Ligase: joins (seals) the ends of DNA

Vectors: DNA molecule that can replicate & is used to transport foreign DNA

Four types of Vectors: Plasmids; Bacteriophage & other viruses; artificial chromosomes (YAC or yeast artificial chromosome/ DNA + Ori +centromere for sister chromatid separation + telomeres to mark end of chromosome); & Cosmids (plasmid + cos site & can be pckged into phage capsid)

Transgenic Plant: Vector = Agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid called Ti (causes crown gall tumors). Plasmid codes for virulence gene and regulates pant growth (codes for plant growth hormones, auxin & cytokinin). It acts like a transposon.

Ti sequence 23 bp direct repeats, that flank the virulence & hormone genes