Lighting design & SS 531:2006 - LED+Light Asia

10/10/2014

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New Trends in Lighting – Sesh Sept 2014 1

New trends in lighting Indoor and Outdoor

K.Seshadri (SESH)

Architectural Lighting + Design Conference Singapore

30 Sept 2014

New Trends in Lighting – Sesh Sept 2014

• In Singapore, Lighting design for ‘Work place’ has to

conform to Code of Practice SS 531 under the

Workplace Safety and Health Act.

• SS 531 is also the ‘approved’ code for BCA Green Mark

award for the lighting load.

Lighting design & SS 531:2006

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• SS 531 Part 1: Indoor work places (safety & performance)

• SS 531 Part 2: Outdoor work places (performance)

• SS 531 Part 3: Outdoor work places (Safety)

SS 531 Parts


Visual Biological

Emotional

Experienced

value

3 roles of lighting

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1.Visual

Facility to perform

multiple tasks in

an environment

over time

The Visual role

5


2.Emotional

First time reaction

and long term

impression of

work space

The Emotional role

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3.Biological

How light

influences our

Biological rhythm

The Biological role

7


• Improve concentration, safety and productivity

• Promote people’s well-being, moods and health

• Help aging people perform better

• Support the healing process at healthcare facilities

• Help prevent possible problems from irregular work-

hours e.g. Shift work

Objectives of 3 Lighting roles

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3.Biological

2.Emotional ��

Experienced

value

The Visual role

9

1.Visual ��


100,000 Lux 20,000 Lux

300 Lux500 Lux

10,000 Lux

Examples of Lighting levels

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0.2 LUX

Night illuminances

0.002 Lux0.25 Lux

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Mechanism of our eye

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Young and old eyes

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Normal view

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Cataract

Cataract

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Normal view

Macular degeneration

Macular degeneration


Normal view

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Glaucoma

Glaucoma

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Normal view

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy


• The percentage of Singaporeans above 65 will

increase from 8.4% in 2005 to 18.7% in 2030

• In absolute number, it will increase from 296,000 in

2005 to 873,300 in 2030

(Committee on Ageing Issues Report,2006)

Aging workforce and eyesight

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• Falls and Fractures are known to

increase 200% due to vision loss

• People will have less mobility

even in unfamiliar areas

• Higher lighting levels will help

to mitigate the problem (but

cannot cure the illness)

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Aging workforce and eyesight


40 years = 600 lux

60 years = 3000 lux

12 years = 200 lux

Age vs workplace Illuminance

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Productivity and Task Illuminance

500 2000Lux

Dr.D.Fischer, International Lighting Review 85/2

Lighting vs Productivity

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Errors and

Task

Illuminance

500 2000

Lux


Lighting vs Errors & Rejects

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Fatigue and

Task

Illuminance

500 2000

Lux


Lighting vs Tiredness

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Type of Interior E

(Lux)

U0

3.1 Filing, copying 300 ---

3.2 Writing, reading, Data

processing

500 0.7

3.3 Detailed Technical drawings 750 0.7

3.4 CAD work stations 500 0.7

3.5 Conf&Meeting rooms 500 0.7

3.6 Reception desk 300 ---

3.7 Archives 200 ----

SS 531-1: 2006 Indoor Recommendations - 1

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Uniformity Ratio (Uo) =

Minimum IlluminanceAverage Illuminance

Overall Uniformity


Initial illuminance

Maintained illuminance

Operating time

100%

Eave

Maintenance interval

Maintained Illuminance

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How do we tolerate 100,000 Lux in the open?

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Why does 500-750 Lux look so ‘bright’?

The closeness of lamp makes people mistake Glare

for ‘Lighting level’. So Glare has to be minimized

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Complicated system to limit direct

glare caused by the luminaires

in the interior

Unified Glare Rating - UGR

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Type of Interior E

(Lux)

U0 UGR

3.1 Filing, copying 300 --- 19


processing

500 0.7 19

3.3 Detailed Technical drawings 750 0.7 16

3.4 CAD work stations 500 0.7 19

3.5 Conf&Meeting rooms 500 0.7 19

3.6 Reception desk 300 --- 22

3.7 Archives 200 ---- 25


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3.Biological

2.Emotional ��

Experienced

value

Evaluation of a lighting application

The Emotional role

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1.Visual ��


Lamp Efficacy examples

Lamp Power

(W)

Light

output

(Lumen

s)

Efficacy

Lumens/

Watt

Incandescent Lamp 75W 900 12

Compact Fluorescent Lamp 15W 900 60

Fluorescent tube Cool

Daylight

36W 2500 69

Induction lamp 250W 21250 85

LED (Performance Level) 1-5W 40-600 40-120

High Pressure Sodium 400W 56000 140

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• Lower color temperature means warmer color

• Higher color temperature means a cooler color

Colour temperatures


Natural light

10 000

2000 K

6000 K

5000 K

Boreal Sky – Northlight

Sun in Zenith – Daylight

Afternoon – Sunlight

Dusk & Dawn - Twilight

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Changing Colour temperatures

Cool light – daytime Warm light - Twilight hours

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Material

PerceiverHalogen Lamp

CRI - Colour Rendering Index

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The material

The PerceiverSodium Lamp


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73

83

93

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Type of Interior E (Lux)

U0 UGR CRI

3.1 Filing, copying 300 --- 19 80


processing

500 0.7 19 80

3.3 Technical drawings 750 0.7 16 80

3.4 CAD work stations 500 0.7 19 80

3.5 Conf&Meeting rooms 500 0.7 19 80

3.6 Reception desk 300 --- 22 80

3.7 Archives 200 ---- 25 80



Seaport Industrial

Building sites

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Airport

Objectives of Code: To help Authorities, Consultants

and Project owners to determine appropriate lighting

level for Outdoor work

SS 531: Outdoor lighting

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Outdoor work at night



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Ref Type of area, task or activity

Em

LuxU0 GRL CRI

5.1.1 Walkways exclusively for pedestrians in work areas

5 0.25 50 20

5.1.2 Traffic areas for slow moving vehicles (max.10 km/h

10 0.40 50 20

5.1.3 Regular vehicle traffic (max.40km/h)

20 0.40 45 20

5.1.4 Pedestrian passages in the midst of vehicle turning, loading and unloading

30 0.40 50 20

General areas

SS 531-2 Outdoor Performance level

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Em

LuxU0 GRL CRI

5.14.1 Shipyard area, storage areas 20 0.25 55 40

5.14.2 Short term handling of large units

20 0.25 55 20

5.14.3 Ship hull cleaning 50 0.25 50 20

5.14.4 Ship hull painting and welding 100 0.40 45 60

5.14.5 Mounting of electrical and mechanical components

200 050 45 60


Shipyards & Docks



Em

LuxU0 GRL CRI

5.3.1 Clearance, excavation and loading

20 0.25 55 20

5.3.2 Construction areas, drain pipes mounting, auxiliary and storage tasks

50 0.40 50 20

5.3.3 Framework element mounting, light reinforcement work, wooden mould and framework mounting, electric piping and cabling

100 0.40 45 40

5.3.4 Element jointing, electrical machine and pipe mountings

200 0.40 45 40

Building Sites


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Type of area, task or activity Em

LuxU0 GRL CRI

Very Low Risk: Storage areas with occasional traffic in industrial outdoor

5 0.25 55 20

Low Risk: Occasionally used platforms and stairs in petrochemical industries

10 0.45 50 20

Medium Risk: Pre-Fab yards,Vehicle storage, Fuel storage

20 0.40 50 20

High Risk: Areas with pits / excavations, Valves, compressors area, regularly used staircase and platforms

50 0.40 45 20

SS 531-3 Outdoor Safety level


VisualFacility to perform

visual tasks within

an environment

over time

3.Biological ��

EmotionalReaction on first

and sustained

impression over

time

Experienced

value

Evaluation of a lighting application

3. The Biological role

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• Light is not just for vision any more

• There are biologial non-visual effects of light

• Especially our ’Body’ clock

• Our surrounds have external rhythms and we have to adapt

Biological impact of Light

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Earth’s Annual orbit around the sun

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Monthly phases of Moon

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The 24 hrs Day

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Light and our daily rhythm


Pineal is the seat of our

soul - Rene Descartes

(1662)

Pineal Gland – the Third eye

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Melatonin Secretion


Circadian triggers of Light

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Shift Work Disorder


Shift Work Disorder

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Besides psychosocial/ clinical problems, the most

dangerous is the decrease in overall performances of

Shift-workers.

They are more susceptible to

diminished performance and

attention- deficit that can

compromise productivity and

public safety.

Safety declines over successive

night shifts (Folkard & Tucker 2003).

Shift work & Performance decrement


Tragedy Time

• Bhopal gas tragedy 00.56 h

• Chernobyl nuclear disaster 01.23 h

• Three-mile Island incident 04.00 h

• Rhine chemical spillage Early morning

• Gaisal train disaster (India) 01.15 h

Shift work & Performance decrement

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• There are Round-the-clock service in many sectors.

• Hospitals, hotels, Airlines, police, seaports, airports and

process industries operate 24 hours / day. Staff have to

work in Shifts.

• On average it takes approx 3 days to adjust to a 12 hour

shift in time.

• Exposure to good lighting level can help to overcome

many of the problems

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Our 24-hr Life


Typical characteristics of lighting solutions:

• High light levels with dimming at choice

• colour temperature changes to keep with daylight

outside

• Glare free installation, no direct line of sight to bright light

sources

• High uniformity

• Good colour rendering (>80)

• Treating of our rhythmic disorders with Light therapy

Human-centric Light & Conclusions

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• Recommended office lighting level = 500 lux

• @ 8 m2 per pax, the lighting load / person = 80W

• For 10 hrs per day, the energy consumed = 80 x 10 WHr= 0.80 Kw Hr

• @S$ 0.25 / KwHr, the cost of lighting / day = S$ 0.20!

• How much does a cup of tea cost ?

• How many cups would we drink everyday?

• Our eye is used to = 100,000 lux

• The electrical load density to achieve this = 10W / m2

What cost is Lighting?

•


Thank you !

Documents

Lighting design & SS 531:2006 - LED+Light Asia