LIGHTNING PROTECTION - World Radio History

Including

SERVICEMagazine

LIGHTNING PROTECTIONfor TV & COMMUNICATION ANTENNAS

50'March 1960

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dealer -serviceman's fuse rack

mostneeded

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.for wall mounting

LITTELFUSE,USEiG 1 /16Nao

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mostwantedwanted

the FUSEMASTERILITTELFUSE

dealer -serviceman's fuserequirements at a glance

s

U

ALBERT J. FORMAN

ARTHUR P. SALSBERG

JACK HOBBS

B. V. SPINETTAROBERT E. TALL

C. F. DREYER

M. FARRIS

ELECTRONICTECHNICIAN

World's Largest Electronic Trade Circulation

Editor

Managing EditorTechnical EditorAssistant Editor

Washington EditorConsultant Art Director

Editorial Assistant

Address all mail to480 Lexington Ave., New York 17, N. Y.

Telephone YUkon 6-4242

HOWARD A. REED Publisher

BUSINESS DEPARTMENT

C. HENNESSY New England Sales Manager

W. ZURKAN Eastern Soles Manoger

N. McALL ISTER Production Manager

M. RUBIN Circulation Manager

J. PREVET Asst. Circulation Manager

M. KANF Accounting Manager

A. MOYLAN Accounting Supervisor

P. H. DEMPERS JR. Regional Manager

10 E. Huron St., Chicago 11, III.

Telephone Michigan 2-4245

CHRIS DUNKLE & ASSOCIATES

California Representative740 S. Western Ave., Los Angeles 5, Calif.

Telephone DUnkirk 7-6149

420 Market St , San Francisco 11, Calif.Telephone SUtter 1-8854

BERNIE EDSTROM Regional Manager15605 Madison Ave., Cleveland 7, Ohio

Telephone LAkewood 1-7900

JOHN R. KIMBALL & CO.Mountain States

420 Market St., San Francisco 11, Calif.Telephone DOuglas 2-9183

ABC):

ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN 8 Circuit Digests,including Service, March. 1960. Vol. 71, No.3. S.50 a copy. Published monthly by ElectronicTechnician, Inc. Publicotion office, Emmett St.,Bristol, Conn. Editorial, advertising and execu-tive offices, 480 Lexington Avenue, New York 17.Telephone YUkon 6-4242.

Entered as second class matter at the Post Officeof Bristol, Conn., June 10, 1954. Subscriptionrates: United States and Canada, $4.00 for oneyear; $6.00 for two years; 58.00 for three years.Pan American and foreign countries: $7.00 forone year; S14:1.00 for two years; $14.00 for threeyears. Copyright 1960 by Electronic Technician,Inc., New York. H. Reed, President; A. F011110.1,Executive Vice -President. Title registered in U. S.Patent Office. Reproduction or reprinting pro-hibited except by written outhorizotion of pub-lisher. Printed in U.S.A. by Hildreth Press.

Including

SERVICEMagazine

March, 1960

Communication and TV antennas are prime targets for lightning. Hazards

may involve fires and personal injury, as well as equipment damage. For tried and tested methods

for protecting against lightning, see article stortinc on page 34.

The Three Faces Of Industry (Editorial) 31

Tuning in the Picture 32

Install Antenna Lightning Protection L G Sands 34

"Tough Dog" Corner D A Daleske, L. C. Kisor 37

Service That Audio Amplifier Mannie Horowitz 38

Uses for Closed -Circuit TV 40

Measure Your Service Operations, Part II A E. Kimball 41

Stop TV -Radio Interference Jerry Wells 42

Shop Hints C B Bailey, H. Leeper, G. F. 45

Building a Technical Library 46

Servicing Automatic Toasters Harold Katz 48

FCC Radio Statistics 60

Free Literature 61

Stop Shipping and Billing Errors H J. Ashe 64

Cases from the Files of the "Kilocycle Kops" 72

Editor's MemoLetters to the EditorNews of the IndustryReps. 8 Distrs.Catazogs & Bulletins

6 Audio Newsletter8 Calendar of Coming Events

14 Association News20 New Products24 New Books

2633587885

Preceding Back Cover

IN THIS ISSUE116 pp. latest schematics-see last

page)

ANDREA: TV Chassis VS -323 Series

GENERAL ELECTRIC: TV Chassis M569

PHILCO: TV Chassis 10L41 8 U,10L42 8 U, 10L43 8 U

RCA: Transistor Radio 1-T-4 Series

WESTINGHOUSE: FM Radio ChassisV-2400-1

Radio & TV Service owner JIMMY HULL says :

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Put an end to call-backs with these quality Mallory products...

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Economically priced Mallory filter capac-itors, service proved for top performance incoupling and bypass applications. Alsospecial TCX type for -55° C.

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Unmatched for transistor radios . . . givesteady power, last several times longer, stay"alive" for years when idle. The batterythat's "first" in space in U. S. satellites.

"For the past 35 years, I have built my business oncustomer satisfaction-satisfaction guaranteed or theirmoney back. There are two reasons why I feel safe inmaking this offer: I personally check all sets forproper operation before delivery to the customer . . .

and I use only the most dependable replacementparts. I prefer Mallory components because theyalways deliver the kind of performance that backs upthe guarantee I offer my customers."Like service technicians across the country, JimmyHull knows that he can depend upon quality through-out the wide line of Mallory components. For

instance, there's the Mallory Gem-a tubu-lar capacitor unequalled in coupling, buffer,filter and by-pass applications. Gems areloaded with extra -service features. Moisture -proof case protects against change of capacityor insulation resistance. Locked -in leadswon't open or loosen when pulled, evenunder soldering -iron heat. Conservative rat-

ings assure complete reliability and long life.Mallory Gems are available in all popular ratings.Get them in the handy "Five -Pack" that keeps yourstock clean and orderly with kink -free leads. What -

2 ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN March, 1960

ilk

guarantee customer satisfaction"

ever your component needs, see your Mallorydistributor; he has the widest line of quality Malloryproducts ... at sensible Mallory prices.

Distributor Division

ALLORP.R.MALLORV & Ca Inc.

. Pt. NIA .LORY & CO. Int., INDIANAPOLIS 6, 11431ThA

Jimmy Hull owns and manages Hull's Radio &TV Service in Evansville, Indiana, serving an areawithin a 60 -mile radius of the city. An early wire-less operator, Jimmy has been in service work fromthe crystal set days to the present highly complicatedcolor TV sets. Before going into business for himselfhe was the only radio service man for Sears, Roebuck& Company within a 100 -mile radius of the cityfor eight years.

ELECTRONIC TE:HNICIAN March, 1960 3

GAB 0,I1A11

...with a buy -the -best, buy-now message

boosting G -E BLACK-DAYLITE Picture Tubes!

It's safe to count on the big lift popularDave Garroway will give your business !And smart to plan ahead, in order to squeezeevery penny of sales value out of the adver-tising dollars General Electric is spending.So... make sure that picture -tube and serv-ice prospects who see Dave Garroway knowyou install General Electric tubes !

Install the PROFIT PAIR

Identification's easy, with the attractivenew displays and other promotions GeneralElectric has for you. They tie in your storeor shop with Garroway; they will keep yourphone busy with more jobs, tube installa-tions, profits. See your G -E tube distributor !Distributor Sales, Electronic ComponentsDiv., General Electric Co., Owensboro, Ky.

111LIWY

SERVICE -DESIGNED

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safely tests PNP and NPN transistors either "in or out"of the circuit. Covers wide range of types: small signalincluding "drift" types, medium power; and powertypes Provides positive check for "opens," shorts, andgain-condition indicated by means of a visual indicatorplus jacks for meter or scope. Also provides GO -NO-GO testat practical currents-and permits matching of similartransistor types. No set-up required-no further leakagetests necessary. Model 100 is compact, lightweight, com-plete, and ready -to -use . . . helps you cash -in on the bigprofits in the fast growing transistorized equipmentservicing field!MODEL 100-Wired and factory tested $19.95 NET

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outstanding reliability, accuracyProvides 3 important tests: amplifiertypes tested for gain by DynamicMutual Conductance method-powertypes tested for cathode current byCathode Emission method-all typestested for shorts and grid error byGrid Circuit Test developed andpatented by Seco. Dynamic MutualConductance Test pre -wired to elim-inate elaborate set-up. Cathode Emis-sion Test done by free point pin -selector method-will not be obsoleted.Completely self-contained in portablecarrying case.MODEL 101-Wired and factory tested $139.50 NET

MODEL HC -1IN.CIRCUITCURRENTCHECKER

positive, on -the -spot checkof horizontal output current!This new, low-cost current checkerprovides simple means for making apositive on -the -spot check of TV hori-zontal circuits. Can be placed into thecircuit in seconds-no unsoldering ofcircuit wiring-immediately indicateswhether horizontal tube cathode cur-rent is within manufacturer's recom-mended limits. Valuable as a fast,accurate indicating device when ad-justing horizontal drive and linearity.Eliminates one of the most commoncauses of callbacks. Compact, inex-pensive, easy to use -MODEL HC-6-Wired and factory tested 512.95 NET

MODEL GCT4GRID CIRCUITTESTER

fast check of critica"control grid" conditionsModel GCT-8 checks "control grid"condition of vacuum tubes faster,more accurately than any other tester!As many as eleven simultaneouschecks-automatically! Quickly spotsgrid errors and leakage-stops guess-ing, substitution checking, and costlyrechecks. Electron -Eye tube indicatesfaults at a glance. Truly portable.The perfect companion to any testerthat employs only conventional gasand shorts test. Carry it on all calls.MODEL GCT4 Complete kit . . . $11.19 NET

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Editor'sMemo

"The public be damned"-CommodoreWilliam Vanderbilt.

In this day of corporate enlighten-ment-community relations, charitablecontributions, aid to education, etc.-itcomes as a surprise to find a businessgiant that withholds product informa-tion beneficial to its customers.

I'm referring to Sears, Roebuck andCo., which is practicing a new andinsidious version of Captive Service. It'sdone very simply. By restricting theamount of service data made availableto independent service dealers, it be-comes more difficult or costly for inde-pendents to compete with Sears' ownservice in repairing Silvertone sets.

Of course, this adversely affects theconsumer since service is not made asreadily available in local TV shops. Freeenterprise competition is not given anopportunity to be fully exercised.

Recently we asked Sears to makeservice data available to us, so we couldpass it on to our readers. They refusedto do so unless impossible conditionswere met. The devious excuse wouldrequire us to promise prompt publica-tion of "all of the data . . . of all sche-matics (television, radio, stereo and taperecorders) in the Silvertone line." Theitalics and parentheses are Sears', notmine. It would be like printing a Searscatalog.

I know of no other significant com-pany selling TV sets that has such ashort-sighted, selfish, Captive Servicepolicy. Every set maker is glad to dis-seminate service data to independents.Montgomery Ward is pleased to co-operate. For the sake of their owncustomers, all companies are glad toprovide data to independents; that is,all except Sears.

The reason for Seass' negative atti-tude toward independents doubtlesslystems from solid economic motivations.Consider how Sears has been expandingits own service department. On top ofrepair profits, customers who chargetheir bills on the Sears credit plan aresocked an extra 18% per year in inter-est.

Sears has a perfect right to operateits own service department. But hold-ing back service data to independents-thinly veiled excuses notwithstanding-is about as arrogant a bit of corporatepolicy as has come down the pike in along time.

6ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN March, 1960

Call YourV -M

DistributorToday!

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V-M/MODEL 1404 HI-FI STEREO AMPLIFIER - An AC

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input for TV plus ... outputs to drive a stereo or mono-phonic tape recorder $139.95* List

THE IDEAL AMPLIFIER FOR ANY CUSTOM INSTALLATION !

V-M/MODEL 1405 HIGH-FIDELITY TUNER-A combina-tion AM -FM Tuner with Armstrong FM and Superhetero-

dyne circuits. FM Automatic Frequency Control. Built-inAM antenna. External inputs. Equipped with FM Multiplex

stereo adaptor jack for future use $99.95* List

V-MrSTEREO-MATIC'A AUTOMATIC 4 -SPEED REC-

ORD CHANGERS-Acclaimed the world's finest changers!

Play all record sizes and speeds both stereo and mono-phonic. Present monophonic records sound better thanever before! Also available with a 4 -pole motor and plug-

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ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN March, 1960 7

ab has the answercontrol problems

rASTATCHDualRadiohms

No need to fence with dual concentric replacements. . . your problems are solved with CENTRALAB ModelF and R controls. Just match front and rear units withproper resistance and taper-cut shafts to length (it'seasy with the CENTRALAB SK -2 precision Shaft-KutTool)-snap together, and touche, you're ready to go.

You won't be foiled by switch problems, either.Just parry them by snapping on a Fastatch KR lineswitch if needed.

Fastatch Radiohms enable you to meet the dernandfor an immense variety of dual concentrics with aminimum of components. (The handy FDK-100 Kitprovides coverage of 90% of your dual controlrequirements.) Ask your distributor for full informa-tion about CENTRALAB Model F & R controls.

CENTRALAB products are listed in PHOTOFACTS,COUNTERFACTS, and THE RADIO -ELECTRONIC MASTER.

abj ELECTRONICS Dr.'!SION OF GLOBE -UNION INC.902C E. KEEFE AVE MILWAUKEE 1, WIS.IN CANADA: P.O. Box 400. Ajax. Ontario

CONTROLS ROTARY SWITCHES CERAMIC CAPACITORSPACKAGED ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS ENGINEERED CERAMICS

LETTERSTo the Editor

Rat RaceEditor, ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN:

Give us more articles on the businessend of this rat race. All good tech-nicians are mostly poor businessmen.We really don't know cost accounting.Keep up the good job you are doing.

C. R. COUCH, JR.Couch's, Inc.Gainesville, Florida

Address CorrectionEditor, ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN:

We wrote to Peerless Radio as listedin the Japanese radio directory on page38 of your December 1959 issue. Ourcard was returned. Maybe you have thewrong address.

E. A. SMITHLauraville RadioBaltimore, Maryland

Our apologies. The correct address is:Peerless Radio Distr., 92-32 MerrickRoad, Jamaica, L.I., New York.-Ed.

Marine Radio PrecautionEditor, ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN:

I read the article "Precautions forInstalling Marine Radios" in your Jan-uary issue, and want to point up amistake that has been made by manytechnicians trying, as the expressiongoes, to make an honest buck in some-one else's field-mine. The paragraphon noise suppression states that acapacitor should be installed on thegenerator from armature lead to groundand/or field lead. Prior to installing theand/or part on the field lead, the cus-tomer should be asked if he has anyspare generators lying around the keelof the boat, or the trunk of the car.Undoubtedly, he will be needing itwithin several months, if not withinseveral hours.

We have found it best to use coaxialcapacitors in the armature lead. So faras the field lead is concerned, a 3 to 6ohm resistor in series with a 0.004micromicrofarad capacitor connectedfrom field to ground usually does thetrick.

DAVID GOODMANWLAK Electronics ServiceLakeland, Florida

Perhaps reader Goodman meantmicro farad instead of micromicrofarad,since most instructions call for a 0.002microfarad or larger capacitor with a4 to 6 ohm resistor in series to ground.In some cases, r -f series choke coils arerecommended, as well as coaxialcapacitors.-Ed.

(Continued on page 10)


in the sets you

Are you satisfied with your mark-ups on tran-sistor radios? Channel Master dealers work onlarge margins, even on price leaders. Are you sell-ing the brand that does the big volume? ChannelMaster radio sales are in the top "Big 3". Are youbuilding customer confidence? Channel Master'sspectacular Free Replacement Warranty does justthat-and it's the fastest sales -closer you've everseen.

in the sets you

...today's fastest -growing favorite in replace-ment tubes comes in the red, white, and blueChannel Master carton. Each premium -quality tubemeets Channel Master's new, higher standards foruniformity, long -life, and performance. Dealers aregladly breaking old habits and making ChannelMaster their new "first choice" in replacementtubes. That's why Channel Master tube sales aredoubling every month, an unprecedented recordof growth and acceptance.

Call your distributor today for full details.

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A TUBE TESTER FOR EVERY PURPOSEHere's how easy it is to test all tube types with a MERCURYTUBE TESTER - completely, accurately - IN JUST SECONDS

JUST SET FILAMENT AND LOAD CONTROLS...INSERTTUBE...

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IMPORTANT! Mercury Tube Testers positively cannot become obsolete as theyare engineered to accommodate all new tube types as introduced. New tube listingsare furnished periodically to all registered owners.

Model 101 Portable Tube TesterTHE SPEED AND ACCURACY OF A MULTIPLE SOCKET

TUBE TESTER AT A FABULOUSLY LOW PRICEChecks emission of over 700 tube types ... Checks inter -elementshorts, leakage and gas content ... Checks all sections of multi-purpose tubes ... Housed in sturdy gray hammertone steel case... Handy tube chart contained in special back compartment ...Size, 9 x 8'2 x 234". Model 101 $

Dealer Net399$

Model 102-P Portable Tube TesterA DELUXE TESTER AT A SENSIBLE PRICE

Checks emission of over 700 tube types ... Checks inter -element shorts, leakage and gas content .. Checks allsections of multi -purpose tubes . . Checks diodes, filamentand external continuity, power rectifiers, pilot lamps, autoand TV fuses ... Housed in handsome oak carrying casewith compartment for all test leads ... Size, 11 x 12 x 4'2".

Model 102-P $5950Dealer Net .

Model 102-C Caddy Tube TesterA TUBE TESTER AND TUBE CADDY 'ALL IN ONE'Includes the specifications of the Model 102-P above ...Tester fits securely on guiders but can easily be removed

Tube caddy will hold over 125 tubes ... Convenientdrawer stores tools and test leads. Size, 93. x 16 x 13's".

Model 102-C $7450Dealer Net .

Model AD -1 CRT Adapter available ... makes Mercury Tube Testers highlyaccurate picture tube testers of all black and white picture tubes (including the new $195short neck 110 degree RCA type) for emission, shorts and gas content. Dealer Net ...

Model 201 Self -Service Tube TesterA VALUABLE MONEY -MAKING ASSISTANT IN YOUR SHOP

Checks quality (emission, shorts and gas) of over800 tube types ... Checks each section of multi-purpose tubes ... Tests all 6 and 12 volt stand-ard auto radio vibrators ... Handy push buttonfuse can be reset manually-never needs re-placement ... Tube compartment with own lockholds over 400 tubes ... Tube storage drawerswith tube carton dividers and drawer sheetsprovide for automatic inventory control ...Etched aluminum panel always retains its hand-some appearance ... Takes only 19" x 19" offloor space. Stands 6'1" high... Illuminated col-orful plastic display tops the cabinet ... Colorful

window streamers supplied with each testerto attract customers.

Model 201-F (Floor Model) $158"Dealer Net ...

Model 201-C (Counter Model) 510950Dealer Net ..

SEE YOUR LOCAL ELECTRONICS PARTS DISTRIBUTOR

anelazaj ELECTRONICS CORP.manufacturers of quality electronic products

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10

(Continued front page 8)

Printed Circuit ProblemsEditor, ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN:

In your November Editor's Memo youseem to favor printed circuits, whichwas a surprise. I have spent hours witha jeweler's eye piece, trying to find acrack in an intermittent set until I'mhalf blind. Then you do find the break.By the time you get it back in thecabinet, you have the same thinghappen. I'm even afraid to pull sometubes out, afraid the socket will pullout too. Some tubes that run hot lookas though the printed circuit has beenon fire. I just wonder what some ofthese printed sets will look like in 10years time. In spite of this, I still likeELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN.

DUANE TOLBYCouncil Bluffs, Iowa

There certainly are servicing prob-lems peculiar to printed circuits, andsome of the early designs are dogs.Most current sets, however. are not sofragile, and have been designed withfuture servicing in mind.-Ed.

Who's The Guinea Pig?Editor, ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN:

If Consumers Union thinks someoneshould be the recipient of the title,"Guinea Pig," it must be the servicetechnician who not only has beenplagued with harnesses threaded backand forth between two or three partchassis, but also others which must betaken in parts to the shop. Some setsrequire chassis removal to clean thepix tube. Most technicians are game totackle everything that comes along, andprinted circuits are not an exception.The resentment could not be attributedas much to printed boards as to themethod used to introduce them. On thebrighter side, many improvements havebeen cited and more will undoubtedlyfollow. Accessibility is greatly improved.Hand wiring sets have made greaterstrides with better parts layout andneater wiring. The manufacturers whohave placed their confidence in inde-pendents can be assured that theircustomers will receive the courtesy andservice such companies would like toextend personally.

FLOYD N. STRONGStrong's TV & RadioChardon, Ohio

Spare Time LearningEditor, ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN:

I just finished reading Melvin J.Miller's letter in the January issue,complaining about not being able tobuy your magazine after "spending$27.00 of his own money and most ofhis spare time trying to learn the busi-ness." When I get over the giggles, I'vegot news for him. How in the worldcan a man spend $27.00 and his sparetime to learn any business?

BILL HARTHart T.V.Osciola, Wisconsin


ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN March, 1960

How to get aCommercialFCC LICENSE! Automation

do you know what an FCC licensereally can do for you in Electronics?

O MORE INCOME FOR YOU EVERY WEEK

O MORE INTERESTING JOB IN ELECTRONICS

The chances are very good that if you ore reading this magazine you canqualify for the really good jobs in electronics like those shown in the pic-tures . . . and it won't take long to do it. Your post training and ex-perience in basic electronics con be the foundation for a profitoble careeras an "across-the-board" electronics technician.

Whether you run your own shop or work for someone else, the real money,the interesting work, is available to the man who can handle the morecomplex electronic assignments.

The Career Information Material shown below will show you how you canqualify for a commercial FCC License . . . and acquire a really fine tech-nical education. Find out how your success with the FCC examination is

guaranteed . . . or your money back. You will also find out which jobsrequire the FCC license . . . where technicians are needed . . . and manyother facts about opportunities for you in electronics.

It will cost you only the price of a postage stamp to get all the facts.You owe it to yourself to ask us to send you information on profitablecareers in electronics.

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Please sent FREE Career Information Material prepared to help meget ahead in Electronics. I have hod training or experience in Elec-tronics as indicated below:

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G -C ZERO -MIST SPRA-KOATNo. 8667 Cools circuits instantly,saves hours locating intermittentlydefective components including ca-pacitors, resistors and transistors.16 oz. spray can.

Dealer Net $2.17

NEW G -C RED -X HIGH VOLT-

AGE CORONA DOPE No. 50-2Prevent corona shorts on high volt-age circuits in TV sets. Used bymany of the leading TV set manu-facturers. Excellent high voltage in-sulating qualities. Easy to apply, airdrying. 2 oz. bottle.

Dealer Net $0.72

6 oz. SPRA-KLEEN FREE!When You Buy ZERO -MIST

Spra-Kleen ... the finest TV Tuner Clearer on the

FREE! I market made by the original manufacturers of elec-tronic chemicals. Eliminates dust, dirt and corrosionthe easy way.

GCELECTRONICS

FREE...DE-OX-IDWhen You Buy

RED -X CORONA DOPEDe -Ox -Id ... the miracle cleaner :hat prevents contactoxidation. A dependable and superior cleaner for allelectronic contacts.

Regular

660Value

°FREE!

G -C ELECTRONICS CO GET THE FACTS ON ALL G-CMIDivision of Textron Inc. Chemicals and Cements, Align- -

West Plant: Los Angeles 18, California Main Plant ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.

ACT TODAY! CUT OUT AND TAKE TO YOUR JOBBER FOR FREE OFFER...

FREE COUPONYOU BUY 1 G -C Zero -Mist Spra-Koat No. 8667

Dealer Net $2.17YOU GET FREE 1 G -C Spra-Kleen Cleaner No. 8666 Worth 994

Finest TV Tuner Cleaner on the Market.Coupon void If taxed, prohibited or restricted by law.Cash value: 1 /20th of 1$. Offer Expires April 30, 1960.G -C ELECTRONICS CO., Division of Textron Inc.

Los Angeles 18, California Rockford, Illinois

ment Tools, Service Aids, Hard-ware and all the rest. Send

.1140111Ns

postcard for :his free GC Cateog! -a- -

FREE E CCCCC ONMS COUPONYOU BUY 1 C -C Red -X TV High Voltage

Corona Dope No. 50-2-Dealer Net $0.72YOU GET FREE 1 G -C De -Ox -Id No. 19-1 Worth 664

The Miracle C eaner that prevents Contact Oxidation.Coupon voui if taxed, prohibited or restricted by law.

Cash value: 1 /20th 31 14. Offer Expires April 30, 1960.G -C ELECTRONIZS CO., Division of Textron Inc.

Los Angeles 18, California Rockford, Illinois


more, new, excitement from Shell

CITIZEN'S BAND TRANSCEIVER

COMPLETE... READY TO USEEQUIPPED FOR 115 VOLT ACAND 12 VOLT DC MOBILE USE

Conforming with all FCC specificationson any of the 22 authorized channels.The transmitter is plate modulated anddelivers the maximum allowable powerof 5 watts input. Microphone: ceramic,Receiver: Super Regen with RF Ampli-fier, Sensitivity: 1 Microvolt usable sig-nal, Toning Range: Continuous from26.965MC to 27.255MC, Dimensions: 43/s"x 111/2" x VA". $7995VOLUME TUBE SALES

EXTRAORDINARY PROFITS

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TM -18The TM -18 has the same panel and performingqualities as the S-18. Can be utilized profitablyin a service shop. (attachable leg unit available)

DEALER NET PRICE $91.85

S-1818 sockets test over 800 tube

types Test each side of multi-purpose tubes Tests 6 and 12volt vibrators Three controls Full emission test Only 15" x 19"of floor space Stores over 400tubes in sliding drawers


DELUXE 102 Enginedred to accommodate new type tubesas they are produced Largest selective tubechart available, lists and checks more tubesthan any other self-service tube tester Com-plete emission tester Vibrator tester, checks6 and 12 volt vibrators 102 sockets, oneknob control Stores over 400 tubes Checkseach side of multi -purpose tubes


SHELL ELECTRONICS MFG. CORP. 112 STATE ST. WESTBURY, N

(Continued from page 10)

Free Literature'editor, ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN:

I sure do appreciate your having theelectronic literature sent to me fromthe various manufacturers. I just can';tell you how much of a help it is inservicing and buying products. Keepup the good work.

STANLEY TUHOSKITurin, New York

To receive copies of bulletins listedor more information on products de-scribed, fill in coupon on the free liter-ature page.-Ed.

From CanadaEditor, ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN:

As a full time radio -TV technician,I would like to express my appreciationof your magazine. Every page gets readand reread, and many of its ideas havebeen used to my advantage in servicing.I have not noticed many letters fromWinnipeg in your columns. I want youto know that you have at least oneardent follower in Central Canada.

F. H. FRENCHWinnipeg, Canada

News of the Industry

TUNG-SOL reports the followingtwo promotions: RICHARD W. MOHR,Supervisor of Sales Analysis and Con-trols; and JOHN D. VAN DER VEER,to the newly created post of Mgr. ofGovt. Relations.

GENERAL ELECTRIC reports theappointment of five men to positions inthe recently established audio productssection of the radio receiver dept.:MARSHALL BARTLETT, JR., Market-ing Mgr.; GEORGE M. MIESENHEL-DER, Mgr. of Finance; WILL M.QUINN, JR., Mgr. of Engineering;WILLIAM B. SCOTT, SR., Mgr. ofManufacturing; and MARSHALL H.TERPENING, Mgr. of Employee &Community Relations.

RCA Semiconductor & Materials Div.reports three appointments to the staffof the Marketing Dept.: FRANK F.NEUNER, Mgr. Product Distribution &Control; ERWIN B. MAY, Mgr. Adver-tising & Sales Promotion; and IRVINGH. VON ZELOWITZ, Mgr., Semicon-ductor Planning. The Div. has estab-lished the Southwest District SalesOffice, with headquarters in Dallas.Sales and application team of the newoffice will be JULIUS S. LEMPNER,field engineer, and ROBERT T. MAR-CONI, sales rep. RCA INSTITUTESopened a new permanent school in LosAngeles March 1st to train electronictechnicians. Located in the Pacific Elec-tric Railway Bldg., the school will beheaded by IRWIN A. SHANE, Dir.



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PERMOHM is easy to install .. no end sealing necessary.300 Ohm UHF -VHF. Available in packaged

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ask your Belden Jobber

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PERMOHM* means constantimpedance .. because itsconductors are protected byencapsulation in cellularpolyethylene.

8elden Trademark andBelden Patent .. U. S.Patent No. 2782251

8.1-9



NEW 1

HUM ANTENNAMIXING NETWORKS

MODEL TX-(*)Give Multi -Channel, All -Direction ReceptionSimultaneously...for FM, TV, UHF and Color!

Now multi -set families can have all -direction reception atthe same time on one common line! No more rotators orswitches . . . the versatile Jerrold Model TX -(1 can beused individually or in any combilation to reject unwantedchannels and to bring in weaker stations bright and clear.They will mix cut -to -channel antennas with a single broadband antenna . . . separate individual channels . . . mixor separate VHF and UHF . .. and mix or separate VHFTV and FM . . . all without loss of signal.

Model TX-(*)

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high Q band-pass circuit for highest rejection

negligible feed-thru loss ... less than a knife switch matched mixing jumpers . .. for low VSWR unbreakable attractive housing, complete with hardware universal mounting .. indoor or outdoor

'SPECIFY UNITS DESIRED: any TV channel from 2 through 13; It; H-1. (VHF high -low) or VHF -UHF

JERROID ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, Distributor Sales DivisionDept. IDS -14, The Jerrold Building, Phila. 32, Pa

Jerrold Electronics (Canada) LimitedExport Representative: CBS International, New York 22, N. Y.

JAMES ELECTRONICS INC. is thenew corporate name of JAMES VI-BRAPOWR CO., Chicago.

WORKMAN TV announces a 25%production increase in their new 20,000sq. ft. plant in Sarasota, Fla.

CBS ELECTRONICS has just openeda new warehouse in Newark, N.J., pro-viding 30,000 sq. ft. of space. GORDONBURLINGHAM is Div. Warehouse Mgr.

STANDARD COIL has electedCHESTER J. ANTOGNOLI as VicePres. in charge of sales, and ROBERTC. A. ELAND to the newly createdposition of Vice Pres. in charge of re-search and development.

WELLER ELECTRIC has appointedLOUIS W. WHITE as Eastern RegionalSales Mgr., with headquarters inEaston, Pa. JOHN J. JOHNSTONE hasjoined the sales force as detail man inthe N.Y.C. and northern N.J. area.

STROMBERG-CARLSON announcesthe following two executive appoint-ments: JAMES D. MCLEAN, Pres., andALLAN R. SHILTS to the newlycreated position of Vice Pres. and Gen.Mgr.

JERROLD ELECTRONICS announcedacquisition of substantial stock interestsby JOHN L. LOEB, senior partner inCarl M. Loeb, Rhoades & Company,N.Y., and JACK WRATHER, head ofthe Jack Wrather Organization, Bev-erly Hills.

UNGAR ELECTRIC TOOLS has beenmerged into the ELDON group of com-panies, as the Electric Div. of Eldon.The Div. will continue to be known asUngar Electric Tools, Inc. and its prod-ucts will continue to be manufacturedand merchandised under the Ungarname.

INTERNATIONAL RESISTANCEsales in 1959 are estimated to have in-creased approximately 42% over thoseof 1958 to more than $19 million. Thecompany is increasing the area of itsgeneral offices and main plant at Phila-delphia by some 11% to a total of 281,-000 sq. ft. DUANE C. MANNING hasbeen named Mgr. of Engineering Salesin the Pacific Area.

RAYTHEON has announced theappointment of DONALD B. WHITTE-MORE to mid -Atlantic region commer-cial manager to coordinate sales activ-ities of reps for the six commercialdivisions in N.Y., N.J., Pa. and Conn.Three new district mgrs. have been ap-pointed to field posts in the DistributorProducts Div. as follows: EDWARD J.KUKULA, Detroit dist.; EDWARD C.MEHM. Philadelphia Distr.; and PAULB. CUNNINGHAM, Md., Va., Wash.,D.C. territory.

LOOK TO JERROLD FOR AIDS TO BETTER TELEVIEWING

16

(Continued a,, page 20)

ECTRONIC TECHNICIAN March, 1960

ONEOF AN OFFS

Mr. Serviceman:

"Do you have a pile

ofold, burned-out

receivingtubes?"

umdinger

WE HAVE THE DEAL FOR YOU...

SEE ME...YOURPHILCO

DISTRIBUTOR

(turn the page for more details)

PN LCOOLI TO

1Here's your chance to turn old, burn-

ed out receiving tubes into cash, bytrading them in on new Philco tubesyou use every day. The more oldtubes you have-the better! It's themost sensational tube offer ever!

N

Bring in your old tubes. For years, Philco has led theindustry with TUBE RACKET -SMASHING CAMPAIGNSto help knock out the tube racketeers. This will bethe biggest of all-we'll smash all old tubes youbring in. Don't buy another tube until you see me...

YOUR PH I LCO. DISTRIBUTOR

PH I LCOTHE FIRST NAME IN ELECTRONICS

. . . THE LAST WORD IN QUALITYBecause the Philco name is symbolic of quality, long -life Philco tubesare the FIRST CHOICE of quality -wise technicians. It will pay you touse them for all replacements-TV, radio and hi-fi. Their proven reli-ability protects your profits. In addition, the prestige of the Philconame builds customer good will. For top performance in receivingtubes as well as 91 picture tubes and all other replacement parts,look to Philco-thellirst name in electronics...the last word in quality!

SEE YOUR PHILCO DISTRIBUTOR TODAY!PHILCO ACCESSORY DIVISIONWORLD-WIDE DISTRIBUTIONService Parts Power -Packed Batteries Universal Components Long -LifeTubes Heavy -Duty Rotors Star Bright 20/20 Picture Tubes Long DistanceAntennas Appliance Parts Laundry Parts Universal Parts and Accessories

NERCO CORPORATION ACCESSORY DIVISIONATTN. Carl AreschugP. 0. Boo 3635Philadelphia 25, Pa.

If you service tlevi!ion and radio receivers and wouldlike to receive the .hilco Giant Banner Soles Mailers,attach this coupon to your Company letterhead andforward to above address.

NAME

ADDRESS

GTr ZONE-STATE


WEBSTER MFG. has moved to317 Roebling Rd., So. San Francisco,Calif., a location which provides in-creased space.

AEROVOX announces the appoint-ment of GEORGE M. ARISMAN, JR. tothe office of Vice Pres. The New Bed-ford Div. has appointed RALPH P.PARKER, Asst. Sales Mgr.

HAAS ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING,under its trade name of HEPCO, willpublish "custom" catalogs for individualelectronic parts distributors, containingcomplete product information of onlythose lines handled by the distributor.

CAPITOL RADIO ENG. INST. hasmade the following two appointments:V. T. PACKENHAM, Advertising Mgr.,and MRS. HELEN P. ARGENTIERI,Mgr. of Student Services, a new de-partment.

CORNELL-DUBILIER has addedH. A. STEINBERG to the sales staff.Winchester 30-30 Repeating Carbineswill be awarded to distributors who doan outstanding job on the new "Elec-tromite" miniaturized electrolytic ca-pacitor promotion.

MOTOROLA Semiconductor Prod-ucts Div. has named CLIFFORD J.WOODKA to the newly created posi-tion of Market Research Specialist.

The exclusive Clip -on Stylus offers you anotheradvantage of CBS-Ronette advanced engineeringand precision craftsmanship. It snaps intoposition instantly, aligns itself automatically.

Only 27 CBS-Ronette cartridges, all withsuperior jeweled styli, replace over 500 differentmodels. And they provide exact replacementsfor more than 6,000,000 CBS-Ronettecartridges in American phonographs alone.Ask your distributor for dependable,advance -engineered CBS-Ronette cartridges.

OnlyCBS Ron ette

has theClip-on StylusFOR FAST REPLACEMENT...FOR FOOLPROOF ALIGNMENT...

TO SAVE YOUR TIME

Ask for Catalog andCross Reference Chart PF-285

CBS ELECTRONICSDanvers, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

A Division of Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc.

Receiving, industrial and picture tubes transistors and diodesaudio components and phonographs

ERIE RESISTOR has announced theopening of a wholly owned subsidiary,ELECTRON RESEARCH, INC., 530 W.Twelfth St., Erie, Pa., for the purposeof manufacturing semiconductor com-ponents and devices. J. W. SCHELL hasbeen appointed Plant Mgr. of the newsubsidiary.

Reps & Distributors

CENTRALAB has appointed THEGEORGE KANGAS SALES CO. as itsrep in Kans. and Western Mo.

VOCALINE reports the appointmentof a new sales rep, the R. G. BOWENCO., to handle their full line in Wyo.,Southern Idaho, N.D., Colo., Utah,N.M., and El Paso, Tex.

BUSSMANN MFG. announces theappointment of ART CERF & CO. asits sales rep in upper N.Y. state, N.J.,Eastern Pa., Md., Dist. of Columbia,and Va.

LAND -C -AIR SALES, rep firm, hasmoved their main offices to 76 Main St.,Tuckahoe, N.Y., featuring a combina-tion conference and live show roomwhich will be used for jobber and hi fidealer sales meetings.

SENCORE held a sales meeting at-tended by more than 30 reps from allover the nation, during which it wasannounced that the company would in-crease their publication advertising bymore than 40%.

TERMINAL ELECTRONICS has ac-quired a new building at 236 W. 17thSt., N.Y.C. which gives 40,000 sq. ft. offloor space for industrial sales and pur-chasing departments as well as ware-housing. Their electronic supply houseat 85 Cortland St., N.Y.C. will continueto serve for over-the-counter sales.

DELTA SALES, INC., electronic salesreps in the Ind.-Ky. territories, hasbeen formed by a merger of THEKENNETH C. REINHARDT CO. andthe J. C. KEITH CO. Principals of thenew corporation are KEN G. REIN-HARDT, Pres.; G. M. WILSON, VicePres.; J. B. MOORE, Secy.; and JACKC. KEITH, Treas.

ERA has scheduled a manufacturer -rep sales promotion session during theIRE Show for the morning of March23rd at the Park -Sheraton Hotel, N.Y.C.The Northern Calif. Chapter has electedthe following new officers: FRANKLEBELL, Pres.; WILLARD M. NOTT,Vice Pres.; ED W. BRANDT, Secy.; andWILLIAM A. MELCHIOR, Treas. Elect-ed at the National Convention, Feb.10-13: WALLY SHULAN, Pres. of ERA.



NEWDIPPED DIFILM CAPACITORS

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SPRAGUE DIFILM does it again! First to give you atregular prices the finest molded tubular capacitormade-the DIFILM BLACK BEAUTY . . . and nowthe newest DIFILM Capacitor-the ORANGE -DROPdipped capacitor.*PRAGUE ORANGE -DROP CAPACITORS are espe-cially made for easy installation in tight spots . . .

where only an exact replacement will fit. They arethe exact same dipped capacitors used by leadingmanufacturers in many TV sets.

WHY ORANGE -DROPSBEAT HEAT AND HUMIDITY

Sprague Orange -Drop Mylar-Paper Dipped Capacitors com-

bine the proven long life of paper capacitors with theeffective moisture resistance of film capacitors. Theirduplex dielectric of kraft paper and polyester film is

impregnated with HCX", Sprague's exclusive hydrocarbonmaterial which saturates the paper and fills voids andpinholes in the film before the HCX polymerizes. Theresult is a solid, rock -hard capacitor section which is thendouble -dipped in bright orange epoxy resin for moistureprotection. Leads are neatly crimped for easy installationon printed wiring boards.

THIS NEW ... MINIATURE ... DIFILM

CAPACITOR OUTPERFORMS ALL

OTHER DIPPED TUBULAR CAPACITORS!

*PRAGUE ORANGE -DROP CAPACITORS are a nat-ural teammate for the molded Difilm Black Beauty''.Black Beauties, born out of engineering to toughmissile standards, are still far and away the bestreplacement capacitors-better than any othermolded or dipped . . . paper, film, or film -papercombination . . . capacitor made for entertainmentelectronics.4Where a dipped capacitor is called for, no otherdipped unit can match the ORANGE -DROP. Yourdistributor is stocked with all popular ratings in200, 400, 600, and [000 volts in handy SpragueKleer-Paks. Order some today.Du Pont Trademark

don't be vague-insist on

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YOU'RE AS SUCCESSFULGENERAL ELECTRIC'S

cxcsnllE:n; rig.cet

AS YOU WANT To BE WITHNEW ailLiPils METHOD !

*PROFITABLE SERVICE MANAGEMENT

Earn the good things of life for yourself andyour family by following the Profit signposts onevery page of General Electric's PSM* Method!The engraved Certificate which says you havecompleted this instruction program, will meannew success for you as a TV technician.

Says Dr. John K. Pfahl of Ohio State Uni-versity, under whose direction the new GeneralElectric program was prepared: "The electronicservice dealer must be, at the same time, a tech-nician, good businessman, and sales manager."You learn step-by-step how to realize these aims,by following General Electric's Profitable Serv-ice Management Method. You are shown how toassure a satisfactory profit margin, not merely

hope for it-how to increase business by methodsothers have found unfailingly effective.

In the LP record "Sounds of Success" you willhear from the lips of experienced TV techniciansjust how they have built greater incomes. Aftercompleting the two volumes of instruction thatmake up the study course, a questionnaire isavailable to check your acquired knowledge,prior to receiving your Certificate.

All come handsomely packaged for your book-shelf. Check the highlights of General Electric'sPSM* Method given below! Then see your G -Etube distributor! Distributor Sales, ElectronicComponents Division, General Electric Com-pany, Owensboro, Kentucky.

HERE ARE SOME OF THE MANYSUBJECTS YOU WILL STUDY:

BOOK NO. 1. "SOUND BUSINESS PRACTICES"

BUSINESS FOR PROFIT: Your reasons for owning a busi-ness...How much money should you make?...How to makeyour business profitable.

PLANNING YOUR BUSINESS: Planning expansion...Cashplanning...Shop plamiing.

ORGANIZING YOUR BUSINESS: Overhead costs...Pric-ing...What it costs you to make a service call...What it costsyou to make a shop repair...Inventory control...Credit or-ganization ...Choosing a form of organization.

CONTROLLING YOUR BUSINESS: Why use records?...What records are needed...Taxation...Use an accountant.

BOOK NO. 2. "SELLING ELECTRONIC SERVICE"

ARE YOU ATTRACTING NEW CUSTOMERS?: Attractingnew business...Businesslike appearance...Effective selling...Good identification...Basic market research.

PROMOTING YOUR BUSINESS: Advertising technique...Advertising campaign planning...Special offers...Seasonalplanning... Customer contact.

KEEPING YOUR CUSTOMERS SATISFIED: Customer rela-tions...Customer grievances...Guaranteeing repairs...Build-ing new customers.

Progres-s- is Ow- Most important Product

GENERAL ELECTRIC

(Continued from page 20)SOL ALLEN has established a new

manufacturers rep organization at 1East Main St., Bayshore, N.Y.

PURCHASING AGENTS of theRadio, Television & Electronics Indus-tries elected a new slate of officers for1960 as follows: Pres., ARNOLD SUT-TA, Emerson Radio & PhonographCorp.; Vice Pres., EDWARD KOVACS,Republic Electronic Industries Corp.;Treas., ABE SCHNEIDERMAN, Olym-pic Radio & Television Corp.; Record-ing Secy., JULES LONDONER,Emerson Radio & Phonograph Corp.;Corresponding Secy., BIAGIO TRIM-BOLI, Telechrome Mfg. Corp.

Catalogs & Bulletins

CAPACITORS: Specifications and perform-ance characteristics of miniature andsubminiature aluminum foil capacitorsare covered in Bulletin 81558. Separatestandard rating and selection charts forthe aluminum encased and ceramic en-cased capacitors are listed by size andvoltage rating. International ElectronicIndustries, Inc., Box 1368, Nashville,Tenn. (ELECTRONIC TECHNICIANB3-3)

TV TIPSFROM TRIAD

NO. 6 IN A SERIES

Joe, the Junior PTM, said, "How can you afford to stock TVparts, Bill?" He waved his arm around Bill's well-equippedshop.

"Some parts help me save time," replied Bill, "and I figurethat time is about all I have to sell. Take this job I am workingon : Sound ok, no boost or high voltage. So far I have elimi-nated such items as the fuse, tubes, drive, open cathode or-screen circuits, and a half dozen other items without findingthe cause. That leaves two possibilities : defective flyback or-yoke. Since I can test both by substituting either one, I willnaturally sub the easier item - which is the yoke."

"Don't you have to have thousands of yokes on hand to dothat ?" asked Joe.

"No, the yoke you use for substitution must be known tobe good, and be within twenty percent of the inductance ofthe original. It doesn't have to be installed on the picture tubefor the test. Less than a dozen yokes provide for nearly alltests, and in a majority of cases also serve as the replacement."

"You learn something new every day," Joe said.

* * *

MORAL : If you would like to know more about testing fly-backs by substituting yokes, ask your Triad Distributor orwrite the factory for PTM #3. If you are interested in whichyokes make good test units ask for the YP-8 Yoke Packinformation sheet. Triad Transformer Corporation, 4055 Red-wood Avenue, Venice, California.

POSTER: Headlined "Everyday is Inde-pendence Day for you and your In-dependent TV service dealer," is a new17" x 22" red, white and blue poster.Available free from the firm's distribu-tors or direct from Sprague ProductsCo., North Adams, Mass., by requestingPoster RP -22 and enclosing 10( to coverthe cost of handling and mailing.

SERVICE SHOP SHORT CUTS: The third edi-tion of tips for the serviceman. "StanCor's Corner," contains 38 service shopshort cuts. It offers illustrated ideas,gadgets and service hints. ChicagoStandard Transformer Corp., 3501 W.Addison St., Chicago 18, Ill. (ELEC-TRONIC TECHNICIAN B3-2)

TUBES: A tube substitution guide, in theform of an 8 -page, 51/2" x 81/2", bookletlists 416 tubes and the appropriate sub-stitute or substitutes for each. Data forover 100 foreign tubes are included.Vis-U-All Products Co., 460 EasternAve. S.E., Grand Rapids 6, Mich.(ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN B3-9)

BANNER: A giant size, multi -color ban-ner carrying a TACO TV antenna salesmessage, measures 27" x 45". It has asupporting crossarm with braided goldhanger rope for window or wall dis-play. Technical Appliance Corp., Sher-burne, N. Y. (ELECTRONIC TECH-NICIAN B3-8)

TUBES: Application Note AN -184 hasfor its subject: Recommended HandlingProcedures For All -Glass PictureTubes. Outline sketches of three sizesof TV picture tubes, showing vulner-able "hoop" area, are included. RCAElectron Tube Div., Harrison, N. J.(ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN B3-6)

ANTENNAS: A new 1960 complete catalogbrochure, a black, blue and gold folder,contains catalog sheets on: TV indoor,TV outdoor and auto radio antennas;portable TV and hi-fi tables; bar stoolsand safety ladders. Snyder Mfg. Co.,22nd & Ontario Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.(ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN B3-7)

SEMICONDUCTORS: Expanded to 36 pages,the second issue of the firm's Semicon-ductor Directory, lists diodes, tunneldiodes, rectifiers, germanium transistorsand silicon transistors. Selected sche-matics are included. Lafayette RadioElectronics Corp., 165-08 Liberty Ave.,Jamaica 33, N. Y. (ELECTRONICTECHNICIAN B3-4)

CAPACITORS: New catalog sheets onMylar paper capacitors and metallizedMylar capacitors include graphs, illus-trations, life data, sizes and other tech-nical information. Plastic Capacitors,Inc., 2620 N. Clybourn Ave., Chicago14, Ill. (ELECTRONIC TECHNICIANB3-5)


SAVE THE TIMEin TV

Make Twice The Profit! Trouble -Shooting

TM/S EASYSIGNAL INJECTION

POINT-TO-POINTDIRECT VIEWING

IDa. VISION

ANALYST

Solve Rough Sweep Output Problems

itt

6 0

NEW Model A107DYNA-SWEEPCIRCUIT ANALYZER

Saves many hours of service work.Provides vertical and horizontalsync and driving pulses that enableyou more easily and quickly tocheck out every stage in the syncand sweep sections of a televisionreceiver.

Tracks down troubles in the horizontal and vertical output circuitincluding defective output transformer and yoke; checks for shortedturns, leakage, opens, short circuits, and continuity. Includes uniquehigh -voltage indication. Eliminates trial and error replacements.

Model A107 Dyne -Sweep. Companion unit for use only withB&K Model 1075 Television Analyst for driving source.

Net, $49.95Model 1070 Dyne -Sweep. Same as Model A107 but hasits own horizontal and vertical driving pulse, and is used inde-pendently of the Model 1075. Net, $69.95

MODEL 1075TELEVISION

ANALYSTNew Technique Makes TV ServicingEasier, Faster, More ProfitableThousands of service technicians already savethousands of hours every day with the amazingB&K TELEVISION ANALYST. Enables you to injectyour own TV signal at any point and watch theresulting test pattern on the picture tube itself.Makes it quick and easy to isolate, pin -point, andcorrect TV trouble in any stage throughout thevideo, audio, r.f., i.f., sync, and sweep sections ofblack & white and color television sets-includingintermittents. Makes external scope or wave -forminterpretation unnecessary. Enables any servicemanto cut servicing time in half, service more TV setsin less time, really satisfy more customers, andmake more money. Color generator providesboth rainbow pattern and color bars.

MODEL 1075 TELEVISION ANALYST. Complete with standardtest pattern, white dot, white line, and color -barslide transparencies, and one clear acetate. Net, $25995

See your B&K Distributor or Write for Bulletin ST24-T

B a K MANUFACTURING CO.1801 W. BELLE PLAINE AVE CHICAGO 13, ILL.Canada, Atlas Radio Corp., 50 Wingold, Toronto 10, Ont.Export. Empire Exporters, 277 Broadway, New York 7, U.S.A.


(t:3-

FAUX& NEWS LETTER

PILOT introduces the PSV-23 -way speaker system @$69.50. Enclosure is 18" Hx15-3/8" W x 9-3/4" D. It in-cludes a 12" LF driver, 6"midrange and 3" tweeter.Rating is 30 watts programpower, range 50 to over16,000 cps.

SHURE extends its deadlinefor stereo conversion fromDec. 31 to May 31. It's freeto owners of M12 or M16 monoarms who buy an M21 stereocartridge.

GENERAL ELECTRIC audioproducts section of the ra-dio receiver dept. is beingtransferred to existing fa-cilities in Decatur, Ill.Included are the home phonooperation in Utica, and com-ponents in Auburn, N.Y.

theNEWPERMA-POWER

Model D-200

utomatic Voltage Regulatorwill make you money and save you grief

It's easy to sell. There have been units similar to this on the market before-at prices upwards of $75.00. The new PERMA-POWER Automatic VoltageRegulator has a list price of $9.95-so any TV set owner can afford it ... andany customer plagued by picture flutter, shrinking, flop -over, loss of brightness,and other similar disturbances will want it.

It's easy to use. This new unit insures top performance of TV sets by auto-

matically returning full height and width to pictures when distorted by low linevoltage. Whenever the line falls below 110 volts, it automatically boosts linevoltage 10 volts-and it automatically feeds the line direct for normal voltages.You don't have to worry about the customer's _forgetting to switch the voltage regu-

lator when the line is normal ;this new PER MA -POWER unit switches automatically!

It's easy to install. You plug it in, and it's ready to work; goes on and offwith TV set. Compact and lightweight, it has no tubes, ballasts, relays, or othermoving parts to fail; and it's fully guaranteed for one year. Can be used on anyTV set or appliance rated up to 300 watts. See it at your distributor today.

eimazalavelL3104 N. ELSTON AVENUE

COMPANY CHICAGO 18, ILLINOISVisit the Sorenson Booth at the IRE Show-March 21-24

ELECTRO-VOICE will packageits needles in individuallyencased styrene plasticboxes, with needles beddedin plastic foam.

BOGEN-PRESTO names Law-rence J. Epstein, ex-UniteuAudio, as sales and merchan-dising manager of hi -hi andprofessional products.

GELOSO releases literatureon its "Slim Jim" microphoneline, including the M62 @$48. Ratings are 60-14,000cps, sensitivity -54 db.

FERRODYNAMICS has com-pleted a pilot plant to pro-duce video -instrumentationtape. Pres. Fred Kantor re-ports hi-fi tape sales atnearly $1 million, annu-ally.

FAIRCHILD & BELTONE RE-CORDING report a process toproduce LP discs which canbe played stereo on stereophonos, mono on mono play-ers. Records will be mar-keted as "Design CompatibleFidelity" under Design Rec-ords label.

WEBCOR is offering freeArthur Murray dance lessonsand LP record languagecourses with the purchaseof its recorders and phonos.It is also conducting adealer contest, Feb. 1 -

April 1, with first prize of$1000.

NEW OFFICERS have beenelected by the Institute ofHigh Fidelity Manufactur-ers. Herman H. Scott, pres.of H. H. Scott, was electeddirector and chairman of theboard. Ray V. Pepe, JamesLansing vp, was elected vicepres. and director, and willfunction as acting presi-dent until a special elec-tion is held. New directorsare Saul Marantz of MarantzCo., Donald Plunckett ofFairchild, and Raymond Wardof Shure. Continuing direc-tors are Joseph Benjamin ofBogen, Milton Thalberg ofAudiogersh, William Grommesof Grommes and Walter Stan-ton of Pickering.



DYNAMIC NEW POINT-. OF -PURCHASE SALES AIDS!

arjBURGESS

1960 PORTABLE RADIO BATTERY PROMOTION

k?ranc/7/ewFRESH BURGESS BATTERIESriLLIiimataakivocii

L.....

DRAMATIC MERCHANDISERS

13

No. 604 Counter MerchandiserOne compact display -packaged assortmentsells the most popular battery types for all makesof transistor and tube type portable radios.Compartmentalized plastic tray displays bat-teries most effectively and shows exactly howrrony of each type of battery has been sold.Makes re -ordering a "snap." Complete dis-play assortment attracts customers, shows typeof batteries required for all makes and models.lists retail prices, and makes it easy to sellbatteries. Counter Display is FREE with theNo. 604 Assortment.

No. 601 Glass Front Counter Fixture DisplayAttractive display fits needs of all types of dealers.Gloss front, wood sides, open in back. Three sturdyshelves display large selection of batteries. Encouragesfast buying action in heavy traffic spots in your store.Height 171/2"; Width 15"; Depth 113/8". Counter fix-ture included with No. 601 Portable Radio BatteryAssortment.

BURGESS

-vasi

No. 602 Store Fixture Floor DisplayStandard half -gondola store fixture displays -

complete line of portable radio batteries,,, ' ' -

flashlights, lanterns and their batteries.Beautiful merchandiser sets up easily; glassbinned shelving is pre -assembled. Shelvesore adjustable. It takes full advantage ofyour store traffic to build impulse sales. 30"rwide; 50" high (60" with sign); and 23"deep. Floor display included with No. 602Store Fixture Assortment.

Space For Back -Up StockAdditional quantities of the mostpopular batteries included withNo. 604 Assorrment display.Comportment for this bock -upstock is in rear of display.

FREE

Customers will sell themselves with Burgess'complete and up-to-date sales aids' Ask ushow you con get special point -of -purchasesales aids to build volume impulse sales duringthe 3 big holiday week -ends in 1960.

BURGESS BATTERIES

OTHER POINT-

yril, -. .._

VNo. 591; Attention

CompellingMotion Di,PIOY

trsid

No 581CorrugatedFloor StandDisplay

OF -PURCHASE AIDS!No 592Compact All -Metal CounterDisplay

141444.:?_diroV. Contact

,Your' BURGESS

No. 379SimpsonBattery Tester

No. 42ASterlingBattery Tester

Distributor

for full:Information

-°Now

BURGESS BATTERY COMPANYFREEPORT, C,N,F,ON or WIWI NC ILLINOIS


Look for the label that looks out for you

New Golden "M" Tubes up to10 times more reliable TPF:II:E DTIL7BUE

New Tube -Saver Electron Gun ends main cause oftube failure! It draws electrons from effectivearea on cathode over 10 times as large as ordinarycathodes . . . greatly reducing breakdown of cathodeemission area. Peak amperage drops from 2 milli -

amps to .2 milliamp. Exclusive Electron Gun shootsa 50c,, smaller picture -producing dot to increase bril-liance and clarity.

Result? The most reliable tube ever! Next timeyou need tubes, buy Golden "M" Picture Tubes.They're premium rated, yet cost no more.

SPECIAL "PORTABLE PRIZE" OFFER!FOR A LIMITED TIME ONLY

Tube ann Allende ElecUic DrillTool Totes and Bit Set

Triplett Pocket Volt- PortableOhm.Milliamme'er Parts Cabinets

Time -saving service tools and cases can be yours with purchase ofMotorola Golden "M" Picture Tubes/Receiving Tubes.

Call your IVIotosola Distributor today for details !

(1) MOTOROLAPARTS AND ACCESSORIES, FRANKLIN PARK, ILLINOIS

BRANDNAMES

28 ELECTRONIC TECHNECIAN March, 1960


REK-O-KUT announces a Feb.dealer contest offering aTropical Holiday trip toNassau. Photos of the bestwindow or island displaymust be in by March 1.

LANGEVIN is making two ofits broadcast type amplifi-ers available to consumers.Model HF138S 8-watter is$192. HF128S 20-watter is$219.

CLEVITE publishes the Wal-co 1960 needle catalog cov-ering different cartridgebrands, needle manufacturercross-reference and phonomodels.

TELEX introduces the Dyna-Twin dynamic headset forteaching and communica-tions. Response is 50-15,-000 cps, sensitivity 80 dbabove .00204 dynes/sq. cm.

ALLIED RADIO announces theKnight 812A 12" 2 -wayspeaker @ $69.50, and 815A15 -inch 2 -way @ $89.50.815A rating is 20-20,000cps, 50 watts, resonance 25cps. The company also pub-lishes 36 -page booklet,"This Is Stereo High -Fidel-ity," available for 254.

ADVANCE ACOUSTICS an-nounces the development ofthe 440 Bi-Phonic Coupler, aconeless speaker systemwhich diffuses sound frontand back. According to Pres.Abraham Cohen, the unitcauses a wood panel to vi-brate like a violin body.Price through limited fran-chise dealers is under $135.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION of2362 hi-fi specialists re-ported by NCO revealed thefollowing pattern: New Eng-land, 142; Mid -Atlantic,479; South Atlantic, 255;South Central, 299; EastNorth Central, 420; WestNorth Central, 178; Moun-tain, 127; Pacific, 414;Alaska, Hawaii & Canada, 48.Total nationally is 2362.Top state by far is Califor-nia, with 344 hi-fi special-ists. Largest 1959 increasewas in New York, up 64 to282.

What's the

latest score

on cartridges?

1S)

13

65

662

ceramic cartridge

was invented

by Sonotone...

years ago.Today, over...

different manufacturers

have specified Sonotone for...

models of high -quality

phonographs.Altogether over...

Sonotone Ceramic

Cartridges

have been used

noo 009 for original and

°Ureplacement purposes.

'/ (Nuff said!)

Sonotone4Electronic Aoolicotions Division, Dept. C9-30

MILIPASFORD. NEW VORKIn Canada. contact Atlaa Radio Corp., Ltd., Toronto

Leading makers of fine ceramic cartridges, speakers..micropbones, electronic tubes.


Buss and Fusetron Fuses. . . help you safeguard your reputation

for Service and Reliability!

Undoubtedly, you take pride in thegood name your business has estab-lished for sales and service . . . andtry to avoid handling any productsthat could result in customer dissatis-faction . . . which in turn can affectyour sales curve.

That's why it doesn't pay to gamblewith fuses that could be faulty andcreate trouble for you and your cus-tomers - either by failing to protectand causing useless damage to equip-ment, or by blowing needlessly andcausing unnecessary shutdowns.

With BUSS and FUSETRON fusessafe, dependable electrical protectionis assured. Before one of these fusesever leaves our plant, it is electronicallytested to make sure it is right in everyway ... to make sure it will protect,not blow needlessly.

When you sell or install BUSS orFUSETRON fuses, you can forgetabout customer complaints and costlycall-backs. You are sure too, that youprovide your customers with the finestelectrical protection possible which, inturn, helps protect your reputation forservice and reliability.

To meet all fuse requirements,there's a complete line of BUSS andFUSETRON fuses in all sizes andtypes ... plus a companion line of fuseclips, blocks and holders.

For more information on BUSS andFUSETRON Small Dimension fusesand fuseholders, write for BUSS bul-letin SFB.

IUSSMANN MFG. DIVISION,McGraw -Edison Co.

University at Jefferson, St. Louis 7, Mo.

BUSS Fuses are made to protect - not to blow, needlessly.BUSS oakes a complete line of fuses for home, farm, commercoal,

electronic, electrical, autcmotive and industrial use.

fUSFTRONmusrwortrmr MANES INCLIC PffOrecrSON

BUSS

Mc

360

ELECTRONICTECHNIC'

Including

SERVICEMagazine

The

Three Faces

of Industry

As a general rule, most industries go through three stagesas they mature, each with its own attendant problems.

First, there is the development stage. This encompassesscientific discovery, experimentation and product design.Though these functions usually continue in the stages to fol-low, in a basic sense they occur once and are responsible forthe genesis of an industry.

Second, there is the marketing stage, which concerns itselfwith the problems of getting products into the hands of cus-tomers. The sales pattern and merchandising techniques areof prime concern to management.

The third stage is financial, a period demanding sophisti-cated understanding of the most efficient means for allocatingresources. Effective cost accounting, critical business analysisand solid investment management are the order of the day.

What is particularly interesting about the structure of theelectronic field is that different industry segments are in dif-ferent stages, almost as if they were different industries. Rapidtechnological changes have contributed to making this cometo pass.

Consumer radio -TV designs have become well established,and the sales and service structure has firmed (first and sec-ond stages). In the present third stage, set manufacturers andservice dealers alike must concentrate on evolving efficientfinancial methods to produce satisfactory profits, while givingthe consumer the most for his money. For technicians thismeans effective shop management, inventory control, costanalysis and investment in up-to-date equipment.

Hi-fi components are an interesting case in point. With thedevelopment of widely available stereo units, we enter thesecond stage area of setting up sales char nels to the mass ofconsumers. Currently there are only a few thousand outletsselling hi-fi components. Service dealers can open manythousands of new sales outlets to reach large population seg-ments which have been virtually untapped. And hi-fi servic-ing can be quite profitable.

Industrial electronic controls is an area representing thefirst stage of developing devices to help industry meet itsproduction needs. Both independent and factory -employedtechnical specialists are learning how to keep industry's elec-tronic equipment in good working order. The means for mar-keting the potential of electronics to industry at large is in itsearliest stages. The growth opportunities for industrial elec-tronic technicians are impressive indeed.

These then are the three faces of industry-development,marketing and financing. Their impact on every business,whether one-man shop or giant manufacturer, demands thatevery business manager indulge in some critical self -appraisalto see where he is going.


t-tutifrig In thePUBLIC AFFAIRS should be of prime interest toevery citizen. One service dealer, Antonio Catavolo,proprietor of Elm Radio and Vice Pres. of ETG ofMassachusetts, takes full page advertisements in thenewspaper to encourage improved education. Hereis a small sample: "Johnny has become a pig in abeautiful pig-pen-stuffed with garbage, soon to beset adrift, unprepared. The teachers are glorifiedbaby sitters because they cannot overcome tradition,custom, fear of progress. They are not properlyequipped and cannot produce desired results . . .

parents should insist on the use of modern, up-to-date improvements in audio-visual aids . . . to en-courage, to educate every student."

AUTO ELECTRICAL INTERFERENCE protection forradio and TV reception is the result of a new coopera-tive action by motor vehicle producers, the Auto-mobile Manufacturers Association. The TMA Board ofDirectors has recommended to U. S. car, truck andbus makers that a concerted effort be made to sup-press interference -producing electrical radiation in allmotor vehicles, based on new standards established bythe Society of Automotive Engineers.

UHF TV production has been requested by theFCC. The commission wants Congressional permis-sion to require manufacturers to make TV sets ca-pable of ultra -high frequency, as well as the normalvery high frequency reception. A Senate Commercesubcommittee was also asked to approve appropria-tion of $2,500,000 for a study, largely in New YorkCity, into means of increasing the quality and rangeof UHF broadcast.

TV THROUGH A PIPE

TV pictures are being transmitted more than half a mile (3,600 ft.)through a hollow metal pipe (arrow) 3 inches in diameter. Developedby ITT to provide simultaneous transmission of 400 TV channels orseveral hundred thousand telephone conversations, the "pipe" systemis expected to ease burden of existing communication facilities.

CAPEHART is reportedly planning to introduce aline of TV and stereo consoles before midyear. Thisline was discontinued sometime ago. The companyis said to be planning to market its products througha maximum of 500 dealers, and is setting up fran-chised service agencies to install and maintain theequipment. The units will carry a 90 day in -homeservice warranty in addition to the one year partswarranty.

ELECTRONIC AIR CONDITIONERS and refrigera-tors may be produced by at least nine electronic manu-facturers in Japan by next summer. Applying a theorythat some semi -conductor elements alter air tempera-tures when placed in contact with other semi -conduc-tors, engineers of these firms believe they will be ableto turn out elements which can be used efficiently forhome air conditioners and refrigerators.

STATE PRISON officials, following a riot atWethersfield, Conn., uncovered a secret radio net-work, run by and for prisoners and used to keepcheck on guards' movements. The network's tinytransmitters sent voice signals to other inmates'radios, but the weak transmissions did not pene-trate the prison walls.

FOREIGN ORIGIN LABELING is urged by the ImportStudy group of the Association of Electronic Parts andEquipment Manufacturers, Inc. Companies handlingforeign -made electronic components should make cer-tain that the country of origin is clearly marked onproducts, packing, advertising, and literature, in com-pliance wih Federal Trade Regulations outlawing de-ceptive trade practices. These requirements apply toall levels of supply, from the manufacturer to the ulti-mate user.


Phure.g...,INTERCONTINENTAL TELEVISION may soon bepossible, according to the Air Force Cambridge Re-search Center. An experimental program by theNavy and Air Force showed that there was a radiopipeline about 5,000 feet above the South AtlanticOcean, which can carry radio voice and TV -typesignals with very little loss between South Americaand Africa. Until now, dependable year-round un-distorted transmission of signals in TV frequenciesfor long distances over oceans has not been pos-sible. A world atmospheric data study pointed toother such radio ducts-between California andHawaii; Cape Verde in Africa and Puerto Rico; inthe Indian Ocean; and from the Philippines to Aus-tralia. Such ducts provide a broad transmissionband, capable of accommodating voice and visualsignals with little distortion.

DEALER in New Orleans is reported to include a hid-den charge of $3.00 on portable stereo units to takecare of servicing, for 90 days. The hidden charge forconsoles is $15.00. The owner states that while he maylose an occasional sale because the hidden charge in-creases the price beyond competition, he finds that therelations with customers are improved.

SUPERSENSITIVE TV CAMERA TUBE, the newimage orthicon GL -7629, is interchangeable withstandard tubes, but requires only 1/10 to 1/20 thelight, announces GE. Usable for black -and -white, itpromises to extend the application of color TV.

CALENDAR OF COMING EVENTS

Mar. 16-18: Electronic Industries Assoc., Spring Conference, Stotler -Hilton Hotel, Washington, D.C.

Mar. 21-24: IRE National Convention, Coliseum and Waldorf AstoriaHotel, New York, N.Y.

Mar. 24-25: IRE Professional Group on Human Factors in Electronics,1st Annual Symposium, Bell Telephone LaboratoriesAuditorium, 463 West St., New York, N.Y.

Mar. 27-31: Scientific Apparatus Makers Assoc., Annual Meeting.Boca Raton Hotel, Boca Raton, Fla.

Apr. 4-7: 1960 Nuclear Congress & Atomic Exposition, New YorkColiseum, New York, N.Y.

Apr. 7: Instrument Society of America, Digital Computors Clinic,Philco Corp., Willow Grove Plant, Willow Grove, Pa.

Apr. 18-19: Conference on Automatic Techniques, Sheraton Cleve-land Hotel, Cleveland, Ohio.

Apr. 20-22: S.W. IRE Regional Conference & Electronics Show, Sham-rock -Hilton Hotel, Houston, Tex.

Apr. 29- Producers of Associated Components For Electronics,May 1: Annual Meeting, Nevele Hotel & Country Club, Ellen-

ville, N.Y.

May 2-4: National Aeronautical Electronics Conference, Baltimoreand Miami Hotels, Dayton, Ohio.

May 3-5: Institute of Radio Engineers, American Institute of Elec-trical Engineers and Association for Computing Ma-chinery; Western Joint Computer Conference, Jack TarHotel, San Francisco, Calif.

May 9-12: Instrument Society of America, Instrument -AutomationConference and Exhibit, Brooks Hall, San Francisco, Calif.

May 10-12: Electronic Components Symposium, Hotel Washington,Washington, D.C.

May 16-18: Electronic Parts Distributors Show, Conrad Hilton Hotel,Chicago, III.

RANDOM NOISELe h ROTIE R

CLAIMING THE

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Install Antenna

Lightning Protection

Protect Property With Correct Antenna Placement, Wire

Routing, Grounds And Lightning Rods

LEO G. SANDS

Although antennas can invitelightning to strike, they shouldn'tcreate a lightning hazard. Damageto nearby property-and even lives-can be minimized or avoided byproperly grounding the antenna.Each year, lightning in the UnitedStates alone causes damage amount-ing to more than $120,000,000, killsaround 600 people and injures upto 1,500 others. It is the cause ofmore than 1,500 reported fires an-nually.

Much is still unknown about

lightning. However, it is believedthat lightning is caused by the earthand the lower surface of a cloudassuming opposing electrical charges.The earth is usually (not always)positive, the cloud negative. A hugecondenser is formed, with theatmosphere serving as the dielectric.The two points of each, closest toone another, provide a spark gap.When the charge across the sparkgap gets high enough (100 millionto one billion volts), flashover mayoccur. Present theories indicate thata small discharge takes place fromthe cloud to an object on the earth,

Fig. 1-A metal mast or pole higher than other objects in the area will provide aprotective cone against lightning discharges when its base is properly grounded.

CLOUD

POSITIVE CHARGE

NEGATIVE CHARGE

4100 MILLION TO ONE BILLION VOLTS

+ +TALL TREES

PROVIDE CONES OF PROTECTION

GROUNDED AIR TERMINAL- PROVIDES CONE OF PROTECTION

ionizing the air around it and re-ducing its electrical resistance. Thisis followed by a big flash in the otherdirection, from the earth to the cloud,which is comparable to a d -c arc.Experts point out that lightningstrokes from the Empire State Build-ing shoot upward to a cloud. But,first there is a leader flash from thecloud to the building, which createsthe path for the big, upward flash.The current may run anywhere from250 to 500,000 amperes.

Lightning is most apt to strike alone object such as a tree, antennaor building which is isolated from

Fig. 2-A mast -mounted ground rod abovethe antenna can provide lightning protection.

COAXIAL CABLEOR TWIN LEAD

LIGHTENINGARRESTER

TO TVOR Fm

AIR TERMINAL

GROUND WIRE TERMINAL

ANTENNA ARRAY

GROUND WIRE

WIRE SUPPORT CL 4m,

ANTENNA UAT,T

GROUND SASE OF MAST

- GROUND


other tall objects, and particularly,if it is on top of a hill. The objectwhich is closest to a charged cloudis most likely to get hit. An antennaon the roof of a building, above othernearby objects, may become one ofthe electrodes of a spark gap whenit is the object nearest to a chargedcloud.

At a railroad station in New Jer-sey, a mobile system base station an-tenna perched high upon the steepleof the depot was struck so often thatthe railroad abandoned this other-wise ideal antenna site for one thatwould place the antenna within thecone of protection of the steeple it-self. An antenna was destroyed eachtime it was struck and the cost of re-placement became excessive. Theradio equipment, however, was notdamaged, since it was effectivelygrounded.

Treating an antenna for lightningprotection does not guarantee im-munity from lightning strokes orlightning damage. However, it mightprevent a disastrous fire and mayreduce damage if lightning doesstrike the antenna. Aside from light-ning, static is drained off. Sometimesthese static charges get enormous.A few years ago when the writerwas testing a railroad radio base sta-

Fig 3-A typical vertically polarized co-

axial antenna affords little equipment pro-tection from heavy lightning discharges.

III

-1/4 WAVE WHIP

INNER CONDUCTOR OF COAXIAL/CABLE CONNECTED TO WHIP

SHIELD OF COAXIAL CABLE CONNECTEDTO METAL SKIRT

1/4 WAVE SKIRT

SUPPORTING CYLINDER

COAXIAL CABLE

BASE STATION

RCVR

(-0

XMTROUTPUT

tion in Atlanta, Georgia, he notedthat a spark jumped from the coaxialconnector at the end of the antennatransmission line to the radio equip-ment-when the two were discon-nected and separated by about sixinches. It takes a dangerously highvoltage to jump across such a gap.Had the antenna been grounded, itwould have been at ground potentialand the static accumulation wouldnot have occurred.

Without touching the antenna sys-tem, it can be protected from light-ning by installing a grounded airterminal (lightning rod) above it.An air terminal, in this case, couldsimply be a metal pole or other ver-tical support which extends abovethe antenna. When the air terminalis properly grounded, it provides acone of protection to the objects be-low it within the cone as shown infig. 1. Another way to do this is toinstall a tall vertical pipe or metalmast, near but independent from theantenna, so that its top protrudesabove the antenna. However, it mustbe borne in mind that either mightcause some distortion of the anten-na's directive pattern, if the antennais vertically polarized.

TV Antennas

TV antennas, which are horizon-tally polarized, as well as horizon-tally polarized HF, VHF and UHFcommunications antennas, can bereadily protected by installation ofan air terminal above the antenna asshown in fig. 2. Or, when a metalpipe is used for supporting the an-tenna, the pipe itself can be made toact as an air terminal simply bypositioning the antenna about twofeet below the top of the mast. It isbelieved that capping the open topend of the pipe with a metal ball ora sharp spike will make it moreeffective as an air terminal.

The air terminal as well as the topand base of the mast (particularlywhen the mast consists of two ormore sections) should be groundedto a common ground bus. Details onthe ground system will be givenlater.

When twin -lead is used, a light-ning arrester should be installed onthe outside of the building, but nearthe point where the lead-in entersthe building. The lightning arresterground terminal should also begrounded to the air terminal ground.

SKIRT

U -BOLTS

SUPPORTING CYLINDER

COAXIAL CABLE

ANTENNA MAST

COAXIAL CABLE

RADIOEQUIPMENT

--- - GROUND

Fig. 4-Lightning protection is providedby joining the 'net& cylinder and mastand grounding through heavy gauge cop-per or aluminum wire. Equipment chassisshoLld be connected to the same ground.

Vertically Polarized Antennas

isgrounded, partly at least, via theshield of the coaxial cable or hollowtransmission line-if the radio equip-ment chassis is grounded. As shownin fig. 3, the radiating element of atypical vertically -polarized base sta-tion antenna is not grounded ade-quately to afford any appreciablelightning protection. It can be seenthat when the antenna plug is dis-connected from the radio equipment,the whip and skirt of the coaxial an-tenna are insulated from each otheras far as d -c is concerned. When theplug is connected, the antenna whipis grounded to the equipment chassisvia either the transmitter or receiverinput circuit or a resistor as shownin fig. 3. The antenna skirt isgrounded to the equipment chassisvia the shield of the coaxial cable.

In the event lightning strikes theantenna, it will probably seek outthe whip. Very high current willthen flow through the center con-ductor of the coaxial cable, the co-axial connectors, the shunt resistor(if there is one), the antenna relaycontacts and through the receiver ortransmitter antenna coil, dependingupon the setting of the relay. Thiscurrent will undoubtedly be so high


that the cable's inner condlictor willburn out. There have been cases re-ported in which the conductor of arubber covered wire had completelydisappeared without apparent dam-age to the insulation. It is quite likelythat the stroke would destroy the

GROUND

CONNECTION

GROUNDWIRE

WIRESUPPORTS

GROUND ROD

GROUND PLANEANTENNA

ANTENNASUPPORT

CLAMPS

IA L

CABLE

> CABLESUPPORTS

EQUIPMENTSHELTER

,GROUND TOEQUIPMENT BOX

POLE

Fig. 5-Heavy gauge copper or aluminumwire from a ground -plane antenna base toa heavy rod driven deep into the earth willgive optimum protection from lightning.

antenna and transmission line andcause extensive damage to the radioequipment.

Fig. 4 shows how such an antennacan be treated to provide better light-ning protection. The metal cylinderwhich protrudes downward from theantenna skirt, and which is attachedto the antenna mast to support theantenna, should be grounded througha solid copper or aluminum wire.This grounds the lower half of theantenna. Static charges are dissi-pated to ground via the radio equip-ment's antenna circuits, if the equip-ment is grounded. Preferably, theequipment chassis should be con-nected to the same ground as theantenna protection ground.

The same kind of treatment maybe applied to a ground plane an-tenna. The base of the antenna,where the ground plane radials and

supporting hardware meet, may begrounded in the same manner asabove. See Fig. 5.

Some mobile system base stationantennas have a certain amount oflightning protection built in. TheUnipole, for example, employs atrombone -type U-shaped verticalradiating element. One end of the Uis connected to the center conductorof the coaxial cable leading to theradio equipment. The other end isconnected to the ground plane of theantenna. For d -c, the radiating ele-ment is grounded, but not for r -f atthe operating frequency. By ground-ing the antenna base, the entirestructure is at d -c ground potential.

The Bendix lance antenna containsan internal matching stub which ap-plies a d -c short circuit across thetwo halves of the antenna. Ground-ing the supporting hardware groundsthe entire antenna. Some antennasare provided with a built-in light-ning arrester in the form of a toothedlock washer whose points come close,but do not touch the inner conductorof the antenna cable.

In some special antenna designs, atop cap is provided which is abovethe vertical radiating element andcan be grounded. Maximum protec-tion is afforded by extending agrounded element above the antennaradiating sections. With conventionalvertically -polarized antennas, this isdifficult to do without causing dis-tortion of the antenna's radiation pat-tern.

Wire Antennas

It has been common practice foralmost half a century to use light-ning arresters in connection withoutdoor antennas made of wire.When properly installed, some pro-tection is afforded. If the antennawire protrudes above surroundingobjects, it may be struck. The ar-rester may prevent damage to theradio equipment, and then again itmay not. It will, however, aid inbleeding off static accumulation onthe antenna.

Greater protection can be ob-tained by installing one or more airterminals as shown in fig. 6. An airterminal is installed on the top ofeach antenna mast. Each may begrounded independently. However,if the distance between the two mastsis small, they should be connected tothe same ground.

Grounds

When feasible, only one groundshould be used; the radio equipment,lightning arrester, air terminal, an-tenna mast (if metal) and antennasupporting hardware being connectedto the same ground. The best groundconnection is usually a cold waterpipe with connection made near tothe point where it enters the ground.Obviously, a sturdy ground clampshould be used. When a cold waterpipe is not available, a 6 -foot groundrod may suffice if the ground is moist.When the ground is dry, severalground rods should be installed ra-dially and connected as shown infig. 7. Sometimes this is impracticaland improvisations may be neces-sary.

In areas where the land is dry, itmay be difficult to obtain a low re-sistance ground. In such cases, ade-quate grounding, as far as lightning

Fig. 6-A greater degree of protection canbe made available for base station equip-ment by erecting air terminals on all masts.

protection is concerned, may be ob-tained by installing several groundrods or burying wires which extendradially from a common point. Insome instances, a counterpoise isused. A counterpoise, as old timersin radio will recall, is used in lieuof a ground and consists of an arrayof wires resembling an antenna,placed near, but above the earth'ssurface.

The ground wire, ideally, shouldrun straight down from the antennato ground. Kinks and bends offerhigh impedance to the sharp leading



Difficult Service Jobs Described by Readers

Heaters Too CoolWhen called to service a Motorola

TS -410A chassis, the complaint was adim raster, small picture and a verti-cal fold -over at the bottom-plusweak sound. Since a B+ fault wassuspected and the set had soldered -in selenium rectifiers, it was broughtto the shop. Our experience has in-dicated that merely changing sele-niums in the home without a thor-ough check of electrolytic filters,circuit load, etc., plus a regularheat -run, results in a high call-backrate.

I checked the B+ with a VOMand it was right on the nose -250

Fig. 1-The temperature coefficient changedon this "globar," resulting in lower -than -normal voltage on tube heaters.

volts! B+ boost was low, however.Our shop routine specifies checkingall tubes at this point and after re-placing a few that checked faulty,including a 12BH7 vertical tube andone sound tube, the set's sound re-turned to normal. But now there wasa bright horizontal line across thescreen.

Subsequent vertical circuit checksrevealed that the new 12BH7 hadjust gone out. After replacing thistube again the set now worked ex-actly as it did when first brought in-including weak sound!

I again checked B+ boost and

found it low. Inspecting the hori-zontal oscillator and amplifier sec-tion revealed that their 150 volt B+line was below normal, with lowdrive at the horizontal output tube'sgrid. A re -check of the higher B+again confirmed it to be 250 volts!

Attacking the sound section, Inext changed the 25L6 audio outputtube, though it tested "good" on thetube checker. The 150 volt B+ roseto normal.

Again using a VOM, I beganchecking along the boost line, even-tually arriving at the 12BH7 verticaltube. The drive on pin 7 was nearnormal.

While sizing up the situation andlighting what I considered to be awell -deserved cigarette, I observedthat most of the tube heaters ap-peared to be throwing off a little lessthan the normal amount of light.This is crazy, I thought to myself, asI reached for my VOM probes.

A check of the tube heaters, ac-cording to specifications, indeed in-dicated lower than normal heatervoltages throughout the string. Sinceall tubes showing any faults hadpreviously been replaced, I nextchecked the globar resistor, shownin Fig. 1. It was obvious the globar'sresistance was too high when hot.

After replacing the globar, boththe set and I resumed normal oper-ation in every respect.-L. C. Kisor,Beaverton, Oregon.

TV AntennaCompletes Circuit

I answered a service call on aCrosley TV model 10-421MU, withthe complaint, "poor vertical holdand horizontal slipping." Replacingthe sync amplifier and horizontal afctubes I adjusted the horizontal phas-ing. (In order to perform the latter

it was necessary to remove thechassis from the cabinet.) Aftermaking this adjustment the set ap-peared to work fine.

Fig. 2-With the cathode r -f choke open, TVset worked on a folded dipole antenna-butdidn't operate on the customer's conical.

Replacing the chassis in the cab-inet I turned the set on and thepicture was snowy. I then substi-tuted the tuner tubes-with no im-provement. After checking the lead-in and antenna, I removed the set tothe shop.

Connecting the set to the antennaand turning it on, the picture camein clear and sharp-with plenty of



Service That Audio Amplifier

Additional Test Equipment

& Different Service Approach

Needed For Hi-Fi Repairs

MANNIE HOROWITZELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT CO. INC.

Audio amplifiers are frequentlydismissed by TV service techniciansas one of the simplest circuits to re-pair. In view of the relative com-plexity of television circuitry, thisattitude may be warranted. Accord-ingly, better -quality audio amplifiersshould be a snap to service, yet TVspecialists shy away from this work.

How can this contrary conditionexist? Simply because hi-fi work isperfectionist service, while TV workis not. Where radio -TV owners havea reasonable degree of tolerance con-cerning the operating condition oftheir sets, hi-fi owners are abom-inable perfectionists. It isn't unusualto find possessors of hi-fi equipmentlistening for defects, rather thanmusic.

Consequently, the TV service ap-proach to hi-fi does not suffice. Get-ting the sound back to the intelligiblepoint is not enough. Proper equip-ment (which most shops alreadyhave) and an intelligent, patientservice technique are fundamentalmusts when applying audio amplifierrepair knowledge to quality sets. Inaddition, the labor charges must, ofnecessity, be higher.

Test Instruments

Where qualitative analysis isneeded, accurate test equipmentmust be used. Basic audio test equip-ment consists of: oscilloscope, sine -square wave generator, a -c volt-meter, and the normal complementof other equipment, such as capaci-tor -resistor decade boxes, VOM,dynamic tube tester, etc.

There isn't any limit to "accuracy"

in instruments. Invariably, you getwhat you pay for, give or take someindividualized features. The more ac-curate the instrument-the less in-terpretation of readings will be nec-essary. Even a grossly inaccuratepiece of equipment can give fairlycorrect results-if you have the timeand patience to learn the instru-ment's direction of error and com-pensate for it. This, of course, is notdesirable.

Audio work requires a scope ex-hibiting a bandwith of 20 to 50,000cycles in the vertical section, al-though it is more desirable to have ascope with a response from d -c to

about 200,000 cycles or more. In thelatter instance, the scope can servethe dual purpose of checking forproper square wave response of anamplifier as well as for TV align-ment applications.

Other characteristics of the scopeare as follows: the trace should bethin and bright. A sine wave appliedto the vertical amplifiers should notappear distorted on the screen. Thesweep oscillator in the scope shouldsynchronize easily with the appliedsignal.

A second vital piece of equipmentis the sine wave signal generator.The distortion must be negligible.

Fig. 1-A illustrates a perfect square wove fed to the input cf an audio amplifier. B through Eare waveshopes that can appear at the output of the amplifier, indicating various degrees ofdeficiencies. D and E may indicate instability.

0 PERFECT SQUARE WAVEAT INPUT TO AMP.

0 AMPLIFIER WITH LOSSOF HIGH FREQUENCIES

5000 CYCLES

AMPLIFIER WITH EXCESSIVEOVERSHOOT AND RINGING

10,000 CYCLES

© AMPLIFIER WITH LOSSOF LOW FREQUENCIES

100 CYCLES

0 AMPLIFIER WITH BAD PEAKIN RESPONSE - USUALLYABOUT 60,000 CYCLES

20,000 CYCLES

3$ ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN March, 1960

Observe the waveshape on an oscil-loscope to check that no trace of dis-tortion is apparent. If there is anyintention of doing careful work withdistortion analyzers, the measuredharmonic distortion of the oscillatorbetween 20 and 20,000 cycles shouldbe in the vicinity of 0.1%.

20 to 20,000 cycles is the minimumacceptable frequency range of anyaudio oscillator. A more desirablerange is from below 10 to more than100,000 cycles. The output should beflat within 1 or 2 db over the com-plete range.

A square wave generator is usefulfor checking bandwidth, powerpeaks or excessive ringing. Fig. 1

shows an idealized square wave aswell as the waveshapes resultingfrom the aforementioned conditions.Approximate frequency responsechecks can be made rapidly with asquare wave generator. Sine square -wave generators in one unit arecommercially available which canserve well in ordinary troubleshoot-ing functions.

It is advisable to have an a -c volt-meter with a frequency responsewide enough to monitor the inputand the output, as well as measurethe power delivered by an amplifierto the load (speaker or resistor). Itis further convenient to have twosuch meters-one at the input andone at the output. If one meter isused, an arrangement can easily bedevised to enable the switching ofthe single meter from input to out-put, as shown in Fig. 2. The economyin using one meter is logical sincethis instrument must be accurate,stable, and therefore, fairly expen-sive. Voltage regulation should be anintegral part in the circuitry of themeter. Depressed zero type move-ments are advantageous, althoughnot absolutely required. The mostsensitive range should be at least0.01 volt full scale deflection. A dbscale, as well as a voltage scale,should be printed on the face of themeter.

Other Equipment

General servicing instruments arenaturally needed. A good multimeter(minimum 20,000 ohms per volt) orVTVM is indispensable. If you ob-tain a VTVM, be certain that the a -csection measures peak -to -peak volt-ages. This will add flexibility as wellas supplement the RMS reading a -cmonitor meter previously mentioned.

A tube tester measuring dynamic

conductance is a convenient piece ofequipment. A unit with a micromhoscale will be helpful for matchingoutput tubes. Avoid emission typetesters for quality audio work sincethey will not give as conclusive in-formation concerning the conditionof a tube.

A capacitance and resistance dec-ade box is a real time-saver. Thisinvestment will repay itself manytimes.

An additional equipment aid pe-culiar to audio service work is aquality hi-fi set-up. Unlike TV orradio, which are complete withinthemselves. hi-fi equipment is fre-quently in component form. This be-ing the case, it is imperative that theaudio technician have the means fortesting the various supplementalunits used with the "heart" of ahi-fi system, such as tuners, recordchangers, etc. Sometimes the dif-ficulty is not in the audio amplifier,although symptoms may indicate thatit is; and vice versa.

Therefore, it is most helpful tohave a quality audio amplifier, withseparate preamplifier for added ver-satility, a properly enclosed hi-fispeaker (or quality head phones)and a sound source, such as tuner orrecord player. This equipment, likeall test equipment, should be main-tained in excellent operating condi-tion.

Fig. 2-A DPDT switch conveniently switchesthe VTVM input to output. Input and outputcircuitry grounds are independert to avoidinteraction. tow capacity shielded wire shouldbe used for connections.

-----"'-'DPDT SWITCIR(TOGGLE, SLIDE,ROTARY,Etc.)

0 12 OHMINTERNAL

RESISTANCEOF BATTERY

12 VOLTBATTERY

12 OHMINTERNAL

RESISTANCEOF BATTERY

12 VOLT ..BA TTERY

12 OHMVOLTMETER

II MEGOHMVT VM

Fig. 3-Erroneous readings can result due tothe effect of different meter resistance loads.In A, a 12 oho voltmeter measures six volts.The 11 megohm VTVM in B measures 12 voltsacross the battery.

Troubleshooting

The most economical audio ampli-fier troubleshooting procedures comewith ease after many years of ex-perience. The procedure outlinedmay seem needlessly long at firstglance. However, experience willprove that following the step-by-step procedure and applying logic ineach case will eliminate wastefuleffort.

The vacuum tube is the componentmost likely to go bad. Before pro -ceding with any circuitry tests, checkall the tubes. This can best be ac-complished by substitution of knowngood tubes in the amplifier.

After being convinced that alltubes in the amplifier are good, thenext logical step would appear to besignal tracing. By chance, this maypoint out the defective stages. Signaltracing can be very misleading un-less the operation is performed witha thorough knowledge of the audiocircuit under test. Complications dueto feedback loops dictate that signaltracing should be postponed as ameans of troubleshooting and usedonly when other methods fail. [Tech-nicians are divided on this point.Many do prefer the signal tracingmethod.-Ed.]

The logical step is to check all thevoltages in the amplifier with re-spect to B- ground. An effectiveprocedure is to start at the powersupply and work back from the out-put to the input stages. The cathodevoltage is an indication of whetheror not a particular tube circuit inquestion is operating. A second in-dication is the presence of a voltagedrop across the plate load resistor.



It's well known that closed-circuitTV has many applications, bothpresent and potential. Such systemscan be used in education and homes,industry and commerce, sports andtransportation, and on and on.

Presented below is a list of appli-cations prepared by Sylvania's ArgusCameras division. Well over 100 usesare presented ... and the surface hasjust been scratched.

EducationTeach multiple classrooms -1 teacherProject complicated experimentsChurch overflowLanguage teachingObservation of children in school for

blindMicroscopic & telescopic work

IndustrialPlant securitySupervisory aidTime StudyInspection workObservation of furnacesUse on large boom cranesPower plant night watchmanExpedite inspection & change noticesWatch nuclear reactionWatch drop testingObserve all dangerous tasksUse in minesInventory controlObserve blasting conditionsObserve ground structure in drilling

wellsMonitoring coffee hour & tardinessIcy conditions on power linesObserve movement & erection of beams

on construction jobsSidewalk superintendents

HomeSupervise children in pools, sleeping,

etc.Observe ill peopleHome amusementCheck on baby sitterHome shoppingDoor monitor

Department StoresSales TrainingStop pilferage, pick pockets

Uses For

Closed -Circuit TV

Observe stock depletionDisplaying of waresStore monitorMonitor cashier & registersObserve customer reactionObserve for burglars

Marine WorkUnderwater observation-marine lifeConstruction & inspection of bridges,

dams, flood control areas, etc.Submarine accessory to avoid minesShipboard operation-loading-unload-

ingCheck docks, visible clearance on locks,

floating logs, etc.

Farms, Kennels, Stables, ZoosWild life studiesObserve cattle in barnClose observance of small chicksObserve animals in zoo, check on ani-

mals in dens, reduce watchmenVeterinarians to observe sick animalsObserve horses in stable

SportsGolf-observe swingBowling-watch ball break on alleyLife Guard on beachesRifle & archery ranges-check hitsHorse racing, boat racing, track, base-

ball, football, swimming meets, etc. toobserve close-up action and finish

MedicineClinic work-to observe groupsObservation of operations for teachingObserve patients in hospitalMicroscopic displaysX-ray work-transmit platesSilent page for calling doctorsDental workExtend view of patients in iron lungs,

etc.

Police WorkPolice and fire trainingObserve inmates in jails and peniten-

tiariesUse in banks-have police controlGame wardens-to check legal catchAllow guards to monitor larger areasCheck vaults-for burglary and locked -

in personsExtra line-up for police work. No

bright lights and easy transmittal toother areas

TV camera & infra red for night workObserve men in solitaryMonitor own radar stationMuseums for guarding art

AdvertisingAdvertising medium for sale of TVBarber shops to show waiting timeDisplay restaurant menuMonitor kitchen to patronsPut screen on outside to show what's

going on insideMonitor in large restaurants to locate

empty tablesUse as artificial windows

TrainsCar control at yardsCheck hot boxes on moving trainsLocate trains in stormsCheck bad weather in snow and in

mountainsControl switchingPeriscope for rear view on trainsScenic display to passengers

Traffic ControlSubway & train controlFreight traffic -trucks, airlines, busesBus companies to check time & num-

ber of buses past stopsParking ramp to locate spacesElevators & escalators-have camera on

each floorTaxi dispatching-install at hotels, air-

ports, etc.Customs people to inspect under carsCheck weather & road conditions aheadPoint out dangerous areas & blind

spotsReservation desk & schedule observa-

tionAutomatic intersection-control trafficTV on trucks or docks for backing upRear view mirror on automobiles

MilitaryInstall on planes for elimination of

blind spotsMiniaturize and use in spy workGround observationObserve gun crews-check efficiencyObserve front lines

MiscellaneousFire fighting equipmentObservation of forest firesInformation transmittal from record

roomsKinescope & recordingRescue squads to locate explosives,

gasesStock market ticker tape observationOn amusement rides for ground obser-

vation


Part II

Measure Your Service OperationsSurvey Gives TV Service Dealer Business Comparison Tool

For Advertising, Tube Sales, Hours Worked, Annual $ Volume

ANDREW E. KIMBALLMANAGER, MARKETING RESEARCH

REC. TUBE DEPT., GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.

Last month, G.E.'s extensive sur-vey of business practices amongradio -TV service dealers coveredcharacteristics and pricing of TVservice work. Another phase of thisstudy, and equally important, is theoperating details of the service busi-ness. This includes: advertisingmedia, hours worked, dollar invest-ment for equipment, gross receipts,etc. How you compare with others inyour profession can help you analyzefuture business directions.

1. Types of advertising done regu-larly.

Yellow pages ads and newspaperads are the most popular types of ad-vertising in all city and dealer sizegroups, as indicated in Table I, withdirect mail also very important inlarge cities. Dealers in small citiestend to be greater users of news-paper and radio advertising and

lesser users of direct mail than deal-ers in large cities.

It is interesting to note the largenumbers of dealers who do no ad-vertising. As might be expected, mostof these are small dealers. Thesedealers may have sufficient workavailable without advertising, mayhave insufficient means to pay forads, or may feel that reputation andword-of-mouth communication issufficient.

Large dealers tend to do more ofall types of advertising than do smalldealers. Speculating on the causeand effect relationship here, it ispossible that large dealers are largerbecause they advertise more thansmaller dealers.

2. Percent of receiving tubes soldover-the-counter.

There has been a slight downwardtrend in over-the-counter sales overthe past four years. Over half ofservice dealers surveyed sell lessthan 10% of their receiving tube vol-ume over-the-counter. On the other


TABLE I

Percent of Service Dealers Using

By City A DealerYellowPages

News-paper

Ads

DirectMail or

HandbillsRadioSpots

Bill- TVboards Spots None

Over 100,000Under 1 Technician 53% 22% 33% 3% 25%1-3 Technicians 60 37 44 5 7 9Over 3 Technicians 88 68 60 20 4% 12

10,000-100,000Under 1 Technician 65% 27% 30% 11% 3% - 22%1-3 Technicians 80 62 32 19 16 - 6Over 3 Technicians 85 79 37 26 5 5% 5

Under 10,000Under 1 Technician 50% 39% 24 % 13% 4% - 33%1-3 Technicians 75 71 29 20 14 - 16Over 3 Technicians no no nO no na na

TABLE II

Average Hours per WeekBy City Size 1955 1959

Over 100,000population 59 54

10,000-100,000 56 53Under 10,000 53 52

TABLE III

Volume Added by EachEmployed Technician

By City SizeOver 100,000

Gross NetAnnual AnnualVolume* Volume

population $11,000 $1,05010,000-100,00 12,000 1,500Under 10,000 6,500 850By Dealer Size1-3 Technicians $ 9,500 $1,100Over 3 Technicians 11,500 1,400 Figures above should be recognized asrough indicators only. Volumes shown aremedian values.

TABLE IV

DEALER SIZEBY NUMBER OFTECHNICIANS

AVERAGE EQUIPMENTDOLLAR INVESTMENT

1955

ONE $1,000

1-3OVER 3

0.500

1959$1,500

S 2.300_=S 2.300 S 3.400'

TABLE V

Percent of DealersStore Home

By Dealer Size Front Shop OtherUnder 1 Technician 60% 37% 3%1-3 Technicians 88 11 1

Over 3 Technicians 92 4 4

ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN March, 1960 41 1

Stop TV -Radio

InterferenceFig. 2-A professional type noise locatorpermits rapid location of interference sources.

Identify, Locate & Correct TV1 and Radio Disturbances

JERRY WELLS

Interference complaints receivedby the Federal CommunicationsCommission last year totaled morethan 18,000. This figure, no doubt,represents only a small fraction ofinterference difficulties, since mostpersons do not bother to contact theFCC.

Visual and aural irritants causedby external interference havereached immense proportions. Thiscan be more fully appreciated byknowing that the FCC, even withits comprehensive facilities, sponsors

Fig. 1-Some typical interference patterns asforms identified can vary widely, but primary

Adjacent Channel Interference

FM Interference

more than 500 cooperative self-helpinterference committees composed ofengineers, TV technicians, amateurradio operators, and others. In addi-tion, a number of technicial socie-ties are engaged in practical inter-ference research.

Using proper techniques, much ofthis interference can be eliminatedor greatly reduced.

Interference Sources

Disregarding interference origi-nating in receiver components, poorantenna connections, and that caused

they appear on a TV screen. Each of theinterference characteristics remain the same.

R -F Beat Pattern

Diathermy Interference

by multi -path reflections, inter-ference is caused by electro-magnetic radiations. Sources can bebroadly classified as follows:

1. Appliances and other electrical de-vices.

2. Electronic equipment.3. Atmospherics.

Types of Interference

Electro-magnetic waves radiatedby these devices are diverse incharacter. The electrical group iscomposed of more than a hundreddifferent offenders, including fluo-resent lights, truck and auto igni-tion systems, dental drills, shoe re-pair machinery, etc.

Electrical interference comes pri-marily from sparking motor brushesand make -and -break circuits, flash-ing light devices, relays, thermostats,etc.

The electronic group includes AMand FM transmitters of all types,oscillators in FM and TV receivers,TV horizontal output circuits, TVrelay "boosters," medical equipment,industrial electronic heaters, etc.

External interference is injectedinto radio or TV receivers in thefollowing ways:

1. Directly through the a -c or d -csupply line, or by radiation frompower lines.

2. Through the antenna and/or feed -line.

3. Direct pick-up by i-f stages.

Identifying Interference

Before interference can be reducedor eliminated, it is helpful to knowhow to identify electrical and elec-tronic types.


The sound of electrical interferencefrom the speaker of a radio or TVapproximates the normal backgroundnoise. The fact that it generally cov-ers the entire tuning dial or appearson a number of TV channels is themost revealing clue.

Electrical interference on the TVscreen may appear as black hori-zontal streaks, or as black and whitedots and dashes, depending uponradiation intensity. It may cover theentire screen or be arranged in oneor more horizontal bands. For ex-ample, an ordinary light bulb, whenoscillating, is somewhat similar totwin Barkhausen oscillations, but ap-pears horizontally across the screeninstead of vertically-indicating it'slow frequency emission.

The sound of electronic inter-ference usually stands out promi-nently from the receiver's normalbackground. It can be identifiedby its audible "whistles," withvarying degrees of pitch, and itshighly selective tuning characteristic.On frequency modulation, audiblewhistle may have a bubbling or dis-torted quality. As previously men-tioned, reference is being made onlyto external interference-not to in-ternal receiver faults that frequentlycreate similar sounds.

On the TV screen, electronic in-terference may appear as a black

Fig. 3-A pi -type filter between the walloutlet and a TV or radio, suppresses h -finterference received through the a -c line.

L

TO TVOR

RADIO

L

C - .001 TO .007L - 6 FT. OF *12

INSULATED WIRE ON1/2" OR FORM

TV OR RADIO ( WALL )LINECORD

FILTER

AS SHORT ASPOSSIBLE

OUTLET

MOTOR

MOTOR

MOTOR r

TOAC

LINE

.004

.004

2.4 mh

I 17 VAC

2.4 mh

METAL BOXFEED-THRUCAPACITORS

.001TO .1

1002

FILTER

002117VAC

SHORT WIRE --"APPLIANCE OROTHER TYPE MOTOR

Fig 4 (Al-Delta type filter suppresses in-terference caused by sparking motor brushes.

lar filter with h -f chokes. ICI-Using feedthru capacitors enclosed in ametal boc gives maximum suppression

horizontal bar, covering approxi-mately one quarter of the screen;(as strong diathermy) or as a her-ring -bone, zig-zag pattern, (weakerdiathermy).

Other types of horizontal bars maybe caused by AM interference. Alter-nate white and dark vertical ordiagonal lines, frequently called"cross -hatching," is caused by sometypes of c -w interference, includingharmonics beating with the i-f,image or picture frequency. Addi-tional types are indicated by "S"curve patterns across the screen.These lines will vary in width, posi-tion and number, depending uponthe frequency and frequency varia-tions of the interfering signal. SeeFig. 1.

If the interference is on or nearan r -f band and is beating with theTV picture or sound carrier, littleor no change will take place in thesound or in the interference patternon the TV screen when the fine tun-ing control is adjusted.

If the interference is at or nearthe i-f or image frequency, a slightvariation in the fine tuning controlwill change the tone of the signal

and the number of lines in the beatpattern on the screen will increaseor decrease.

Locating Interference Sources

Some professionals use elaboratecommercial noise locating instru-ments, as illustrated in Fig. 2. How-ever, many experienced technicansutilize all -wave type portable re-ceivers with non -directional verti-cal antennas. By attaching an outputmeter, the direction of an offendingsource is easier determined by ob-serving signal level variations as thedistance from the source varies.Other technicians have providedVHF and UHF coverage to some all -band receivers by using converters.

Many electrical sources of inter-ference have been successfully lo-cated with nothing more than anordinary battery portable broadcastreceiver, having a closed circuit jackwired in for rapid shifting fromspeaker to meter.

When faced with an interferenceproblem the technician should firstmake certain the interference is ex-ternal from the receiver. Take noth-ing for granted, otherwise consider-able embarrassment may arise.

The next step is to eliminate thepossibility of interference originatingin the customer's home.

If a battery operated radio is avail -

Fig. 5-Band filters can suppress specificFrequency interference radiations at trans-mitters and TV receivers.

ZERO

PASSELsi BAND

i 1

i SUPPRESSED1BAND i L

0 10 20 30 40 5060 70 60 90 100NC

ZERO

SUPPRESSED PASSEDBAND I BAND

I

0 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 00MC

ZERO

----'T7 7 - -

T_

/NF

RION- .7.".

I /NF

SERIES E. PARALLELFREQUENCY

SUPPRESSIONFILTERS

itIPASSE"ti USSEOTAND

/NF0 10 20 2, 4., 6,

VC


able on which interference can beheard, the disturbance can be iso-lated in or out of the house by pull-ing the main power switch. If thistype of receiver is not available, thea -c line from each electrical or elec-tronic device in the home can be re-moved from the outlets, one at atime, while observing the inter-ference on the customer's radio ortelevision.

If the interference is found to beoutside the customer's home, then itmust be located with hand -carriedportable equipment on foot, or withequipment mounted in an auto.

To obtain an approximate "line"on the interference, move away fromthe customer's home over a circulararea, observing if the interferencebecomes weaker or stronger on thespeaker or output meter. The direc-tion indicating an increase in inter-ference strength will generally in-dicate the direction of the source. Itis followed in this manner untillocated.

Certain types of interference aredifficult to locate. For example,

Fig. 6-Series and parallel tuned traps in-serted in the feed -line, tuned to the inter-fering frequency, can eliminate many typesof interference in a TV receiver.

TO TUNER INPUT

-tI

_

TO ANTENNAANTENNA

SERIES TUNED TRAPS

TO TUNER INPUT

1 1L_

TO ANTENNA

PARALLEL TUNED TRAPS

TOANT

radiations from plastic heaters. Theiremission intensity and frequencyconstantly vary, and a "fix" evenwith a direction finder, - is almostimpossible. Interference of thischaracter should be reported to thelocal Cooperative Interference Com-mittee (CIC), Television Interfer-ence Committee (TVIC), or to thenearest FCC office.

Once an offending device is located,the technician is obliged to reduceor eliminate the interference.

Although best results can gen-erally be obtained by installingproper filter networks at the inter-ference source, a filter at the a -coutlet may prove helpful. Fig. 3 illus-trates a pi type filter for eliminat-ing interference being fed to the setthrough the a -c line. Of course, ifthe receiver is picking up the inter-ference by radiation from the a -cline this may not prove effective. Allcomponents in a -c line filters mustbe capable of withstanding powerdrawn by the equipment. The pitype filter is also effective in pre-venting high frequency harmonicsfeeding back into the power linefrom any electronic device.

Two variations of the delta typefilter are shown in Fig. 4. This filtercan be effective in reducing oreliminating medium and high -fre-quency components caused by sparkdischarges at motor brushes. Thecapacitors are generally not toocritical, although for suppressingvery high frequency radiations, feed -through type capacitors are usedand all components should bemounted in a metal box, as illus-trated in Fig. 4C. The feed -throughcapacitors are also known as coaxial,thru-pass, bushing, etc., types.Whenever possible, all filter net-works should be attached as closelyas possible to the device. Capacitorvalues should be as small as pos-sible, consistent with optimum re-sults.

In addition to normal motor filter-ing, thermostats, foot -pedal switches,circuit breakers and relays often re-quire their own filters.

Fluorescent lamps can also causestrong interference. Commercial 3 -in -1 delta type filter units are avail-able. Capacitors should be enclosedin a metal box and grounded. Insevere cases the pi type filter, shownin Fig. 3, may prove superior.

In eliminating interference causedby electronic equipment, three basic

Fig. 7-A 1/, wave open stub or 1/2 waveshorted stub, cut to the exact frequency ofthe interference, is an effective band sup-pression trap. If the stub reduces gain whenviewing another channel this can be cor-rected by opening the switch.

filters are available: low-pass, high-pass and band suppression types.Filters previously described areessentially low-pass. Basic configu-rations and graphic illustrations oftheir individual uses are shown inFig. 5. These filters can be relativelysimple or elaborate in design, de-pending upon requirements. A num-ber of constant K and M derived sec-tions can be placed together formaximum suppression over specificand wide bandwidths.

To eliminate electronic radiationin an efficient manner, the frequencyof the interfering signal should beknown. To know the fundamentalfrequency of the transmitter or otherequipment may help in some cases,but interference is not always causedby the fundamental frequency.

TV Problems

All transmitters causing inter-ference must be completely shielded,have a low-pass filter in the a -csupply line, and a properly ter-minated low-pass filter inserted inthe antenna feed -line directly at thetransmitter.

If a near -by transmitter is over -(Continued on page 53)


Tips for Home and Bench Service

Long Handle TweezersTool users occasionally need

tweezers with a greater reach, morestable holding action, or strongergripping power. When needed, it is asimple matter to meet these require-ments in the following manner:

Tape a tweezer to one jaw of aneedle nose pliers or spring typeclothespin, as illustrated in Fig. 1.

The tweezer should be positionedbetween the jaws of a plier or

Fig. 1-A simple extension tool can be de-vised to get those inaccessible screws, nuts,etc., by taping tweezers to long -nosed pliersor a spring -type clothes pin.

clothespin so their jaws are closedwhen the tweezer jaws are closed,and vice versa.

When using the clothespin ar-rangement, no pressure is requiredfrom the hand or fingers to maintainthe tweezer's grip.

This arrangement provides ahandy tool-quickly improvised-for picking up small objects from in-accessible places.-Glen F. Stillwell,Manhattan Beach, Calif.

CRT Heater RepairA high resistance solder joint fre-

quently occurs on CRT pins 1 or 12,causing the heater to open. In somecases we have found new CRT's withinsufficient solder or cold joints inthe pins-rendering the tubes inop-erative. The tube, regardless of age,

may be perfect in every respect butlack of heater voltage has made it auseless dud.

After trying many soldering meth-ods we found the following proce-dure to be the most effective:

Using a small fine -cutting rat-tailfile and holding the heater pinsfirmly with long nose pliers, carefullyfile into the heater pins to a pointwhere the wire protruding fom theglass bulb are exposed. See Fig. 2.File the wire itself slightly-justenough to produce a clean raw sur-face. Apply a small amount of rosincore solder to the exposed area witha soldering iron, allowing solder toflow into the opening until the areais just filled.

When the job is done in this man -

RAT -TAIL FILECUTTING INTO FILAMENT PINS

Fig. 2-CRT's with cold-solde filament con-nections can be permanently saved by baringthe pin's heater wires before soldering.

ner there is little chance of a secondfailure because of a poor joint.-Calvin B. Bailey, Erwin, Tennessee.

Versatile JigA commercially available jig for

cutting control shafts can be adaptedto many other uses by the techni-cian. Fig. 3, for example, illustratestwo practical shop applications.

By mounting a control in the jig,it is easy to remove excess solder orstraighten lugs.

When not being used for its origi-nal purpose, the jig can also serve as

Fig. 3-Ordinarily used for cutting controlshafts, this popular jig can double as a"third hand" when lying idle.

a solder dispenser. A large spool ofrosin -core solder handles well whenplaced between the two upright sec-tions shown in Fig. 3. The solder canbe pulled through one control open-ing, as needed-H. Leeper, Canton,Ohio.

SHOP HINTS WANTED!$3 to $10 for acceptable items. Use drawings toiilustrate whenever ne ry. A rough sketch willco. Photos are desirable. Unacceptable items willbe returned. Send your entries to "Shop Hints"Editor, ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN, 480 LexingtonAve., New York 17, N. Y.


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TWO-WAY RADIOBy Allan Ly tel. For the communicationstechnician, and those interested in enter-ing the field, this book covers mobile andfixed base stations. Theory is presentedwith a minimum of math. Antennas, se-lective calling, power supplies and testinstrument chapters are included. Photos.drawings and charts are generously used.Hard cover. 304 pages. Price $9.50.

INDUSTRIAL CONTROLCIRCUITS

By Sidney Platt. Excellent starting pointfor TV technician interested in learningabout industrial electronics. Non -mathe-matical text explains circuitry and op-eration of power controls, relays, timers,photoelectric devices and instrumentationfound in factories. Practical application,.shown. Soft cover, 200 pages. Price 53.99.

101 WAYS TO USE YOURSIGNAL GENERATOR

By Robert G. Middleton. A fine collectionof brief explanations on how to use thegenerator for various tests. Twenty-fiveequipment checks are presented, sevenantenna tests, 27 AM -FM receiver tests.28 TV tests, 10 component tests and fourmiscellaneous. Each description brieflylists the required equipment connection..etc. Soft cover, 123 pages. Price $2.00.

PHOTOTUBES

By Alexander Schure. This well writtenvolume provides an excellent basis forunderstanding the theory and operationof the photo element. After coveringfundamentals and photoemissivity theory,the text goes into photo tubes, bothvacuum and gas filled, as well as phototube amplifiers. Review questions arecarried at the end of each chapter. Softcover, 96 pages. Price $1.80.

SHOOT TV & RADIOTROUBLE FAST

By Harry G. Cisin. The first part of ti.book relates to symptoms, faults inremedies for ac -dc radios. The secotpart covers TV, with each practical t,and repair explanation related tospecific problem. Printed circuits are dicussed. Soft cover, 40 large pages. Pri,$1.50.

BASICS OF DIGITALCOMPUTERS (3 vols.)

By John S. Murphy. Using the easy -to -learn picture book technique, these threevolumes explain the theory and functionsof digital computers. Very little mathe-matics. Covers counting systems, com-puter language, programming, memories,logic diagrams, flip-flops, clamping, input-output and data processing. Soft cover,416 pages. Price S8.40/set.

IMPEDANCE MATCHINGBy Alexander Schure. Divided into fivemajor sections, this informative bookcovers power transfer, impedance match-ing devices, matching at audio and r -f,and matching in transistor circuits. Com-plete with tables, schematics and compu-tation examples. Soft cover, 128 pages.Price $2.90

RADIO OPERATOR'S LICENSEQ & A MANUAL

By Milton Kaufman. This sixth editiongives you the information you need topass FCC license examinations. In ques-tion and answer form similar to actualFCC tests, all eight elements are covered.including law, radiotelephone, radiotele-graph, aircraft and ship radar. Abbrevia-tions. code. etc. included. Hard cover736 pages. Price S7.I0.

HOW TO INSTALL &SERVICE AUTO RADIOS

By Jack Darr. This second edition con-tains much practical information of realuse to technicians. In addition to servicedata on antennas, intermittents, noisesuppression, speakers and troubleshoot-ing, transistorized and hybrid radios arecovered. 6-12 volt conversions are ex-plained. Soft cover 160 pages. Price $3.25.

MARINE ELECTRONICSHANDBOOK

By Leo G. Sands. This informative textcovers the many electronic devices usedon boats, including radiophone, soundsystems, direction finders, depth sounders,steering devices, radar and power sources.Schematics are given for commercialunits now on the market. Information ontroubleshooting is provided. Soft cover,232 pages plus pullouts. Price $3.95.

GUIDE TO MOBILE RADIO

By Leo Sands. This fundamental, yetpractical book on 2 -way radio covers basestations, transmitters, receivers, antennas,remote controls, power supplies, portablegear, field survey, selective calling, li-censing and maintenance. One sectionexamines useful test instruments. Softnever. 160 pages. Price S2.85.

HOW TO RUN ASMALL BUSINESS

By J. K. Lasser. Here is a basic businessguidebook for service dealers and otheroperators of retail and small manufactur-ing firms. Covers record keeping, avoid-ing frauds, tax management, credit sales,insurance programs, how to buy an es-tablished business, financing and otherimportant topics. Hard cover, 400 pages.Price $4.95.

MASTER RECEIVING -PICTURE TUBE

SUBSTITUTION GUIDEBy H. A. Middleton. This newly revisededition covers an impressive 5100 Ameri-can receiving tube substitutions, 825CRT's and 325 U.S.-European receivingtube equivalents. Circuits are discussedin relation to substitution problems. Thisdata can cut excess tube stocks. Softcover. 352 pages. Price S7.45.

OBTAINING & INTERPRETINGTEST SCOPE TRACES

By John F. Rider. This handbook showshow to get the most out of your oscil-loscope. Over 800 traces are shown.including sine, square, rectangular, trape-zoid, sawtooth differentiated and inte-grated types. Explains scope connections.manipulating controls and test setupsSoft cover, 190 pages. Price $3.00.

SMALL APPLIANCE SERVICING

By P. T. Brockwell, Jr. This volumegives you professional small applianceservicing techniques and business pro-cedures. Illustrated instructions tell howto test units. Covers irons, toasters.mixers, roasters, coffee makers, waffleirons. rotisseries and others. A profitablesideline for TV technicians. Hard cover.180 pages. Price $4.50.

ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN editors have carefully selected these books

by the world's leading technical publishers. Order direct from our Book

Department. Fill in coupon or separate sheet. Money -back guarantee.

SERVICING TRANSISTORRADIOS

By Leonard D'Airo. After a brief dis-cussion of fundamentals, the text goesinto radio circuits, servicing techniques,tests, measurements and dictionary oftransistor terms. Interchangeability chartcovers a variety of close replacements,including number and type. Soft cover.224 pages. Price $2.90.

BASK AUDIOBy Norman Crowhurst. This referenceuses the picture book technique. Vol. 1covers acoustics, mikes, speakers andnetworks. Vol. II explains amplification,coupling, distortion, response and circuitperformance. Vol. III examines feedback,supplies, lines, oscillators, recording and.very briefly, stereo. Soft covers. 368 pages.SIN/vol.; $8.70 per 3-vol. set. Hard cover,n single binding. S9.95.

300:ts Described PreviouslyBASIC TELEVISION 15 vo.s.) $10.00

INTRODUCTION TO PRINTED CIRCUITS .... S 2.70

BASIC ELECTRONICS 15 vols.I $10.00

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ELECTRONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTMANUAL .. $ 7.50

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ELECTRONICCOMMUNICATIONS

By Robert Shrader. Starting with ele,-Ironic fundamentals. this comprehensivereference text goes through transmitters.FM. antennas, TV, shipboard radio, loran.radar and communication law. Chaptersend with two sets of questions, oneprepare the reader for commercial FCCexams, the other for amateur license,'.Hard cover, 937 pages. Price S13.

TV CONSULTANTBy H. G. Cisin. Rapid TV trouble -shoot-ing methods used here pinpoints cause ofproblem according to 24 sound symptoms.213 pix symptoms and over 45 rastersymptoms. Checks for each problem arcnoted. Also presented are explanationsrapid alignment technique and UHF serv-icing. Soft cover. 70 large pages. Price S.

100 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITSBy Milton Aronson & Charles Kezer.Here is a useful basic circuit referencebook covering a wide variety under eightmajor sections, including power supplies.amplifiers, oscillators, pulse circuits, testinstruments, alarms, phototubes and mis-cellaneous. In addition to the schematic,a page or two of text accompanies eachcircuit, explaining the operation andcharacteristics. Soft cover. 180 pages.Pr;( ;2.00.

MODERN TRANSISTORCIRCUITS

By John M. Carroll. This collection ofmore than 100 advanced technical articlesfrom Electronics magazine contains some200 schematics of specialized transistorcircuits, in addition to many other wave-form, curve and block diagrams. Specificequipment covered includes amplifiers,oscillators, power supplies, pulse circuits.radio -TV, audio, test instruments. etc.Hard cover. 268 pages. price SR.50.

Also See New Books on Page 85

CUT HERE EIXTRONIC MARKETERS 3-60(ILECTRONIC TECHNICIAN Bock Dept.)480 Lexington AvenueNew York 17, N.Y.I plan to build my technical library. Please send me the books I have indicatedbelow. You will pay postage. I understand that if I am not satisfied with any bookfor any reason. I may return it to you prepaid in good, clean condition within7 days of receipt and receive a complete refund.Enclosed is my check or money order, in full payment, made out to ELECTRONICMARKETERS._Two -Way Radio @ $ 9.50 _Master Receiving -Picture

Industrial Control Circuits .. . @ $ 3.90 lube Substitution Guide @ $ 7.45_101 Ways to Use Your _Obtaining and Interpreting

Signal Generator @ $ 2.00 Test Scope Traces @ $ 3.00

_Phototubescoot TV & Radio

Trouble Fast_Basics of Digital Computers

@ $

@ $. @ $

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_Basic Audio3 Vol. Set. Soft Cover @

_Basic Audio

$ 4.50S 2 90

S 8.70

_Impedance Matching @ $ 2.90 Single Binding. Hard Cover @ $ 9.95_Radio Operator's License _Electronic Communications ... @ $13 00

0 & A Manual @ $ 7.10 _TV Consultant @ S 2 00_How to Install & Service _100 Electronic Circuits @ $ 2 00

Auto Radios @ S 3.25 _Modern Transistor Circuits @ $ 8.50_Marine Electronics Handbook_Guide to MISile Radio

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MAIN

TIMER SWITCH

SWITCH

irrimmilii ' li=f1=1 L r_

.11UPPER WSW

ELEMENTSFRONT(1)LOWER BUSBARS

REAR(2)

PAIRS OF ELEMENTS ALL ELEMENTSIN SERIES PARALLEL IN PARALLEL

Fig. 1-Toaster elements are usually con-nected in parallel for 115 volt home use. 220volt lines are usual for luncheonettes, etc.

CRIMP NICHROME CONNECTOR

Fig. 2-Broken toaster element leads, or anynichrome heating element, can be repaired bycleaning both ends of the broken lead-insert-ing into a nichrome connector-and crimpingthe connector for a firm, non -sparking con-nection.

Fig. 3-Eyelets, used in conjunction with eye-let pliers, make neat, safe lead terminationson asbestos line cords. When the eyelet leadsare secured to a terminal board with screws,the possibility of stray strands causing ashort-circuit is minimized.

EYELET

EYELET PLIER

0 BARE WIRE

EYELET

FIBERGLASS-TYING CORD EYELET'

Servicing

Automatic

Toasters

Toaster Repairs Require

Electro-Mechanical Know -How

HAROLD KATZ

Who owns toasters? Practicallyevery home includes an automatictoaster. Who repairs toasters? A fewappliance service organizations, somehardware stores and not nearlyenough independent radio -TV com-panies.

For some obscure reason, the auto-matic facility of toasters appearsforebodingly difficult to the TVtechnician. He doesn't question hisability to cope with TV antenna in-stallation, installing a new powertransformer, troubleshooting com-plex electronic circuitry, etc., but apiddling toaster repair seeminglydestroys his ego. It shouldn't.

Besides having the obvious tech-nical ability to easily service toasters,their mass use presents the techni-cian with a large and profitable po-tential. In addition, this addedservice will acquaint people withother services offered by him.

Toasters have few major parts thatneed repair or replacement. Theseinclude a group of heating elements,line cord and timing mechanism. Inaddition, bakelite frame and handleparts occasionally chip or break,therefore needing replacement.

Heating Elements

Heating elements usually consistof nichrome wire wound on a rec-

tangular pressed mica board. Theyare usually connected in parallel for110 volt use, although series -parallelconnections are used for 220 voltlines. See Fig. 1. They can become

through normal use, re-sulting in a break in the wire, or be-cause of the housefrau's enthusiasmwhen attempting to dislodge a pieceof oversized bread, accidentally rip-ping some of the element wires. Ineither case, the particular elementthat is broken ceases to light andconsequently doesn't toast the breadon one side.

Testing for the defective elementis simple. Just plug in the toaster,start the operation and observe thelocation of the unlit element. If thelight of the element is not readilyperceptible, the technician can placebread in the toaster and notice whichside is not toasted.

Disassembly

Once identifying the element, it isnow necessary to disassemble thetoaster in order to repair or replaceit. Depending on the brand of toasterand the technician's familiarity withit, the entire repair should not con-sume much more than 20 minutes.

Before disassembling the toaster toexpose the heating elements (or anyother internal parts), the technicianshould carefully study the toaster'sassembly, rather than haphazardly


11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 lllll 11111111111111111111 lllll 1111111111111111111111111

Unlike radio -TV sets, house-hold toasters have few com-ponents and, therefore, locatinga defective part is compara-tively simple. Most frequentfailures are exhibited by linecords, nichrome elements, tim-ing devices and switches. Thetechnician planning to enterthe appliance service field gillfind a talent for the "mechani-cal side" of servicing a definiteasset.

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111i11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 .

removing screws. If passible, themanufacturer's service notes shouldbe referred to until experience withthe specific toaster is acquired.

The toaster should be placed on apadded surface when disassemblingit to avoid scratching the polishedfinish of the case. Also, in view ofthe number of screws and nuts to beremoved, some containers should beused to prevent losing them and easethe reverse order of assembly.

Disassembly, although differingfrom brand to brand, is basicallysimilar for most toasters. The metalcase assembly must be removed toexpose the elements. In order to dothis, a few parts must first be re-moved. Usually, they comprise thetiming button, lifting handle, baseand possibly the crumb tray. Oncethis is done, the case assembly canbe lifted away from the basic toasterassembly. Sometimes a little maneu-vering is necessary to accomplishthis. One word of caution, though,some units include removable breadguards. These bread guide rods mayfall out and damage the heating ele-ments if care is not exercised.

As previously stated, disassemblyvariations exist; however, some fore-thought should enable the technicianto tackle it without much difficulty.Sometimes, the removal solutionseems impossible. For example, re-moving the base screws of someToastmaster toasters will not neces-sarily result in easy removal of thebase. (Front and back handles areextended to form the base in a par-ticular model.) However, it is reallya simple matter to effect removal ifone knows how. The bakelite handle -base is provided with a flat bayonethead. To remove, after taking outpertinent screws, it is only necessaryto press downward and then out toremove the part. Simple, hut de-

ceiving to the uninitiated. And inci-dentally, a wonderful solution to the"do-it-yourselfers" who invariablybreak the bakelite part before givingup on it.

Element Removal

Once the shell is removed, thetechnician has the choice of replacingor repairing an element. If the de-fective element is from a fairly newtoaster and only a single break islocated, a repair may be effected,rather than replacing the part. Thefinal choice, however, should restwith the customer. If it is repaired,the service charge is naturally lower,since the customer doesn't have topay for a brand new element; how-ever, only the specific break repaircan be guaranteed, whereas a newelement is normally completelyguaranteed. In some instances, thecustomer will wish to have the ele-ment repaired in order to eithersave money or prevent waiting forthe part if the technician doesn'tstock it.

The elements may be attached tobus bars through asbestos leads at-tached to it or by metal eyeletswhich have nichrome wire affixed toit. Whichever the case, remove thescrew and nut attached to the ter-minal post or a bus bar. Then, re-move parts, if any, obstructingremoval of the defective element.These parts may be bread guards,

Fig. 4-A popular toaster uses a latch thatcatches the release lever, preventing popup.As the thermostat heats, the latch slowlymoves, eventually releasing the lever.

Fig. 5-Timing mechanism*ouster is shown, together with its auxiliaryheater.

CHART I

Manufacturers of Automatic Electric Toasters

Arvin IndustriesColumbus, Ind.

Camfleld Mfg. Co.700 N. KingsburyChicago 10, III.

Dominion Electric Corp.Mansfield, Ohio

Dormeyer Corp.Chicago 10, Ill.

General Electric Co.Portable Appliance Div.Bridgeport, Conn.

Hamilton Beach Div.Scoville Mfg. Co.Racine. Wis.

Knapp -Monarch3591 Bent Ave.St Louis, Mo.

Landers, Frary & Clark (UniNew Britain, Conn.

Proctor Electric Co.700 W. Tabor Rd.Philadelphia 20, Pa.

Sunbeam Corp.5600 Roosevelt Rd.Chicago 50, III.

Tcastmaster Products Div.McGrawEdison Co.1200 Charles Rd.Elgin, III.

Westinghouse Electric Co.M snsfield, Ohio

ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN Marc:), 1960 49

porcelain insulators atop element"ears" or any other device usei toretain the element within the toaste or to protect it.

On occasion, the screw fasteningthe element to the bus bar or ter-minal may be frozen due to the gen-erated heat of the unit. If this hap-pens, a few drops of penetrating oilshould unlock it.

Replacing the element requires thereverse procedure accorded removal.If ordering a new element, particularcare should be taken to list the name,model, serial number and element,whether left -center, right -side, etc.

Fig. 6-Typical toaster switch contacts areillustrated. This part is often a cause oftoaster operating failure. The part could bebent, contact points themselves con be burnt,preventing completion of the circuit.

(The position is determined by fac-ing the toaster's bread release han-dle.)

Elements often vary from year toyear, within the same brand. For ex-ample, connection holes may bealigned differently. Also, outside ele-ments frequently have differentamperage ratings than the centerones since they should emit moreheat. If the incorrect amperage ele-ment is obtained, it may fit physi-cally, but cause uneven toasting ofbread. The need for a seriel numberis mentioned because different runsof the same model may have a num-ber of modifications made.

Element Repair

An element may be repaired bylocating the break in the nichromewire and bridging it with a nichromeconnector. Heating element connec-tors, shown in Fig. 2, are availablefrom most appliance parts suppliers.A crimping tool is sometimes usedin conjunction with the connector.Cutting pliers, though, are also suc-cessful in crimping the connectors

and is the most likely tool for thisjob.

3e sure that the crimp is tight,thereby avoiding any spark gaps. Itis sometimes desirable to repair anelement with an exceptionally longbreak, making it impossible to bridgethe open circuit with a single con-nector. In this case, an extra pieceof nichrome wire is needed, usingtwo connectors to break the gap. Becertain that the added piece of wireis flush against the mica board toprevent it from shorting against thecrumb guards.

Line Cords

The most frequent defect en-countered with toasters is line cordbreaks or shorts. After examiningthe plug end of the cord, it may benecessary to partially disassemblethe toaster in order to check the ter-minal end for continuity or short.

Use the same type and length linecord, usually 16 or 18 guage asbestoscovered wire, to replace the defec-tive cord. If the cord is bulk -pur-chased or if a repair of the defe-tivecord is being made, it is advisaM'e towind the asbestos covering of theindividual leads with fibreglassthread, otherwise the asbestos fraysand relinquishes its purpose.

CHART II

TOASTER REPAIR CHECK LIST

If Toaster Fails to Heat1. Fuse blown out; 2. Faulty outlet,3. Break in cord; 4. Broken lead;5. Main switch does not make con-tact; 6. Heating elements defective.

If Toaser Heats, But Toast Fails to"Pop Up"

1. Auxiliary switch does not makecontact; 2. Timer release leverbinds; 3. Broken operating leverspring

if Operating Lever Will Not StayDown

1. Timer release lever binds; 2.Bro...en timer release lever spring,3. Main trip lever not properly ad-justed to timer release lever.

If roos is Too Light Or Too DarkTimer mechanism is not properlyadjusted.

If Successive Slices of Toast AreNo Uniform

1. rimer mechanism not properlyadjusted; 2. Texture and type ofbrec d.

In addition, eyelets should be usedfor the wire ends that attach to theterminals, as illustrated in Fig. 3.

Eyelet tools are inexpensive and areavailable for different sizes. Theyform neat, non -loosening connec-tions. Further, a line cord strain re-lief should be replaced to preventthe user from pulling the connectionsout.

Timing Devices

Timers may be in the form ofclocks or thermostat devices. Theydetermine the length of time that thebroad will remain within the con-fines of the heating elements. Thespeed is controlled by a knob avail-able to the users, permitting varyingdegrees of heat before automaticallylifting the toasted bread upward,disconnecting the current at the sametime.

If a clock is used as a timing de-vice, actuating the lever by pressingdown the operating handle will de-termine whether it is working or not.If it is not operating, check for ob-structions, such as accumulatedbread crumbs. Usually, however, itis more expedient to replace the en-tire clock unit.

A common form of timing deviceis the bi-metal thermostat. This oper-ates on the principle of two dissimi-lar metals fused together which ex-pand differently when heat isapplied, causing the strip to flex inone direction.

When the bread carriage is low-ered, a popular toaster incorporatesa lever that hooks on to the carriage,maintaining it and the bread insidethe toaster. See Fig. 4. A switch con-tact assembly is depressed, complet-ing the electrical circuit at the sametime.

A bimetal strip can then move ina certain direction, actuating a triplever that releases the carriage, auto-matically lifting out the toast anddisconnecting the current. Sometoasters use two -stage thermostattiming with an auxiliary heater.

A timing mechanism using an aux-iliary element is shown in Fig. 5. Theauxiliary element is in series withthe main toaster heating elements.Depressing an operating lever, closesthe electrical circuit through aswitch. A switch contact assembly isshown in Fig. 6.

When the circuit is closed, the


SO ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN March, 1960

50TH ANNIVERSARY

PROMOTIONS!

SUB -MINIATURIZED

ALUMINUM -FOILC D

ELECTROLYTICS

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CORNELL- DUBILIER ELECTRIC CORPORATIONAFFILIATED WITH FEDERAL PACIFIC ELECTRIC COMPANY


there's

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The C -D brand name on a vibrator is your guarantee of dependable performance,long trouble -free service. Because C -D vibrators are built to last, you can usethem with full confidence. That's why it pays to reach for a C -D when a vibratorreplacement is called for.

Remember, too, that there's a C -D vibrator type for every make and model caron the road. And the C -D VIBRATOR REPLACEMENT GUIDE makes it quick andeasy for you to select the exact type required. Ask your local C -D distributor fora free copy of VIB-3, or write to Cornell-Dubilier Electric Corp., S. Plainfield, N. J.

CORNELL-DUBILIER ELECTRIC CORPORATIONAffiliated with Federal Pacific Electric Company

Unimox SWITCHType DA, a new low-cost snap -acting

precision switch, provides double -poledouble -throw control in a single unit.It embodies all the features of thesingle -pole type A - quick -connectterminals for snap -on wiring and ex-

cellent resistance to dirt, dust andmoisture, in addition to low cost. ULlisting is 15 amperes 125/250v a -c anda -c horsepower ratings are: 112 hp 125v;1 hp, 250v or 3/4 hp, 125v and 11/2 hp,250v. The molded phenolic body is Ws"high, 113i4" long and 41 {-1" thick.Unimax Switch Div., W. L. MaxsonCorp., Ives Rd., Wallingford, Conn.(ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN 3-42)

Armour POWER SUPPLIEST-200 B Series transistorized d -c

power supplies, available in 8 mod-els, features the ability to respond inless than 10 usec. Output voltageswith a total envelope of uncertainty of±0.08% is provided by the circuit designwhich includes the Armour "ultra -

differential" amplifier plus the applica-tion of high speed transistors as seriesregulators. Output voltage ratings:from 0 - 10 volts to 0 - 150 volts. Cur-rent ratings: from 0 - .75 amperes to0 - 30 amperes. Armour Electronics,4201 Redwood Ave., Los Angeles 66,Calif. (ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN3-40)

For More Information OnNEW PRODUCTS

Circle Code Numbers, p. 61


STOP TV -RADIO

Interference

(Continued from page 44)loading a TV receiver, a high-passfilter should be installed in the TVantenna directly at the receiverantenna terminals. In most cases ahigh-pass filter having a cut-off fre-quency at 50 me will prove highlyeffective. These filters are availablecommercially in small, compact,shielded units ready to mount on theTV set.

In cases where a fundamental fre-quency causes severe overloading,resulting in harmonics falling in oneor more channels, additional bandsuppression filters inserted in the TVantenna, and adjusted to the inter-ference frequency will often proveeffective. See Fig. 6.

A 1/4 wave open and a 1/2 waveshorted stub made from 300 ohmtwin -lead, connected across the feed -line at the set's antenna terminals,will prove effective in many cases.See. Fig. 7.

If a stub reduces or eliminates theinterference on one channel andsuppresses reception on anotherchannel, attach a double pole single -throw switch to open the stub whenthe other channel is desired.

Under certain circumstances bothfilter and stub must be attacheddirectly to the tuner antenna input,by-passing the short piece of twinlead extending from the back of theset to the tuner since this length ofwire can pick up considerable inter-ference.

Co -channel and adjacent channelinterference from other TV stationsis a problem in certain areas, espe-cially when ionospheric conditionsare favorable.

Some signals "bounce" for longdistances, causing this interference.It can generally be identified by avertical bar moving back and forthacross the screen, called "wind-shield" wiper effect. This is the hori-zontal blanking bar of the interferingsignal. When this interference isstrong, moving or stationary hori-zontal lines or bars (venetian blindeffect), together with crosshatchingand herringbone lines may also ap-pear.

This interference can frequentlybe reduced or eliminated, but allfactors involved in the individual

case must be carefully analyzedbefore practical remedies can beformulated and applied. The stubarrangement, with switch, is some-times effective. The stub should betried at the frequency of the inter-fering channel. Other remedies in-clude: a high front -to -back ratioantenna (if the interference is notin the same direction as the receivedchannel), antenna orientation, re-versible beam signal antenna or out -of -phase antennas, careful r -f, i-fand trap alignment.

In crowded areas considerable in-terference is caused by local oscil-lators in TV, FM and short-wave re-ceivers. Since a TV set can operateperfectly with only 100 my of signalat its antenna terminals, it is ap-parent that only 4 or 5 my of signal,beating with the picture frequency,can cause visible cross -hatchingacross the screen.

This interference, while difficult,can be eliminated in most cases ifthe interference frequency can bedetermined. It is frequently "here -one -minute -gone the next," depend-ing upon what channel or frequencythe offending oscillator and receiveris tuned. If the receiver is in a strongsignal area, with microvolts to spare,and the offending signal is beingreceived through the antenna, anattenuator pad placed in the antennafeed -line at the set may help. If theinterference is being fed to the re-ceiver via the power line, a low-passfilter at the a -c outlet may eliminateit. Here again, each problem mustbe thoroughly analyzed, applying therequired remedy to the individualcase.

It has become obvious that thenumber of interference problemshave maintained pace with the ex-panding use of electronic and elec-trical equipment. The subject prob-lem cannot be ignored, and withpromise of increased disturbances alltechnicians should try to become ex-pert in handling this broad field.

Many different type packaged filt-ers are available from your localdistributor. However, one simplefilter will not correct all types ofdisturbances. Commercial inter-ference substitution equipment isalso available that enables the tech-nician to ascertain, through experi-ence, the type filter needed to elimi-nate the trouble.

Illustrations Credit: Radio Corp. ofAmerica, Camden, N. J.

Cornell-Dubilier

Rotors

Whether you are after original installationbusiness or replacement sales, you'll find therotor best -suited for any job in the completeCDR line. Consider, the heavy-duty TR-4 rec-ommended for areas where ice -storms, heavysnowfalls and strong winds impair the effi-ciency of antennas turned by ordinary rotors.Your CD Rotor distributor is ready to show youwhy the TR-4 and other CD Rotors are theeasiest to install...most satisfactory in thelong run. Write for catalog TVR to Cornell-Dubilier Electric Corp., S. Plainfield, N. J.

CORNELLDUBILIERC D E

Affiliated with Federal Pacific Electric Company


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4 It's a 3/16"slotted screwdriver

Genuine Xceliteplastic handle -shaped andbalanced forworking ease.Equipped withpocket clip.

2 It's a 7/16"nut driver!Ideal forantennainstallations.

Ask to see"No. 600"next time youpick up parts...

XCELITE, INC. ORCHARD PARK, N.Y.Canada : Charles W. Pointon, Ltd., Toronto, Ont.

Measure Service


hand, a small proportion of dealerssell over half their tube volume inthat way. Drugstore -supermarkettube checkers have siphoned off anincreasing amount of the "do-it-yourself" business, resulting in de-clining over-the-counter sales.

3. "Free" checking of receivingtubes.

About 90% of service dealers willcheck tubes "free" for customers.This percentage has increased from85r; in 1955. More service dealersnow recognize the need to meet theincreasing competition from self-service tube checkers. Some dealershave found that active promotion offree tube checking in the shop has

TABLE VI

DEALER SIZEBY NUMBER OFTECHNICIANS

ONEI-3

OVER 3

PERCENT OF DEALERS WITHWIFE ASSISTING

IN BUSINESS

48%

35%

helped them retain the business of"do-it-yourself" customers.

4. Average number of hoursworked per week by servicedealer owner.

As shown in Table II, dealers tendto work slightly longer hours in largecities than in smaller places. Aver-age hours worked per week has de-clined since 1955 in all city size cate-gories, with the greatest decline inthe larger cities.

5. Source of replacement techni-cians for service dealers.

A major problem in operating aservice business is that of hiringservice technicians, either for re-placement or expansion.

The most important source of tech-nicians for dealers in large cities is"other dealers." This form of "piracy"is much less important in medium orsmall size cities. In these smallerplaces, the most common practice isto hire untrained men and trainthem on-the-job as service techni-cians.

Hiring of part-time technicians is

a fairly common practice in all sizesof city.

Technical schools are relativelyunimportant as a source for servicemen, except in very large cities.

6. Average annual volume eachemployed technician adds todealer's business.

The service dealer consideringbusiness expansion through the add-ing of more technicians should findthe averages shown in Table III in-teresting as rough indicators of ex-pected added volume. The averageexperience of dealers responding tothe survey indicates surprisinglysmall $ increases from personnel ex-pansion, especially in small cities.

7. Dollar investment in test andrepair equipment (excludingvehicles).

Investment in equipment, shownin Table IV, has increased sharplyover the past four years in all dealersize categories. This undoubtedly re-flects the increasing complexity ofthe service job as well as a growingsophistication in use of new test andrepair equipment. Service dealersapparently recognize the need for in-creasing productivity on their jobs-using their time more effectively,with the aid of better equipment.

8. Return on investment.The service dealer risking his

money in his own business shouldcalculate his return on investment.While a dealer may expect to obtainan adequate profit if he prices prop-erly, controls expenses carefully, andruns a "tight" shop, such a result isnot automatic. It is very important toperiodically measure profit resultsagainst investment to be sure thatthe return on investment is worth therisk involved.

The survey results show that an

TABLE VII

Average Numberof Technicians

By City Size 1955 1959Over 100,000 pop. 2.8 2.310 000-100 000 2.3 2.3Under 10,000

PercentLess

8y City than 2-3Size 2 Tech. Tech.

Over

1.4 1.6of Dealers with -

6 and4-5 OverTech. Tech

100,000pop. 43 30% 12% 15'

10,000-100,000 41 40 15 4

Under10,000 60 32 4 3


alarming number of dealers do nothave adequate profit measurements.About one-fourth of service dealersdo not calculate return on invest-ment. Many others do not know ifthey calculate this figure, which isequal to saying they do not.

More large dealers and dealers inlarge cities calculate return on in-vestment than do small dealers anddealers in small towns.

9. Types of shop facilities.The home shop is quite widespread

among small dealers, but is infre-quent among dealers with severalemployees. See Table V.

10. Percentage of Dealers utilizingwife's services in the business.

A surprisingly large percentage ofservice dealers utilize a wife's serv-ices in operating the business. Asmight be expected, this proportion isgreater for small businesses. SeeTable VI.

11. Number of technicians em-ployed (in addition to owner).

The average number of techni-cians per dealer has declined some-what since 1955 in large cities, buthas increased in small cities. Smallcities, however, tend to have smallerdealers with fewer technicians thando large cities, as evidenced byTable VII.

12. Percent of receipts from TV -radio service vs. set sales orother.

Dealers in smaller cities obtain asmaller percentage of their receiptsfrom servicing than do dealers inlarge cities. It is undoubtedly more

TABLE VIII

Average Dollar GrossReceipts of Service DealersBy Dealer &

City Si:' 1955 1959

Under 1 TechnicianOver 100,000

population $12,500 $17,50010,000-100.00C

population 11,000 14,000Under 10,000

population 10,000 12,500

1-3 TechniciansOver 100,000

population $26,000 $30,00010,000-100,000

population 23,000 28,000Under 10,000

population 19,000 24,500

Over 3Technicians (AllCategorios) $52,000 $60,000

difficult to achieve adequate volumeas a repair specialist in these smallerplaces. The average percent of re-ceipts from service is 89% in citiesover 100,000 population; 86% in citiesof 10,000-100,000; and 67% in citiesunder 10,000.

Small dealers (less than one full-time employed technician) obtain anaverage of 93% of receipts from serv-ice, compared with 85% for firmswith 1-3 technicians and 88c; fordealers with more than three tech-nicians.

13. Approximate annual gross re-

ceipts from servicing and partssales.

Substantial increases in gross re-ceipts have occurred since 1955 forthe average dealer in all dealer sizeand city size categories. Overall, 67%of respondents indicated volume in-creases over the past four years,23% indicated decreases, and 10%reported no change. It can be as-sumed that many of those reportingvolume decreases have had such re-sults because of a decline in thenumber of technicians employed. SeeTable VIII.

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New VTVM -OHMMETER -TRANSISTOR CHECKER-GRIDCIRCUIT TUBE & CRT CHECKER An innovation in test equipment, designed

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most popular Radio-TV-Hi-Fi tubes. Tests low -signal and power transistors,

with special high -current test for powertransistors.Reads Beta gain and reverse currentcollector leakage.

Four voltage and three resistance rangesspecifically designed for radio -TV service.

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Now, you can not only make critical -fringe -tests, but you actually can test such typesas 6SN7 and 6B06 for pulse operation.

l's exclusive card -programmed switch, de-veloped and patented by HICKOK, whichpositively and automatically sets up exactconditions, is the key to the 121's rapidand automatic tests.

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Snap -in master socket panel, easily re-movable to accommodate future adapters,to prevent obsolescence.

Reserve. cathode capacity test, filamentcontinuity test, extra sensitive shorts test,new gas test.

THE HICKOK ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT CO. I 10523 Dupont Ave.Cleveland Ohio

ELECTRONIC T,C..NIC:AN March, 1960 55

In conclusion, it seems wise to re-peat that the best dealers are notnecessarily those who parallel theaverages shown in the precedingtables. These figures serve only as abenchmark in measuring and com-paring your own operations withthose of "typical" dealers in yourcity size and dealer size category.Your own intelligent business deci-sions, implemented aggressively, cantake you far ahead of the "average"dealer and place you in a position ofleadership in your industry.

Philco TRANSISTOR RADIOSThe "All American" is a new line of

transistor radios featuring the "Power -Boost" circuit for extended battery lifeand greater power output. Some of themodels are: T-51, 5 transistors, palmsize, has "Magnecor" antenna, 21/4"speaker, weight, 10 oz. $24.95. T-52,horizontal styled, 5 transistors, $29.95.T-62, 6 transistors, operates on two"AA" penlight or mercury batteries, 14oz. $29.95. T-70, 7 transistors, 14 oz.$34.95. T-74, 7 transistors, contains a31/2" speaker, private listening jack.operates on four "C" flashlight bat-teries. $39.95. T-802, 8 transistors, spe-cially designed for out-of-door use,operates on four regular flashlight bat-

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AUTOMATICDYNA-QUIKDYNAMIC MUTUAL CONDUCTANCETUBE AND TRANSISTOR TESTER

Here is automation that combines bothspeed and accuracy for profitable profes-sional servicing. Pre -tested and field proved.Keeps paying you dividends day after day.Measures true dynamic mutual conductance.Makes complete tube test in seconds underactual operating conditions of the set.Checks average set in a few minutes. Pro-vides instantaneous heater continuity test.Shows true tube condition on "Good -Bad"scale and in micromhos. Patented automaticline compensation. Tests transistors, diodes,and rectifiers, too. Net, $1 69 95

See Your B&K Distributor or Send for Bulletin ST24

B& K MANUFACTURING CO.1801 W. BELLE PLAINE AVE CHICAGO 13, ILL.

Canada: Atlas Radio Corp., 50 Wingold, Toronto 10, Ont.Export: Empire Exporters, 277 Broadway, New York 7, U.S.A.

SIMPLIFIED AUTOMATIC

IrNA-CkRD SYSTEM

Only 60 indexed phenolicDyna-Card: test over 600tube types.. Dyna-Card

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Tests eac 1 section ofmultiple tubes separatelyfor true Grr, Shorts, Ga.,Grid Emission and Life

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Eas ly kept up-to-datewith ex ra cards

ono punch suppliedwith ev-ary unit.

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INCREASE Y MR INCOMESave Call.Backs and

Satisfy More Customers.

teries, private listening jack, $49.95.Special showcase, for use as c,>unter,window or floor display available. Hasfull vision glass face and locking backpanel. Philco Corp., Tioga & C Sts.,Philadelphia 34, Pa. (ELECTRONICTECHNICIAN 3-12)

G -E/ Johnson 2 -WAY RADIO"Viking Messenger" Class D Citizens

Radio, manufactured by E. F. JohnsonCo., Waseca, Minn. is sold by theGeneral Electric two-way radio salesoffices and, also, by existing Johnson

distributors. Units are installed andserviced by G -E's extensive network ofseveral hundred authorized independ-ent service stations. General ElectricCommunication Products Dept., Lynch-burg, Va. (ELECTRONIC TECHNI-CIAN 3-5)

Times CABLET -Line extra low -loss cable, for use

in receiving and transmitting communi-cations, employs an expanded dielectricthat reduces attenuation up to 40%compared with ordinary RG/U typecoaxial cables. In addition, a high -density jacketing material, Xelon, is

used for greatly extended service. T -Line is available in all popular sizesand electrical characteristics. Throughthe use of the expanded dielectric, con-ductor sizes may be increased withinthe same outside diameter. Times Wire& Cable Co., 358 Hall Ave., Wallingford,Conn. (ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN3- 41 )


Install Antenna

Lightning Protection

(Continued from page 36)edge of lightning current and shouldbe avoided. When they can't beavoided, only rounded bends ratherthan square turns should be per-mitted. The ground wire should beas short as possible and of heavygage. While #12 solid copper oraluminum wire is often used, muchheavier wire is better. A #12 wiremight easily carry a 250 -amperestroke for a fraction of a second, itwould evaporate if the stroke cur-rent was in the 100,000 ampere or

4V4

GROUND RODS

>INTERCONNECTINGWIRES

CONNECTIONMADE HERE

Fig. 7-Proper grounding can be effectedin dry ground by using radial ground rods.

higher range.When a metal antenna mast is

used, which is set into the ground,the mast itself might be used as aground lead. However, if the antennamast is not set deeply in the ground,it is better to run a ground wire tothe antenna base (and air terminal,if used). The mast should also begrounded.

When the ground wire comes nearor parallels other metallic objects, itmay be desirable to connect theseobjects to the ground conductor. Ifnot grounded, there may be a sideflash from the ground wire to suchan object as a metal gutter down-spout. When heavy current flowsthrough the ground wire, currentmay be caused to flow through othernearby metallic objects due to in-duction.

In Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, the nailsin the vicinity of the electrical wir-ing of a house struck by lightningwere partially pulled out of thewood by the strong magnetic fieldaround the wiring. Obviously, light-ning is pretty powerful stuff.

No part of the United States iscompletely devoid of thunder storms.They are most frequent in Floridaand almost unknown in California,west of the Sierras. Because of theunlikelihood of lightning troubles,very few, if any, antenna installersin California install lightning arrest-ers or even think of any form oflightning protection. However, light-ning has been known to strike build-ings and cause damage, even in

coastal California.Regardless of the locality, it makes

sense to consider lightning protec-tion when installing antennas. Light-ning arresters cost very little. Thegrounding of the antenna structurerequires time and some expense, butthe protection it provides is wellworth it. In addition, fire insurancerates may be considerably lower ifpositive lightning protection is pro-vided.

Now Completely SELF-CONTAINEDFor Testing & j Rejuvenating

Amin. ' as

TESTS AND REJUVENATESall black & white and colorpicture tubes at correct fila-ment voltage from 1 to 12 V.

TESTS AND REJUVENATES110° tubes with 2.34, 2.68,6.3 and 8.4 volt filaments.

TESTS AND REJUVENATEScolor picture tubes. Checkseach co or gun separatelysame as black & white tubes.

Used by Thousoncts of Professional ServicemenMAKES NEW PICTURE TUBE SALES EASIER

Gives you more value than ever-all-in-one.Quickly decks and corrects most TV picturetube troubles in a few minutes right in thehome without removing tube from set.Gives new useful life to weak or inoperativetubes. Checks leakage. Restores emission andbrightness. Repairs inter -element shortsand open circuits. Life test checks gas contentand predicts remaining useful life of picturetube. Complete_y self-contained inleatherette -covered carrying case. Net, $691.*

ACCESSORIES for USE ONLY wide FORMER BAK Models 400 and 350 CRT

Model C40 Adapter. Fpr use cnly with all previous B&K Model400 anc 350 CRT's. Tests and rejuvenates Tv color picturetubes and 6.3 volt 110* picture tubes. Net, $9.95

Model CR48 Adapter. For t se only with all previous B&KModel ADO and 350 CRT's. Tests and rejuvenates 110° picturetubes with 2.34, 2.68, and 8.4 volt filaments. Net, $4.95

See your B&K Distributoror Send now for Bulletir,ST24-T

a K MANUFACTURING CO.1801 W BELLE PLAINE AVE CHICAGO 13, ILL.Canada: Aflos Rodio Corp., 50 Win gold, Toronto 10, Ont.Export: Empire Exporters, 277 Broadway, New York 7, LtrS.A.


Association News

CaliforniaCSEA, Fresno, and affiliates, make

public two interesting concepts intheir Code of Standards:

1. To maintain a properly licensedbusiness in an area zoned forbusiness and to be open duringgenerally accepted businesshours.

12 (B). Advertisers claiming "Dayand Night" service or "24 HourService," must operate theirplace of business on that basis.

RTASCV, San Jose, reports a jointappeal has been made by RusselHamm, president, and H. F. "Bud"Ash, chairman of the ApprenticeshipCommittee, for every Valley firm toparticipate in the apprentice pro-gram. Ash said: "The program hasproduced good results for servicetechnicians who signed up at its in-ception." The first students to receivejourneyman certificates from theState of California are expected tograduate this year.

Service Personnel ShortageAPA, Los Angeles, advises its Per-

BUY 35 CONDENSERS

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with the purchase of 35 PLANET capacitors . . .

takes color snaps, color slides or black and white. . . easy to operate . . . even a child can take ex-cellent pictures . . . attractively packaged with freefilm offer enabling user to have film developedand processed and receive a new roll of film for$1.00... MAKES A WONDERFUL GIFT.Limited time offer . . . call your PLANET Distributornow . . . ask for Assortment CA -35.

PLANET SALES CORPORATION225 Belleville Avenue Bloomfield, New Jersey

sonnel Exchange gets about twohundred requests every month forqualified trained service men, whilefilling at most, twenty of these re-quests.

FloridaTESA, Miami, elected the follow-

ing officers at its last annual election:Pres., A. Edward Stevens; 1st V.P.,Roger J. Misleh; 2nd V.P., CharlesD. Pierce: Sec'y, Samuel Kessler;Corres.-Sec'y, James J. Ross; Treas.,Charles W. Minter.

ANNUALASSOC'ATION

ROSTER

ELECTRONIC TECHNI-CIAN's annual Service Asso-ciation Roster, published everyMay, is being prepared.

A questionnaire has beensent to every association on lastyear's list. To be included inthe 1960 Roster, be sure tocomplete the form and returnit promptly.

Association officials not re-ceiving the questionnaire areurged to write on associationletterhead to the AssociationEditor, ELECTRONIC TECH-NICIAN, 480 Lexington Ave.,New York 17, N.Y. Please giveaddress and names of presidentand secretary.

IndianaRequest TV License Tithe

IESA, Indianapolis, appeals toevery shop in the State for a pledgeof one service call per annual quar-ter, for the next 5 quarters, to financethe preparation of a TV license lawproposal.

Michigan

Court Declares LicensingConstautiona;

TSA, Detroit, informs that the De-troit ordinance requiring licensing ofTV dealers and technicians has beendeclared constitutional by CircuitJudge Ferguson. Two TV servicetechnicians, after being convicted fornon -licensing, had appealed theirconvictions by charging the law gaveunrestricted and arbitrary power toan administrative board.

Missouri

War Chest For KC BillTSE, Kansas City reports a cam -



Superior's New Model TV -12

TRANS - CONDUCTANCETUBE TESTER

ALSO TESTS TRANSISTORS!A RADICAL CHANGE IN DESIGN PROCEDURE. Customarily, a newmodel Tube Tester means a revised model. For usually when a manufacturerdesigns a "new" model, he actually re -designs the last model made, includingnew improvements to meet changing requirements, and circuit improvementsresulting from experience in producing the last model made. That is theusual practice, but doesn't apply to the new Model TV -12.

We at Superior have been designing and producing Tube Testers since1935. About two years ago, we asked our engineers to select a circuit whichwould meet the requirements of those technicians who want a top qualityTube Tester. Our engineers selected the basic TRANS -CONDUCTANCEcircuit employed in our Model TV -12. And then, thanks to the cooperationof a leading switch manufacturer, who designed a special five position leverswitch for us, we were able to improve that basic circuit.

The Model TV -12, therefore, is not a "rehashed" model-it is not a testerwhich simply tests good tubes "good" and bad tubes "bad." This radicallynew tester will check tubes under dynamic conditions very closely simulatingthe manner in which they would function in a receiver or amplifier. It is atube tester we are proud of. It is a tube tester which we claim will comparefavorably with laboratory instruments selling for double the price.

And about Transistors. We doubt that the Transistor will ever whollyreplace the Vacuum tube. Unquestionably, however, the present alreadysubstantial rate of production and use of Transistors will be very greatlyincreased in the near future.

The Model TV -12 will test all Transistors produced to date and provisionhas been made for testing the new Transistor types known to be designedbut not yet in production.

SPECIFICATIONS

TESTING TUBES

TESTS ALL TUBES including 4, 5. 6. 7, Octal. Lock -in,Hearing -Aid, Thyratrons, Miniatures. Sub -Miniatures,Noval, Sub-Minar and Proximity Fuse types. Employs improved TRANS -CONDUCTANCE circuit. Anin -phase signal is impressed on the input section of a tubeand the resultant plate current change is measured. Thisprovides the most suitable method of simulating the man-ner in which tubes actually operate in Radio & TV re-ceivers. amplifiers and other circuits. Amplification factor,plate resistance and cathode emission are all correlated inone meter reading. Although the Model TV -12 is not cali-brated to provide mutual -conductance reading (MHO'S).the Engineer or Technician who needs that Informationmay easily compute it with calibrations we supply. NEW IMPROVED ROLL CHART MECHANISM uses acombination of fibre and brass gears to eliminate back -lashand slippage.

NEW LINE VOLTAGE ADJUSTING SYSTEM. A tappedtransformer makes it possible to compensate for line volt-age variations to a tolerance of better than 2%. SAFETY BUTTON - protects both the tube under testand the instrument meter against damage due to overloador other form of improper switching. This model retains the INDIVIDUAL ELEMENT IDEN-TIFYING SYSTEM developed by Superior in 1945. Allelemental switches are numbered according to RMA pinnumber designations. This procedure enables the operatorto instantly identify the particular element being tested. NEWLY DESIGNED FIVE POSITION LEVER SWITCHASSEMBLY. Previously because of switch limitations, thesame voltage was applied to the plate and grid. Extraposition and unique design of new switch permits applica-tion of separate voltages as required for both plate andgrid of tube under test, resulting in improved Trans -Conductance circuit

TESTING TRANSISTORS

Although Transistors may be tested for forward andinverse action with an Ohmmeter, such procedure will notidentify an inefficient transistor. Also, if the ohmmeteruses a high -internal battery voltage, the transistor willlikely be damaged. A transistor can be safely and ade-quately tested only under dynamic conditions. The ModelTV -12 will test all transistors in that approved manner,and quality is read directly on a special "transistor only"meter scale.

The Model TV -12 will accommodate all transistors in-cluding NPINI's, PNP's. Photo and Tetrodes. whether madeof Germanium or Silicon, either point contact or Junctioncontact types.

Model TV -12 housed in hand- $ 5°some rugged portable cabinetsells for only NET

SHIPPED ON APPROVALNO MONEY WITH ORDER NO C.O.D.Try it for 10 days before you buy. Ifcompletely satisfied then send

$22.50 and pay balance at rate of$10.00 per month for 5 months-

MOSS ELECTRONIC, INC.Dept. D-7323489 Tenth Ave., New York 34, N. Y.

Name

No Interest or Finance Charges Please rush one Model TV -12. If satisfactory I

ogree to pay $22.50 within 10 days and bal-ance at rate of $10.00 per month. If not satis-factory, I may return for cancellation of account.

Address

City Zone State

All prices net. F.O.B., N.Y.C.

Added. If not completely satisfied,return to us, no explanation neces-sary.


FCC Radio

StatisticsThe following statistics, released

by the Federal CommunicationsCommission, show the growing useof special radio services, and thestatus of microwave and broadcaststations.

The 1959 fiscal year closed with507,171 stations authorized in theSafety and Special Radio Services,or 69,320 more than the 437,851 in

1958. For these purposes, separatelicense, construction permit, or com-bination construction permit andlicense have been counted as onestation. Therefore, in many cases, astation includes a base transmitterand various mobile units. The fol-lowing table compares station au-thorizations at the close of fiscalyears 1958 and 1959: ->

Private microwave systems in thesafety and special services have beenof notable interest. The followingtable shows the number of stationsauthorized as of Feb. 12, 1959. Incases where two frequency bandsare used at a particular station, thatstation has been counted twice. Thesestations are included in the stationcount listed earlier in this article.The services are abbreviated as fol-lows: Industrial (Ind.) ; PublicSafety (Pub.) ; Land Transportation

(Trans.); Marine (Mar.) : Aero-nautical (Aer.)

Microwave Stations

Freq. me Ind. Pub. Tr. Mar. Aer. Tot.

952-960 179 241 19 9 6 4541850-1990 780 130 4 0 5 9192110-2200 3 0 0 0 0 3

2500-2700 38 39 0 0 0 77

6575-6875 788 144 29 0 14 975AbovelOK 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 1788 554 52 9 25 2428

The 1959 fiscal year closed with5,405 AM, TV, and FM broadcaststation authorizations outstanding.Of these, 4,920 had authority to goon the air, and the remaining 485held construction permits. A break-down follows:

Operating Construc-Class authori- tion

zations permits

Commercial AM 3,377 123Commercial TV 566 101

TV translator 158 187

Educational TV 43 46Commercial FM 622 11

Educational FM 154 71

Total 4,920 485

Further breakdown and readjust-ment of the TV figures give theseresults:

Broadcast Authorization

On airNot

on airTotal

Commercial VHF 436 135 471Commercial UHF 74 2117 191

Total comm. 510 152 662

Educational VHF 33 5 38Educational UHF 9 16 25

Total educa. 42 21 63

Grand totals 552 173 725

Includes 2 stations which went on the airand subsequently went off the air.

Includes 45 stations which went on theair and subsequently went off the air.

The TV translator stations are allUHF. Also, 127 FM stations heldsubsidiary communications authori-zations to engage in functional(background) music operations.

Stations in Safety andSpecial Radio Services

Class of stationJune 30,

1958

June 30,1959

Amateur anddisaster services:

Amateur 179,314 195,776Disaster 380 390RACES 7,668 9,422

Total 187,362 205,588

Aviation services:Aeronautical

and fixed 3,122 3,554Aircraft group 48,037 61,441Aviation auxiliary 254 318Aviation radionay. 327 363Civil Air Patrol 10,944 12,006

Total 62,684 77,682

Industrial services:Business 8,861Forest products 1,648 1,792Industrial

radiolocation 218 255Low power 2,333Manufacturer 90Motion picture 71 67Petroleum 7,151 7,341Power 11,320 11,878Relay press 130 142

Special industrial 17,107 19,246Telephone maint. 25

Total 39,978 49,697

Land transportationservices:

Auto emergency. 962 1,052Citizens 38,611 49,269Highway truck 503 349Interurban pass. 59 46Interurban Prop. 1,386 1,606Railroad 2,265 2,449Taxicab 4,733 4,827Urban passenger 110 116

Urban property 172 180

Total 48,801 59,894

Marine services:Alaskan group 1,054 1,132Coastal group 434 393Marine aux. group 92 95Marine radio -

location land 23 31

Ship group 70,911 83,296

Total 72,514 84,947

Public safety serv:Fire 4,725 5,283Forestry cons. 3,264 3,618Highway maint. 2,580 3,068Police 12,450 13,103Public safety

(combined) 158 148

Spec. emergency. 3,325 3,631State Guard 10 10

Local government 502

Total 26,512 29,363

Grand total 437,851 507.171


1

FREE LITERATURETo receive the literature without charge, simply circle the umbers on the coupon

corresponding to the items of interest. Cut out and mail to ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN,

480 Lexington Avenue, New York 11, N. Y.

Capacitors: A complete re-placement catalog of Red Seal

capacitor listings is available, to im-plement the current six-month pro-motional appeal of guarantee, pack-aging and display cabinet. (1B3:Astron Corp.)

2 Sound Equipment: Describedin a new catalog is an assort-

ment of speakers and sound equip-ment for regular and special appli-cations. Included is the new DU -12paging speaker for modern decor.(2B3: Atlas Sound.)

3 TV Tuner Service: A leafletdescribing the repair service

covering ALL makes and models ofUHF and VHF tuners, is availableto service dealers and technicians.(3B3: Castle TV Tuner Service.)

4 Chemicals: A complete line ofelectronic chemicals and ce-

ments, tools, service aids and hard-ware is covered in a new catalog.(4B3: G -C Electronics.)

5 Tube Testers: Literature isavailable covering tube testers:

Model 820 Tube Caddy -Pal; Model

121 High-speed Cardmatic; Model800 low cost dynamic Mutual Con-ductance; and Model 6000 high speedMutual Conductance. 5B3: HickokElectrical Instrument.)

A Tube Testers: Three models forw which literature is available

are: Model 658, checks receivingtubes, voltage regulators, eye tubes;Model 598, provides lever switchingand incorporates the firm's test prin-ciple, and Model 648R, featuringsuper -rapid sequence switching.Also, power roll chart. (6B3: Jack-son Electrical Instrument.)

7 Protective Coatings: CrystalClear and "Push -Button"

Acrylic Spray coatings for radio,TV and hi-fi equipment are de-scribed in new literature. Choice of24 colors. (7B3: Krylon, Inc.)

Citizens Radio, also Tube Test-ers: Covered in current printed

matter are: a citizens band trans-ceiver for 115v a -c and 12v d -cmobile use; also tube testers: S-18

8

CUT HERE

"Test-O-Matic," Deluxe 102 andTM -18. (8B3: Shell Electronics.)

9 Microphones: The followingmodels, comprising the versa-

tile line of Commando controlledmagnetic microphones, are describedin new literature: DeLuxe 430,Lavalier 420 and Standard 415.(9B3: Shure Brothers.)

1n Self -Service Tube Testers: Two11# models, a caddy and a console

are covered in a brochure. Testsmore than 800 tube types; tests eachsick of multi -purpose tubes. (10B3:Universal Teletronics.)

11Tools: A colorful spring pro-motion brochure gives details

of tool advertising campaign and in-formation on a soldering gun, sanderand sabre saw. (11B3: Weller Elec-tric Co.)

11 Signal Tracer: The new Buzittransistorized signal tracer is

described in a catalog sheet. Thetracer fits the pocket like a pen, andoperates on two pen light batteries.(12B3: Workman TV Products.)

Use this coupon, or your letterhead, before April 20, 1960

For more information on:

1-Free Literature, circle numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2-New Products, circle numbers 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-103-11 3-12 3-13 3-14 3-15 3-16 3-17 3-18 3-19 3-20 3-21 3-22 3-23 3-24

3-25 3-26 3-27 3-28 3-29 3-30 3-31 3-32 3-33 3-34 3-35 3-36 3-37 3-38

3-39 3-40 3-41 3-42 3-43 3-44 3-45 3-46 3-47 3-48 3-49 3-50 3-51 3-52

3-Bulletins, circle numbers B3-1 B3-2 B3-3 B3-4 B3-5 B3-6 B3-7 B3-8B3-9 B3-10 B3-11 B3-12 B3-13 B3-14 B3-15

Name

Position Firm

Address

City Zone State


Dressen-Barnes POWER SUPPLIESFour new fully transistorized d -c

power supply modules provide powerover ranges including 5 to 32 volts andup to 6 amperes. By combining themodules in series, the upper voltagerange is increased to 64 volts. These

modules are designed for optionalmounting in the firm's model 70-101rack mounting kits. Input: 105-125 vac,60 cps. Ripple: less than 2 my rms; reg-ulation for line, 105-125 v, 25 my; andload, NL to FL, 15 my. Dressen-BarnesCorp., 250 N. Video Ave., Pasadena,Calif. (ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN3-43)

Trad SIGNAL GENERATORSome of the features of the TD -1101

are: frequency drift after warm-up,less than 0.001% over a 10 -minute pe-riod; incidental FM, less than 300 cyclesat any r -f and modulation frequency;output measurements, as low as 0.11.ty;

FM on CW less than 100 cycles devia-tion; frequency calibration of six bands,within 0.5%; resettability, under 0.05%;r -f output, continuously variable andvariable in discrete steps; calibration,directly on tiv and 12 -position resistiveattenuator. Trad Electronics Corp., As-bury Park, N.J. (ELECTRONIC TECH-NICIAN 3-44)

Look for the I. H. Mark of Quality

I. H. Mfg.,with its resources as thesubsidiary of one of theleading manufacturersof OEM hardware - nowmakes a naturalprogress:on into theelectronics distributionindustry, with the assetsand know-how of theformer TELEMATIC line.It's your double assur-ance of superb productprecision, tested .

performance, and "long"profits - down the line.

IT MEANS "DOUBLE ASSURANCE" FOR YOU!

8" TELE-CHECKHe MFG. CO. -"the mark of quality"

Subsidiary of Industrial Electronic Hardware Corp.121 Greene Street - New York 12, N. Y. ORegon 7.1881

Now available for Both 90° and 110°CRT Test Tubes

Export: Roburn Agencies, 431 Greenwich St., N.Y. 13 Canada: Active Radio & TV, 58 Spadina Ave., Toronto

Newman SOLDERING IRONA pen -shaped precision, miniature,

soldering iron weighs 1 oz., is 61/2"long and operates on 110-115 voltswithout a transformer. Complete withsafety handle that stays cool and with-stands contact with other hot soldering

irons, it has a 50 megohm insulationbetween element and tip . . . ideal foruse around semiconductors. Heat -uptime, about 45 seconds. A sealed ele-ment maintains constant temperatureat approximately 625°F. Tip stays hotunder production speeds. Ultra -flexible,three -wire cord allows grounding. M.M. Newman Corp., 79 Clifton Ave.,Marblehead, Mass. (ELECTRONICTECHNICIAN 3-45)

Technibilt SCOPE CARRIEROscilloscope carrier, model OC-5,

with plug-in amplifier cabinet, writingdesk, and tool drawer has the followingspecifications: frame, 7/s" steel tubing,chrome plated; cabinet, 16 gauge sheet

metal; angle of top, 15 degrees; scopecarrying surface, 221/4"; and 5x1.5"donut wheels. 110 V. inlet and 3 out-lets on rear of the carrier. $105.00.Technibilt Corp., 905 Air Way, Glendale1, Calif. (ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN3-46)

For More Information OnNEW PRODUCTS



DESTROYED -NOT FIRST QUALITY!...why General Electric cannot ship recovered

or rebranded receiving tubes!

One area in every General Electric tubeplant is given over to destruction. Heresteel jaws chew to fragments all tubes thataren't (1) brand-new production, (2)proved first -quality by extensive tests.

No recovered receiving tubes, no "seconds"can leave a G -E factory. Be quality -safe!Buy only from your G -E tube distributor!Distributor Sales, Electronic ComponentsDiv., General Electric Co.,Owensboro, Ky.

Progress /s Our Most important Product

GENERAL ELECTRIC

Stop Shipping

And Billing ErrorsCut Costs By

Efficient Checking Methods

HAROLD J. ASHE losses. These losses decrease yournet earnings.

Do you accept incoming shipmentsfrom suppliers without carefulchecking? Do you accept invoicesand monthly statements withoutquestion? If you indulge in thesepractices you may be sustaining

This does not mean your suppliersdeliberately make mistakes in theirfavor. Quite the contrary. They areas concerned as you should be re-garding errors. But, many human

factors are involved in filling ordersand preparing invoices. Bookkeep-ing errors can and do creep intomonthly statements. A shop ownermay be innocently overcharged inseveral ways, including over -pricing,short -count and failure to receiveproper discount credit. He may failto receive credits for defective itemsreturned, such as tubes and parts inwarranty, and picture tube duds.

Suppliers, just as unhappy aboutthese mistakes as their customers,welcome a chance to make correc-tions. However, they cannot do so iferrors are not brought to their at-tention. They know these mistakesdamage the good will they havebuilt over a period of years. Some-times, repeated errors point to a cer-tain employee, prone to makingerrors. This is a problem of the sup-plier.

It is a good idea for the shopowner to find time to carefullycheck all incoming goods and parts,and examine invoices and monthlystatements for errors. In a largershop, this task may be delegated to

soril mother look at.

NEW MODEL 644SOUND SPOT MICROPHONE LIST $110.00

If you are in the commercial sound business, you have had your share of ..."they couldn't be done" .. . jobs at one time or another in your business life.These jobs could not be solved because general purpose microphones justcouldn't do the job. That, fortunately, is past history. E -V's new Model 644ushers in a new era in the concept of microphone pick-up. So take anotherlook and see how many of those "tough" jobs the 644 reclassifies to "simpleand easy". Your local E -V distributor has all the details on the Model 644.Why not call him today or write Dept.30T for our new Commercial SoundCatalog No. 132.

giewe_34,ce64 ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN March, 1960

one or more employees; perhaps anoffice girl or bookkeeper skilled insuch matters. If it is not practical tohave one person do this work, andtwo are available, one may handleincoming goods, while the other doesthe paper work.

Costly errors creep into goods re-ceived and bills presented in nu-merous manners. (This is equallytrue for shop owners on a C.O.D.basis.)

Here are some common errors towatch for:

(1) Short count on goods shipped.(2) Billing for certain goods notshipped and not back -ordered.(3) Substitution of lower for higherpriced goods, but with billing notcorrected to reflect this fact.(4) Shipment of damaged, defectiveor imperfect goods, or damage intransit.(5) Incorrect pricing of one or moreitems on invoice.(6) Incorrect total on invoice.(7) Monthly statement not coincid-ing with the month's invoices.(8) Absence of credits for goods re-turned or for amounts paid onaccount.

(9) Discount is lower than agreed onwhen the order was placed, or thealtering of other terms, such asquantity discounts.

Only one designated person shouldreceive incoming shipments. Exceptin his absence, other employeesshould not be permitted to openshipments and draw on the partsuntil they are checked and added toinventory. Of course, emergencies doarise. When a part or other item isneeded in a hurry, the person nextin responsibility should withdrawthe part, attaching a voucher ormemo noting the withdrawal to theinvoice or shipping list.

A numerical count, particularly inbroke -case goods, should be made.Attention should be given to possiblesubstitutions, defective or sub-standard material or goods damagedin transit. In the latter event, goodsshould be set aside in original ship-ping container to await filing of

claim and asjustment. All invoicesshould be totaled for accuracy.

Invoices should be filed accordingto date and supplier for future refer-

ence against monthly statements.When goods have been returned forcredit, a receipt or memo should beattached and filed with invoices.

If any payment has been madeduring the month, a memo to thiseffect should be attached to andfiled with the invoices. In this way,it is possible to rapidly check anitemized monthly statement againstgoods bought as well as credits re-ceived. Even if the monthly state-ments appear correct, they should betotaled.

An elaborate system is not neces-sary, particularly for owners ofsmaller shops. A series of spindlesmay be used, one to a supplier. Themain thing is to retain all records,keep them orderly and carefullycheck for any errors.

Time-consuming? No. Orderlinessin record -keeping is never reallytime-consuming. It actually savestime. Records are quickly availablefor any need, including sales, in-come tax, budgets, etc. It may alsouncover errors which, otherwise,would go undetected.

kose"Ispossille"somi joistcompare polar patterns yourself

NON -DIRECTIONAL

270'

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CARDIOID

ISO

CAMOIOID LINDIRECTIONASMICROPHONE

I0

SOUND SPOTOdb

IRO*

SOUND SPOTUNIDIRECTIONAL MICROPHONE

Four times greater working distance than the bestcardioids, depending on acoustics

Greatly reduces feedback Retains "on -mike" presence despite extended

working distance Excellent outdoors ... less wind noise Priced low to fit most budgets Lasts a lifetime

Another better product for better sound from . . .

ELECTRO-VOICE, INC.Commercial Products Division Loudspeakers-Microphones

BUCHANAN, MICHIGAN


Servicing Toasters


auxiliary element heats the bimetalstrip causing it to flex. This flexingresults in the operating arm closingthe auxiliary heater switch contactsthereby shunting the auxiliary ele-ment. The bimetal strip then cools

and moves back to its original posi-tion, striking a release link in itspath. This trips the operating lever,resulting in the toast popping -upand disconnection of the electricalcircuit.

The aforementioned surface de-scription of a timing mechanism doesnot pretend to cover complete oper-ations, rather, it is used as an ex-ample. Different toasters use differ-ent means to obtain the same endresult; that is, toast the bread to a

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predetermined point, then discon-necting the current and allowing thecarriage to rise, lifting the bread.

Mechanical and electrical meansare operating together and the bestway to learn this phase of the serv-ice business is through consultationof manufacturers' service manualsand experience. A list of some popu-lar toaster manufacturers is offeredin Chart I. Requesting service infor-mation from these companies will nodoubt advance the technician'sknowledge of automatic toasters.Some of the companies offer freemanuals, while others charge a nom-inal sum.

Other Defects

Adjustments of timing mechanismsdiffer with the brand and model.Some infrequent defects, such as abroken operating spring, resulting ineverything heating without thetoaster popping up, can also occur.This may mislead the tech into think-ing it must be due to the timingmechanism.

Binding of the release or difficultydepressing the bread carriage may bedue to bent parts or the need forcleaning. A simple check list pro-vided by one manufacturer, andshown in Chart II, is often helpfulas a general guide to toaster repairs.When the repair is complete-a finalcheck with bread should always bemade.

A point of interest to techniciansentering the appliance repair field. . . parts discounts to the trade areridiculously low. They're usuallyaround 25%. Couple this low dis-count with postage or transportation,bookkeeping and storage costs andthe tech comes up with a fat zero.Therefore, the profit lies in sensiblelabor charges that will enable theservice technician to earn the fairprofit he is entitled to make.

Rather than jump into the toasterbusiness with a "We Repair AllToasters" sign, it is advisable to con-centrate on one or two populartoasters. This will allow the servicetechnician to acquire the know-howof repairs for individual toasters andenable him to slowly build a partsstock, a good reputation and extraearnings when those "slow TV days"occur.

Information and illustration credit:Toastmaster Div., McGraw -EdisonCo., Elgin, Illinois.


The clue thatpoints to profit!

All the skilled deductions of a super sleuth will only confirm what servicemenalready know - that a caddy full of Tung -Sol tubes is the clue that points toprofit. Made to industry's highest standards, Tung -Sol tubes provide originalequipment performance for all radio, tv and hi-fi service. Fewer callbacks meanmore profit. Tung -Sol tubes mean fewer callbacks - so use more Tung -Sol tubes!Tung -Sol Electric Inc., Newark 4, N. J.

aleeW*.a

Tell your jobber you'd rather have

TONG -SOUTUBES TRANSISTORS DIODES


only for those who want the ultimate

10P RATED"

again and again

-and NOW AGAIN!

"IMME

:ozeeite:Model S-5000, 20+20 watt "stereo"

Dual AmphlierRreamplilier, Fair Trade Price -11119.50

Model 5.2200, FM -AM -MX Stereo tuner,Fair Trade Price -417910

IN

AMERICANAUDIO INSTITUTE

PH FAST IRA ST. PATERSON 4. N.J.

October 27. 1959

Sherwood Electronic Labs.. Inc.4300 North California AvenueChicago 18. Illinois

Gentlemen.

We find that the incorporationof a center -channel output anda damping factor selector inJuly. 1959. increases theSummary Rating of the SherwoodS-5000 to the highest of all18 Stereo Amplifiers tested inthe AAI Evaluation Test Reports.

Sincerely.

AMERICAN AUDIO INSTITUTE

NkiN)r /

Felix R BremyExecutive Director

The "Most honored of them all"S-5000 stereo amplifier -preampli-fier is joined by the S-2200 stereotuner. As with its "Top Rated"predecessors, the S-2200 featuresFM "Interchannel Hush" plus pushbutton selector, internal plug-inadaptor for Stereo FM Multiplex,2 "Acro-beam" tuning indicators,simulcast FM/AM stereo. AllSherwood tuners feature FM sen-sitivity below 0.95 microvolts andVa% distortion @ 100% FM.

For further details write: SherwoodElectronic Laboratories, Inc., 4300N. California Avenue, Chicago 18,Illinois.

For, complete specifications write Dept. ET -3

ALI& NEWS LETTER

FAIRCHILD appoints StanCluphf as Rocky Mountainrep.

TELECTRO introduces 5 tapedecks, $89.95 and up, and 6preamps from $29m

WEBCOR develops magazineloading tape recorder forgovernment aircraft.

REEVES SOUNDCRAFT pub-lishes new wholesale anddealer product and pricelists.

SCHOBER ORGAN offers elec-tronic organ kits, said tosave 50% over factory -built s.

GURIAN, Chicago, is pro-ducing the Stereo -Sonicdual hi-fi speaker kit forauto installation. Pricesare $18.95 & $19.95.

FERRODYNAMICS names reps:Robert Smith Co., Brook-line, Mass; Winfield Elec-tronic Sales, N. Miami,Fla., Hal F. Corry Co.,Dallas, Texas.

RADIO FREQUENCY LABS. willintroduce its Spacial Stereoline of hi-fi systems rang-ing from $1000 up. Includedare all -transistor compo-nents.

PORTER&DIETSCH, St. Paul,introduces Flexicone, a

chemical which, when ap-plied to a speaker cone'sedge, is said to make it pli-able, improve performance.

NORELCO introduces the AG -3400 moving magnet stereocartridge @ $29.95 with 0.7mil diamond. Specs are ver-tical compliance 3.5, hori-zontal 4.5; output over 30my/channel; separation morethan 22 db @ 1 kc. Unit em-ploys new platinum -cobaltalloy rods magnetized alongtheir lengths.

ALLIED introduces theKnight 740 stereo amplifier@$99.50. Ratings are 20watts/channel, response 30-20,000 cps " 1 db, harmonics0.9% and IM under 3% at fullrated output.

SWITCHCRAFT adds two mod-els to its line of Mini -Mixaudio mixers. The units fitlate models of Revere andWollensak recorders, per-mitting mixing of two soundsources. List price is

$8.95.

ERIC ENGINEERING intro-duces the FM 100 auto FMtuner for any car @ $79.95,and the Dual Twenty Model2160 amplifier/preamp @$103.75. Also available isthe Dual Ten listing for$79.95.

TAPE RECORDER PREDIC-TIONS, courtesy MRIA Pres.Herbert Brown: 750,000 ma-chines valued at $170 mil-lion will be made in 1960.This compares to 650,000 ma-chines valued at $140 mil-lion made in 1959.

AMERICAN CONCERTONE in-troduces a 4 -lb. portabletape recorder using 6 tran-sistors and 2 diodes. Ituses 6 penlight cells forthe drive motor, a 9 v bat-tery for amplifier, or 110vac. 3" reel, 3-3/4 & 1-7/8ips. $199.95.

SARGENT-RAYMENT intro-duces two stereo AM -FMtuners with preamps, ModelsSR -7000 and SR -8000. Pricesare $199.40 and $249.40 re-spectively. A blending con-trol varying channel sep-aration is featured in bothunits.

AMPEX is scheduling stereoFM/AM radio programs in 10top markets, with a reportedpotential stereo audience of44 million persons; AM po-tential is 90 million. Thecompany also introduces the303 amplifier -speaker sys-tem @ $285.50 less enclo-sure, and 302 @ $174.50.Includes amplifier, speak-ers and crossover.


CROWN announces the 714CStereo -X tape recorder,featuring 3 speeds, 3 mo-tors, and automatic stop.It accepts 10" reels. Per-formance specs at 7-1/2 ipsare 40-17,000 cps 2 db,noise 54 db, flutter & wow0.09%.

DYNAKIT announces the PAS -2 stereo preamp @ $59.95kit, $99.95 wired. It in-cludes 7 stereo inputs andblend control. Ratings are0.05 IM, noise 74 db below10 my cartridge, and 10-40,-000 cps 0.5 db.

NORELCO announces the EL -3752/01 stereo microphonefor home recording 00'539.50.It consists of two mike ele-ments set at right angles ina single housing. They arethe moving coil type with acardioid pattern. Output is-50 db.

ISOPHON SPEAKER, said to beEurope's largest speakermanufacturer, announcesavailability of a completeline of speaker systems, in-dividual speakers and mul-tipurpose speakers throughIsophon Speaker Div. of

Arnhold Ceramics, N.Y.C.

RCA has developed a newautomatic record player toprovide motorists two hoursof 45 rpm play. Plymouth andDe Soto will offer it in 1960models. The company has alsoasked FCC to adopt itsstereo AM broadcast system.RCA is not a member of theNational Stereophonic Ra-dio Committee.

MAGNETIC RECORDING IN-DUSTRY ASSOCIATION appointsInternational Business Re-lations as public relationscounsel. New MRIA officersare: Pres., Herbert L. Brown(Ampex); Vice-Pres., KenBishop (Bell); Treas.,Charles Murphy (MichiganMagnetics) ; Sec., HermanKornbrodt (Audio Devices);Directors, Hugh Daly (Mag-necord), Victor Miller (V -M), Ross Molloy (Bel Canto),J. Herbert Orr (ORRadio),Irving Rossman (Pentron),and Harry Sussman (Telec-tro).

servicedealer'sszmico/voticroft/comNEMENT*UNCIAL

Completeguide,

by equipmentbrandand model

numberTO

Sylvaniadirect replacementtransistors,diodes

and rectifiers.

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A complete guide, by equipment brand and model number, toSylvania direct replacement transistors and diodes. Interchangeabilityinformation is included for rectifiers, too. Gives Sylvania equivalentsof foreign transistor -types. helps you find the right replacement unit

. . . fast! Get your copy from your SYLVANIA SEMICONDUCTORDISTRIBUTOR or write Sylvania, P 0. Box 212, Buffalo 9, N. Y.Only 50c for this valuable booklet!

Check your semiconductor stock. Fill in with top-quality Sylvania

transistors, diodes and rectifiers. Your Sylvania distributor has the best!

Sylvania Semiconductor Division,Il'oburn, Mass.

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A ProfitableNew Field!

INDUSTRIALELECTRONICSERVICING

with

ocarrEoQUALITYComponents

Industrial electronic servicingis profitable new business foryou. Especially when youstock and replace with de-pendable Ohmite components. . . the line your industrialcustomers know and prefer.Service such industrial equip-ment as mobile radio, aircraftand marine radar and radio,electronic controls for fac-tory processes and automa-tion, industrial P.A. and inter-com systems, and-medicaland dental electronics.

AXIAL -LEADRESISTORSVitreous -enameled,power -type unitsdesigned to with-stand high temper-atures. In 3, 5, and10 -watt sizes.BROWN DEVIL®RESISTORSVitreous -enameled.In 5, 10, and 20 -watt sizes.LITTLE DEVIL1TCOMPOSITIONRESISTORSMeet all MIL -R -11A requirements.Available in %a, 1/4.1/p, 1, and 2 -wattsizes in all standardEIA values.MOLDEDCOMPOSITIONPOTENTI-OMETERSTYPE ABResistance materialis solid -molded,noise -free. Ratedat 2 watts.

I Write for Stock Catalog 30

DEPENDABLERESISTANCE

UNITS

J

OHMITE MANUFACTURING COMPANY3687 Howard Street, Skokie, Illinois

SERVICE THATAUDIO AMPLIFIER

(Continued from page 39)When a voltage chart for the unit

is available, use it to ascertain theaccuracy of the d -c operatingcharacteristics of the various ampli-fier stages. If a voltage chart is notavailable, you can only rely on pastexperience and the conduction orlack of conduction of a tube in anyparticular stage. As indicated, this isdetermined by the presence orabsence of a voltage at the cathodeor across the plate load resistor.

The readings tabulated on thevoltage chart supplied with mostamplifiers can rarely be exactlyduplicated in the service shop. Themeasurements at the manufacturer'slaboratories are frequently madeusing "bogey" tubes under idealconditions. Exceptionally accurateprofessional meters are used. Theline is adjusted and maintained tothe 117 volt standard.

Readings may vary by as much as20% to 25% from the listed value.This may be due to various factors.The line voltage in the service shopmay differ from that under whicl-measurements were originally made.Components vary by as much as20%. The voltmeter used may loadthe circuit improperly.

Fig. 3 illustrates how improperloading can result in false voltagereadings.

All active circuits found in anaudio amplifier can be broken downto a voltage in series with a re-sistance. A battery is this type ofcircuit. Fig. 3 shows the case of a12 volt battery with an internal re-sistance of 12 ohms. If a 12 ohmvoltmeter were connected across thisbattery, the meter would indicate 6volts, since half the voltage dropappears across the internal resistanceof the battery. Now, if an 11 megohmVTVM were across the battery,there would be a negligible voltagedrop across the 12 ohm internalbattery resistance. The full 12 voltswould appear across the VTVM.Meters with internal resistances ofbetween 12 ohms and 11 megohmswill indicate anywhere from 6 to 12volts, depending upon the resistanceof the particular meter.

In an amplifier, a circuit loaded bya 1,000 ohms per volt meter maygive entirely different readings than

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when loaded by a 20,000 ohms pervolt meter, which in turn may givedifferent readings than when loadedby a VTVM. Measurements madewith a high impedance meter willbest correlate with the voltage chartssupplied by most amplifier manu-facturers.

The tests just described were todetermine whether or not the d -cconditions within the amplifier areproper. Most faults with the unitwill become apparent from thesemeasurements.

Once it has been determined thatthe d -c conditions are correct, it islogical to check the signal path. Theinitial check should be made with anohmmeter. Shorts or opens show upinstantly and can frequently be cor-rected in seconds.

If this fails, you must then neces-sarily resort to signal tracing. Feeda 1,000 cycle sinusoidal signal to theamplifier input. Using a high im-pedance signal tracer-preferably anoscilloscope-trace the path of thesignal from the input to the output.(Be certain that a speaker or re-sistor load is connected to the out-put.) If the trouble appears within acircuit that is enclosed in a negativefeedback loop, open this loop, (de-crease the strength of the signal fedto the amplifier to compensate forthe increased gain), and trace withinthis suspected loop. Signal tracingwith an oscilloscope is particularlyuseful when checking for distortion.

The above signal tracing procedurecan locate many of the faults noteasily found when employing othermethods. It is frequently more con-venient to check for distortion byreversing the tracing procedure.Connect the oscilloscope across theoutput terminals of the amplifier.Insert the 1,000 cycle sinusoidalsignal into the various sections ofthe amplifier. Start at the outputtube grids and work your way backto the input. This is especially use-ful when more than one circuit isdefective in the amplifier at any onetime.

When the amplifier has been re-paired, additional careful tests .canbe made with harmonic and inter -modulation meters. This follow-uptest technique is invariably limitedto service shop personnel derivinga substantial portion of their incomefrom audio work. An alternative finalcheck, even if these instruments areused, is to have the customer listen

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to his repaired unit before it leavesthe shop. This isn't always practical,but it often prevents any differencesof opinion regarding the fidelity ofthe repaired unit.

An important consideration inaudio amplifier work is: know youramplifier. Hum, distortion and out-put specifications differ with the typeamplifier. Some alleged hi-fi ampli-fiers are marginally designed andspecifications are not attainable inproduction units. Always considerthe limitations of the unit you aretroubleshooting.

"Each unit represents 1,000 sets I'veserviced."


Cases From The Files Of

The "Kilocycle Kops"From uncovering a hidden radio

transmitter communicating with aforeign country to being nearlydrowned in an encounter with asmall boat owner-it's all part of theday's work of FCC field engineerswho monitor and police the techni-calities of traffic on the nation's radiohighways.

The varied nature of their tasksand experiences is indicated in thefollowing cases gleaned from recentmonthly reports of the Commission'sField Engineering and MonitoringBureau.

With mobile equipment, FCC fieldengineers traced on the Florida Keysan illicit transmitter which was send-ing messages to Cuba that were an-tagonistic to the Castro government.

As a result, other Federal officialswere enabled to arrest two refugeesfrom that country who were operat-ing the clandestine station.

In a Chicago suburb four youths,using a makeshift "station" composedof parts of a cast-off theater soundsystem and the power supply of anold TV receiver, not only broadcastrecorded music and commercials(free) but were conducting "man -on -the -street" interviews. However,one of the persons interviewed on thesidewalk was an FCC field engineerwho, in response to the openingquestions, announced that he wasthere to close down the station. Therewas a sudden sign -off announce-ment by the "ex -manager." A visit

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to the "studio" revealed a postedschedule of staff penalties for violat-ing the station's rules. They rangedfrom "Goofing names on the news-3e to "Messing up commercials-50."

In Detroit a one-man, 100 -wattunlicensed station was found broad-casting over a 15 -mile radius. The18 -year -old operator, owner, man-ager and disk jockey was warned ofthe law violation and, with the helpof his father, dismantled the equip-ment.

Interference to TV reception ma Philadelphia neighborhood wascaused by a 14 -year -old boy. He hadbuilt his own transmitter but failedto pass the amateur examination. Sohe was "just testing" under the im-pression that the equipment woulddeteriorate if not used. He disman-tled it-temporarily, he hoped-pending further attempt to qualifyfor a "ham" license.

In another case, TViewers inBloomington, Ind., complained thatan amateur was ruining their recep-tion on Channel 6. FCC inquiry re-vealed that the "ham" was beingblamed for interference during pe-riods when his set was not operating.However, the amateur's fraternal in-terest was aroused. He enlisted theaid of neighboring "hams" and theywere able to trace the offending sig-nal to the vicinity of a universitywhere a conference of TV engineerswas being held. The engineers joinedin the search and found the culprit tobe an experimental oscillator usedfor the ionization of helium gas in theuniversity's chemical laboratory.Whereupon the university took re-medial action.

Good neighbor policy was alsoevinced in a Baltimore TV interfer-ence case. An FCC engineer installeda portable TV receiver in an in -


vestigative car and cruised about thecomplaining area. He traced the ob-noxious signal to an antiquated TVset in a private home. The owner wasrequested to stop using his set untilits excessive radiation could be cor-rected. He balked, insisting that heshould be given a new TV receiverto replace his old, defective set. Hebecame cooperative, however, whenwarned of possible consequencesfrom operating a device causingradio or TV interference. The casewas closed on a happy note whenthe TV station, whose reception hadbeen affected, replaced the man'sobsolete set with a used but moremodern receiver-without charge.

Severe ghost -type interference toTV reception at Ventura, Calif., wastraced to a huge sheet metal reflectoron a mountain top which was usedfor directing microwave transmissionof a communications company. Thelatter's engineers solved the difficultyby installing a screen of hog -fencewire in front of the reflector so as todeflect the microwave beam from thedirect waves of the TV stations.

Cross modulation between AMbroadcast stations often intrudes ontransmissions of other radio services.In the area of Jacksonville, Fla., en-gineers discovered that the antennaof one broadcast station was pickingup energy from another broadcaststation and then radiating a combi-nation of both over the aircraftmarker frequency. This was cured bythe installation of tuned filters in theantenna circuits of both stations.

"Rock-and-roll" music invaded amarine rescue frequency to giveoperators an additional headache.The Millis, Mass., monitoring stationfound it was caused by an overmod-ulated emission of a broadcast sta-tion. When notified, the broadcaststation promptly suppressed it-theovermodulation not the "jive."

Many complaints of interference tovarious kinds of radio stations arefound to be unwittingly caused bythe stations themselves. Typical isthe case of an Air Force station inNorth Dakota which thought that anamateur station was responsible. By

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means of direction finding equip-ment, FCC engineers quickly deter-mined that the cause was a defectiveGovernment transmitter.

Radar used for air traffic control atOakland, Calif., experienced interfer-ence of long duration before FCC as-sistance was asked. An FCC engineerwith a mobile unit speedily deter-mined that the disrupting signal wascoming from a radar installation onMount Tamalpais. The bearings wereaccurate enough to show which of

the three radar units there was re-sponsible. The Air Force took imme-diate steps to eliminate its trouble.

The Chillicothe, Ohio, monitoringstation received complaints by anelectronics firm about interruptionsof its communication in the citizensband. The wayward transmissionswere deciphered to be taxicab dis-patching messages. However, theywere accompanied by no call signalsar other identification. Directionfinders fixed their origin in Bermuda.


Inasmuch as citizen frequencies areused on a shared basis without inter-ference protection, there was no jus-tification for complaining to theBritish authorities.

The Seattle engineering office re-ceived complaint from a scientistthat his satellite -tracking receiverwas beset by severe interference. Itappeared only when two local TVstations were operating. However,the equipment for receiving signalsfrom space objects was found to haveinsufficient selectivity. At the sug-gestion of an FCC engineer, the sci-entist installed input filters and hisgremlin disappeared.

A Western state's forestry servicerelayed to the Portland monitoringstation an interference complaintfrom another state's forestry depart-ment. The annoying signal had beenon the air continuously for severaldays. Direction finder fixes showedthat it came from an unattended re-peater station operated by the corn -

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plainant. The repeater had inadvert-ently been left "on."

Interference from moving objectsis harder to trace. However, an in-terruption to air -ground communica-tion of an airline at Chicago wasquickly pinpointed on a plane inflight over Utah. The aircraft wassurprised to find that it had a "stuck"transmitter.

Countless electronic gadgets, if notadequately shielded, can emit energydisturbing to radio communication.For example, one "wireless baby sit-ter" in New Orleans probablyminded the baby all right but playedhavoc with broadcast reception up toa distance of four miles from thehome in which it was used. Uponbeing notified of the neighborhood'sdispleasures, the owner discontinueduse of the apparatus in favor of livetalent.

Brute force diagnosis was resortedto in a Spokane interference case.

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The Federal Aviation Agency re-ported reception of severe noise onone of its frequencies. It suspected anearby power line, but the powercompany failed to find any defects.An FCC engineer located the par-ticular power line pole responsible.A few lusty whacks on the pole con-vinced the power company that itwas time to repair some faulty in-sulated and grounded hardwarethereon.

That interference can span greatdistances is illustrated by the follow-ing instances:

The Coast Guard requested FCCassistance in locating signals blottingout ship communication. Bearingsshowed that they came from far-Pacific waters. When the CoastGuard contacted Japan it was learnedthat they were from a vessel in dis-tress in the Philippine Sea.

Interference to Internal RevenueService domestic communication wasidentified by FCC monitors as origi-nating from a station in Rio deJaneiro, over 4,000 miles away.

When an international telegraphcarrier complained of multiple inter-ference on its circuit to Saudi Arabia,the FCC net found that it was causedby 10 different radio stations scat-tered throughout the world.

Monitoring continues to be an in-valuable aid in air and sea search-and-rescue operations:

At the request of the Coast Guard,the Fort Lauderdale, Fla., monitoringstation obtained three bearings whichenabled a Navy plane to make visualcontact with a ship lost off the coastand direct it to port.

"This is no drill; I'm really lost"radioed an Army plane en route fromthe Azores after an alert had beencancelled on word that the aircraftwas not in difficulty. FCC directionfinders established the plane's posi-tion so that it could correct its course.

The licensee of a citizens radiostation who had been cited for violat-ing Commission rules by trying toget distance on his equipment re-turned his license with the explana-tion that "the temptation of havingit around is just too great and I havedecided to remove the temptation."


A field engineering office was un-able to comply with a youngster'srequest to "take a 50 kilowatt ex-amination" but was sympathetic tohis desire for more practical informa-tion, especially since the lad added:"I've got eight years to memorizeeverything I'll have to know, so whynot memorize the FCC regulations?"

The San Diego police asked FCCfield engineers to examine some radioequipment found in the possession ofa man the police had arrested on anarcotics charge. It proved to bea sub -miniature battery -operatedtransmitter and a separate receiverwith a specially constructed antennafor signaling between two confeder-ates in a card game. The concealedtransmitter on one player was capa-ble of inducing a slight electric shockor pulse in the leg -receiver hiddenon his pal.

The fact that some transmitters areon mountain tops, reached only bypoor roads or footpaths, makes accessfor inspection difficult during badweather. Sometimes an FCC instru-ment -laden truck is bogged down, orditched, and the rest of the way madeon foot. Even the Grand Island,Nebr., monitoring station was re-cently snowbound for several days.

Sport fishing and other small boatscarrying more than six passengers forhire must maintain a safety watch onthe distress frequency. It is difficultto inspect so many vessels individ-ually. So FCC inspectors often ac-company Coast Guard ship or heli-copter patrols. Whenever small boatsare sighted they are called on thedistress frequency. If there is noanswer it is evident that the pre-scribed watch is not being kept. Insuch cases a follow-up inspection ismade when the vessel returns todock and a formal notice of violationis issued.

Not long ago an FCC inspectorboarded a motor vessel at a Cali-fornia marina. The uncooperativeowner ordered the inspector off theboat. When the latter stopped on thefloat to write his official report hewas followed by the boat owner and,in a resulting altercation, somehow

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found himself-literally-in deepwater. Not having a pen that wouldwrite under water, he had to swimfor shore to complete his report. Asa result, the FCC is taking adminis-trative action against the boat owner-this time through the mails.

This case typifies one reason theFCC wants its field inspectorsbrought under a Federal law whichmakes it a criminal offense to assaultcertain Government inspectors. FCCfield men have no such protection atpresent so the Commission has pro-posed covering legislation.

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"We just put the set through here and3 ne of our electronic brains takes over."


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"Say, Fred, I've got a little problem-mind coming out of retirement for a feWhours?"


(Continued from page 58)paign is under way to collect a warchest of $5,000 to assist in defendingthe Kansas City license bill, nowunder attack by opposition forces.New officers elected were: Pres.,John Alex Earp; Sec'y, Jim White;Treas., William Puitt.

New JerseyTSDA, Pennsauken, announces the

election of the following new officers:Pres. Pete Rapagnanni; V.P., WilliamBoyd; Sec'y., Leon Skalish; andTreas., Harry Goodchild.

New York

BBB To Aid L. 1. Techs

RTG, L.I., N.Y., reports the BetterBusiness Bureau is making efforts toimprove advertising and sellingpractices among TV sales and servicefirms in Nassau and Suffolk counties.The Long Island BBB plans to makeavailable a number of pamphlets de-signed to educate the public aboutindustry practices.

OhioTESA, Springfield, elected: Pres.,

Marvin Miller; V.P., Robert Allan,Sec'y, Wade Campbell and AdolfStamguts was returned to the officeof Treas.

TESA, Columbus, announces itsSpring convention will take placeSunday, April 3rd at the Zane Hotel,Zanesville, Ohio.

PennsylvaniaTSADV, Philadelphia, elected the

following officers: Pres., WaynePrather; V.P., Charles Ross; Corr.-Sec'y, Leon Helk; Rec.-Sec'y, JohnRook; Treas., L. B. Smith.

"What ails your set is called non-conlunc-tivitis-meaning not plugged in."

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For Master Antenna SystemsCOMPLETE LINE OF OUTLETS INALL ATTENUATIONS FROM 10TO 30 DB.

SA -23 AMPLIFIER High Power Output-High Gain 10,000 Hour, Type 6922 Tubes Long Life Silicon Rectifiers Separate Tilt and Gain Con-

trols for Each Band New TUG -PLUG* Quick -Dis-

connect FittingsPlug-in power splitters availableto split signal 2 or 4 ways. Ask forES -2 or ES -4.

Easily Installed --No SpecialTools Required

OP Series (Flush Mounting)-OB Series (Surface Mounting)

DK Series with Two Outlets(Both Flush and Surface Mount-ing)

New TUG -PLUG* Quick -Dis-connect Fittings

Response Flat from AM thruVHF TV Band

For further information, write or phone: .eliliedbraVie P. 0. Box 287 Dept. A Bladensburg, Md.C ...... V C 0 Phone: APpleton 7-9585


CBS TWIN TR:ODEThe ECC88/6DJ8 high -gain twin

triode with true frame -grid construc-tion offers high reliability for instru-mentation, industrial controls, nuclearelectronics, communications and broad-cast equipment and TV tuners. Thisnew tube provides high transconduct-ance, high input impedance, low noisefigure, and uniform characteristics. Itsgrid operates cooler, and it features atrouble -free coil heater. CBS Electron-ics, Danvers, Mass. (ELECTRONICTECHNICIAN 3-2)

Kaar 2 -WAY RADIOTH326 "D" Phone conforms to the

Limited Radiation Regulation, Part 15of the FCC Rules and may be put onthe air immediately. Power generatedby the transmitter, 100 milliwatts. An-tenna height, 5'. Range, 1/2 mile inurban areas to approximately 4 or 5miles over water. Can be used whilewaiting for return of Citizens BandLicense; and then restored to its fullClass D power and range. Kaar Engi-neering Corp. 2995 Middlefield Rd.,Palo Alto, Calif. (ELECTRONIC TECH-NICIAN 3-7)

U.S.L. "RADIO -PHONE"The new U.S.L. TR-800 "Radio -

Phone" is a low cost superhet citizensband transceiver featuring: 5 -channeltransmitting; 22 -channel vernier tunedreceiving; 3 -watt audio output; inputpower to transmitter, 5 watts fullyplate modulated and power pack for

6 to 12v mobile use. Transmitting crys-tals are changed through a removablepanel located in the front of the trans-ceiver. Universal type mobile mountswill be furnished with each unit. $99.95including one crystal and microphone.United Scientific Labs., 35-15 37th Ave.,Long Island City 1, N. Y. (ELEC-TRONIC TECHNICIAN 3-3)

First Units of a Great New Accessory LineReflecting the Quality of Winegard TV Antennas

new Winegardprecise -match coupler systemsHere is a new low in insertionloss . . . here's complete iso-lation of signals and impe-dance ... identical impedancematch . . . and perfectly flatresponse all in one quality -built coupler from Winegard.Right -priced, superbly built,electronically superior, hand-somely packaged, and easily

installed. These mast and flatmount coupler systems willearn you bigger, quicker prof-its on any installation of twoor more TV sets, color orblack and white, and FM.Tell your Winegard Distribu-tor you want to test the newWinegard Precise -MatchCouplers.

Available Now in These Mast or Flat Mount Models

All LNANAILANTENNA

X0 ONIN TWIN LEAD

2 TV SITcount.

TV SIT NO I TV SET NO 2

2 TV Set Coupler, togive two TV sets the samefine reception off oneUHF -VHF antenna. Pre-cise 300 ohm impedancematch at antenna andreceiver terminals.

Di l0ANTENNA COUPLE,

I AwNi I %VINELAND

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HI Le Antenna Coupler,to combine a high bandand a low band TV an-tenna. Highest isolationfactor of any coupler onmarket.

TV ANTENNA

TV TM

ANTENNA COUPLE

TV SIGNAL

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IM SIGNAL

TV SIT FM TUNE ON RADIO

World's only true TV -FM Coupler System.All others divide signal,with 3 DS loss. Winegardseparates signal, butsends total signal to TVor FM set-no loss.

SOH

illisegard001110

G

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WillegarVir ANTENNA SYSTEMS

mail

coupon

today

WINEGARD CO., 3019-3 SCOTTEN, BURLINGTON, IOWA

Tell me more about Winegard Precise -Match Coupler Systems.

Name

Address

City

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Zone


NOW THERE AR

JACKSONDYNAMIC- TUBE

TESTERS2=!!Ii

*o DYNAMICOUTPUT

658

Checks receiving tubes, voltage regulators, eyetubes. Shows heater continuity without warm-up. Reads heater current. Provides both shortstest and grid leakage test. Has 231 heatervoltage combinations. An outstanding profes-sional tube tester. $189.95

NEW

LOW

COST

DYNAMIC598

Provides convenient lever switching and time-

proved Jackson Dynamic test principle. Hasvariable plate voltage and load controls. Shortstest has variable sensitivity to 2 megohms.Convenient roll chart and grouped tube socketsub -assembly. $89.95

WORLD

FAMOUSDYNAMIC

648R

Features super -rapid sequence switching. Theset-up time is less than the warm-up time ofthe tube. Twenty-three separate heater volt-ages. Line voltage control indicates actual linevoltage. Famous for dependability the worldover. $129.95

POWER CHART ACCESSORYHere's a new addition! The Jackson Power RollChart-available in all three tube testers forthose who require the extra. Roll the chart fromone end to the other in less than 25 secondswith the touch of a finger. $20.00 net

SEE YOUR DISTRIBUTOR OR WRITE FOR LITERATURE.

THE JACKSONELECTRICALINSTRUMENTCOMPANY

16-18 SOUTH PATTERSON BLVD.DAYTON 2, OHIO

In Canada: The Canadian Marconi Company

Regency 2 -WAY RADIOModel CB -27 citizens band trans-

ceiver features a crystal controlled firstoscillator for receiver performance thatapproaches the stability and resetta-bility of a crystal controlled unit, yetretains the flexibility of a tuneable re-ceiver. Supply power, 115v a -c (modelCB -27) or 12v d -c (model CBM-27).

Power consumption, 30 watts (standby)50 watts (transmit). Dimensions, 41/2" x61/2" x 83/4". Weight, approx. 9 lbs. Re-ceiver sensitivity, 2iiv or better; selec-tivity 6 kc g 6 db down and 14 kcl 60 db down. Regency Div. I.D.E.A.Inc., 7900 Pendleton Pike. Indianapolis26, Ind. (ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN3-15)

Sonotone MICROPHONES"Matched Twin" microphones for

stereo taping are: CM -T10 paired"Ceramikes," acoustically matched to atolerance of 2 db. Jacked into anyquality stereo recorder, it feeds thetape a substantially flat 50 -to -13,000cycle signal at an output level of -62

db. Where greater sensitivity is desired,the CM -T11, also in matched twins, hasfrequency response of 50 to 8,000 cycleswithin 2 db of each other and the sen-sitivity is 55 db below 1.0v per micro -bar. $36.75 per pair for either CM -T10or CM -T11. Sonotone Corp., Elmsford.N. Y. (ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN3-24)

ATLAS PAGING SPEAKERSTYLED FOR MODERN DECORSThe New Atlas DU -12 Perfect for the Most Discriminating Applications. For the first time here'sa loudspeaker that doesn't look like one. Modeled along the sleek, straight lines of a modernlighting fixture, and finished in brushed satin aluminum, the Atlas DU -12 is styled to harmonizeand enhance the most ultra of modern decors.Acoustically, the Atlas DU -12 offers high intelligibility, efficiency and directivity - features thatmark it as a fine quality loudspeaker. The frequency response of the DU -12 is "tailored" toreproduce speech with clean, crisp articulation. Its horn type construction and universal mountingbracket provide complete directional control, confining the sound coverage to the required serviceareas. And, there's no wiring exposed to mar its appearance because all connections and linematching transformer are completely hidden behind the mounting canopy. Canopy is equipped withadapter strap for mounting on any flat surface or for use on standard electrical outlet box.In commercial installations where both decor and true acoustical quality are important, the AtlasDU -12 is the only answer. Investigate the profit opportunities for yourself. Write for informationon the complete line of Atlas P.A. speakers, mike stands and accessories.

Decor -Projector DU -1 2List $35.00Net $21.00

coio

REsogisWrite for complete Catalog

STORES

.9,0

ATLAS Sound Dept. ET -3, 1449 39th Street, Brooklyn 18, N. Y.Corp.',n Canada: Atlas Radio Corp., Ltd., Toronto, Ont.


Melo-Sonics MUSIC SYSTEMA new continuous -play tape repeater

console is compact, fully self-contained,has transistorized pre -amp, dynamicallybalanced capstan flywheels, heavy-dutyprecision motors and transformers,spring -action positive -lock clutch andthe Melo-sonics "Pow -R -Pack" satellite

amplifier construction. Tape speed, 3.75ips. Frequency response (4-1 33/4 ips, 40-12,000 cps ±3 db. Output power, basic101w, 18'w peak. Power source, 110v-60cycle. Impedance, 8 ohm. 14" wide,111/2" deep, 8" high. Melo-sonics Corp.,249 E. 49 St., New York 17, N. Y.(ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN 3-22)

Sherwood STEREO TUNERModel S-2200 FM -AM -Multiplex high

fidelity stereo tuner provides separatereception of FM -AM simulcast broad-cast and internal plug-in adaptor forstereo FM multiplex. It gives push-button monaural or stereo FM, AM/Multiplex. FM section has .95 !iv for 20

db quieting sensitivity and interchan-nel hush. AFC gives 20 db correction.AM section permits selection of eithera 15 kc-wide bandpass or sharplyselective 5 kc bandwidth. $179.50 ModelAMX FM Adaptor, $49.50. SherwoodElectronic Labs., 4300 N. CaliforniaAve., Chicago 18, Ill. (ELECTRONICTECHNICIAN 3-23)

BIGFLOORS

see all thereis to see...from TOPto BOTTOM

BIGDAYS...

of the

IRE NATIONALCONVENTION

and RADIO -ENGINEERING SHOWI

Vtt," PigtPsi j J Dkrailail/

PRODUCTION ITEMS

riti; 1/#;#..s1iimi,onn-wararmo

INSTRUMENTS & SYSTEMS

CU @NI

. . . 10I A

. la

4IW_ 1,(111 II. (jrICOMPONENTS

. EEN11

DEL.GPIP* ..filmrifirIVE t 11121.

It doesn't matter /um' you manage it-by starimg at thefourth floor with Production Items, on to the third floor forInstruments and Systems, then down to Two and One forComponents - or the reverse - what does matter is that yousee ALL there is to sec at the IRE National Convention andRadio -Engineering Show at the New York Coliseum, March21-24. You could even take in one floor a day! Remember,there are 4 BIG FLOORS... and 4 BIG DAYS... so, planyour trips to the Coliseum so that you don't miss anything.

COMPONENTS

The opportunity to see SO MUCH that'sNEW in the radio -engineering field comesbut once a year with this giant IRE NationalConvention and Radio -Engineering Show.Be IT on your field with a thorough knowl-edge of the displays and exhibits that will beshown as NEW IDEAS in RADIO -ELEC-TRONICS, from the top fourth floor to thebottom first floor, at the New York Coliseum!

MARCH 21, 22, 23, 24The IRE NATIONAL CONVENTION I The RADIO ENGINEERING SHOW

Waldorf-Astoria Hotel Coliseum, New York City

The Institute of Radio Engineers "I East 79th St., New York 21, N. Y.

ONE OF A SERIES

THE

PRACTICAL

APPROACHRobert Cornell*

Antenna AnticsEver run into a customer who tells you

reception on a rainy day becomes greatlyimproved on one or more channels, or con-'ersely, one or more channels seem to fadeout when it rains?

Ever try to convince a customer that theold antenna is not functioning, simply bycutting the lead-in wire near the antennaand observing absolutely no difference inreception?

Ever replace an old beat -up antenna andlead-in with a super-duper installation andwind up with new and additional ghosts, orwith snow that didn't exist before?

I'm sure most of us have, as these arecommon happenings.

Each element and component contributeto the characteristics of the whole system.Defective antenna systems are responsiblefor "suck -out" of all or part of the desiredsignal spectrum. They cause standing wavesand ghosts to be created and can radiatelike mad. Not all ghosts are due to reflectedsignals from buildings and obstructions.

Unfortunately, a defective antenna sys-tem can do exactly the opposite. It can causea signal or part of a signal to be undulyamplified, sometime to the point of over-loading a receiver. It is usually pretty diffi-cult to convince a customer that he needsa new system, even if only one channel iscoming in strong.

A practical suggestion is to survey theantenna installation from the outside of thehouse before ringing the doorbell. An em-barrassing incident in my life may serve asan object lesson.

It was an ordinary service call in a two-story private home. A heavy snowfall causedme to dash from the truck to the house with-out once looking up. Two tubes restored theset to normal operation and the set workedfine on all channels. The customer lookedcuriously at me and asked if her antenna isdefective. I reassured her all was well . . .

she could not get such fine reception other-wise. Not until I was back in the truck,ready to drive away, did I look up.

You guessed it ... the antenna was lyingface down with a broken mount, bent mastand bent elements. Time and the elementshave made me a wiser man.

Instead of using an ordinary coupler ina 2 or 4 -set installation, consider the newBlonder -Tongue B-24 Pow -R Booster. For 1set it can be used as a "straight-thru"booster with as much as 10 db gain. As atwo -set amplified coupler, a gain of 3 to 6db per set can be had. Compare this withthe 3 to 12 db loss resulting from the use ofpassive couplers. It is possible to hook up theB-24 in a 9 -set "No -Loss" installation.The B-24 lists for only $24.95.

Do write me and let me know of yourunusual experiences. If you have a problem,I'll try to get you some expert advice. Con-tact me at Blonder -Tongue, Laboratories.9 Ailing Street, Newark 2, New Jersey.

Membart IRE, AM, & N. Y. State Attorney General'sCommittee on Fair Practices In The Radio And TVSupply Industry. President of Certified Electronic Tech-nicians Association. Former Technical Editor. ElectronicTechnician Magazine.


GUARANTEEDFOR ONE YEAR

ZALYTRONTUBE CO

220 W. 42nd St.,New York 36, N. Y.

STEREO KITSAMPLIFIERSTEST INSTRUMENTSTRANSCEIVER KITSTRANSISTOR RADIOS

RP

INDIVIDUALLY BOXED

Plastic CAPACITORSNew metallized Mylar capacitors,

available in bathtub type AB and metaltubular type AM, have temperaturerange for operating and storage of -90°C to 125° C, and capacitance tolerancesare 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, and 20%. Milrequirements are met and exceededand the capacitors have many applica-tions. Advantages include extremelysmall size, dependability, low dielectricabsorption, high resistance and longerlife. Also self -healing characteristics.Plastic Capacitors, Inc., 2620 N. Cly-bourn Ave., Chicago 14, Ill. (ELEC-TRONIC TECHNICIAN 3-13)

Mallory CONTROLType MLC, a new conventional -type

miniature carbon control, 1/2" in diam-eter, offers performance characteristicsand features of larger controls. It canbe supplied with a full -rated switch for2 ampere, 125 volt a -c service, using afloating contact ring of the same sizeand design employed in larger Malloryswitches for minimum contact resist-ance. Either nylon or steel shaft canbe supplied with the control. P. R.Mal:ory & Co., Inc., 3029 E. WashingtonSt., Indianapolis 6, Ind. (ELECTRONICTECHNICIAN 3-10)

10- DEALERS

Po. SERVICEMEN

10' TUBE TESTER 4/ 4ROUTE OPERATORS

YOU' ft!C

Lafayette 2 -WAY RADIOModel HE -15 superhet 2 -way Citizens

Band Radio features 5 crystal controlledtransmitting channels operating at amaximum legal power input of 5 watts,22 channel band; 3 -watt audio outputand 20 -mile coverage. Controls include3 -position function switch, planetaryvernier tuning and squelch noise lim-

iter. Output impedance matches 52 and72 ohm antenna and has Amphenoltype coaxial connector for operatinginto dipole, ground plane or rodantenna. $59.95 including one crystaland microphone. Lafayette Radio Elec-tronics Corp. 165-08 Liberty Ave.,Jamaica 33, N. Y. (ELECTRONICTECHNICIAN 3-8)

with ZAIYTRON QUALITY BRAND

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You "play ball" with MAJOR LEAGUERS when you buyZALYTRON Tubes! We have been supplying tubes formany years to service dealers and Tube Tester RouteOperators-and the ZALYTRON Brand Name has achieveda reputation for quality and performance second tonone! Yes, you "play it SAFE" with ZALYTRON becauseyou get BRAND NEW Tubes:

NOT USED NOT REJECTSbut Zalytron's First Quality! And, importanttoo: by selling DIRECT to the ElectronicsTrade, we pass the middleman's profit on toour customers . . . helping them to meet andbeat competition in their areas!

WHY PAY MORE?Get our FREE Complete Giant NewCatalog, containing up-to-date tubelisting, PLUS hundreds of standardelectronic component parts at HUGESAVINGS! Paste handy coupon (below)on post card and mail to us today!

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NAME

ADDRESS

L CITY ZONE STATE

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the way slip stop woRks

If we packed a Genie in each bottle ofSLIP STOP we couldn't make it do a bet-ter job.

COLMAN SLIP STOP

STOPS SLIPPING PHONO DRIVES STOPS SLIPPING DIAL CORDS STOPS SLIPPING CLUTCH FACINGS CAN'T GET STICKY CAN'T HARM RUBBER CONTAINS NO GRIT

AND

HAVE YOU/TRIED /

crio

FOR REPAIRING COSTLY TUBES

6906, 6CD6, 807, 2E26, 6146, ETC.

AT YOUR JOBBER'S

COLMAN ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS. AMARILLO TEXAS


Cornell-DubilierCAPACITOR SUBSTITUTION BOX

Model CDE provides an instantlyavailable choice of capacitance for sub-stitution purposes in a wide variety ofelectronic and electrical applications.Fifteen combinations are possible from10 to 150 cif, in steps of 10 lif, at volt-ages up to 450 WVDC. Two or moreunits may be connected in parallel toprovide an unlimited range of capaci-tance. $12.50. Cornell-Dubilier ElectricCorp., 1006 Hamilton Ave., South Plain-field, N. J. (ELECTRONIC TECHNI-CIAN 3-20)

Perma-PowerTV TUBE BRIGHTENERS

A new 12 -pack dispenser carton isnow standard packaging for both seriesand parallel Vu-Brites, models C401and C402. Also for the Golden C-Britemodel C201. The new package tacksreadily to any wall and permits quickremoval of individual brighteners. It isnot only a handy dispensing unit butalso a handy purchasing unit. However,the units are still individually packagedand can be purchased in quantitiessmaller than a dozen. Perma-PowerCo., 3100 N. Elston Ave.. Chicago 18. Ill.(ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN 3-14)

This Lamp Designed to OperateMiles Underground!

Write for Catalogand Complete Information.

In drilling an oil well, the drill pipeoften goes astray when the rotarydrill is deflected by a tilted strataof hard rock. The drill crew cannotknow what is happening 5 to 20thousand feet below ground.To check the accuracy of the drillingan instrument containing a camera,a scale indicating any deviationfrom the vertical and a compass toindicate the direction o= the devia-tion, is lowered into the drill pipe.This instrument is subjected to se-vere shock and temperatures to325"F.The lamps illuminating the scaleduring photography were frequentcasualties, much too frequently forefficiency and economy. ChicagoMiniature was consulted, and pro-duced a lamp that, without decreas-ing light output, increased lamp lifeby 1500%.This superior quality is found in allChicago Miniature Lamps-stand-ard as well as special.Always specify Chicago Miniaturewhen ordering from your jobber!

CHICAGO MINIATURE LAMP WORKS

1516 No. Ogden Ave., Chicago 10, III.

Miniature Lamps for every requirement

Lawrence AMPLIFIER SYSTEM"Road Commander" model No. RC -

1225 transistorized mobile publicaddress and radio amplifier measures6:Ye" x 51/4" x 33/4" and weighs only 3lbs. Output power, 25/w on 12.6v;response, 400 to 6,000 cps; gain, 103 db;distortion, less than 10% at full -rated

ROAD - COMMANDERPALM VOLUMIL PAW P VOLUME

OPP-

0 ( 01RPICNOPHONE

PACHCATOP 37,p.r.LI. re.wUS

output; controls, microphone gain, radiogain, on -off, radio, p.a. selector; currentdrain, 180 ma no signal -radio monitorposition, 3 ampere full power; outputimpedance, 16 ohms; input impedance.150-200 ohms. Lawrence, Inc., P.O. Box5106, Seven Oaks Station, Detroit 35,Mich. (ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN3-9)

For 1960 It's . . .

"Compact"in Size:they fitthe pocket

'Compact"in Price:they fityourpocketbooktoo

Ask YourParts Jobber or

Your Jobber Salesman

tools by

for theElectronic Service Trade

MOI0111111MI11K-17 Hex Key Set

$1 00 net

DE 810 DoubleNut Driver

$ 79 net-AN -2 Tester

$.79 net

PK-8 Nut Driver$.48 net

NO -141 COITIb,13t1,,,S(le. 8, Nut Dri.,r

S 79 net

oneElSP 19 Probe

$ 96 net

A-86 PencilType Driver

$ 60 net

VACO PRODUCTS COMPANY317 East Ontario Street, Chicago 11, IllinoisIn Canada: Atlas Radio Corp., Toronto 19, Ontario


TV TUNERS REBUILT4/I MAKES & MODELS

VHF or UHFTUNER

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Prices include labor and minor parts only,defective tubes and damaged major partare extra at net prices.

Forward tuner complete with tubes, shieldcover and any damaged parts. State fault.

QUOTE MAKE AND MODEL

F.O.B. CHICAGO OR TORONTOWe will ship C.O.D.

CASTLE TV TUNER SERVICE5710 N. WESTERNCHICAGO 45, ILL.

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OLSON RADIOCORPORATION

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NEW PRODUCTSFor More Information On

NEW PRODUCTS


EMC VOMModel 109 features the use of a 40

microampere 41/2" meter and a -c volt-age sensitivity of 10,009 o ims per volt.It has five d -c voltage ranges to 3,000volts at a sensitivity of 20,000 ohms pervolt; five a -c voltage ranges to 3,000volts at a sensitivity of 10,000 ohms per

volt; three a -c and d -c current rangesand three resistance ranges to 20megohms. Housed in a high impactmolded bakelite case. Wired, $26.95. Kit,$19.25. Electronic Measurements Corp.,625 Broadway, New York 12, N. Y.(ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN 3-31)

G -C CHEMICALSFree offer good during the month of

March: Free: one 6 -oz can of G -CSpra-Kleen (No. 8666)-claimed to beamong the finest and most popular TVtuner cleaners-with the purchase ofa 16 -oz. can of G -C Zero -Mist Spra-Koat (No. 8667)-used to cool circuitshaving intermittent trouble. Also, Free:

1 oz. bottle of G -C De -Ox -Id (No.19-1) "miracle cleaner"-used to pre-vent oxidation on control contacts-with the purchase of a 2 oz. bottle ofG -C Red -X High Voltage Corona Dope(No. 50-2)-used to prevent coronashorts. G -C Electronics Co., 400 S.Wyman St., Rockford, Ill. (ELEC-TRONIC TECHNICIAN 3-4)

RESIST -O -PANELFREE! with any of 4 Handy -PakCarbon Resistor Assortments

10 Values$ v20 A an/ to - 'at-- Dealer Net

Requiresno bench

spaceContains

10 Handy-Paks withspace for10 more

WallBracketsIncluded

Order fromyour IRC

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INTERNATIONAL RESISTANCE COMPANYDISTRIBUTOR SALES DIVISION

414 N. 13th STREET PHILADELPHIA 8, PA.

what'sthe angle?

55 151 degrees-o whole diamond-handpolished

Why 55 ( 5) degrees? To fit standardsset by record manufacturers. Styliground mechanically may have anglesup to 85 degrees. The Duotone stylus ishand ground and polished as close torecord -groove requirements as possible.A whole diamond, 2/3 embedded in thestylus, that can't break off like a weldedchip-guaranteed-and the protectionof a microscopic inspection for ± .0001tolerance in its radius-that's the angle.

0\\0\0\\.DIAMOND NEEDLEKeyport, New Jersey

In Canada: Chas. W. Pointon, Ltd., Toronto


New BooksBooks marked with an asterisk (*I may beobtained prepaid from Electronic Marketers,Book Sales Division of Electronic Technician

SOUND BUSINESS PRACTICES & SELLING

ELECTRONIC SERVICE. Prepared under thedirection of John K. Pfahl by the Gen-eral Electric Co. Two hardcover vol-umes and 10" record disc. 85 & 57 pagesrespectively. Price $22.50 (may be ob-tained at little or no cost based on tubepurchases from GE distributors).

This attractive package contains twoexcellent manuals. Sound BusinessPractices covers business for profit,planning your business, organizing yourbusiness, and controlling your business.Subjects such as overhead, pricing, in-ventory control, credit and records areclearly discussed. Selling ElectronicService examines attracting new cus-tomers, business promotion and cus-tomer satisfaction.

The disc, "Sounds of Success," fea-tures actual inerviews with 30 of themost successful service technicians inthe country. In their own words, thesemen reveal the selling secrets used intheir operations. In addition, a 4 -pageProfitable Service Management Work-shop is included, with test questions.Filling in the correct answers, based onthe texts, qualifies the technician for amanagement award certificate. Thisbook -record package is a most worth-while aid to sound independent busi-ness operation.

RADIO TELEPHONE LICENSE MANUAL. ByWoodrow Smith. Published by Editorsand Engineers, Ltd., Summerland, Calif.184 pages, hard cover. $5.00.

Covering Elements 1 through 4, fromFCC " Study Guide and Reference Ma-terial for Commercial Radio OperatorExaminations," each page of this bookis arranged in an easy -to -read, twocolumn format. Questions appear inbold type, followed by answers. Amodest appendix illustrates typical andmost -used electronic formulae, and ex-plains in a clear manner many typicalmathematical problems from simplearithmetic notation through quadraticequations. A complete explanation onthe use of logarithms is likewise in-cluded. Although essentially a book forthe person preparing for a First orSecond -Class Telephone License ex-amination, it should be useful to any-one concerned with this aspect of radiocommunication.

*AUTO RADIO MANUAL, Vol. 9. Publishedby Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc. 160pages, soft cover. $2.95.

Continuing a series of manuals cover-ing auto radio service data, this latestaddition, Vol. 9, includes 35 models pro-duced in 1958-1959. Information is pre-sented on schematics, parts lists andalignment instructions for the indi-vidual models.

*COMPUTERS AND PEOPLE. By John A.Postley. Published by McGraw-HillBook Co. 246 pages, hard cover. $6.00.

Written by the director of the RandCorp. Data Processing Group, this bookdelves into the environmental aspectsof computers. Adroitly bypassing itstechnical side, the author deftly ana-lyzes the effect of computers on busi-ness activities, together wtih its func-tions, applications, inadequacies andfuture development prospects. Althougha non -technical book, it should be ofinterest to technicians desiring infor-mation concerning the computers' im-pact on our social and economic lives.

*HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF YOURVOM. By Tom Jaski. Published byGernsback Library, Inc. 224 pages, softcover. $2.90.

This book is devoted to the remark-able, versatile multimeter. The authorcovers the service tech's workhorse ina deservedly thorough manner. Com-mencing with the basic principles ofVOM's, the text progresses to analyzingkit -type and commerical units. The re-maining five chapters cover: practicalmeasurements, using the VOM for serv-icing, and miscellaneous applications,such as checking auto distributor tim-ing. The clearly written text is aug-mented by numerous photos, drawingsand schematics. If you own a VOM-and who doesn't-this practical book iscertainly recommended.

EICOWOOD FURNITURE CABINETS

Designed to slip over the metal cabi-nets, housing the firm's stereo and hi-ficomponents are: furniture cabinets#WE70, for HF85 stereo dual preampli-fier, HF65 preamplifier, HF12 integratedamplifier, HFT90 FM tuner, HFT92FM/AM tuner and HFT94 AM tuner,

$8.95, unfinished birch; $12.50, walnutor mahogany. Also, #WE71 furniturecabinets for HF81 stereo dual amplifier -preamplifier and HF32 integrated am-plifier, $9.95, unfinished birch; $13.95,walnut or mahogany. Electronic Instru-ment Co., 33-00 Northern Blvd., LongIsland City 1, N. Y. (ELECTRONICTECHNICIAN 3-21)

important money -making'tools' for every

service -technician

NEW RIDER BOOKSCompletely rewritten-and up-to-datel

HOW TO USE METERS (2ad edition) by John F.Rider & Sol D. Prenaky Engineers, laboratory andservice-technicians-everyone who uses meters intheir daily work-will find this revised, expandedand modernized version of the fabulously popularoriginal text absolutely indispensable.

Everything that is new in meter instrumenta-tion will be found in this book. For example, inaddition to full coverage of the many types ofconventional d -c. high frequency a -c and modu-lated type VTVM, the digital voltmeter is alsodiscussed in full detail. Also covered are the ultra-high impedance electrometer vacuum tube volt-meter; transistor voltmeter and industrial trans-ducers for voltmeters.

Explains in detail the construction and opera-tion of all types of electrical meters to use formaking different kinds of measurements in elec-tronic and electrical equipment and industrialapplications. Also explains how to make measure-ments ... namely, where to connect the meters.A section is devoted to multi -phase circuitmeasurements. #144,34.50.HOW TO TROUBLESHOOT TV SYNC CIRCUITSby Ira Reiner. The sync system of TV receiverspros ides the triggering for the horizontal andvertical stages. This text covers the many varia-tions in monochrome and color TV sync circuitsand the possible troubles that might occur inthem. It covers such areas as: sync takeoff, syncclipping and limiting, noise cancellation andtime constants. The discussion of the output cir-cuits of the sync section includes the integrationand differentiation of the vertical and horizontalcircuit signals. Possible sync failures with rela-tionship to the components that might cause themare explained. Sync circuits found in modern TVreceivers are covered in great detail. Special cir-cuitry is analyzed. Synchronization in color TVreceivers is covered. #249, $2.90.

the answer to oil tube substitution problemsMASTER RECEIVING -PICTURE TUBE

SUBSTITUTION GUIDEBOOK by II. .4. Middleton

The fabulously popular Receiving Tube Substitu-tion Guidebook* and all four supplements have beenreset. expanded and brought up to date in onemaster book.The original Tube Substitution Guide-books were considered the most handy and impor-tant work books for technicians, engineers andhobbyists the new Master book, is even morevaluable. In one Master Book, that is easy to use.the entire range of all radio and television receiv-ing and picture tubes and their substitutions areat your fingertips. #241 x II", only $7.45.For those who hare the original RECEIVING TUBESUBSTITUTION GUIDE and its SUPPLEMENTS -RECEIVING TUBE SUBSTITUTION GUIDEBOOK-FOURTH SUPPLEMENT by H. A. Middleton. Con-tains the latest receiving tube and picture tubesubstitutions. :139-4, $1.35.NOW TO USE GRID -DIP OSCILLATORS by RufusP. Turner KeAI. The first book ever devoted en-tirely to grid -dip oscillators tells you how to con-struct and use this very versatile instrument withbest possible results. Its very many applicationsare useful to service technicians. It is applicableto all kinds of radio receivers and transmitters,also to television receivers. The grid -slip oscillatoris a troubleshooting device-an adjusting device-s frequency measuring device-applicable to cir-cuits and components in circuits-to antennas;also a signal source of variable frequency. #245.

REPAIRING TELEVISION RECEIVERS, by CyrusGh..kst, n. The 111,,,I , suir r n sous pletely practicalbook, written by an expert with long experiencein television receiver repair. Devoted to trouble.shooting and repair techniques which are modern,yet down-to-earth. Covers the use of simple aswell as elaborate test equipment #191, Only $4.40.ADVANCED TV SERVICING TECHNIQUES, by Zbarand Schildkraut. A complete advanced TV servic-ing course, developed by the Radio -Electronics -Television Manufacturers Association. Shows howto use every conceivable type of test equipment,how to service every part of a TV receiver. Ex-plains latest techniques. Soft cover, 81/2" x 11".MAIN TEXT, 192 pp.. illus. #161, $3.60.LA$ORATORY WORKBOOK, 32 pp. #161-2, $.95.TV PICTURE TUBE -CHASSIS GUIDE, by Rider LabStaff. This easy -to -use TV tube type chassis guidecowers all picture tube types used in TV receiverproduction from 1946 to February 1957-over 7,000listings. Organized by chassis number, and in somecases, by models so that the technician can imme-diately locate the correct picture tube type simplyby knowing the chassis number, #204, Only $1.35.

POI. JOHN F. RIDER PUBLISHER, INC

Fam 116 West 11th Street. New York 11 N Y

;7,


CUT BACK

on CALL BACKS---wrovox

s)"'

AEROVOX

MICA

CAPACITORSWhy risk call backs when de-pendable Aerovox Mica Capaci-tors insure a stay -put repair job.Smart servicemen and techni-cians everywhere use anddepend on Aerovox mica capaci-tors for"trouble-free"operation.POSTAGE STAMP MICAS ... forall those applications where onlythe smallest axial lead units willdo. Perfect for horizontal andvertical oscillator requirements.All units color -coded andstamped .

HIGH VOLTAGE MICAS .. .

designed especially for TV andlow power transmitters. You'llfind the highest voltages avail-able in these small case sizes.Every unit is tested at twice therated voltage to insure long -life.Units color -coded and stamped.DIPPED -MICAS . . . superior inmany cases to conventionalmolded units. High operatingtemperatures, excellent long -Fifecharacteristics. Perfect forprinted -wiring assemblies.Smallest physical sizes with un-surpassed performance andstability features.For "off -the -shelf" delivery onall your capacitor requirementssee your local AerovoxDistributor.

AEROVOX CORPORATIONDISTRIBUTOR DIVISION

NEW BEDFORD, MASS.

NEW PRODUCTSFor More Information On

NEW PRODUCTS


Vaco SOFT FACE HAMMERFeatures include: Three interchange-

able screw -in replaceable tips, includ-ing nylon, that are shock -absorbing,non -slip and will not mar delicatesurfaces. They are chip -proof, flake -proof, mushroom -proof and will notchange shape and are 13/8" in diameter,%" thick and equipped with a plated

stud that extends outward 1/4". Thehammer has a shot -loaded head whichprevents rebound and adds 30% morepower to the drive. Overall length is123/4" with a 45/8" head including tips.$4.75. Vaco Products Co.. 317 E. OntarioSt., Chicago 11, Ill. (ELECTRONICTECHNICIAN 3-18)

JFD ANTENNASA newly designed series of eight

Banshee broad band TV antennas fea-ture completely preassembled "Quik-Rig" construction. Other advances in-clude 1" square heavy -wall crossarmswith capped ends for better rigidity.1/2" and 3/4" od preassembled dipolc

reinforced with heavy duty inserts atends for added strength and perman-ence, new improved element brackets,and wide-angle boom bracing for thelarger Banshee antennas. JFD Elec-tronics Corp., 6101 16th Ave., Brooklyn4, N. Y. (ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN3-6)

Kormat SOLDER DISPENSERA new wire soldering dispenser has

a push button feeder to supply thecorrect amount of solder for eachapplication. It provides for a selectionof attachments including straight orcurved probes in several lengths forhard -to -reach areas; and is equippedwith a 20' roll of 60/40 rosin core solderof .050" diameter wire. Flip action re-loads wire solder in seconds. The dis-penser will feed solder wire from .028"to .074" in diameter. Products For In-dustry, 220 S. Rose St., Los Angeles,Calif. (ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN3-11)

The Modern

"PUSH BUTTON"way to protect

ELECTRONIC PARTS!

Prevents corona in highvoltage section

Keeps lead-in connectionstight

Prevents rusting and pit-ting of antenna

Goes on in seconds-DRIES IN MINUTES

KRYLON

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Protect radio, TV and hi-fi equip-ment indefinitely against humidityand dust with Krylon Crystal -Clear,the modern "push button" acrylicspray. High dielectric strength, ex-cellent weatherproof qualities. Avail-able at your favorite radio -TV re-pair shop.

KRYLON, INC., Norristown, Pa.

Paint touch-up work easily, expertly, withKrylon Spray Paints-choice of 24 colors

IF YOU PRIZE IT...KRYLON-IZE IT!


BEST BUYS IN

TEST INSTRUMENTS

Praised by the experts Lifetime service guarantee Ruggedized mechanical design for utmost

accuracy & stability Only the latest, finest quality parts used

Color & Monochrome DC to 5 MC lab & TV5" Oscilloscope =460Wired $129.50 Kit $79.95Features DC amplifers; flat from DC to 4.5mc, usable to 10 mc.

TV -FM Sweep Generator & Marker =368Wired $119.95 Kit $69.95Entirely electronic sweep circuit with ac-curately biased increductor for excellentlinearity. Extremely flat RF output.

DynamicConductance Tube& TransistorTester -t=666

Wired $109.95Kit $69.95Tests all receivingtubes (picturetubes withadapter), n -p -n andp -n -p transistors.

Peak -to -PeakVTVM =232 &Uni-Probe (pat. pend.)Wired $49.95

Kit $29.95Uni-Probe - exclusivewith EICO - only 1probe performs allfunctions: half -turn ofprobe tip selects DCor AC -Ohms.

In stock at over 1500 distributors in the U.S. and Canada

IMPORTANT NOTE: All EICO kits builtaccording to our instructions, and allEICO factory -assembled equipment, con-

form to the high standards and specifica-tions published in EICO literature and

advertisements. All EICO factory -assembledequipment is completely and meticulously hand -wired throughout - no printed circuitry; eachfactory -assembled unit is 100% final -testedthroughout for each feature and function - no"spot" or "partial" checking. In EICO's final -test techniques, nothing is left to chance.

EICO, 33-00 Northern Blvd., L.I.C. 1, N. Y.See you at IRE Booth 3505

Switchcraft "SILENT PLUGS"Amplifier open circuit noises are

eliminated when plugs or connectorsare replaced with one of the new"Silent Plugs." A circuit closing device.built into the plug, closes the circuitautomatically and eliminates squeaks,hum and distorted noises which occurwhen the "hot" plug is touched,

151

bumped or dropped on the floor. PlugNo. 49 is a 2 -conductor plug with 2"long Bakelite handle, $1.50. No. 169has 1" long shielded handle. $1.75. PlugAdapter No. 341 has 2 -conductor jackinput to 2 -conductor plug output. $2.95.Switchcraft, Inc., 5555 N. Elston Ave.,Chicago 30, Ill. (ELECTRONIC TECH-NICIAN 3-17)

Motorola POWER TRANSISTORSNew low and high voltage military

type industrial power transistors, in3 -ampere ratings, are types 2N1359-60and 2N1362-65. These germanium, PNP,alloy junction devices, expand the firm'spresent 2N375 and 2N618 3 -ampere line.The high voltage types, with collector -base voltage ratings of 120 volts, andcollector -emitter ratings of 100 volts,

permit higher output voltages in tran-sistor regulated DC power supplies. Thelow voltage types, with breakdownvoltages as low as 50 volts, were in-troduced to permit power supply manu-facturers to economize by purchasingdevices without unneeded capabilities.Motorola, Inc., Semiconductor ProductsDiv., 5005 E. McDowell Rd., Phoenix,Arizona. (ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN3-30)

BEST BUYS IN CUSTOM

STEREO H141...

Praised by the experts Lifetime service guarantee Modern "low silhouette" horizontal chassis Easy console installation

FM Tuner HFT90 Wired $65.95' Kit $39.95'Cover $3.95. Less cover, FET included."One of the best buys." - AUDIOCRAFT

AM Tuner HFT94 W red $65.95 Kit $39.95Includes cover & FET."One of the best ideal for those wishing to addAM to their systems." - HI-FI SYSTEMS

FM/AM Tuner HFT 92 Wired $94.95Kit 559.95 Includes cover & FET

Stereo Dual Amplifier - Preamplifier HF81Wired $109.95 Kit $69.95"Outstanding quality . . . extremely versatile."

ELECTRONICS WORLD LAB TESTED

Stereo Dual Preamplifier 11F85Wired $64.95 Kit $39.95"Outstanding buy." THE AMERICAN RECORD GUIDE

Stereo Dual Power Amps28 -Watt Model HF86. 70 -Watt Model HF87Wired $74.95 Kit $43.95 Wired $114.95 Kit $74.95

3 -Way High FidelitySpeaker SystemSemi -Kits HFS-3 & HFS-5

Complete with factory -constructed enclosureEasy to assemble - nogluing or woodworking

NFS-3 unfinished birch,$72.50; walnut, mahoganyor teak, $87.50NFS5 unfinished birch,$47.50; walnut, mahogany orteak, $59.50.Other speaker system semikits from $39.95.

In stock at ever 1500 distributors in the U. S and Canada

EICO, 33-00 Northern Blvd., L.I.C. 1, N. Y. ET -3Show me how to save 50% on top quality: Hi-riO Test Instruments 0 Ham Gear. Send freecatalog and name of neighborhood EICO supplier. I

O Send free STEREO Hi-Fi Guide.

Name

Address.

City Zone StateAdd 5% in the West

Soo you at IRE Booth 3505


FOR P.A.OR TAPE

unlimited versatility . . .

exceptional performance . . .

long service life . . .

nominal cost . . .

N

controlled magnetic microphone by

SHUREStriking, streamlined unit deliver. tine voiceand music reproduction in dozens of publicaddress and home recording applications.Whether used indoors or out, in -the -hand,or on a desk or floor stand, you'll be impressedby its fine response, high output, ruggednessand beauty of design. The Commando offersyou such important features as dual impedmice, on -off switch, and cable connector.Patented controlled magnetic construction isunaffected by extremes of temperature andhumidity, can be depended on to maintainhigh level of quality through tough, sustainedusage, year after year.

the Commando is available in three models:

DELUXE Model "130"A dual -impedance unit with A25 swiveladapter, on -off switch, cable connector

list price $3850

LAVA LIER Model "420"A dual -impedance unit with lai,alier cord andclip assembly list price $3000

STANDARD Model "415"A high impedance unit with A25 swiveladapter list price 82750

SHUREwrite for free literature:

SHURE BROTHERS INC.222 Ilartrey Ave.

Evanston, Ill., Bella. 14-CManufacturers of world-famous Shiie High -

Fidelity Stereo Dynetic Phono Cartridges.

TV Antenna

(Continued from page 37)gain. Suspecting something intermit-tent, I checked the set over thor-oughly, lightly tapping r -f and i-ftubes, but no difficulties appeared.After allowing it to "cook" for sometime, I delivered the set to the cus-tomer. Again the screen was coveredwith snow! I tried to explain to thecustomer that the set worked per-fectly in my shop, but the customerwas, at best, a tolerant listener. Ibegan to wonder about it myself, asthe set went back to the shop.

On the bench I was again con-fronted with a perfect picture! Wildideas began circulating through myhead. Could the customer's feed -linebe off at the antenna terminals?Was the coax feed -line filled withwater? Nonsense! The set was oper-ating normally in the customer'shome only a few hours before. I de-cided that the difficulty was externalto the set and installed a completelynew feed -line from antenna ter-minals to the set.

With the new line connected the"snow" still appeared. That did it!It must be an intermittent in the set,I thought again.

to form, after the set wasback on the bench and connected tothe antenna, it operated perfectly.

Probing into the tuner with aVOM revealed an open r -f chokecoil in the cathode of the 6AB4 r -famplifier, illustrated in Fig. 2. Youare probably beginning to see theend of this ghastly story, as I didshortly thereafter.

You see, the customer used a coni-cal antenna. My antenna had afolded dipole driven element, allow-ing a closed loop for the 6AB4 cath-ode through the antenna and feed -line to chassis ground-even withthe r -f choke open. Under the samecondition, however, the conical didnot allow such a return and for allpractical purposes the r -f tube wasdead, having no cathode return.

The r -f choke was either inter-mittent prior to the service call oropened permanently when the chas-sis was first returned to the cabinetand the set switched on.-Dean A.Daleske, Eldora, Iowa..

TOUGH DOGS WANTED!

810 for acceptable items. Use drawings to illustratewhenever necessary. A rough sketch will do. Photosare desirable. Unacceptable items will be returned.Send your choice entries to "Tough Dogs" Editor,ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN, 480 Lexington Ave., NewYork 17, N. Y.

t.!..,_.zW7.".1,.:;:kr,-.7-

- -

"I once took a JENSENNEEDLE out of his paw."

TARZIAN Offers 48 -Hour,Direct Factory Service

on Tuner Repairs

I only

tiri$ 8 5 °_ tic,

Pr ice Ef I ect. 1960

That's right. Net, $8.50 per unit and $15 forUV combinations, including ALL replacementparts. 90 -day warranty against defective work-manship and parts failure. Tuners repaired onapproved, open accounts. Replacements of-fered at these prices* on tuners not repairable:

VHF 12 position tuner $22.00VHF 13 or 16 position 23.00VHF/UHF combination . . . 25.00UHF only 15.50

'Subject to change

Tarzian-made tuners are easily iden-tified by this stamping on the unit.When inquiring about service or re-

placements for other than Tarzian-madetuners, always give tube complement ... shaftlength ... filament voltage ... series or shuntheater ... IF frequency, chassis identificationand allow a little more time for service. Usethis address for fast, 48 -hour service:

SARKES TARZIAN, Inc.Att.: Service Mgr., Tuner Division

East Hillside DriveBloomington, Indiana


INDEX TO ADVERTISERS

March, 1960

Aerovox Corp.Agency: Lescarboura Advertising, Inc.

American Television & Radio Co. 89Agency: Firestone -Goodman Adv Agency

Atlas Sound Corp. 80Agency: Zam & Kirshner, Inc.

B & K Manufacturing Co. .. 25, 56, 57Agency: Henry H. Teplitz Adv Agency

Belden Manufacturing Co. 15Agency: The Fensholt Co.

B londer -Tongue Laboratories, Inc. 81Agency: Jack Gilbert Associates

Burgess Battery Company 27Agency: Kane Advertising

Bussmann Manufacturing Co. 30Agency: Henderson Advertising Co.

Castle TV Tuner Service 84

86

CBS Electronics 20, Cover IIIAgency: Bennett & Northrop, Inc.

Centralab Div., Globe -Union, Inc. .. 8Agency: Stral Advertising Co.

Channel Master Corp.Agency: Duso Advertising, Inc.

Chemical Electronic Engineering, Inc. 76Agency: Madison Advertising Agency

Chicago Miniature Lamp Works 83Agency: Merchandising Advertisers, Inc.

Cleveland Institute of Electronics 11Agency: The Bruthers Co.

Colman Tool & Machine Co.Agency: Bob Boyle Advertising

Cornell-Dubilier Electric Corp. 51, 52, 53Agency: Friend -Reiss Advertising Inc.

Duotone Co.Agency: Halsted & Van Vechten, Inc

9

Littelfuse, Inc. Cover IIAgency: Burton Browne Advertising

Mallory & Co., Inc., P. R. 2, 3Agency: The Aitkin-Kynett Co., Inc.

Mercury Electronics Corp. 10Agency: Nat Kermin Adver-ising

Mosley Electronics, Inc.Agency: H. George Bloch, Inc.

Moss Electronic, Inc.Agency: Bass and Co., Inc.

Motorola Inc., Parts & Accessories 28Agency: Leo Burnett Co., Inc.

Ohmite Manufacturing Co. 70Agency: The Fensholt Adv. Agency

Olson Radio Corp. 84Agency: Wilson & Wagoner Advertising

Oxford Components, Inc. 74Agency: Sander Rodkin Adv Agency

Perma-Power Co.Agency: Stral Advertising Co

Philca Corp. 17, 18, 19Agency: Maxwell Associates, Inc.

Pickering & Co.Agency: Greene -Posner, Inc.

Planet Sales Corp.Agency: Gordon A. Pihl & Assoc

Precision Tuner Service

70

59

26

72

58

77Radio Corporation of America Cover IV

Agency: Al Paul Lefton Co.

Rider Publisher, Inc., John F. 85Agency: Jack Gilbert Associates

Seco Manufacturing Co. 6Agency: Firestone -Goodman Adv Agency,Inc.

82 Sencore 71, 73, 75, 77Agency: R. N. Johnson Advertising

Shell Electronic Mfg. Corp.Agency: Robert Orchant

84 Sherwood Electronic Laboratories, Inc.Agency: Burton Browne Advertising

EICO 87Agency: Zam & Kirshner, Inc.

Electro Products Laboratories 76Agency: Robertson, Buckley & Gotsch, Inc.

Electro-Voice, Inc. 64, 65Agency: The Jaqua Company

Entron, Inc.Agency: S. Gunnar Myrbeck & Co., Inc

G -C Electronics Co. 13Agency: Paul J. Steffen Co.

General Electric Co. .. 4, 5, 22, 23, 63Agency: Maxon, Inc.

General Electric Co., TV Receivers 90Agency: Young & Rubicam, Inc.

Hickok Electrical Instrument Co. 55Agency: Ritchie & Sattler, Inc.

I -H Manufacturing Co.Agency: Zam & Kirshner, Inc.

Institute of Radio Engineers 81Agency: Raymond Schoonover Advertising

78

62

International Resistance Co. 84Agency: Arndt, Preston, Chapin, Lamb& Keen, Inc.

Jackson Electrical Instrument Co. 80Agency: R. L. Conhairn Advertising

Jensen Industries, Inc.Agency: Wright, Campbell & Suitt, Inc

Jerrold Electronics Corp.Agency: Irving Gould Advertising

JFD Electronics Corp.Agency: Delphi Advertising Inc.

Krylon, Inc.Agency: Gray & Rogers

88

16

12

86

Shure Brothers, Inc.

14

68

88Agency: William Hart Adler, Inc.

Sonotone Corp.Agency: Doherty, Clifford, Steers &Shenfield, Inc.

Sprague Products Co.Agency: The Harry P. Bridge Co.

Sylvania Div., General Telephone &ElectronicsAgency: Kudner Agency, Inc.

Tarzian, Inc., SarkesAgency: H. L. Ross Advertising

29

21

Triad Transformer Corp.Agency: Fletcher Richards, Calkins &Holden, Inc.

Tung -Sol Electric Inc.Agency: E. M. Freystadt Assoc., Inc.

United Catalog PublishersAgency: Jack Gilbert Associates

Vaco Products Co.

69

88

24

67

66

83Agency: O'Grady -Andersen -Gray, Inc.

V -M CorporationAgency: Mayer-Klann-LinaburyAdvertising, Inc.

Winegard Co.Agency: Gourfain-Loeff, Inc.

Xcelite, Inc.Agency: Harold Warner Co.

Zalytron Tube Corp.Agency: Bergman Advertising Agency

While every precaution is taken to insureaccuracy, we cannot guarantee against thepossibility of an occasional change or omis-sion in the preparation of this index.

7

79

54

82

r

"A' BATTERY

For

Demonstratingand

Auto RadiosIesting

OR VIBRATOROPERATED

TRANSISTOR!

Volt or 12 Volt`.B

tow ModelsDesigned

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Equippedwith Full

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TYPEINPUT

A.c volts60 Cycles

D.C. OUTPUT

SIT!: USERVOLTS AMPERESCont. Int.

610C-ELIF 1106 10

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620C -FLIT 1106 20

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V NEW .'r101 r.. \ NEW DESIGNS N, NEW LITERATURE "A-8 i-e'y E -,nators DC AC Inverters Auto Rad,o Vibrators

AMERICAN TELEVISION IL RADIO Co.

Prdef.er., Si.ece /93/SAINT PAUL 1, MINNESOTA, U. S. A.


"The 'Designer' is the

LEAST TROUBLESOME SET

says Bob Wauganman of Bob's Television,9518 Madison Street, Cleveland, Ohio.

"Speaking of the General Electric 'Designer'," saysBob Wauganman of Bob's Television in Cleveland,Ohio, "there probably isn't an easier set on themarket today to service.

"We can do 90% of shop work without removingthe set from the cabinet, and we find that, becauseGeneral Electric licked the heat dissipation prob-lem, 'Designers' last longer and suffer less break-down.

"We have very few service calls on 'Designers'.Those that we do have are easily corrected. Thisgives us lots of time to get in more calls per day and,

" N.,g tt*

we have ever serviced,"

of course, it helps us to make more money, too.""Designer" Tubes are directly replaceable, fuses

accessible, and you easily get at the key checkpoints. Another thing: the painted schematic onthe boards helps you find your way around quickly.Again, more calls per day-and more money.Precision Etched Circuitry is used in all"Designer" sets and is reliable and uniform so thatwhen you have serviced one you will never have topuzzle over the next one.

"Designer" TV-called the easiest -to -service setin television! General Electric Company, TelevisionReceiver Department, Syracuse 8, New York.

73vgress /s Our Most /mporiant Product

GENERAL ELECTRIC

90 ( 110 pages in this issue, including Circuit Digests) ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN March, 1960

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r VII R

VHFTUNER

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9401 F402470K (LINK)

IR 26 GAUGE

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4 C404=800

4

12Q(1.)CloOLB,

350V

15V

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4 7

VI2 V13 V i5 V46067 6D064 64X4 6826

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1.0V

101026086

5

B + 2

2 75 v8 + 3

12V

0.1V

m-366602w

+ 275VB + 3

5000

Ci66470

1

86166

V6B1/26c08CLIPPER

96Vr -

V.

3T3v

I35V

7154AUDIO TAKE -OFF

B 4 5 MC TRAP

ci5

B

135V

.--C 702.4V ,s9 OK

cam.' 1162Ti"

TO PIN IOf v

M 2.6n1

0172,,, L161

141]

R175,I7K R177CONTRAST 18K

RC201

C202800

75V

168

122K

R201468Kvv%

R2010b13Kvv.

C2014150

ov L _0 _

R25I68

C25560K gY2514

R252 Y25390K I

21V

TEST

*9*150y

Q5.!

R2531.5M

V12A1/2 6CG7NOR. M.V.

03.= Rof

C254-820

Pc. NT ffi

1_251HOR1Z STAB-4Er-

R25115K

OV

C256-

IW5%

7V3

R256C257820

IM

20

I/

9258?62K5%

R20?247K

Sk NsrIICsR2sic8 100K

0 1

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13+1

DE

+275VB + 3

R257INHORI271805

IIV

R26233K

8261143K

9259 0263820 8205%

r

V12 BI 2 6(67HOP.

C2595000

159820 ur

17f1

817456007W

+275V8+3

VIOAI/2 6DN7

VERT. OSC.

R20968Kan

Isoy

Ov8203 R207

IN 9-HOLD

1081/2 6DN7

VERT. OUTPUT

R210 R2ii1.8M 56K

W

I.5M

820 R206400K =C06

540V HE! e C,o, .027R205150K

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60VI3064HOP. OUTPUT

4264

r 470-11

J

I5V

J

R265I 0

4

02649

7251

350T1.254100.

R26612K2W

C2615K

7

2

V

550V

Ov

GENERAL ELECTRICTV Chassis M569Models CS732M8V,CS732M9V

PICTURE TuBE

FQ-V100

1.41/111181

i7OLP417DSP4

R179220K

7

655v '

2 5v 8v

.1--51201SPARKGA

;200K135v BRIGHTNESS

8+1

440V-*

R2I63.3M

B + BOOST E +4 560V

T201BLUE

24ifl

REV

V142000v H. V. 3RGEicT.

350f1

l7f1

2

VERT.YOKE

R2I3IK

R2I4?IK

L252100

WHITE

rWIDTM5250

2804Xv

V1563014

0 DAMPERL253

i5 HOR.YOKE 400V

21855515X

imFO(X.15

+ I35VB+1

R217680K

C210015

R2672200

+ 275V8+ 3

F251375

AMP.

C262.056600V B 4

HOR. BLANKING

5KV

Electronic Technician

CIRCUIT 5/1DIGEST %a

An Editorial Service of ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN, INC. 480 Lexington Ave., New York 17, N.Y.

A K

I -F BOARD COMPONENT LOCATIONS AS VIEWED FROM COMPONENT SIDE

3

4

5

6

7

9

10

SWEEP BOARD COMPONENT LOCATIONS AS VIEWED FROM COMPONENT SIDE

GENERAL ELECTRICTV Chassis M569Models CS732M8V,CS732M9V


CIRCUIT DIGEST

554

*1*2*3*4*5

ASTERISKED (*) NUMBERSDENOTE WIREWRAP TERMINALS MOUNTED ONCCWIPONENT BOARD TO CONNECT WIRES FROMOTHER COMPONENTS

TO R203, VERT HOLD CONTROLTO T201 (BLUE LEAD)TO 7201 (YELLOW LEAD)TO C40IC 1+135V 8+1)TO 7401 (RED/BLACK LEAD).TO AC INTERLOCK

*6 TO C40113 (+275V 8+3)*7 TO R203. VERT. HOLD CONTROL

ICENTFR TERM ITO kg ON 1-F BOARDTO (1,10 ON I -F BOARD

*8*9

CIRCLED LETTERSREPRESENT INTERCONNECTING WIRESSOLDERED INTO BOARD

0 TO SHIELD OF 0O TO VHF TUNER- TF OUTPUT SHIELD© TO CAC:HBOO TO R175 CONTRAST CONTROL

O TO 8175 CONTRAST CONTROLO To *9 ON SWEEP BOARD1v10.PIN 71

BY 515Q. CApAciT055 L1511.152

C8C8

WARRIORS 0151 AB 1.153 117

C152 C9 1.15A 080150 *8 C153 B6 L155 0138151 C7 C158 09 L156 *5152 In c155 A7 L157 P75153 57 C156 P7 1.158 P58154 08 C157 119 1.159 185155 07 0158 I9 1.161 1.18156 P6 C159 15 L162 cr0157 06 C160 17 1.163 118

0158 07 0161 1113 3151P7*159 A5 C162 07 7152 28

016o /7 1163 I* T158 IAR161 26 0161; 02 7301 02R62 116 C1R1163 02 C167 0tt25 RC 1151'W01640165

4.6NI C1691.3 5C156 - *1

11167 P3 C170 *5 scyok - 01*168 P4 1172 1.38169 1.3 1174 P5 MEW01705171

P755

13011302

12K2 v3(60,6) - 17

5172 05 C305 P2 VA(WIZA) - 1535174 1306 Py - 17*1775179

1113

C307C309

DyCl

V6(6CX8 - TF3

V7 6A06 - 1353065307

P3P2

13101311

B253

4 8 GM - D2v9 6C135) - 58

5311 A2 1312 A5*312 C2 C1102 116 DIODE5313 Al 1404 B3

1151 - 075314 Cl11315 By COILS A8316 CA newsKiests ran11317 DA

1.150 - Ag P402 - P28318 D65320 22

WRY POINTS

II - 1.1 III - P6 IV - 1.1

BY SYMBOL R253 - G7R254 - F7

C207 - F4C208 - D2

RESISTORS R255 - 16 C209 - J2R256 - 19 C210 - Il

R202 - B8 R257 - 110 C251 - F6R204 - El0 R258 - J9 C252 - F5R205 - F10 R259 - 18 C253 - F7R206 - D3 R260 - H9 C254 - E7R207 - D3 R261 - F9 C255 - F8R208 - B10 R262 - E9 C256 - D8R209 - F2 R263 - F9 C257 - J7R210 - Br; R401 - C8 C258 - K5R211 - D1 C259 - G10R212 - F3 CAPACITORS C263 - H10R215 - J4

C202 - G3R216 - J4 COILS &R217 - 13 0203 - A6 TRANSFORMERSR218 - H2 C204 - D5

L251 - K7R251 - G6 C205 - F3R252 - G5 C206 - G4

*10. TO VI6, PIN 1TO 6)3, PIN 7

*II TO R264*12 TO TERM 4 Of YOKE, TO C265*13 TO 1201 (RED LEAD), TO TERM 3 OF YOKE*14 GROUND TERM. FOR FOCUS JUMPER*15. +275V 8+3 TERM. FOR FOCUS JUMPER016. TO VI6, PIN 3*17. TO TERM 7 ON 1251*I8. TO TERM. 8 ON T25)

TO VI6, PIN 6

SPARK GAP

SG201 - H4

TEST POINTS

VI - G6VIII - 16IV - C9

RCNETWORKS

RC201 - C7

DIMES

Y251A - H5Y251B - H6

vo4 FRONT

KOS

.LESS OTHERn K0,10CnLITOIn ben TO. i1001C111.,01 LEW TOM Sr

III *VT 1000 .000.000SINITCAS HIRED E1101 nowtCI NUM Yuen nC.N.1

MITCH S.. IN CHANNELPOS1TIOK

CORY.. .10WITH YOLUGEtavkISSIESWIEDELL 070(0 vOLY.ISMT.

$401.mowAPPLICIn/vOLT NOMA

ASTERISKED (*) NUMBERSANNE WIRE WRAP TERMINALSMOUNTED ON COMPONENT BOARDTO CONNECT WIRES FROM OTHERCOMPONENTS

K I TO VHF TUNER FILAMENTS*2 TO R319 VOLUME CONTROL* 3 TO CONTRAST CONTROL TERMINAL

BOARD, TERMINAL I

*4 TO 8319 VOLUME CONTROL*5 TO C313*6 TO T303*7 FOR TESTING Bet VOLTAGE*6 TO VHF TuNER,AGC TERMINAL*9. TO 8319 VOLUME CONTROLRIO TO C313 GROUND TERMINAL ,C40ICA,

AND R1B0 BRIGHTNESS CONTROLK 11 TO GREEN LEAD ON POWER

TRANSFORMER*12 TO 8180 BRIGHTNESS CONTROL*13 TO PICTURE TUBE SOCKET -PIN 7*14 CONNECT TO *16 WITH FILAMENT

erFUSE WIRE. 26*15 TO C40ID-

16. CONNECT TO *14 WITH FILAMENTFUSE WIRE 26 GUAGETO GREEN Ek WHITE LEAD ONPOWER TRANFORMER

*17 TO *8 ON SWEEP BOARD (ON RC201)

rS

5401r --

TO REMOVE THE CHASSIS FROM THE CABINET

Remove the knobs from the shafts on the front ofthe cabinet. Disconnect any antenna connected tothe antenna terminal board. Remove the cabinetbeck by taking out the screws securing the back tothe cabinet, the interlock bracket, end the anten-na bracket. Remove the speaker lleds from thespeaker Connect one end of lead to thechassis end touch the other end to the anode ofthe picture tube to discharge it, Remove the an-ode lead from the picture tube by squeezing theanode clip and withdrawing it from the tube. Re-move the screws from the bottom of the cabinetwhich hold the chassis. Remove the picture tubesocket. Loosen the yoke clamp and slide the yokeback over the neck of the picture tube. Removethe chassis from the cabinet.

TO RIME THE PICTURE TUNE

Remove the chassis from the cabinet as describedabove. After removing the chassis, position thecabinet face down on a soft clean cloth. Loosenthe two self tapping screws at the top and bottomof the picture tube sling. Disengage the slingfrom the four hooks and remove the picture tube.To reassemble the picture tube, reverse the a-

bove procedure making sure that the picture tubeanode button is located at that end of the cabinetfarthest from the control panel.

More Data on Reverse Side

its

,I.111.ELD

rE.10 COM

.S.RTE COILLEIN LESSNO011i VIRT

.R7 souqTIN

N._E3 WYK. rmayistT.,

110SRL0,11.(trIK EN4Y

MAKE YOKE KILKISTSIE,With SPRING 13 10570511100

WITSMOVE 104114TMISSECURE YOKE

YORK CL,OJ

MAMMON UOCLO

00011( t.IAMrCR

VII v4141.00.

m.ssiv

1

RIM220

V 2AI, SENO

OSC

os-tn

TUBE AND ADJUSTMENT LOCATIONS

N., -)E5

ISK

3 WAR

POI

#2REAR

Ill 611.ca

*0 84.155v

,

CIS

1111.111.1.OtS.STO

1i.

275v

VHS 11..;'"ZS ge.LOCAL RPM

In zie'

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM WT88X82 VH ' TUNER

5+1350W-L._"e,7r ee.V111

voLTS in KILTSSc *q.t.&

An Editorial Service of ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN, INC. r 480 Lexington Ave., New York 17, N.Y.

0I

(VIDEO

TUNER

I0I

I 7

1

10

1

IF PANEL

4OR-BLUE2 4275MC.5 .511

X3 X7il.. OR- BR---n

, -RED wm

VC4

X6ORTELYE

VC3

:A25 22i(

.13RN VCIlin 4 1-5

.5-3 1-5 C94251.001

MC GMVC5 JVC2 TRAP

13 3 7_47.25 MC- = TRAP

( AOJ2

BO

HV RPSC.PS

COI AGC

01-- 8 2600

E or -

J1

441 PIP15750 CPS

VR6VERT.HOLD

75K

1130,42,..20

VR2VERT.

LIN.

EI-365011Fsov I

25V PI100CPS

411/HOR OSC.

POINT °TEST L36

VR5HOR. L29HOLD --

+ 260V 0138E2-220LIF350V 1

6 3VACA -

R13

6DE61ST VIF

531100

5

45.0 MC

3_2R75Kqqqqd

2J17.:

2 '68C80

41C4

147°R8

1K _ = 1K

IF AGC L7-

25A/

5

68

6DE62ND VIF

S2

120V

RII .87!sox

TGMV

01 2

1 _NI

R415K

7 20v

March 1960

42.73mc 1/2 6AM8A3RD VIF

T2 SI

C6.1680

Cl2.001-rGMV.J_

6

44 4MC 1/2 6AM8A

TIVID.DET.

SI135V

3_135

CI1.20 1

1560/R6 00112° IGV RI

IK 330

CH -=

R7 NI

RIO22K RI2

220K

0L5C43 C42

-i(iv.C°.1

200V

+ 260VAP,

CIO5

7

8

X2 I.2nCH8

R2 L2


CIRCUIT DIGEST

/7761.18I SIF

57

6

50v

3 50v

2

2.6v

R31 I C27

47010047

GMV

AUDIOTEST POINT

13 L2432-4745-2

-2)

188.1 I2114r fT,

__YT,it_ _ ov

R3991C29122K I 115K 11501

1 coat ooel]EW J 200VLI

R43150

N4

74V

5

6C S6SOUND

DISC.S67 ov

R3S C24 1.0033

1C47022

R2.2240 161TRCIWV52267 1 2C2712

270 .00155% I GMV

R

T4QUAD3.411

.= R25180K

GMV

6805AUD. OUT.

S4

+ 14OV

2W680

PHILCOTV Chassis 10L41 8U,10L42 &U, 10L43 &U

vneVOLUME

112¢+TI RED AOT SPKR

R19CI8 I S 1-211.f

.0047 = 350VA

WR5, 3 OK' 7W

C2 330.001-GMV,

...Imo H444,.....-.........

4 Le2111L.10.- SOV P/P '1r .-.". ri -

E2-320

350V

4100.740/

C40 1 SOCPS- 22I 100V N330 6030-7- VERT. INTEGRATOR-410....c, 90(3,_0_34

v.005 517/04

7,--. ISOC.

.343K 600 I C16 my

1 11-.0068400V1 R14

2 100V33K IS

IOUS 15 ID 501:

1/2 6DR7VERT. OSC.

S5

L8L40L2I

L9

L

2201

LSV

PPP

515075

05V1SEL DIODESPHASE COMP

5 .001 -1-1(c.

A.7

1.2MEG

"2

6

CI

1/2 6CG7 T7 HHOR. O

0KSC. R44

2se1

1 2K>v

C321.003982K

.Aics,ov57v ne

N5 .15,750

30-603 -2 0P5

1W

--`4375T

7vR 71.0K

68K Tcx2200c1(

.0015

'ke I8-6509-1, I.5M

1

" '5 '5C C P S ' I /2 60R7CI0045 VERT 01.....ITAI

S5---) I 260V t 1

1KV

RING. COIL

Oiy3r- fi

C37.0039 I

600V 6.8K10% 20%

33K

C36390

C31.01200V

VR 1 -11. F 1 1 1006HORCENT.

-19vR2I100

CI9

461ov

1W

R231.5

MEG

RI7100K

IW

C25

T .022400V

5R.

220K ;:23 I.5 MEG_1(>7IrA(.0033

2-7.5v

1/2 6AW8ASYNC SEP.

59

3 5V

N66, 30-6532-3-

3306 1.0 MEG 2

azo

39K

N719030-6531-2

-14.5V 7

R4656"

719015.755CPS

10390

K

.0033

C2t--22100V

R55 R50470K 560K

R492.7 MEG

;1. saver 11

1/2Se6CG7 i!13,750CPS

HOP. OSC.

+26C/V/

AGC

L.0INTERLOCK

60q./117V D

WI

R59470K

ON -OFFSW

W

C41

W

P4, FUSF

BLK -WH 268VCRT FIL.

BLKFC PILOTIHY LIGHT400

r-EILUE - +275V

BLUE

504GBLV RECT.

513

7AFUSE

ME2- 4401,1F

1350V

I E2 -I8011F

1350V.= 0

POWER SUPPLY FORCHASSIS 10141.

SEE INSET TO RIGHTFOR 0.42 B 101.43RECTIFIER CIRCUIT.

IAI

VOS PANEL

4p_5 41j1

556DR7

7I LB

S46805

221

4f13-=

566056

511

4p5

57608

4 '')5

511 9 S860A4 6D06A 6AW8A 6CG7

R523.3

MEG

VX. :PS

C39.018 GMV

rr-1(

2MEG

L17

L11 +275V

vi -e, re oaf WPTON go cps

3

13 I I

R34

16C 3 3

1

R33

8flofiaL6

4, CRTFIL

4;XL T 32 I

,L28

1/2 6AW8AV10.00T. 9 Km

59

135y a -

R53

22XI 0 LIHE 680K

R563.9M ,

R573.3K

R3822K

.3v 7

6

1W C385% -.owe

I 200v10% = R42

I8K105V

1/2 6U8NOISE

INV.57

R3C)168KA.. 17v8

R3512

MEGA

R26 >4 3K5%

8

-C34

.002

-16V

R4I2:2MEG

R51 7 0"

RANGE SWITCH110

NORMAL- CLOSEDSTRONG - OPEN

swi

Li

S3 2 I

613E6 6DE6 6AMst BAI IST VIF C3

I

.1- 001

'Guy _I

( R36j 12

1.33 MEG IL"--0-0--L32 L39

VR81.5 MEG

CONTRAST

I- VIDEO I F PANEL -IXi

I 4Th 314 FIL 4/)5ICHOKE


R371.8

MEG

L30

6v

15,73005

E1

U.5

R5868

X102201114

R45I.8K2w

WR

11 3t

1.18 vR7200K

BRIGHT

R32100K

R202206

L221

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4.16 L417W

?soy ep

4,-41 MEGS4i L27

L25

EI-1i0µF

.1450V

21EVP4(SEE SPECS PAGE 1

3

HV 15KV

OGII

OL25OPTIONAL FORBEST FOCUS

V 0 T WHITE

RED P-9

303 (.2.5 10IL

r -R636 80y.6

BLUE6TOY

HEIGHT HOT

Y-4

PA I BLACK

60066 2730HOR. OUT. 5

511 601144 DAMPER170v S70

I 3:n

XI?RFC

+275V

C20.022400VT10% I

R22100K

1W

R29 J,180K $

I W

_L

XI3RFC

I an

L23

R54 RISA

260V 390 5.6KIW 2W Z.008

CI3

41L 44100-

P

VR35 /0L43.120SK

LIO3 WIDTH

Y-

VERT. YOKER64

THERIAISTOR

1G3GTHV RECT.

512

HOR.YOKE

10

iL 46

2 10141-10L42 .135

+275V

10L42 a 10L43 RECTIFIER CIRCUIT.



CIRCUIT c55DIGEST %a

-tcn -o

o go zorn co -4

+

00

gi 4

030+0

00O

O

rg

co

TO

h

A

uz

Qi 01

o

go)Z00)A5A mooono)

co -4

-4 0 Zo 171U1 0 Pow 13< (:). ,_ 7.4

2-=. o'a';',CD Ho m (i)+ -1 71 .<I

0

rsa (n<-<-zOMm>,

03Ew X400)mr IFTRAP-o-I

O-

r)Ar

Z1yi (-)A

13

ry

T

DPP

S3-4 -I

rn

- -n?r=

<<mm137J0'H-10 Cr'

2/ LK0-48

tp

0 T4

30011ANT

INPUT

X55 IF TRAP1E-rilf\-)CI5

4f2_a_

T2 _=

12

Ti

CI4 5C3 )

23

SO

WS5013

CLOSE- D ONCHANNELI

(UHF)

aB

7

CH -6

F65

C/C2_L_)nellr

0.8-3

23 0 xI 250vISO 6

7 ow

6BC8RF

S2T

100 0 L54-± CI7

CLOSED ON ± .22CHANNEL -

(UHF)

VHF -UHF TUNERT -101A, D, OR E

ALL SYMBOLS SHOULD BE SUFFIXEDWITH THE LETTER "T"

SIT1/2 6X8MIXER

220K1R2

C6C7 -39T5 0 VCII R3 -e i470K 5% 0.8-3.0 -----VW

W S3 WS2 -

BOV

I35V

179CH-I3

5

C16330

R111500

WS5

J3TO UHF

TUNER IFOUTPUT

X3

Wila CLOSED ONI PILOT

6 -8v0 CHANNEL I5.0 - LAMP

(UHF))0,4) PL2

L5.A

R12150K) 3 - L3

V -.--) 110001000

ANTINPUT3000

PHILCOTV Chassis 101.41 &U,101.42 AU, 10143 AU


CIRCUIT DIGEST

555

WS5BLUE

R4470K5%Cl150

10KRIO

13

7

CH -66

GIMMICKWIRE

crig

CIO001

R71 5K

65V

X2

II( 150

L6 _=

55VTill/col-13 CoI 'moot,:713 1(

'off10

<3.1,12

aBre

SIT1/? 6XR

OSC

R647K2W

T3

458m.c

IFOUTPUT

JACKC12 ,-

680 JI

T16 CH -616

WSI VC3FINE

T5 CH-13TUNING

* USED IN10L42U WITH

INDIVIDUALFINE TUNINGONLY VC4

LI 27

RI

10K

C92.2

100 A.RIA13

RBA

1800 WITH INDIVIDUALR9 10L42U

t..>.--4"

TI220 R8 T--1(---*$ 39 01

L411 56K 1

Air PA .0-

80 68K C5IW

IW FINE TUNING WH AGC

L4 L8

1470K

--=1 ycy I.0 -ii

T28 C OR D 1

, CIC 4.0UHF L__ -, VCI

1 TUNER:=-- - -- --. -_-

ALL SYMBOLS SHOUU)BE SUFFIXED WITH LETTER U'.

XTAL3013c5i65 v iliOv

- 22-4-

114

RI -=

1

0 0

L6

56R2K L3

1-=1

IOW

1,7

JI IFOUTPUT

1000

6T

4 3

C _11000

R4U12K4W

511468C8S2T

11000L7

BROWN6 3V AC

_L1

C7T


BROWN


6 -By PILOT L- AMP

260VORANGE8+

2POWERPLUG

J2

6X8[-)I11000 = SIT

L2

0

0

3.011 :MU

1.711

L2

0.211

012N4I2CONY

1.9 V

R26800

RI22K

_s_

R5%4o

,--st

T I05C

5.7V 4 n8.0111

f511005

8 7578 9

OUTPUT

NO SIGNALSO M100 Mw300W W

R32700

C3

083458 5.7.,OVERLOADLIMITER

022N4101st I F AMP

0.4 11

.14

0.8y

BATTERYCURRENT

10 M 32 M 42 M 66 m A

R21100

EARPHONE CONNECTIONOnly a high impedance ear-phone (approx. 2000 ohms)should be connected into theearphone jack.

TOPHONES

JACK BL

r--

CI7ACI7B 2N07408

OUTPUT

C94.7

5.41113

3

v0lI140

_I-

L211

C706

R61006

85330

C 18VCI3.05

Q52N406DRIVER

032N 4 I 02nd 1 F AMP

CIO3.3

TV

0.511

CI!.05

RII6800

R922K

R83900

E

9V

5.8 11CR1

T4DETECTOR_2--1 1

r0_3_ 14

Lie 6 5 501

1.011

I.L V

C12.05

RIO560

LI FERRITE ANTE NNA

16, fill111111111101111H221

,

R7 STU FIN L2 FIN LIL2

1500 Sr

TRANSISTORS

B INDEX DOT

TERMINAL VIEW

042N406

A.F. AMP

CI5 CRI

6125000

VOLUMECONTROL

C15.33

TI OSC COIL

JI FORRK2194 EARPHONE

04 052N406 2N406A F AMP 60, DRIVE54Ftv

RI3186

R1482K

BLUE

N1 .I3V

IA V s'"--

2.

33R15

3300

R16270

',REDBLK

1.3 V

2

250

1401)TOTAL

C I7A100MF

CI7BT 100MFINDEX 00T

SEC Si 3SEC FIN

55

pat FIN2

PRI ST 2 I SEC TAP

TERMINAL VIEW TERmINAL viEw

VOLTAGES MEASURED WITH -vOLTOHNIST FROM 1+1B ATTERY. SNOULD HOLD WITHIN 20% WITH NEW BATTERIES.VOLUME CONTROL AT MINIMUM AND NO SIGNAL .1000 ALL RESISTANCE VALUES IN OHMSALL CAPACITANCE VALUES LESS THAN 10 ARE IN MFTHOSE ABOVE 1.0 ARE IN IA mi EXCEPT AS NOTED

Schematic Diagram

032N4102ND. I.F.

Q22N4I01ST. I.F.

R188200

062N408OUTPUT

072N408

4

OUTPUT

5.8 V

RI98200

817100

5.8V

ELECTRONIC om

TECHNICIAN 330CIRCUIT DIGEST

RCATransistor Radio1-T-4 Series

5-1ON VOL

\CONTROL

3iPM SPKR

!son (CT)VOICE COIL

J2 I RED 14CHARGE 6.0VINPUT DC

BLK T (4 CELLSV5034I

March 1960

Q83458

OVERLOADLIMITER

ss ..R21

T1(osc)

2NQ1412

CONVERTER

C4

02N406 6

OUTPUT

ris

BLK. RED BLK.

SPEAKER

BATT.

1045000-1

Chassis Wiring and Components - View from Wiring Side

The assembly represented above is viewed from the wiring side ofthe board.

The printed wiring, on the near side of the board, is presented in-phantom- view superimposed on the component layout of the reverseside.

An Editorial Service of ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN, INC. or 480 Lexington Ave., New York 17, N.Y.

JCHARGER

INPUT

TRANSISTOR COMPLEMENT(1) RCA 2N412 Converter(2) RCA 2N410 tat I -F Amp.(3) RCA 2N410 2nd I -F Amp.(4) RCA 2N406 A F Amplifier(5) RCA 2N406 Audio Driver(6) RCA 2N408 Push-pull Output(7) RCA 2N408 Push-pull Output(8) RCA 3458 Overload Limiter

Type 1N60 Crystal Diode 2nd Detector

POWER OUTPUTUndistorted 300 milliwattsMaximum 400 milliwatts

BATTERIESINSERTEDHERE

BATTERY INSTALLATION

I

I- -f

BLACK

"RED

CASE FRONT--"'

4 MERCURY CELLS -TYPE VS313

CAUTION

The Iwo insulating tubes used to hold the batteries mustnot have reversed contacts. The long PLASTIC LUG of theinner contacts must fit into the METAL GUIDE toward theCASE SIDE.

The NEGATIVE CONTACT LEAD (BLACK) must be towardthe CASE BACK.

T1(osc

600 KCROCK GANG

012N412

CONVERTER

FERRITEANTENNA

821

Q83458

OVERLOADLIMITER

117

T2

O455 KC

C 1 A (FRONT)

C I B (REAR)

R'wC3 f1620 KC

Q22N4101ST I F.

OSC.

ANT

C21400 KC

6®

CHASSIS REMOVALCare must be used whenremoving the dial knob toprevent damage to the cir-cuit board.The knob can be removedonly by first removing the

J2CHARGER

INPUT

BATTERIESINSERTED,HERE

Q32N410

2ND. I F

I -T-4 Series -Model I -T -4E

Model I -T -4H -Model 1-T-41

The "Hawaii"- Antique White

Light Turquoise- Charcoal Gray

it+

+1 1-

CASE FRONT-"

BLACK

RED

4 PENLITE CELLS -TYPE VS034 orVS334OR RECHARGEABLE RCB -3

T4

0455 KG

ti

CI6

RI

Q42N 406

A F AMP

R19RIB

Q 6214408OUTPUT

Chassis Layout - View

three chassis mountingscrews and then gentlypulling the chassis assemblyaway from the case front.Rock the chassis while pull-ing on the case and chassisassembly.

Q72N408

OUTPUT

Q52N406DRIVER

T5DRIVER TRANS.

from Component Side


CIRCUIT 56DIGEST a


CIRCUIT DIGEST

LINKMOWN

INUNE

POSITION

lilyAC

r

F M TUNER

1/212DTSPL-FAMP. CONVERTER

SWIOFF -ON

C3- SOOSSW

R2VIXVN,

T1WAFIS

L3 RI33.9.11 K I 47

14

140VRI4

900 4W

+ C20 C21_ I 90 WO 50

yo C12-r- I300

MAW

'V

FM Radio ChassisV-2400-1Models H -715T5, H -716T5

OWNDOT

73

2

IS 1 4

Ica BOTTOM VW w128A6

1st. I. E AMR 2nd. I. E AMP.

R4613

ice10047

as

1 0 0 V

330

1009

1oEk6- 7eiff 72101T -12608- 126Te -

C221.a C23.o

RI61007W

I3 -I- C25 5

1 IMF

- 23 j

FM TUNER

TOAN

TERM BOARD

C21


CIRCUIT c57DIGEST kJ

R4 ov4 RI6

CI3eCUL 41E6 R6

C3t12646

T3Z3

C24

RI4

LI

14

24

C15

=f

C16

R11

Cr7T 0T5

CI

TOANT

TERM BOARD

T., irTO'T5 Top view of chassis

TOT5

14

I GRNDOT

4

BOTTOM VIEW

14

TO .11T5

March 1960

R9

TO .4111-4141,T5

SPECIFICATIONS

Frequency RangeIntermediate FrequencyTube Complement

Power ConsumptionAudio Power Output

Maximum

88 to 108MC10.7MC

12DT8 RF Amplifier -ConverterI2BA6 1st IF AmplifierI2BA6 2nd IF Amplifier19T8 Detector -Audio Amplifier50E115 Audio Output

35 watts

2 wattsUndistorted 1.3 watts

Speakers 2-4" PMOperating Voltage 105 to 120 volts 60 cycles AC

TO T5 TO T5

START

DIAL KNOBSTRING393/4.

3 1/2TURNS

10.7 MCMARKER

Discriminatorresponse curve

Dial string arrangement

START

TUNERSTRING

MAX. INDUCTANCELOW FREQ. END OF DIAL

bA

Cl

TO

ANT TERM

Bottom view of printed circuit chassis with components shown symbolically

An Editorial Service of ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN, INC. * 480 Lexington Ave., New York 17, N.Y.

11/2TURNS

TO

TUNER

BTO TUNER

F ILATO TUNER

Taal

r I

Caw71,

1202

R. P. TUN/416 ON/ T

L404

CINI

March 1960

WTI0S414._1.3.7."

n- 75 lea A

tr-4 6C yCONY. ,..22_ , v.._6 z ,2 41484 05c.

5 35

CIO27 T Uloa cana I

,10.0157"."-Iczai 1

37i t-10 "1.4. I

400

Leer 44./s4 7

2103

LOOSnom..

za.3

C -AV

ORANGE

4.70

R.

AG C

LCar* CORR'/20 /dm

5504 5701TUNER -Afar

TERM/NA L LOCATIONS

V .1

SSW 5 6CGtA3 4 S

C.33 o

ANT.

K

WHITE

63V.A CBROWN

A.G.C. (WHITE)

I F TEST OUTPUT C - A% I

R. F. TEST POINT

LW

o f 1443 (ORANGE)

C74

NT70ATS ON 7/412 7L4W,4,0

( fraz44,) T.S4/4, 5,4(4orTo 214, 4112-527- .43- .3-4021/4/.172,79511- 40.71/57/40- 050

ch',4 /WW2.6 3 vAC. (BLACK & BROWN) SELECTOA

G IA 5 aCGSIA0

AN

0.5C SC (/6.40.71/STAIFA/7-

17,32- re./N/4.6 sz4orTs

o.01/7/70r

,14

Mg 20

419314

""

1

/NAM

7

__

49479.Cl

.An 1 ,

2135

4.5

27a

4.30, 80

vsObis

VIDEO IF AMPLIFIER

ELECTRONIC 30TECHNICIAN 3CIRCUIT DIGEST

11124

130.1.

r4..ey7 11 4/ 407,0 c

're22ai.... a -cir

T25375.

41

MO

RS IR

404 6.114.4.C4

R7

0012

caw_.001

+5350,

vSA V5BRASO 1 42s'

I(

700

VIDEO DETECTOR a AMPLIFIER

VGAacxe.

274

120c10.222( Li

rttpLAP

L3 Of

Gale*

ANDREATV Chassis VS -323 Series

50T100

23 22K 2<i)s4TB vlcve

/ 3

c/3'4-* -

704

1

" co

4144

ca05

15N7011044 Wyk*

YOka

VII° 23224

22441C

... CIS 111

DM

,ReoS: CI4TT 10ten 0101

NO -7Akaw112 171

t12 A.C.C.

VV. 1 Ha -2 CY

V61%

226C.03SYNC.

22e2220

V 7B V8A117 oRsolaa 72 6CG7

SYNC. 5100.lialkaRrot 4.1411731

r CM C17 rr-11-4 - -

.0/ 11010.4

grss PISS 1,t,17,_/5k$ 6." 4701L

'12. 01.1M Iet.7.

/40

Heipe

SOUND 1.F. AMPLIFIER

VIO VITA.AUG 618

31

Oaf/00

1137

V(IBSt I/

ill Rubio

-

UNIT 43501.404415..

I. 176 0712, 034cos2.

5. CU, C417

710 725444.341.4 0/ TM

!

e."71.1

120.0/

0CC

7R741 21.4.11211

AO/I R/o

V 8 B V, ,..-.2.e. .So 15140.5V2 6CG 7 GEMS -7.4//5 .4044. 040,7720.vER4,44L CLIC. CZ, v4RIKAL ouTpuT -..50, 032 /5C1./.1020.NI C0140.74 ID AYR' ..1.23/

A'vrIAa"Cn

LW

/.5.42

ZAP 5333.3A4

250 re35. 77

1.0.. 331 220k es.43502.,war. Nela/IT50-0

C4.3 575118--yvvy02.4475

c27

O

VIZ6C47

NOM 06C.4 AFC

cos .3.som

Z71

OS C45

Mr17.05.05

27/

1

COI 2,4

104

.05

376

"ORorGOOK

.5753.105

C47 -2000

5777 elk

£75

coo

oolt52

719

C

TV .3.7eAlr00

416 V17taOs +140 st.Ao

400/0 04/75/r-

RA9 5120X

JO CYCLE AIOAC.L5/...1010.12P 3.115ft7 47/L re"? C0*7201/5

Coto AvO C-47.2. 2000:1 Z4404(7./.2 ) /3- SO CYCLE 77X2`.

3. 1004,0 44422. 445 .40.9/7/0440 47-C4/[74.35 .45 S./10WA/.

An Editorial Service of ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN, INC. u 480 Lexington Ave., New York 17, N.Y.

col 11G24 vammill100177331.

J2 II

TREBLE

77Z&AS RID

4x1 .2

TU.

YIL

05,0.

I.3

C'8.042

25.5.1.544 4705 24.5KW:/AI. 034 /30

10 Iv/

cs£7.0.3.504

C

41,-HAL-1

vrfcso c.530' .0007

I 4

RIOOK

NO, f/206104

RD/27.0

.1*

V15613Q6A

14021100740 CUTIAST

fit

./.034704

VIA,111.

(OCT I

VI 5RAL/4

DAMPS,.

C54

536

/5

APO

212

f05 .SO crcies4L -0444,2C7 TO 474.47420

743 .v.owfvfAI a...Trott

4

711C15

22

TIO

JC55ICT511

C S7 4.70

elsew220

4070 CSI.001460014

245 2

3905

CaoC33II./

III!,

600Y.

01

04 50.... OAKY

L7

Isi I

C44 ..1!. 440all 40c4 o

04.5500

* * 0e47

MI VP V/3 vc. V7 WO

S,o72;1a

5 >. 3>4 4

5 VI V.*el is

We WS V3 V0


255 1/400

1.3/1 41 C70/IVY A


CIRCUIT .58DIGEST *,)

March 1960

ELECTRONICTECH N ICIAN,....,

CIRCUIT DIGESTSIn This Issue (No. 91)

Circuit Digest No

ANDREA 558° TV Chassis VS -323 Series

GENERAL ELECTRICTV Chassis M569

Models CS732M8V, CS732M9VPHILCO

554

555TV Chassis 101.41 & U, 10L42 & U,

101.43 & U

RCATransistor Radio 1-T-4 Series

WESTINGHOUSEFM Radio Chassis V-2400-1

Models H-71575, H -716T5

VI

VI8

V2

23 HP 4

I

HEIGHT /R55

VERTICALLINEARITY

R81HOR.

DRIVE

L6

REMOVE

RETAINING SCREWSTO REMOVE CHASSIS

WIDTHTV -STEREO

STEREOOR PHONO

INPUT



CIRCUIT DIGEST

558

SWITCH

R27TREBLE

R99BASS

R24BRIGHTNESS

R5IVERTHOLD

TIIOUTF'UT TRANS

SPEAKERCONNECTION

117 V A CRECEPTACLE

REAR VIEW OFVS 3 2 3 -1CHASSIS


-214 ommePro,10.16

[pi

Pin 7 - V6

5V P -P

7875 -

Pin 7 - V6

5V P -P

30

Junction ofR19 & C1225-175V P -P

7875 -

Junction ofR19 & C1225-175V P -P

30

Pin 9 - V7

760V P -P

7875 -

Pin 3 - V6

30V P -P

7875 -

VS -323 WAVE FORMS

-.1.8..tk

11111111

Pin 2 - V7

20V P -P

7875

Pin 3 - V705C.CONY.

TUNER

R.F

70V P -P

7875 -

Pin 3 - V7

70V P -P

30

Pin 6 - V876V P -P

50V P -P

30

Pin 6 - V8

50V P -P

7875 -

Junction ofR40 & R4124V P -P

7875 -

Junction ofR40 & R4130V P -P

30 -

Term. C -19

170V P -P

7875 -

Pin 5 - V13

1 4 OV P -P

7875 -

Pin 2 - V18

42V P -P

30 -


FRONT OF CHASSIS



CIRCUIT DIGEST

558PILOT LIGHT

6 3V.I5A.

6CG8

6FH5

HOR.05C

PIX TUBE -23HP4

6CG7 A.G.C.SYNC. LIMIT

SYNC. SEP.VERT. 05Ce

6AW8Avz 31E8

1ST 250 VIDEO I. F.VIDEO I.F. VIDEO L F. & DET.

YI

8CG7

VERT.OUT.

C216EM5

v5 v4 v5

6BZ6 6BZ6 6A58

6D06ANOROUT

6AU4DAMPER

SYMBOL £ SHOWSSOCKET PINS ORKEY POSITION FORCORRECT TUBEINSERTION.

6AU6SOUND I . F

VIDEO AMP.SYNC. AMP.

6C X 8

H.V.FUSE RECT0 25A.SLO-BLO

163

TUBE LOCATIONSTELEVISION

VS -323-SERIES

VS -323 VOLTAGE READINGS

RATIO618 DET &

/1NIST AUDIO

3 6B05AUDIOOUT.

5U406L.V.

RECT.

TUBEREF. NO

TUBE PIN NO.

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

VI 6FH5 0 0 6.3A.C. 120 0 0

V2 6CG8 . 0 105 0 0 6.3A.C. 105 105 0 0

V3 6826 -5.8 .3 0 6.3A.C. 110 125 0

V4 6BZ6 -6.5 .3 0 6.3A.C. 110 125 0

V.5 6AS8 115 0 1.8 0 6.3A.C. -2.5 2 0 100

V6 6CX8 0 -2 105 0 6.3A.C. 1.5 -3 105 140

V7 6AW8A 0 -15 80 0 6.3A.C. 130 105 240 -20

V8 6CG7 90 -45 0 6.3A.C. 0 130 80 85 0

V9 6EM5 235 -17 6.3A.C. 0 -17 0 0 210

VI 0 6AU6 0 0 0 6.3A.C. 100 100 1.5

VII 6T8 -15 -45 -23 6.3A.C. 0 -3 0 -.6 56

VI 2 6CG7 145 -5 20 6.3A.C. 0 200 -65 0 0

V13 6006A 370 0 -35 145 -35 560 6.3A.C. 0

V14 183 PIN 2 and PIN 7 - 17.5 KV

V15 6AU4GT 160 0 650 0 235 480 6.3A.C. 0

V16 6E105 0 0 7 6.3A.C. 0 0 210 0 225

V17 5U4GB 220 260 0 270A.C. 0 270A.C. 260

V18 23HP4 0 0 480 240 0 0 40 6.3A.C.

B AT C68 FIRST FILTER CAPACITOR 160 VHIGH VOLTAGE AT 2nd ANODE OF PICTURE TUBE 17.5 KV

Readings on VI & V2 Laken from lop of socket without tube in socket. All other tubes in normal operating condition.

Copyright 1960 by ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN, INC. 480 Lexington Ave., New York 17, N. Y. An Editorial Service of ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN, INC. 480 Lexington Ave., New York 17, N.Y.

0

Typical of the many design features ofCBS dampers is this new anchoredheater -cathode insulator. Actually atungsten coil coated with insulatingmaterial, it is mechanically anchoredto prevent any movement that mightlead to heater -cathode shorts. As asecondary precaution, the coil hasfewer turns to minimize cathode -to -insulator contact, yet maintain perfectheater -cathode spacing.

Nomorefireworksforme!

(NO MORE DAMPERARCING FOR YOU)

"Damper diodes are prone to fireworks. Not me. I've been arc -proofed from heater to cathode to plate . . and I'm blast -tested toinsure it. That goes for my whole family of CBS damper tubes. Useus and relax."

It's true. CBS damper diodes have been completely redesigned tooffer you total reliability . . . proved in performance by leading TVand radio set manufacturers. You, too, can profit more from the totalreliability of CBS tubes. To prove it . . . just replace with CBS.

TOTAL RELIABILITY...proved in performance

Receiving, industrialand picture tubestransistors and diodesaudio componentsand phonographs.

CBS ELECTRONICSDanvers, Massachusetts

A Division of Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc.

RECIrEiCA

EIVINGTUBE

MANUA i.

Il1 PICTURE TUValk &

per

RCAisitercluinceafirityflirr.7arc

FOREIGN v, U.S.A.

i"lying tubeipicture

REOLACEMENTlulll

41

kith the demands of your professionA complete, up-to-date library of RCA technical literature is as necessary a tool in your professionas a VTVM. It's a sure, simple, time -saving way to maintain your status as an expert!

1. RCA TRIPLE PINDEX ($1.75) Base diagrams for 1500 receiving and 400 picture tubes, aith cross references tomany foreign and industrial types. Triplicate receiving tube breakdown shows you at least 3 diagrams at once.

2. COLOR TELEVISION PIC-0-GUIDE ($4.50) RCA's John Meagher shows you how to troubleshoot and adjust colorTV receivers. Pi(iblems are illustrated in full color, with easy -to -follow explanations of how to correct them.

3. RCA RECEIVING TUBE MANUAL (75c) Technical data on more than 625 receiving tubes, including types for TV,radio, and hi-fi. Clear explanations of tube operation and uses, with many illustrative diagrams and circuits.

4. RCA INTERCHANGEABILITY DIRECTORY-FOREIGN vs. U.S.A. RECEIVING TUBES Lists some 450foreign receiving tubes (radio, TV, audio), with U.S.A. direct replacement or similartype where available.

5. RCA RECEIVING TUBES AND PICTURE TUBES BOOKLET (300 A jam-packed 48 -page bookletlisting electrical characteristics and socket connections for more than 900 receiving andpicture tubes used in standard AM, FM, TV, and audio amplifier sets.

6. RCA PICTURE -TUBE REPLACEMENT AND INTERCHANGEABILITY CHART Lists 88 RCA PictureTubes, and the 253 industry types they replace. Especially for the service technician.

Check with your Authorized RCA Tube Distributor THIS WEEK, to make sureyou have the latest editions of these important publications-each a standard ofthe industry.

RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICAElectron Tube Division Harrison, N. J.

^4 PI *2-4 a.

.1 C) r -I r -

m- CD DD00Z0 !C '41Cr

11.)

n -4C0 CD 0r r

RCA Salutes the Man BehindYour TV Set during NationalTelevision Technicians' Week,March 21 to 26.

Documents

LIGHTNING PROTECTION - World Radio History