Backing up 8 years, well look at FDRs foreign policy in Latin
America. Examine the state of Europe prior to American entry to the
war. Begin examining WWII once American forces enter the
battle.
Slide 3
Lets consider the facts we already know about what America has
done to protect countries in the western hemisphere.
Slide 4
Asks European powers to stay out of the New World. No more
colonies!
Slide 5
The United States would intervene as a last resort to ensure
that other nations in the Western Hemisphere fulfilled their
obligations to international creditors, and did not violate the
rights of the United States or invite foreign aggression to the
detriment of the entire body of American nations.
Slide 6
Ends the possibility that European powers would intervene in
Central and South American affairs. Allows the U.S. to go into
these countries and take care of business.
Slide 7
When FDR takes office, his goal is to establish good relations
with the western hemisphere. Goal is global neutrality. The US
would not act as a police force and intervene in internal politics.
Remained American foreign policy in South America then WWII became
a global distraction.
Slide 8
No not Bill Nye the Science Guy A Senate Committee that
investigates why America got involved in WWI. Conclude that, while
little evidence truly suggested this, that bankers and arms
manufacturers had influenced American intervention in the war.
American reaction = isolationism
Slide 9
FDRs Sec/State from 1933 1944. Helps in the creation of the
United Nations after WWII.
Slide 10
We mentioned that on Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland.
Hitler uses the blitzkrieg, lightning warfare, to quickly attack
Poland.
Slide 11
An alliance! Hitler invades Poland from the west Stalin sends
in Soviet forces from the east By the end of the month, Polish
forces are defeated or effectively destroyed.
Slide 12
Poland falls; Europe is quiet until the spring of 1940. Hitler
conquers Denmark and Norway in under a month. Conquers country
after country, with the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg all
falling quickly.
Slide 13
Slide 14
Hitler pushes west through his newly conquered territory.
French expected Hitler to enter through Belgium as was done in WWI.
Thought the Maginot Line would help defenses. They thought
wrong.
Slide 15
While Hitler conquered all of France, he held Paris and the
north. Southern France remains French (German influenced). Eiffel
Tower continues use as a radio transmitter. Allows Hitler to turn
his eyes on Britain.
Slide 16
Britain had been preparing for war on the homefront. Largely an
air battle, although London remains under siege for one month.
Residents required to have blackout curtains. A failure for Hitler.
Turns his back on Britain.
Slide 17
Japan signs the Tripartite Pact, officially entering WWII. FDR
embargoes important supplies Fuel Iron Ore Oil Steel Rubber
Slide 18
Roosevelt defeats Wendell Wilkie in the election of 1940,
carrying 38 of 48 states and winning an unprecedented 3 rd
term.
Slide 19
Effectively ends American isolationism in 1941 when FDR pledges
to send wartime supplies to countries in need the allies. "What do
I do in such a crisis? I don't say... 'Neighbor, my garden hose
cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it' I don't want $15 I want
my garden hose back after the fire is over. - FDR in a press
conference
Slide 20
First extended to Great Britain Months later, extended to USSR
Sen. Robert Taft: Lend- lease is a lot like chewing gum You dont
want it back. Sept. 11, 1941 shoot on sight
Slide 21
A military genius Commander of all Japanese forces in WWII.
Mastermind of the Pearl Harbor attacks
Slide 22
Congresswoman Womens Army Corps The Women in WWII group did an
excellent job outlining what this group did and what opportunities
it provided women with. Clerks, drivers, technicians, nurses
Slide 23
WWII production was maximized by government efforts.
Acknowledgements by allies for being a key factor in the war
effort.
Slide 24
Japanese forces focus on the Philippines, another American
stronghold in the Pacific. General Douglas MacArthur does not fully
understand how powerful the Japanese forces are. 75,000 troops
surrender in May, 1942, in the single largest surrendering of
troops under American control in history.
Slide 25
Prisoners are forced to march from the coast to inland POW
camp. Marched 80 miles. Many prisoners die of starvation,
exhaustion, or disease.
Slide 26
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQW dETwFACs
Slide 27
An American military strike against Tokyo. Minimal damage done,
minimal gain, but the Americans finally see something good in the
Pacific.
Slide 28
The US attempts to block the Japanese from gaining territories
too close to Australia in the Pacific. Battle of Coral Sea is
immediately inconclusive, yet effectively terminates the Japanese
threat in the Pacific basin.
Slide 29
Each of the three axis powers sought to establish an empire in
their own sphere in the world. They worked together, separately.
The allies worked to put down the axis powers; considered Germany
the most dangerous power to contend with.
Slide 30
After Pearl Harbor, Americans grow increasingly fearful of what
persons of enemy descent might be capable of (ie: communicating
with ships off shore) Executive Order 9066 allows for the creation
of internment camps around the country.
Slide 31
Relocation centers (camps) opened around the country. Many of
them were not fully finished at the time of their opening. Fort
Lincoln (ND) originally opened to house German sailors and would
come to hold Italians and Japanese. Removal overseen by the War
Relocation Authority.
Slide 32
A memoir by Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston. Two accounts of
conditions in the camp and an insight into Japanese culture.
Slide 33
A very cautious and narrow Supreme Court decision. Upheld that
Exec. Order 9066 was legit. Said that relocation was a separate
matter.
Slide 34
Ordered the detainment of sworn citizens to cease
Slide 35
In June 1941, Hitler sends forces into the USSR to capture
major cities, including Moscow. Hitler did not account for brutal
Russian winters. Slash and burn tactics by retreating Soviets left
little resources for massive armies to use.
Slide 36
Hitlers armies are unable to further invade the USSR USSR moves
westward towards German border.
Slide 37
Allies agree that an invasion of Sicily would be their way into
Europe. July 1943 Dwight Eisenhower, Joint Commander of US/British
Forces After 5 weeks, Italy surrenders, Mussolini is ousted, and
Italy declares war on Germany.
Slide 38
Allies bombed around the clock to strike strategic German
positions or facilities. Bombers suffer high casualty rates
Tuskegee Airmen lost no one Battle of Midway in the Pacific turns
the tide of war in the Pacific. At Guadalcanal, Americans go on the
offensive in the Pacific.
Slide 39
Slide 40
Military codes could be broken in as a little as two hours.
Developed by Philip Johnston Recruits 29 Navajo speakers to the
armed forces. It remains the only unbroken code in modern military.
Successful stumps Japanese, brings about a faster end to Pacific
war.
Women were able to secure employment in many industries, from
blue collar factory jobs to white collar office jobs. Emergence of
Day Care Centers Women held jobs for husbands WWII set womens
employment on an increasing trend thru the 40s and 50s.
Slide 43
For African Americans, victory from fascism and victory from
discrimination Championed by A. Philip Randolph
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJ7sa7 x0h6w
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJ7sa7 x0h6w To quell Civil Rights
concerns, Roosevelt issues Exec. Order 8802, ensuring non-
discriminatory practices in govt jobs.
Slide 44
After 8802, many African Americans champion equal rights. NAACP
membership = half million CORE founded in 1942 Randolph can be
credited with providing the impetus for ending segregation in the
armed forces. (Truman)
Slide 45
Detroit sees racial violence over housing (summer 1943) Zoot
Suit Riots Mexicans/Mexican Americans and white Americans.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsFN 2fMLL-s
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsFN 2fMLL-s
Slide 46
The Teheran Conference was the first time Stalin, Churchill,
and FDR met in person. Agree to invade France
Slide 47
Eisenhower is appointed as Supreme Commander of Allied Forces
Leads Canadian, British, and American forces on an invasion of five
beaches along the Normandy coast. Set up false invasion plans at
Calais so that Hitler would send more troops there.
Slide 48
Troops land on the beaches and meet stiff resistance from
German fighters. Encounter mine fields along the beach. Ultimately
proves successful, although thousands of soldiers would die.
Slide 49
An assassination attempt was made on Hitlers life on July 20,
1944. Captured in the movie Valkyrie; although Valkyrie was not the
specific operation to kill Hitler.
Slide 50
As American troops advance across France into Belgium and
Germany, Hitler wants to create confusion. Puts a Bulge in the
American line American troops persevere Ends up crippling German
army
Slide 51
Germany surrendered to Eisenhower. Known as V-E Day. FDR had
died one month earlier. Truman is President. Hitler commits suicide
on April 30.
Slide 52
Island hopping was main strategy Capture one island, move to
next Slowly weakens Japan Major increase in kamikaze attacks 36
days for Marines to capture Iwo Jima Okinawa is next major battle,
allows Americans to capture/bomb other Japanese cities.
Slide 53
6-Hiroshima 9-Nagasaki 15- V-J Day, Emperor Hirohito surrenders
Final death toll in WWII was 60 million (many civilian
casualties)