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SC.8.L.18.4CiteevidencethatlivingsystemsfollowtheLawsofConservationofMassandEnergy. SC.8.L.18.1Describeandinvestigatetheprocessofphotosynthesis,suchastherolesoflight,carbondioxide,waterandchlorophyll;productionoffood;releaseofoxygen.SC.8.L.18.2Describeandinvestigatehowcellularrespirationbreaksdownfoodtoprovideenergyandreleasescarbondioxide.SC.8.L.18.3Constructascientificmodelofthecarboncycletoshowhowmatterandenergyarecontinuouslytransferredwithinandbetweenorganismsandtheirphysicalenvironment.MultipleChoiceIdentifythechoicethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

1. Wormsbreakdowndeadplantsinthesoiltoreleasenutrients.Whichpropertyofnutrientsshowsthattheyare

matter?

A. Nutrientsarewarm.B. Nutrientscandowork. C. Nutrientscontainenergy. D. Nutrientshavemass.

2. Biologistsmeasurethelengthofataggedseaturtle.Theylearnthattheturtleis2.3cmlongerthanthelasttimeitwasmeasured.Wheredidtheseaturtlegetthenutrientsitneededtogrow?

A. fromthejellyfishitateB. fromsunlightitabsorbedC. fromtheoxygenitbreathedD. fromnutrientsitabsorbedfromthewater

3. Analligatorlivesinaswampwithdeer,birds,fish,trees,andotherplants.Thealligatoreatsabirdthateatstheseedsandplants.Whatistheoriginalsourceoftheenergythatthealligatorgetsfromeatingthebird?

A. theflowingwaterintheswampB. theenergythatthebirdcreatesC. thesunlightthattheplantsabsorbD. theheatfromtheairintheswamp

4. OneofthelargestcypresstreesinFloridahasatreetrunkwithadiameterofabout3.5m.Whatisthesourceofmostofthecarboninthecypresstree’strunk?

A. Thecarboncreatedbythetreeduringphotosynthesis.B. Thecarbonstoredintreeseeds.C. Thecarbondioxidemoleculesthetreeabsorbedfromtheatmosphere.D. Thenutrientscontainingcarbonthatthetreeabsorbedfromthesoil.

5. Acoralreefisdamagedduringahurricane.Thewavesandcurrentsmovebrokenpiecesofcoralontothebeach.Whathappenedtothematterinthebrokenpiecesofcoral?

A. Itisstillpartofthecoralreefecosystem.B. Itwasremovedfromtheenvironment.C. Itbecamepartofthebeachecosystem.D. Itwaslostduetotheenergyinthewaves.

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20. Kristineexercisesregularly.TheprocessofcellularrespirationmakesitpossibleforKristinetorunonthetreadmillandtoliftweights.Whatdohercellsdoduringcellularrespiration?

A. convertkineticenergyintochemicalenergyB. absorblightenergythroughthechlorophyllintheirchloroplastsC. combinewaterandcarbondioxidetoproduceoxygenandglucoseD. breakdownfoodmoleculestoreleaseenergyintheformofATP

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5. CheetahsareaspeciesoflargewildcatsthatliveinAfrica.Theirpopulationshaveverylowlevelsofgeneticvariation.Howcouldthisaffectacheetahpopulation’sabilitytoevolveinresponsetochangesintheirenvironment,suchasdecreasednumbersofafavoriteprey?A. Whenpopulationshavelowgeneticdiversity,theywillalladaptquicklytoachanging

environment. B. Whenpopulationshavelowgeneticdiversity,theywillbeunabletogainvariationthrough

mutation.C. Whenpopulationshavelowgeneticdiversity,theyhavehighdiversityinphysicaltraits,and

someindividualswillprobablyfindanewkindofpreytoeat.D. Whenpopulationshavelowgeneticdiversity,itislesslikelythattheywillbeabletoadaptto

changedenvironmentandfindanewkindofpreytoeat.

6. Abbyanalyzeddatatodeterminewhetherlargerhabitatshaveahigherdiversityoforganisms.Shecollecteddataaboutbiodiversityofbirdsintemperateforestsbycountingthenumberofspeciesthatliveineachof5habitatsthatdifferedinsize.Thetablebelowshowsherdata.

HABITATSIZEANDNUMBEROFBIRDSPECIES NumberofBirdSpecies HabitatSize(km2)HabitatA 5 37HabitatB 17 248HabitatC 4 16HabitatD 12 123HabitatE 13 190

Basedonthedata,whatcanAbbyconcludeabouttherelationshipbetweenhabitatsizeanddiversityofbirds?A. Thereisnorelationshipbetweenhabitatsizeandnumberofbirdspecies.B. Ashabitatsizeincreases,thenumberofbirdspeciesinthehabitatdecreases.C. Ashabitatsizedecreases,thenumberofbirdspeciesinthehabitatdecreases.D. Ashabitatsizedecreases,thenumberofbirdspeciesinthehabitatincreases.

7. Lindaownsanorchardoforangetrees,andsheisworriedbecauseshenoticesthatmanyofherorangetreesareunhealthy.Theyappeartohaveverylittleresistancetoattackbyacertainfungusthatisdestroyingtheirleaves.Sheconsultswithsomebiologistfriends,andtheytellherthatherorchardisthreatenedbylowgeneticdiversity.Howcouldsheimprovetheabilityofherorchardtoresistdiseaseinthefuture?A. Shecouldsprayachemicalthatkillsthefungus,sotreeswillnothavetofightoffthefungus

attack.B. Shecouldintroduceanotherspeciesoffungustotheorchard,sothecurrentdamagingfungus

hastocompeteinordertosurvive.C. Shecouldpollinatehertreeswithpollenfromothertreesintheorchard,sonewtreeswill

havethesamesourcesofgeneticvariation.D. Shecouldpollinatehertreeswithpollenfromtreesfromadifferentorchard,sonewtrees

willhavenewsourcesofgeneticvariation.


8. Fruitfliesreproducequickly,soscientistscaneasilystudychangesthatoccurovergenerationsoffruitfliesastheyadapttoanenvironment. Carloswasconductinganexperimenttoseehowquicklydifferentpopulationsoffruitfliescouldevolveresistancetocoldtemperatures.Hepredictedthatfruitfliesfromnorthernclimateswouldevolveresistancetoextremecoldmorequicklythanfruitfliesfromsouthernclimates.Toconducthisexperiment,hecompletedthesesteps:1)Heraisedfruitfliesfrom3differentnorthernclimatesinseparateenclosedartificialenvironments.Someenvironmentsweresetatextremelycoldtemperaturesandsomeweresetatnormaltemperatures.2)Hecalculatedthepercentagethatdiedineachartificialenvironment.3)Heletthesurvivorsmatewithintheirartificialenvironment. 4)Hethencalculatedthepercentageofeachpopulationthatdiedineachartificialenvironmentthenextgenerationandrepeatedsteps2through4manytimes.5)Heplottedthedataonagraphandcomparedhowthepercentageoffruitfliesdyingineachgenerationdifferedbetweenfruitfliesintheextremelycoldversusthenormaltemperatureenclosures.6)Hefoundthatthattherewasnodifferencebetweenthetwoconditions. 7)Heconcludedthatthereisnodifferenceinbetweennorthernandsouthernfruitflypopulations’abilitytoadapttocoldtemperatures.Carlosmadeamistakewhenhedesignedtheexperiment.Whatistheflaw,andhowcouldheimprovehisdesign?A. Carlosneedstocomparefruitfliesfromagreaternumberofnorthernclimates.Hecoulduse

fruitfliesfrom6insteadof3differentnorthernclimates.B. Carlosneedstofocusonfruitfliesfromonlyonelocation.Heneedstoconductthesame

experimentbutusefruitfliesfromonlyonenorthernclimate.C. Carlosneedstocomparefruitfliesfromnorthernandsouthernclimates.Hecouldconduct

thesameexperimentwithfruitfliesfromsouthernclimatesandcomparetheresults.D. Carlosneedstocomparefruitfliestootherorganisms,suchasgrasshoppers,inordertomake

hisconclusion.Hecouldconductthesameexperimentongrasshoppersandcomparetheresults.

9. WhenavolcanoeruptedonasmallislandinthePacificOcean,thelavaandashcoveredmuchofthesurroundingforest.Thebirdsthatlivedinthisforestwereabletoflytosaferpartsoftheforest,buttheystayedontheislandbecauseitwastoofartoflytootherislands.Asaresult,thenumberofappropriatenestsitesavailableforbirdsthatalreadylivedintheremainingforestwassuddenlyverylimited.Whichbirdsdoyouthinkwouldbemostlikelytosurviveafterthevolcanoerupts?A. Competitionfornestingsiteswouldbetoogreatforanyofthebirdstosurvive.B. Birdsthatestablishnestingsitesafterthetimeofyearwhenmostbirdsestablishtheir

nestingsiteswouldsurvive.C. Birdsthatestablishnestingsitesduringthetimeofyearwhenmostbirdsestablishtheir

nestingsiteswouldsurvive.D. Birdsthatestablishnestingsitesbeforethetimeofyearwhenmostbirdsestablishtheir

nestingsiteswouldsurvive.

10. Xavierwasconductingalong‐termstudyoftwopopulationsofbutterflies.Bothpopulationshadthesamenumberofindividuals.Bothpopulationslivedinforeststhatwerethesamesize.PopulationAlivedinaforestthatwasfullofmilkweed,thefavoritefoodofthisbutterflyspecies.PopulationBlivedinaforestthathadlimitedamountsofmilkweedandotherfoods.Overmanyyears,Xavierfoundthatoneofthepopulationswasshowingsignsofevolutionarychange.Theirmouthpartswerechanging,andtheycouldgetfoodfromnewkindsofplants.Whichstatementexplainswhyonepopulationwouldbemorelikelytoevolveinresponsetonaturalselection?A. PopulationBwouldbemorelikelytochangebecauseithasareadysupplyoffood,andonly

certainbutterflieswouldbeabletosurvive.B. PopulationAwouldbemorelikelytochangebecauseithasareadysupplyoffood,andwould

behealthyenoughtorespondtonaturalselection.C. PopulationAwouldbemorelikelytochangebecauseithasalimitedamountoffood,and

somebutterfliesmightbebetterabletogetenoughfood,survive,andreproduce.D. PopulationBwouldbemorelikelytochangebecausethosebutterflieshavealimitedsupply

offood,andsomebutterfliesmightbebetterabletogetenoughfood,survive,andreproduce.

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37. Differentorganismsreproduceindifferentways.Someorganismsareabletoreproduceasexuallywhileothersareonlyabletoreproducesexually.Whatisonewaythatsexualreproductionisdifferentfromasexualreproduction?

A. Sexualreproductioninvolvesmitosis,whileasexualreproductiondoesnot. B. Sexualreproductioninvolvesmeiosis,whileasexualreproductiondoesnot. C. Sexualreproductionproducesmoreoffspringthanasexualreproduction.D. Sexualreproductionproducesoffspringwithlessvariationthanasexualreproduction.

38. Plants,fungi,andmanysingle‐celledorganismsareabletoreproduceasexually.Whatisamaincharacteristicofasexualreproduction?

A. offspringthataregeneticallyuniqueB. offspringthatarenotabletoreproduceC. onlyoneparentorganismthatisrequiredD. spermandeggthatjointhroughfertilization

39. Energygetstransferredthroughthefoodwebasplantsthatproducefoodareconsumedbyanimalsthatconsumeplants.Theenergyisfurthertransferthroughanimalsthatconsumeotheranimals.Whichstatementexplainswhathappenstothisenergywhenaplantdiesbeforeitisconsumed?A. Theenergydisappears.B. Theenergymustgotonewplantsthatgrowoutofdeadorganisms.C. Theenergycanonlygotoananimalscavengerthateatsthedeadorganism.D. Decomposersthatbreakdownthedeadorganismtakeinthestoredenergy.

40. Whichstatementcorrectlydescribestheroleofanherbivoreinafoodweb?A. Anherbivoreonlyconsumesplants.B. Anherbivoreeatsbothplantsandanimals.C. Anherbivoreisascavengerthatfeedsondeadanimals.D. Anherbivoreconvertssunlight,water,andcarbondioxideintofood.

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GRADE6

SC.6.L.14.1Describeandidentifypatternsinthehierarchicalorganizationoforganismsfromatomstomoleculesandcellstotissuestoorganstoorgansystemstoorganisms.SC.6.L.14.2Investigateandexplainthecomponentsofthescientifictheoryofcells(celltheory):allorganismsarecomposedofcells(single‐celledormulticellular),allcellscomefrompreexistingcells,andcellsarethebasicunitoflife. SC.6.L.14.3Recognizeandexplorehowcellsofallorganismsundergosimilarprocessestomaintainhomeostasis,includingextractingenergyfromfood,gettingridofwaste,andreproducing.SC.6.L.14.4Compareandcontrastthestructureandfunctionofmajororganellesofplantandanimalcells,includingcellwall,cellmembrane,nucleus,cytoplasm,chloroplasts,mitochondria,andvacuoles.SC.6.L.14.5Identifyandinvestigatethegeneralfunctionsofthemajorsystemsofthehumanbody(digestive,respiratory,circulatory,reproductive,excretory,immune,nervous,andmusculoskeletal)anddescribewaysthesesystemsinteractwitheachothertomaintainhomeostasis. SC.6.L.14.6Compareandcontrasttypesofinfectiousagentsthatmayinfectthehumanbody,includingviruses,bacteria,fungi,andparasites.SC.6.L.15.1AnalyzeanddescribehowandwhyorganismsareclassifiedaccordingtosharedcharacteristicswithemphasisontheLinnaeansystemcombinedwiththeconceptofDomains.MultipleChoiceIdentifythechoicethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

1. Luisismakingachartofcompoundsthatarefoundinthehumanbody.Whatisthemostcommoncompound

foundinthehumanbody?A. waterB. tablesaltC. carbondioxideD. sodiumbicarbonate

2. Kaylahasacatwithblueeyes.Thecolorofhercat’seyesisdeterminedbydeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA).TheDNAdirectswhichsubstancetoconstructtheseeyes?A. lipidsB. waterC. proteinsD. carbohydrates

3. Carbohydratesaremadeupofthreeofthesixmajormoleculesfoundinlivingthings.ThegeneralchemicalformulaforacarbohydrateisCH2O.Whichelementscombinetomakeacarbohydrate?A. copperandcobaltB. chlorineandoxygenC. carbon,helium,andoxygenD. carbon,hydrogen,andoxygen

4. Lingisplanningalonghike.Tomakesurehisbodyhassufficientwater,hepackstwobottlesofwater.Whathappenstobodycellsthatlosetoomuchwater?

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18. Mariellaisstudyinganewtypeoforganismthatshehasfound.Sheobservesthatthecellsoftheorganismhaveribosomes,mitochondria,andlysosomes.Shealsoobservesthatthecellsdonothaveacellwall.WhattypeoforganismisMariellamostlikelytohavefound? A. aplantB. afungusC. ananimalD. aprokaryote

19. Whenvirusparticlesenteraperson’sbody,thebodyrespondsbyfollowingaspecificpattern.Whichofthefollowingstepshappensearliestinthefightagainstaninvadingvirus?A. Viralparticlesareengulfedbymacrophages.B. Bcellsdividetomakecellsthatcanmakeantibodies.C. HelperTcellsrecognizetheviralantigensonmacrophages.D. KillerTcellsrecognizeviralantigensanddestroytheinfectedcells.

20. Themalereproductivesystemproducesandstoresspermcells.Whatisthefunctionoftheepididymisinthissystem?A. makespermB. storespermC. maketestosteroneD. storetestosterone

21. Atpuberty,hormonesencouragethedevelopmentofsexualcharacteristics.Hormonesalsoaidinreproduction.Whichofthefollowingarefemalesexhormones?

A. corpusluteumB. gonads,gametesC. estrogen,progesteroneD. androgens,testosterone

22. Jefffellwhileplayingbasketballanddislocatedhisshoulder.Jeff’sdoctortoldhimthathehadinjuredanimportantpartofhisskeletalsystem.Butluckily,itwillhealquickly.Whatpartoftheskeletalsystemisinjuredwhenashoulderisdislocated?

A. jointB. spongyboneC. bonemarrowD. compactbone

23. Thehumanmuscularsystemcansufferinjuryordisease.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelycausedbyaperson’sheredity?

A. tendonitisB. musculardystrophyC. amusclestrainD. amuscletear

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Animal1 Animal2 Animal3 Animal4•hasgills•hasscales•hasaverticaltailfin•hasonelargefinandonesmallfinonitsback•hasonesetofpairedfins •hastwosinglefinsonbottom•finsarespiny•isdarkcolored

•hasgills•hasveryshinyscales•hasverticaltailfin•hasonefinonitsback •hasonesetofpairedfins•hasonefinonbottom•hassaw‐likeridgesonbackandbottombehindthefins

•hasonefinonitsback•hasflattail•hasonesetofpairedflippers•hassmoothskin•haslong,skinnynose•hasblowholeintopofhead•isgraycolored

•hasfur•hasfourfeet•hasflipperlikerearfeet•haswhiskers•hassharpteeth•ismostlyblackwithlighter‐coloredhead

BasedonSelena’snotes,whichtwoanimalsmaybemorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthantotheotheranimals? A. 1and2B. 1and3C. 2and3D. 3and4

30. Hankdiscoversanewsquirrelthatlivesnearanothergroupofsquirrels.Thenewsquirrelshaveverydistinctfurcolorsandhaveslightlydifferentearsandtails.Otherwisetheylookmuchthesamephysicallyastheothergroupofsquirrels.HowcanHankbestdetermineifthenewsquirrelsbelongtothesamespeciesastheothergroupofsquirrels?

A. Hecouldstudytheirdiets.B. Hecouldstudytheirbehavior.C. Hecouldstudytheirgeneticmaterial.D. Hecouldstudytheirinternalphysicalstructures.

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26. Ritawantstomakesometoastforbreakfast,whichsheknowsinvolvesachemicalchangetothebread.Sheputsasliceofbreadinthetoaster,but,after10minutes,shenoticesthatthesidesofthebreadareblack.Whatcausedthischemicalchangetogotoofar?A. anincreaseintemperatureB. adecreaseintemperatureC. thesizeofthebreadD. thetypeofbread

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A conductionB convectionC insulationD radiation

18. Jeriahplacestwometalcubesincontactwitheachother.EnergyasheatflowsfromCubeAtoCubeB.WhatconclusioncanyoudrawregardingCubeA?

A ItislargerthanCubeB.B ItiscoolerthanCubeB.C ItissmallerthanCubeB.D ItiswarmerthanCubeB.

19. Kirbyleavesabeakerofwaterat80ºCtostandinaroomwithanairtemperatureof20ºC.Hemeasuresthetemperatureofthewaterinthebeakereveryfiveminutes.Atwhattemperaturewillthewatertemperaturestopdecreasing?

A 0°CB 20°CC 50°CD 80°C

20. Tranplacesawarmplatewithatemperatureof60°Conabenchthatisatatemperatureof25°C.Afteranhour,theplateandthebenchareatthesametemperature.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribeswhatoccursduringthehour?

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60°C.B Thetemperatureofthebenchstaysthesame,whilethetemperatureoftheplatedecreasesto

25°C.C Thetemperatureoftheplateandthebenchbothdecreaseuntiltheyreachatemperatureof0

°C.D Thetemperatureoftheplatedecreasesto30°C,whilethetemperatureofthebenchincreases

to30°C.

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