Lifecycle and Whole Systems Thinking in Sustainability · Lifecycle and Whole Systems Thinking in Sustainability Narayan P.S. ... Infosys Hyderabad Campus: Integrative Design

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Lifecycle and Whole

Systems Thinking in

Sustainability

Narayan P.S.

Vice President and Head – Sustainability and Social Initiatives

June 2017


Cradle to Cradle, Circular Economy…a Recap

Agenda and Talking Points

Whole Systems Thinking and C2C in Services

Some Examples


Cradle to Cradle and Circular Models

Some First Principles


The principles of Cradle to Cradle Design

1. Less Bad is No Good

• Recycling of aluminum cans : Expensive, Toxic and Wasteful…what’s the better alternative ?

2. Eco-efficiency Vs Eco-effectiveness

• Efficiency is static and limiting , Effectiveness is abundant and dynamic

• Buildings that seal windows, reduce sunlight, need constant monitoring Vs Buildings that let in

sunlight and fresh air and are spatially vibrant

3. Waste equals food

• Carpets that upcycle waste continuously (Technical nutrient)

• Swiss textile mill Rohner eliminate 80000 toxic chemicals and replace with just 38 positive

chemicals. At end-of-life, cloth can be ‘thrown’ back into soil to biodegrade naturally

4. Respect diversity

• Eschew the ‘One size fits all’ principle in design


The principles of a circular economy

1. An Industrial system that is restorative and regenerative by design – from Open Loop to Closed Loop

2. Design ‘out’ Waste – transition from Disposal Downcycling Upcycling

3. Design ‘consumables’ for bio-cycling and ‘durables’ for ‘upcycling’

4. Extend the life of a product through the inner, cascaded and pure circles. Key design principles include Standardization and Modularization, Toxics-Free and Design for Easy Disassembly

5. Innovative business models e.g. from Ownership to Leasing

6. Establish ecosystems for reverse cycles and cascades


Environmental Footprint primarily from Buildings and Facilities ; Energy and GHG

Emissions biggest contributors

Services Industry : Salient Characteristics

Typically located in high density urban centers translating into predominance of

vertical structures. This has its pros and cons

High density of waste generation 4

Water is often transported from source over long distances with an

accompanying energy footprint. Given that it has competing uses, water scarcity

is a high risk factor. Efficiency is not the only factor to be considered therefore


Less Bad is No Good


Less Bad is No Good


Infosys Hyderabad Campus: Integrative Design

• Site Planning : Existing trees preserved and

new native trees planted

• Top soil preserved and reused during

construction phase

• Passive architecture design: Building’s axis in

E-W direction

• Natural ventilation induced

• More than 75% of the work areas are daylit

• Use of low-energy materials for interiors and

furniture / Use of ceramic tiles and carpets with

recycled content / Use of

• Radian Cooling technology in combination with other design interventions resulting in overall EPI

of 51 units per sq Mxisting trees preserved and new native trees planted

• 78% water recycled and overall 56% reduction in freshwater consumption


It must start with construction design and practice

Initiative Optimization/Result (as compared to existing facility)

1. Pre-engineered to Build

• Steel: From 6.45 kg/Sq. ft. reduced to 5.8 kg/sq. ft.

• Accurate Estimates (within 2-3% accuracy) provides procurement optimization lever

2. Modular/ Pre-constructed

workspace / 50% Manufactured

offsite

• Fit out time reduced / onsite work reduced; Flexibility

• Use of precast and prefabricated components can save 10% time of construction

• Use of modular interior partitions can improve quality and efficiency

• Flexibility in case of remodelling/renovation

3. Integrated Design

• Increased use of semi air conditioned space; Airconditioned space reduced to 60%

• Reduction in overall demand from 0.5KVA/ person to 0.43 KVA/ person

• Overall Energy from 95 kWh/SM/yr. to 65 kWh/SM/yr –


Embodied Energy in building materials

The total energy consumed in designing, extracting, making, warehousing and transporting a product unit across its value chain


Wastage While Removing And Choking of Pipeline


Wastage during pump washing


Sedimentation tank cleaning & collection of hardened concrete


Solid Blocks


Looking closely at wastage of concrete

• Due to Jam during discharge from mixer drum – less Quantity of water and

Admixture discharge

• Transit mixer Hood not cleaned. Narrow size of Hood

• Multiple time of cleaning/washing of Transit mixers

• Remaining concrete at end of the pour in pipe line & Hopper – Quantity is

depending upon length of the pipe line

• Choking of pipe line due to breakdown

• Remaining concrete after ball passing


Eco Effectiveness Vs Eco Efficiency

Initiative Description Action/ Benefits

Integrated

Design

47% of the workspace can be comfort

cooled using natural ventilation, dry mist

systems, and fans

• 80,000 square feet of outdoor spaces to be

comfort cooled

• Energy to ensure comfort cooling in the outdoor is

~60% lower than that required for an equivalent air

conditioned space.

• Pilot showed n a drop in the ambient temperature

by 5 deg. C.

Rotary UPS

UPS system, which relies on mechanical

components to store energy, eliminating the

need for batteries; we currently use around

30,000 batteries across various campuses

in India alone.

• Cooling reduction of 35 units per hour

• Payback period of 4 years

Energy Efficiency + Effectiveness

Initiative Description Action/ Benefits

Hartman

Loop

Efficient plant room operation through optimal

sequencing of various equipment (including chiller,

pumps, cooling tower) to optimize the overall

performance of such systems. This method, invented

by Thomas Hartman, is patented in the United States.

• Enhance system efficiency by 10%

EC Fans

Replacement of 369 conventional motors, in Air

Handling Units (AHU) with more efficient Electronically

Commutated (EC) motors with intelligent

programmable sensors

Pilot showed energy reduction of 30% and pay

back of 2.5 years; actual implementation in 18

AHUs shows higher saving at 47%.

Magnetic

levitation

Chillers

These chillers use magnetically levitated compressors,

eliminating friction losses

• 10% improvement in efficiency as compared

with variable speed centrifugal compressors.

• Water cooled and Oil free

Energy Efficiency + Effectiveness


Water Efficiency: a good story….. but not the whole story

Liters Per Employee Per month

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

15721460

13601295

1119

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

8% compounded improvement in water

efficiency

More than 800 million liters of water

saved over five years

38% recycling at an aggregate level ;

more than 50% in the recent facilities


Wipro’s integrated approach

Within the

Fence:

Outside the

Fence

An integrated perspective on water

risk and security

1.Reduce

Freshwater use

( Efficiency +

Reuse)

2. Enhance

rainwater

harvesting

1. Groundwater

science led

assessment

2. Decentralized

governance

models


Water across boundaries

Responsible Water: Evolve a framework for assessing and managing ground water risks in Sarjapur,

Bangalore – through a combination of hydrological aquifer mapping, citizen centric data monitoring and

collective governance


Biodiversity and the Abundance Principle

Images from Wipro’s campus biodiversity projects



Waste is Food


In-Situ Recycling

Waste Management:Bin Introduced : Introduced color coded bin system for moving waste

from work space & other common areas

Reduce Reuse Recycle : Chemical Cans , Mil covers , Water bottles used for plant propagation

Paper Pulping Plant : Office Paper collected fed into pulping plant converted toc ales & are sent to ITC in exchange of recycled note pads Around 200kgs of papers are processed in-house.

Milk Covers Plastic Bottles Chemical Cans Bottles used for

vertical garden

Office paper

collected

Pulping Plant

Paper CakesNote Pads


Paper Recycling Plant

Note PadsPaper pulpPrinted/Waste Paper Paper plant


Food Waste to Energy – BioGas Plant

50 m3 Biogas digester with technical support from the Nuclear Agriculture and Bio-technology Division (NA&BD) of BARC (Bhabha Atomic research Centre).

BARC developed Nisargaruna technology’ which offers a “Zero effluent” method for management of Canteen food waste . This system not only helped in safe disposal of waste and minimized transportation cost but also partly replaced the LPG gas used for cooking in the canteen.

Bio gas digester is

➢ Intelligence embedded biogas plant

➢ Designed for highest safety and clean disposal of waste

➢ Twin Digester System for highest yield

➢ Engineered for low maintenance


Food Waste to Energy – BioGas Plant

Designed Capacity

3.0 Tons/day

Capacity break-up

➢ 1.5 Tons ( Food Waste)

➢ 12 Cubic Mtr/Day STP sludge

➢ 0.3 Tons/day- buffer

• Bio Gas Yield

➢ 160-180 Cu. Mtr/Day or Approx 4 LPG

commercial Cylinders


Patagonia’s example…..now followed by others


Respect Diversity


Looking differentlThe 4th R

Looking differently at Waste : The 4th R


ITC Green Hotels : Design for PwD








Circular Principles in Health Care Industry


• Lifecycle and Circular Models empower us by expanding our horizons to look at new possibilities which would have been hidden otherwise

• Integrative, Whole-systems approaches challenge us to look a wide web of interlinkages between energy, water, waste, materials and biodiversity. Linear, engineering-led approaches do not work

• “The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes” Marcel Proust

Sustainability is about new ways of seeing

http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/m/marcel_proust.html


Thank You

Narayan P S

Vice President and Head : Sustainability and Social Initiatives

Documents

Lifecycle and Whole Systems Thinking in Sustainability · Lifecycle and Whole Systems Thinking in Sustainability Narayan P.S. ... Infosys Hyderabad Campus: Integrative Design