Light Pollution Measured by Light Pollution Measured by the DSS-7 the DSS-7

(Deep Space Spectrograph)(Deep Space Spectrograph)

Rose HaberRose Haber

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Chicago, Illinois at night

NeedNeed• Glare• Light Trespass• Harms wildlife • Wastes government money

-Cinzano, 2009Vancouver

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LightLight PollutionPollution

• Misdirected or misused light

• Inappropriate application of exterior lighting products

• Light causing a glow over urban/suburban areas

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Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram • scatter graph of

stars

• shows the relationship between absolute magnitudes versus classifications and temperatures

SSppeeccttrroossccooppyy

Spectrograph- takes light from a source and separates it by wavelength

http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html

Stellar SpectroscopyStellar Spectroscopy

http://cass.ucsd.edu/public/tutorial/Stars.html

Spectrograph FundamentalsSpectrograph Fundamentals

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The DSS-7The DSS-7http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7.htm

Absorption lines for different chemicals

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CCD ImagingCCD Imaging

ST-7XME CCD Camerahttp://www.sbig.com/sbwhtmls/online.htm

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Maxim DLMaxim DL• Photo-Processing image

stacking software

Outdoor LightingOutdoor LightingMercury vs. SodiumMercury vs. Sodium

The Bortle Dark Sky ScaleThe Bortle Dark Sky Scale

Spectrum of the night sky at Mound Ekar Observatory Natural sky lines/ artificial lightinghttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2000MmSAI..71..235R

Literature ReviewLiterature ReviewProposal of a Spectroscopic Map of Astronomical Sites

Rosoni, 1997

Literature Review ContinuedLiterature Review Continued

http://geoinformatics.sut.ac.th/sut/student/GISpresent/2006-1/light.pdf

Modeling of Light Pollution in Suburban Areas Using Remotely Sensed Imagery and GIS Chalkias et. al, 2006

Literature Review ContinuedLiterature Review ContinuedMeasuring Night-Sky Brightness with a Wide-Field CCD Camera

Duriscoe et al.

Literature Review ContinuedLiterature Review ContinuedVisual measurements and spectral survey of night sky brightness in Venezuela and Italy

F. Della Prugna, 1999http://aas.aanda.org/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:1999426

PurposePurpose

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To examine the difference between the amount of pollution of light and the light pollutants in Manhasset, NY as opposed to Montauk, NY and hopefully influence the change to environmentally sound lighting systems.

HypothesisHypothesis

• Null Hypothesis: no difference between the light pollution in both areas

• Alternate Hypothesis: light pollution will be greater in Manhasset than in Montauk

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MethodologyMethodologyLight Pollution Measured by the DSS-7

Control: sky measured by DSS-7 in Montauk, NY

Variable: sky measured DSS-7 in Manhasset, NY

Measurement

Measured once a week in Montauk and imaged, measured once a week in Manhasset and imaged over 7 months

Analysis

Graph/map of data collected

Amounts vs. types of light pollution analyzed

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ProcedureSpectrograph attached to the CCD imager, many images taken to examine types of light pollutants, images taken during no moon periods-new moon, every magnitude of stars will be imaged and observed images processed and stacked using Maxim DL software

• Study done in accessible places– Manhasset, NY– Montauk, NY/ Upstate, NY

• CCD imager/DSS-7 easily portable

• Software downloaded for free off SBIG website/astronomy coolwiki

Do-AbilityDo-Ability

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BudgetBudgethttp://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg

Item Name Vendor Item # Quantity Description Price Total PriceDSS-7 SBIG DSS-7 1 Deep space spectrograph (optimized for ST-402ME and f/10 SCT scopes) $1,595 $1,595ST-7XME CCD CameraSBIG ST-7XME Std 1 Dual sensor, USB camera with KAF-0402ME Class 2 CCD, Remote Guide Head Port, Water Cooling Ready$2,195 $2,195

TOTAL $3,790

• Chalkias, C., M. Petrakis, B. Psiloglou, and M. Lianou. "Modelling of light pollution in suburban areas using remotely sensed imagery and GIS." Journal of Environmental Management 76 (2004)): 57-63. Elesiver. Department of Geography, Harokopio University, 19 Sept. 2005. Web. http://geoinformatics.sut.ac.th/sut/student/GISpresent/2006-1/light.pdf

• Cinzano. "Light Pollution Information by Starry Night Lights." Night Sky Friendly Outdoor Lighting. N.p., 2009. Web. http://www.starrynightlights.com/lpIndex.html

• Cole, Gary M. "A Pellicle Autoguider for the DSS-7 Spectrograph." Pellicle Autoguider (2006): 153-56. Pellicle Autoguider. Starphysics Observatory, 2007. Web. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?2007SASS...26..153C&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf

• Holmes, Alan. "DSS-7 Deep Space Spectrograph." SBIG Santa Barbara Instrument Group. N.p., 20 Mar. 2002. Web. http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7.htm

• Kaler, James. "Obtaining Astronomical Spectra- Spectrographs." Australia Telescope Outreach and Education. CSIRO Australia, 23 June 2004. Web. http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/spectrographs.html

• Kulesa, Craig. "What is Spectroscopy?" What is Spectroscopy? N.p., 4 Feb. 1997. Web. http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html

• La Pointe, Robert. "Measuring the Hubble Constant Using SBIG's DSS-7." NASA Astrophysics Data System (2008): 137-40. Society for Astronomical Sciences Inc., 2008. Web. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?2008SASS...27..137L&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf

• Licker, Mark D. “Dictionary of Astronomy” page 101; 2003 • Plavec, Mirek J.; “Stellar Evolution” McGraw-Hill,1997, pp 392-401. • Prugna, F. Della. "Visual measurements and spectral survey of night sky brightness in Venezuela and Italy." The European Southern

Observatory (n.d.): n. pag. Astronomy and Astrophysics. Centro de Investigaciones de Astronom� CIDA, 9 Sept. 1999. Web. http://aas.aanda.org/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:1999426

• Puech, Michael, H. Flores, Michael Lehnert, B. Neichel, T. Fusco, P. Rosati, J.-G. Cuby, and Gary Rousset. "Coupling MOAO with Integral Field Spectroscopy: specifications for the VLT and the E-ELT." Observatoire de Paris (n.d.): n. pag. LESIA. Laboratoire d 但 strophysique de Marseille, 8 Aug. 2008. Web. http://arxiv.org/pdf/0808.1196v1

• Reviglio, Pietro M., and David J. Helfand. "Active Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey I: The Spectroscopically Unremarkable Population of the Local Universe." (2008): n. pag. Astronomy Department. Astronomy Department, Columbia University, 2008. Web. http://arxiv.org/pdf/0902.1766v1

• Richmond, Michael. "Spectrographs and Spectra." Spectrographs and Spectra. N.p., n.d. Web. http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys301/lectures/spectra/spectra.html

• Rosoni, Stefano. "Proposal of a spectroscopic map of astronomical sites." Memorie della Societa Astronomia Italianap.235 71 (1997): 235-38. Circolo Astronomico Dorico. Paolo Andrenelli, 1997. Web. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2000MmSAI..71..235R

• Smith, Gene. "Stellar Spectra." Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences, UCSD. N.p., 16 Apr. 1999. Web. <http://cass.ucsd.edu/public/tutorial/Stars.html>.

Works CitedWorks Citedhttp://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg