Liliana Rogozea

Towards ethical aspects on Towards ethical aspects on artificial intelligence artificial intelligence

Liliana Rogozea

EthicsEthics

• becomes more and more importantbecomes more and more important

• tthe society development and all knowledge he society development and all knowledge and tools used for this purpose bring a and tools used for this purpose bring a number of number of ethics problemsethics problems

• ??– what the moral problems are what the moral problems are – how we can use artificial intelligence how we can use artificial intelligence • to make good decision not only for one person, to make good decision not only for one person,

• but also for the societybut also for the society

Liliana Rogozea

EthicsEthics

• new dilemmas in ethical field, new dilemmas in ethical field,

• related torelated to – environment, environment, – e-communication, e-communication, – respecting human rights respecting human rights – artificial intelligence.artificial intelligence.

Liliana Rogozea

Human intelligence Human intelligence –– Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence

• an interesting challengean interesting challenge – to develop a software for helping us to take the to develop a software for helping us to take the

best decisions, best decisions, – iit could be inefficient and not enough powerful,t could be inefficient and not enough powerful,

• can’t appreciate all aspectscan’t appreciate all aspects

• a lot of mind properties cannot be, yet, a lot of mind properties cannot be, yet, reproduced by artificial intelligencereproduced by artificial intelligence

Liliana Rogozea

Ethical rightsEthical rights

• For whom?For whom?– not only the people not only the people – the other creatures – natural or artificialthe other creatures – natural or artificial

• to recognize to recognize the importance, the role and the importance, the role and the place of the place of – artificial artificial intelligence in our society, intelligence in our society, – which is not a substitute for human intelligence.which is not a substitute for human intelligence.

Liliana Rogozea

Ethical rightsEthical rights

• honesty, honesty,

• selflessness, selflessness,

• serenity, serenity,

• the right to be use in a peaceful way, the right to be use in a peaceful way,

• respect and a decent “death”. respect and a decent “death”.

Liliana Rogozea

Medical robots and their rights

From experiment to reality

Quality of care

Relation between cyber-doctor and patients

malpracticeLegal rules from which country?

Respect the patients right

– risk of fraud or abuse

Standard of care

Informed consent

ResponsibilityResponsibility- Moral and legal- Moral and legal

AccessibilityAccessibility- Right to be treat- Right to be treat

Access security Access security - confidentiality- confidentiality

Medical ethics – Medical ethics – Artificial Artificial

intelligenceintelligence

Liliana Rogozea

Ethics and artificial intelligenceEthics and artificial intelligence• philosophical questions philosophical questions -- practical aspects. practical aspects.• Artificial intelligence has developed Artificial intelligence has developed

connections betweenconnections between– informatics,informatics,–mathematics, mathematics, – physics and biology, physics and biology, –medicine or logic. medicine or logic.

• an interdisciplinary field an interdisciplinary field • ?? links with medicine links with medicine

Liliana Rogozea

Ethics and artificial intelligenceEthics and artificial intelligence• medical scientific associations medical scientific associations -- AI AI – ddermatology, ermatology, – radiology, radiology, – traumatology, traumatology, – nuclear-resonance, nuclear-resonance, – magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance, – oncology, oncology, – gastroenterology, gastroenterology, – diabetes, diabetes, – endoscopy endoscopy – bio-engineering bio-engineering – public healthpublic health

Liliana Rogozea

Ethics and artificial intelligenceEthics and artificial intelligence• hospital directors, hospital directors, • doctors, doctors, • administrators administrators • managers managers

• European Society from Artificial Intelligence in European Society from Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Medicine – which set up a conference organize which set up a conference organize – every two year since 1985. every two year since 1985.

Liliana Rogozea

malpractice

Respect the patients right

– risk of fraud or abuse

Standard of care

Informed consent

Responsibility- Moral and legal

Right to be treat

confidentiality

Medical ethics – Artificial

intelligence

Liliana Rogozea

Evolution Evolution • When artificial intelligence was developing like a new When artificial intelligence was developing like a new

trend, it looked like trend, it looked like utopiautopia to discuss about this, and of to discuss about this, and of course we didn’t have any ethical problems to solve. course we didn’t have any ethical problems to solve.

• In time it becomes obvious that ethical problems are In time it becomes obvious that ethical problems are really really importantimportant and a lot of organizations try to mark out the and a lot of organizations try to mark out the principal direction where we must interfere.principal direction where we must interfere.

• Using artificial intelligence could help medical system or Using artificial intelligence could help medical system or sick people but also brings a number of ethical problems sick people but also brings a number of ethical problems like: responsibilities, informed consent, respect the patient like: responsibilities, informed consent, respect the patient right.right.

Liliana Rogozea

Few ethical issues are specific to AIFew ethical issues are specific to AI

• Intelligence machine and their role in the human lifeIntelligence machine and their role in the human life• Could the machine have conscience?Could the machine have conscience?• Who has the power: the man or the machineWho has the power: the man or the machine• Is AI modifying the relation between medical doctor / Is AI modifying the relation between medical doctor /

nurse and patients?nurse and patients?• How long and sure is the way to link the AI and medicine?How long and sure is the way to link the AI and medicine?• Could be – in time – the AI a solution for economic Could be – in time – the AI a solution for economic

problems?problems?• Could be the AI a possibility to reduce the discrepancy Could be the AI a possibility to reduce the discrepancy

between accessibility from different citizens from different between accessibility from different citizens from different country to discover in medicine?country to discover in medicine?

Liliana Rogozea

Medical robots and their rights

From experiment to reality

Quality of careRelation between

cyber-doctor and patients

Legal rules from which country?

AccessibilityAccessibility

Access Access security security

Medical ethics – Medical ethics – Artificial Artificial

intelligenceintelligence

Liliana Rogozea

Ethical problems – ethical dilemmasEthical problems – ethical dilemmas

• AI:AI:– is not easy to put the machine to learn from its experience; is not easy to put the machine to learn from its experience; – the robots don’t have the robots don’t have

• the historical experience of development the historical experience of development • the intelligence to learn from the past.the intelligence to learn from the past.

• PeoplePeople– tthe way the people develop their intelligence during the time is he way the people develop their intelligence during the time is

difficult to reproduce by computer.difficult to reproduce by computer.– The human brain The human brain

• has a limit about the possibility to accumulate the knowledge, has a limit about the possibility to accumulate the knowledge, • is brilliant by the way how he combine the piece of information. is brilliant by the way how he combine the piece of information.

• The computer could accumulate in a short time a lot of The computer could accumulate in a short time a lot of information, but is not capable to use the error for the past information, but is not capable to use the error for the past to accumulate knowledge.to accumulate knowledge.

Liliana Rogozea

Ethical problems – ethical dilemmasEthical problems – ethical dilemmas

• could we let the machine to decide for us?could we let the machine to decide for us?– security and privacy security and privacy

• how we connect the human and machine how we connect the human and machine decisions decisions – diagnostic diagnostic – ttreatmentreatment

• how we make the medical decision and.how we make the medical decision and.

Liliana Rogozea

ConclusionConclusion • The domain of Artificial Intelligence helps human The domain of Artificial Intelligence helps human

experts to offer solutions for some problems.experts to offer solutions for some problems.• Technology won’t replace human experts. AI Technology won’t replace human experts. AI

could help the medical experts to extract could help the medical experts to extract information from other solved cases and take into information from other solved cases and take into consideration the results of the last researches.consideration the results of the last researches.

• But the human judgment can’t be replaced.But the human judgment can’t be replaced.• The final decision has to be made by a human The final decision has to be made by a human

expert.expert.

Liliana Rogozea

Medical Medical decisiondecision

HumanHumanMachine Machine

(computer, robots)(computer, robots)

Knowledge, experience, human abilities

Knowledge, patterns

Error is possible? YES

Working together – reducing error

Avantage: ↓ malpractice, better treatment for all, global health

Liliana Rogozea

ConclusionConclusion • In medicine AI can build intelligent tools In medicine AI can build intelligent tools

that have some features usually associated that have some features usually associated with human intelligence, to develop medical with human intelligence, to develop medical experts system.experts system.

• In an ethical way, it is very important to be In an ethical way, it is very important to be a critical user of artificial intelligence.a critical user of artificial intelligence.

• Artificial intelligence is a challenge for all of Artificial intelligence is a challenge for all of us. From science fiction tous. From science fiction to to reality is a to reality is a step, but we must be prepare for thatstep, but we must be prepare for that