer*, physicians* industrial hygiemsts.•Ad other occupational health professionals who mayhave ft need for auch information. It does not ittempt topresent all data; rather, it presents pertinent informationand data in summary form.SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATIONAnthracene• Formula• Syootiym*: None* Appearance tod odor: Pale green solid with a faintaromatic odor.

• Formosa: d4**M• Synonym* None• Appearance and odor: Colorless solid with a faintaromatic odor.Pyrarw• Formula: Ci*Ht«• Synonyms: None• Appearance: Bright yellow solidCtrbazoto• Formula: CitH.N• Synonyms: None• Appearance and odor. Colorleu solid with a faintaromatic odor.

* Appearance and odor: Colorless solid with a faintaromatic odor.PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)Tne current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatile*is 0.2 milligram of coal tar pitch volatile* per cubicmeter of air (mg/m*) averaged over an eight-hour workshift. NIOSH hat recommended that the permissibleexposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 0.1mg/ffl* (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) avengedOver a work shift of up to 10 hours per day, 40 hours perweek, and that coal tar products be regulated as occupa-tional carcinogens. The NIOSH Criteria Document forCoal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document forCoke Oven Emissions should be consulted for moredetailed information.HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION

* Formula: C»Hu)* Synonyms: BaP» 3,4*bensopyrene

Coal tar pitch volatile* can affect the body if they areinhaled or if they come ia contact with the eye* or skm.* ErYecttofoterexpoovreRepeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatile* has beenassociated with an increased risk of developing bronchi-tis and cancer of the lungs, tkio, bladder, and kidneys.Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to expo-sure effects associated with coal *ar pitch volatile*.Repeated exposure to these materials may also causevualight to have a more severe effect on a penon*a akin.In addition, this type of exposure may cause an allergicskin rash.* Reporting signs and symptomsA physician should be contacted if anyone develops anysigns or symptoms uid suspects that they are caused byexposure to coal tar pitch volatile*.* Recommended medical curvetllaneeThe following medical procedure* should be madeavailable to each employee who u etpoaed to coal t&rpitch volatile* at potentially hazardous levels:

Oo

These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surv«illanc« practices and tltfiir implementation wit)assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However, they may not be suHicifint to achieve compliancewith all requirements of OSHA regulations

U.S. Q€*AAtftiKNT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESPublic Heitm $*rvtc« Centers to> Dts»»« ControlN*lionai intMutt 'o' Occupational Sa'eiv »n

U.S. DEPARTMENT Of LABORSafety and Hatiih

A-3

/. Initial Medical Examination:—A cctapletc history and physical examination: The

purpose ta to detect pre-exiiting condition* that mightplace tbe exposed employee at increased ri&k, and toettabtiah a baseline for future health monitoring. Exami-nation of the oral cavity, respiratory tract, bladder* andbdncy* tboutd be stressed The akin should be exam-ined for evidence of chronic disorder** for premalignantand malignant fesJoa*, and evidence of hyperpignienta-tios or piwto*en*itivity.

—UruHtivtu: Coal tar pitch volatile* are associatedwith aa excec* of kidney and bladder cancer. A urinaly-ti* should be obtained to include at * minimum specificgravity, albumin, glucose, and * microscopic on centri-ftiged sediment, a* well a* a test for red blood cells.~"Ufin*ry cytology; Cot) tar pitch volatile* are asso-ciated with aa etc*** of kidney and bladder cancer.Employee* having 5 or more years of exposure or whoere 43 year* of age or older should have a urinarycytology examination.— Sputum cytology: Cool tar pitch volatile* are a**o-

ciated with aa ex&ss of lung cancer. Employee* having10 or more ye*r* of exposure or who are 45 year* of ageoff older ahoujd have a sputum cytology ex«nio*tiofi.

——14* s IT" chest roentgenogrcm: Coal tar pitchvolatile* are associated with an <;acet» of lung cancer.Surveillance of the lungs i* indicated.— FVC and FBV (1 tec): Coal tar pitch votatiles are

reported to e&use an eices* of bronchhu. Periodicrarveillance is indicated.—A complete blood count: Due to the possibility of

benzene exposure associated with co*2 tar pitch vola-tile*. * complete biood count ta cocaidcfed necessary tosearch for leukemia nod aplastic anemia.— Skfaj diaeaflft: Coal tar pitch volatile* are defattmg

agent* tad can cause dern&atiti* on prolonged exposure.Perftoo* with pre-existing akin disorder* may be moresusceptible to the effects of these agent**Z PrH&iic Varf/c*/ Extminetio*: The aforementionedmedical erammnHop* should be repeated on an annualfa***, and semi-aanually for employees 43 yean of ag«or oWcr or with 10 or more year*' exposure to coal tarpitch volatile*.CoflJ tar pitch volatile* (CTPV) ere product* of thedestructive distillation of bituminous coal and containpolynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon* (PNA's), Thesehydrocajfcons sublime readily, thereby increasing theamount* of earcinogenk compounds in working areas.Epidemioiojpc evidence mggect* that worken intimate-ly expoeed to ths product* of coanbusticn or distillationof bitumtoou* coal are at increased riak of cascer atmany stee. These include cancer of the respiratorytract, kidney, bladder, and skin. In a study of coke ovenworker*, the level of exposure to CTPV and the lengthof time exposed were related to the development ofcancer. Coke oven worker* with the highest riak ofcancer were those employed exclusively at topside job*for 5 or more years, for whom the increased risk of

dying from lung cancer wu 10-fold; ail coke ovenworker* had a 7-H-fold increase in riak of dying fromkidney cancer. Although the causative agent or agent*of the cancer in coke oven worker* i* unidentified, it issuspected that several PNA** us the CTPV generatedduring the coking process are involved. Certain tndu*»trial population* exposed to cod tar products have ademonstrated riak of skin cancer. Substance* containingPNA's which may produce skin cancer also producecontact dermatitis; example* are coal tar, pitch, andcutting oil*. Although allergic dermatiti* i* readilyinduced by PNA's in guinea pig*, it i* only rarelyreported in humans from occupation*! contact withPNA's; these have resulted largely Iron the therapeuticuse of cod tar pre?«Aticm Coinnofi&teofpi^tndcoal tar produce cutaneou* ptic^osensttizaaon; skineruption* are usually limited to area* exposed to the aimor ultraviolet light Most of the pfaototoxic agent* willinduce hypermelanoi* of the skia; if chronic photoder-m*.titi* is severe and prolonged, ieukoderma may occur.Some oil* containing PNA's have been associated withchanges of follicular and sebecaoo* glands which com-monly take tbe form of acne. There is evidence thate&pcattre* to amistion* at coke over* and g§* retort*may be associated with aa bcreaaed occurrence ofchronic bronchitis. Cod tar pitch volatile* may beassociated with benzene, aa agent suspected of causingteukezaia and known to cause aplastic anemia.CHEMICAL AND

1. Molecular weight: 178.21 Boilingpoint(?60mmHg):$40C(644F)3. Specific gravity (water - 1): 1.244. Vapor density (air « ! at boiling point of anthra-

cene): 6. 155. Melfog point; 2!7C(42JF)6. Vapor preaeure at 20 C (68 F): tea* than 1 mm Hg7. Solubility m water, g/100 g w«u~ at 20 C (66 i i

InaolubleS. Evaporation rate (bury! acetate - i); Not Applica-

ble1. Molecular weight: 178.22. Boiling point (760 fluuHg): 340 C (644 F)3. Specific gravity (water <* 0 - 1 . 184. Vspor density (air "= 1 *t boiling point of phen«

anthrene);6.1S6. Vaporpfewureat20C(68 F); Lew than ImmHg7. Solubility « water, g/IQO g water at 50 C (63 F):

Insolubleft. Evaporation rate (butyl acetate » 1): Not apptica-

: Greater than 360 C

co

vOoo

—Pyres*1. Molecular weight: 202.32. Boiling point (760 mm

(greater than 680 F}

2 Coal Tar Pitch Vo)eU(*a

3. Specific gravity (water » 1): 1 .284. Vapor density (air = 1 it boiling point of pyrene):

6.95. Melting point:! 50.4 C (303 F)6. Vapor pressure at 20 C (6ft F): Lett thin I mm Hg7. Solubility in water, g/100 g water it 20 C (68 F):

Insoluble8. Evaporation rate (butyl acetate - t): Not applica-ble

t. Molecular weight: 167.22. Boiling point (760 mm Hg): 355 C (67 1 F)3. Specific gravity (water •* 1): Greater than 14. Vapor density (air * I at boiling point of carba*

zole); 5.81 Melting poiot: 24* C (475 F)6. Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F): Leu than 1 mm Hg7. Solubility in water, g/100 g water at 20 C (68 F):

Insoluble8. Evaporation rate (butyl acetate - I): Not applica-

blei. Molecular weight: 252.31 BoUing point (760 mm Hg): Greater thae 360 C

(greater than 680 F)3. Specific gravity (water »• 1): Greater than 14. Vapor density (air •> 1 at boUing point of

benzo<a)pyreae): s 7$. Melting point: 179 C (354 F)6. Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F): Leu than 1 mm Hg7. Solubility in water* g/100 g water at 20 C (68 F):

Insoluble8. Evaporation rate (butyl acetate - 1): Not applica-

ble• Reactivity

1. Condition! contributing to instability: None haz-ardou*

2. Incompatibilities: Contact with strong oxidizersmay cause fire* and explosions.I. Hazardous decomposition products: None4. Special precaution*: Nonet, Flash point: Anthracene: 121 C (250 F) (closed

cup); Others: Data not available2. Autoignition temperature: Anthracene: 540 C

(1004 F); Other*: Data not available3. Flammable limit* to air, 96 by volume: Anthra*

cgae: Lower* 0.6; Others: Data not available4. Extinguishant: Foam, dry chemical, and carbon

dioxideOraat state* thai "coal tar and iti various crude frac-tion* appear piiaeipfilly to cause reddening and tqua-mou* ecz^sna of the Ud margins, with only imall ero-sions of the cornea! epithelium and lupcrficiil changesin the stroma, which disappear in a month followingexposure. Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumesand duit haft bean reported to cause conjunctivitis anddiscoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure.

either near the limbus or, in extreme cases, across thewhole cornea. Occasionally, epithelioma of the lidmargin ha* beea attributed to contact with coal tar."MONITORING AND MEASUREMENTPROCEDURES* GeneralMeasurement* to determine employee exposure are beattaken so that the average eight-hour exposure is basedon a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hoursamples. Several short-lime interval samples (up to 30minutes) may alto be used to determine the averageexposure level, Air samples should be taken in theemployee's breathing rone (air that would most nearlyrepresent that inhaled by the employee).* MetfcodCoal tar products may be sampled by collection on aglass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extractionand weighing. An analytical method for coal tar pitchvolatile* is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods.2nd Ed.* Vol. 1, 1977. available from the GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, D.C 20402 (GPO No.017-033-00267-3).RESPIRATORS* Good industrial hygiene practices recommend thatengineering controls be used to reduce environmentalconcentrations to the permissible exposure level. How-ever, there are some exceptions where respirators maybe used to control exposure. Respirators, may be usedwhen engineering and work practice controls are nottechnically feasible* when such controls are in theprocess of being installed, or when they fail and need tobe supplemented. Respirators may also be used foroperations which require entry into tanks or closedvessels, and in emergency situations. If the use ofrespirators is necessary, the only respirators permittedare those that have been approved by the Mine Safetyand Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforce-ment and Safety Administration) or by the NationalInstitute for Occupational Safety and Health.* In addition to respirator selection, a complete respira-tory protection program should be instituted whichincludes regular training, maintenance, inspection,cleaning, and evaluation.PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT* Employees should be provided with and required touse impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-inchminimum), and other appropriate protective clothingnc^ssary to prevent skin conuct with condensed coalUr pitch volatile*, where tkin contact may occur.* If employees'clothing may have become contaminat-ed with coal tar pitch volatile*, employees shouldchange into uncontaminated clothing before leaving thework premises.* Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatile*

0s

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fltofrtamter 1*79 Coal T«r Pitch Volatile* 3

should be placed in closed containers for storage until itcut be fftttft1^*^ or until provision is made for theremoval erf cod tar pitch volatile* from the clothing. Ifthe clothing i* to be laundered or otherwise clawed toremove tfee cod tar pitch volatile*, the peraon perform*tog the operation should be informed of cod ur pitchvolatile*'* hoardow properties.* Employee* tbould be provided with and required tou*e ipUife-proof sa/ety goggle* where coadenaed codur pitch volatile* may contact the eyes.SANITATION* Workers wbject to akia contact with cod Ur pitchvolatile* tfeould wa*h with *o*p or mild detergent andwater any are** of the body which may have contactedcod ur pinch volatile* al the end of each work day.* Employee* who handle cod Ur pitch volatile* ihouldwith their hands thoroughly with aoap or mild deter-gent and water before eating, amoking, or uaing toiletfadlitie*.* Area* ia which exposure to cod Ur pitch volatile*may occur thould be identified by tign* or otherappropriate menu, and accea* to tbeae area* thould belimited to authorized person*.COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLSThe following list include* acme common operation* iawhich exposure to eod Ur pitch volatile* may occurand control method* which may be effective in eachcue:

OfMrttkMtUbarationfeomextraction andpackaging from coal t*rfraction of coking

Uaa aa a binding agani[n manufacture of coalbrtaMattaa uavad for nMut* a* a iflatectric fat ft*)nwHif«ctor« of btttory

ControtoPTOCMS «ndo«UN»;kxaUiohaiatvonfflrton; jaoersj

Prooeta *ncio«ur«;

p«r*on«l protoctivo

inductionUM fcn manufactuv ofroofing f«ft« AJKI pap«rtroofing

Proc«*»tocal extiau*tventilation;dilutionpersonal prot&Ctiva•quipmant

OperationOaa for protectivecontiny* tor pipa* torundarground conductstnd draJnaga; u»a a* acoating on concrete aawatefprooftr-g tndeorroaforvratittantmatarial; UM in roadpaving tnd taalfngUta In mtrHjfactura andrape* of refractorybrick; uaa In productionof foundry ooraa; uaa Inmamif actura of cartonearamic rtama

ControttProcaaaanctoaura;local axhauatvantilation; ganaraldilution ventilation;parsortaJ protactivaaqu^mant

Prooew ancfoaura:local axhautivaftffiation; gananuparaoaat pfotacttwaqu^mant

EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURESIB the event of an emergency, ififttitute ftrtt aid proce-dure* and *ena for fint aid or medicd aanitancetf condenttd cod tar pitch volatile* get into the eye*,u/uh eye* immediately with large amount* of water,lining the lower and upper lid* occa*ioo*i]y. If irritationit preaem after waahing. get medicd attention. Contacttenaet ahould not be worn whefi working with theaeebemicd*.If condeoaed cod tur pitch volatile* get on the akin,wa*h the contaminated *k>D u*i0g *o*p or ffiiJd deter-gent and wtter. Be tore to waah the hand* before eatingor smoking and to waah thoroughly at the doae atwork.If a penon breaihe* in targe tfnounts of cod tar pitchvolatile*, move the ezpoaed penon to fresh air at once.if breathing ha* stopped, perform artificial retpiratiocLKeep the effected perton warm and at rest Get medicdattention aa aooa a* poanbte.* R«MMMove the Affected penoo from the hAzanfou* espoanre.If the exposed peraoa ha* been overcome, notify some-one etae and put into effect the eaubliibed emergencyreact* procedure*. Do not become a caiudty. Undcr-it&nd the facility'i emergency rescue procedure* andknow the IOCBOOOJ of rescue equipment before the needuiaea.SPELL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES0 Penon* eat wearing' protective equipment and cloth-ing thould be restricted from area* of release* untilcleanup ha* been completed.e If coal tar pitch volatile) are released in haiardou*concentrations, the following step* should be taken:1. Vemiiite &rea of spill.

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4 Cool Tar

2. Collect released material in the moit convenient andlafe manner for reclamation or for dispotal in sealedcontainer* in a secured unitary landfill.* Waste didpotal method:Coal (ar pitch volatile* may be ditpoaed of in sealedcontainers in a *eeur*d unitary landfill.REFERENCES* American Conference of Government*! IndustrialHygieabtr "Coal Tar Pitch Volatile*," Documentationof the Threshold Umit Values for Substances in Work'tvom Air (3rd cd.. 2nd printing)* Cincinnati* 1974.* Biflgham, E: "Environmental Carcinogen*,'* Arthivtsof Environmental Health, 19:779-S3, DBS 1969.* Biflgham. E,: "Tnre*hofdi in Cancer Inductions,"Archives of Environmtntat Heattkt 22:692-95, June 1971 ,* 'Coke Oven Emission*," Federal Register, 40:32268-32212. July 31 . 1975.* Committee oa Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Pol-lutanta, Division of Medical Sciences, National Re-search Council: Paniculate fofycyclic Organic Matter,National Academy of Sciences, Washington. D.C.,1972,* Faanick, N., et al.: "Exposure to Coal Tar PitchVolatile* at Coke Oven*,** American Industrial HygieneAssociation Journal* 33:461-46*. 1972.* Grant, W. M: Toxtcolo^y of the Eye (2nd ed-X C. C.Tbomw, Springfield, Illinois 1974.* Hittle, D. C* and Stukel. J. J.; "Particle Six* Distri-butioo and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fume*,"American Industrial Mygitne Association Journal, 37:199-2«,1976.* fly&nU Information Gvide No. 89 - Coat Tar PitchVolatile*. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Departmentof Environmental Resources, Bureau of OccupationalHealth, 1972.

* International Labour Office: Encyclopedia of Occupa-tional Health and Safety, McOraw-Hill, New York,1971.* Lloyd, J. W.: "Long-Term Mortality Study of Steel-worker*. V. Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant Work-ers,1 * Journal of Occupational Medicine. 13:53-68, 1971.* Muumdar, S. et al.: "An Epidemiological Study ofExposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatile* among CokeOven Worker*," Journal of the Air Mutton ControlAssociation, 25:382-389,1975.* National Institute for Occupational Safety andHealth, U.S. Department of Health, Education, andWelfare: Criteria fof a Rttommtndtet Standard . . . .Occupational Exposure to Coal Tat Products. HEWPublication No. (NIOSH) 78-107, U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington. D.C, 1977.* National Institute for Occupational Safety andHealth, U.S. Department of Health, Education, andWelfare: $riteria for a Recommendtd Standard . . . .Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions, HEWPublication No, HSM 73-11016* OPO No. 017-0*3*00015, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,D.C., 1973.* Redmond, C. K,, et al.: "Long-Term Mortality Studyof Stcelworken VI. Mortality from Malignant Neo*plums Among Coke Oven Worker*," Journal of Occu~pational Medicine. 14:621429,1972.* Scala, R. A.: "Toxicology of PPOM." Journal ofOccupational Medicine, 17:784-788.1975.* Tye, R.. and Stemmer, K. L.: "E*perimeattl Car-cinogenesu of the Lung. II. Influence of Phenol* in theProduction of Carcinoma," Journal of the NationalCancer Institute, 39:173*179,1967.

OO

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILE8

Condition Minimum R**pfratory Protection*Required Above 0,2 mg/m1

Parttculateafxi VaporConcentration2 mg/m* or iesa A chemical cartridge respirator wfth an organic vapor cartridge!*) and with afume or high-efficiency ffHer.

Any supplied*ajr respirator.Any aetf-contained breathing apparatus.

10 mg/m* or less A chemical cartridge respirator wfth a full facapface and an organic vaporcartridges) and with a fume or hfgh-effldency filter.A gas mask with a ehin-styte or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canisterand with a full faceptece and a fume or high-efficiency filter.Any supplied-alr respirator wfth • full faceptece, helmet or hoodAny setf-contafned breathing apparatus wfth a fuit faceptece.

CMIP,<_vOOO

200 mg/m* or less A Type C supptied-air respirator operated In preteure-demand or Other positivepressure or continuous-flow mode.A powered air-purifying respirator wfth an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter.

400 mg/m* or leaa

Greater than 400 mg/m* orentry and escape fromunknown concentrations

Fire Fighting

A Type C supptied-ak respirator with a full facepfec* operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, helmet, or hoodoperated in continuous- flow mode.

Self-contained breathing apparatus wfth a full faceplece operated In pressure'demand or other positive pressure mode.

A combination respirator which includes a Type C supptted*air respirator with afufl facepiece operated In pressure-demand or other positive pressure or contino*Oils-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus, operated Inpressurd-damand or other positive pressure mode.

Self -contained breathing apparatus wfth a full facepiece operated In pressure*demand or other positive pressure mode.

Escape Any gas mask providing protection agaJntt organic vapors and partfculatea.Including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this ctasa*Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus.

'Only NIOSH-approved or MSMA-approved equipment should be used.