Life Stages

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Begins with birth Ends with death

LIFE STAGES

Person differ greatly Every person passes through certain

stages of growth and development

CLASSIFICATIONSSEVEN STAGES

Infancy - birth to 1 year Early childhood - 1 -6 years Late childhood - 6-12 years Adolescence - 12 -20 years Early adulthood - 20 - 40 years Middle adulthood - 40 - 65 years Late adulthood - 65 and up

TYPES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

4 TYPES

Physical: Body growth Mental: development of mind Emotional: feelings Social: interactions & relationship

CHARACTERISTICS OF STAGES

Tasks progress from simple to complex foundations for the next stage rate of accomplishment varies

INFANCY

Ages birth - 1 year of age

Physical Development Dramatic & Rapid changes tripled weight muscular & nervous system immature reflex actions muscle coordination develops teeth vision

Mental Development Rapid during first year respond to discomforts

pain, cold, or hunger by crying gradually become more aware of

surroundings recognize individuals

As infants respond to stimuli learning activities grow

speech

Social Development Progresses from the total self-centered concept

of the newborn to a gradual recognition of others in the environment

4 months recognize persons who care for them smile stare at others

6 months watch activities of others show signs of possessiveness shy or withdrawn from strangers

Social Development 12 months

shy with strangers socialize freely

with familiar people

mimic & imitate gestures

facial expressions vocal sounds

6 months watch activities show signs of

possessiveness

Social cont dependent on others for all needs

food, cleanliness & rest are essential for physical growth

Love & security essential for mental growth

EARLY CHILDHOOD

AGES 1- 6

Physical Development Slower than during infancy Skeletal and muscle development helps a

child look more like an adult legs & lower body tend to grow more rapidly

then the head, arms & chest muscle coordination

run, climb, and move freely finger muscles develop learns to write, draw &

use a fork & knife

Physical continued Age 2 - 3

most teeth have erupted digestive system is mature enough to

handle most adult food 2-4 years of age

learn bowel & bladder control

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Advances rapidly during early childhood Verbal growth

age 6 1,500 -2,500

Mental 2 year olds

short attention span interested in many activities remember details begins understanding concepts

Mental 4 year old

ask frequent questions recognize letters and some words begin to make decisions based on logic

rather than trial & error

MENTAL CONT. 6 YR OLD

Very Verbal wants to learn how to read Memory has developed

make decisions based on both past and present experiences

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Ages 1 to 2

develops self awareness and the effect they have on others

limits are usually established for safety Anger, temper tantrums may occur if

desired performance not accomplished likes routine becomes stubborn, angry, or

frustrated when changes occur

Emotional Development Ages 4 - 6

gain more control over emotions know right or wrong more independent less anxiety when faced with new

experiences

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Self – Centered 1yr old Sociable 6 yr old

Later yrs Put self first Trust people

Needs Food, rest shelter, protection, love and

security Routine, order, consistency in daily life Taught to be responsible and must

learn how to conform to rules

LATE CHILDHOOD OR PREADOLESCENCE

6-12YRS

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Slow but steady Gain 5-7 pounds per year Ht increase 2-3 inches per year Muscle coordination well developed Physical activities that require complex

motor-sensory skills Loose teeth Visual acuity the best 10-12 sexual maturation may begin

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Increases due to school Speech skills develop more

completely Reading & writing should be learned Information used to solve problems Memory becomes more complex Understands more abstract concepts

Loyalty, honesty, values,and morals

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Age 6

Frightened and uncertain as they begin school

Reassuring parents and success in school helps gain self-confidence

Fears replaced with coping abilities Learn to control emotions

Ages 10 –12 Sexual maturation and body

changes Restless and anxious Difficult to understand

SOCIAL CHANGES 7 years

Activities they can do by self Approval of others especially parents

and friends

Ages 8-10 Group oriented Forms groups with members of

own sex Ready to accept some opinions of

others Conforms to rules and standards of

behavior

Ages 10-12 Tend to make friends more easily Increasing awareness of opposite sex Gradually move away from parents

NEEDS Basic needs Reassurance parental approval peer acceptance

ADOLESCENCE

AGES 12 -20

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Growth spurts can cause rapid

increases in wt & ht awkwardness or clumsiness Puberty

development of the sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics

secretions of sex hormones

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Increase knowledge and social

skills Learn to make decisions; accept

responsibility for actions Treated both like child and adult

Emotional Development Often stormy and in conflict Concerned about their appearance Respond more to peer groups May create a conflict with vales

previously established

Later Years of Adolescence Self-Identity has been established Feel more comfortable with who

they are Concerned about career

Social Development Move away from family Security in groups of people their

own age Develop a more mature attitude

and patterns of behavior

Needs Reassurance, support and

understanding Basic needs

Eating Disorders Often develops from an excessive

concern with appearance Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia

Chemical Abuse Development of a physical and /or

mental dependence on these chemicals. Trying to relieve anxiety or stres Peer pressure Escape from problems Experiementation

Suicide One of the leading causes of death

in adolescents Reasons

Depression Grief Failure in school Not meeting expectations Lack of self-esteem

Suicide warning signs Verbal statements such as “I’d

rather be dead,” or “you’d be better off without me”

Sudden changes in appetite and sleep habits

Withdrawal and moodiness Excessive fatigue or agitation Alcohol or drug abuse