Life is CellularWednesday, January 23, 2013

Warm-Up:Tuesday, January 23, 2013

Work together with your classmates using your pieces to form one, big puzzle piece!!

Objectives:

• By the end of class today, students will be able to:– Describe the cell theory and differentiate between prokaryotic and

eukaryotic by completing their “Life is Cellular” packet

• Cell- – Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell

from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life.

Sentence: All ________________ are made up of cells.• Cell theory-

– Idea that all living things are composed of cells and new cells are produced from existing cells.

Sentence: New cells are produced from _________ __________; this is called the cell theory.

• Cell Membrane- – Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves

the cell.The cell membrane helps _____________ the cell.

Vocabulary

• Cell Wall- – Strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some

bacteria.

Sentence: Cell walls are found in _____________ cells.• Nucleus-

– large structure inside some cells that contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell’s activities.

Sentence: The nucleus carries _________________. It acts like the ________ of the cell.

• Cytoplasm- – material inside the cell membrane- but not including the nucleus.

Sentence: The cytoplasm contains the ____________ within the cell; except the ___________.

2 Types of Cells…

1. Prokaryote- – single-celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus.Sentence: Prokaryotes have no ________, such as ________________.

2. Eukaryote- – organism whose cells contain nucleiSentence: Eukaryotes have a __________ , such as ______________.

Organelles

Organelle: Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.

Sentence: “Organelles have specific _________ within the _________.”

Life is Cellular1. Cell Theory states three main points:

A. All living things are composed of cells.B. Cells are the basic units of structure and

function in living things.C. New cells are produced from existing cells

• 2. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes• A. Cells of Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus,

but cells of Eukaryotes do.• B. Prokaryotes: have cell membranes and

cytoplasm but do not contain nuclei**All bacteria are prokaryotes

Eukaryotes: do contain nuclei, a cell membrane and cytoplasm, plus organelles (specialized structures that perform important cellular functions)

– e. Can be single-celled organisms or large multicellular organisms

– f. All plants, animals, fungi, and many microorganisms are eukaryotes

Essential Questions• What is the difference between an prokaryote and a

eukaryote cell?

Prokaryote Eukaryote

Sentence Starter:“A prokaryote/eukaryote cell has _________. An example would be ______________.”

Think,Pair,

Share

Be prepared to share!!!

Draw the two different cells:

Create a Table at the End of your notes:

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Has organelles in the cytoplasm

No Nucleus

Bacteria

Has a nucleus

Warm up 1-24-2013

Thursday, January 24th 2013Warm-Up

• List the 3 pain points of the CELL THEORY.

• FUN FACT! – The human body is made up of 60-90 TRILLIAN cells!!!!!

• Objective: By the end of the period, students will be able to identify at least 5 organelles and describe their functions by participating in a group activity.

• Play Video

What is an Organelle??• Organelle = “little organ”• A specialized structure that performs

important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell

• What are some organelles we have already discussed in class?

Organelles of the CellReview…

• Cell Wall– In plant cells, but not animal cells– Provides support and protection for the cell: ridged, strong, stiff– Made mostly of cellulose: a tough carbohydrate fiber– Comparable to farm fence: keeps the cell (dairy cow herd) safe from

the outside environment.

Organelles of the Cell• Cell Membrane

– Thin, flexible barrier around the cell– Regulates what enters & leaves the cell– In both plants & animals– Provides support, protection & controls movement of materials in &

out of cell– Comparable to a farm gate: keeps some things off the dairy while

allowing some things to pass through.

Cytoplasm

– Material inside the cell membrane, not including nucleus– In plant & animal cells– Supports & protects cell organelles– Comparable to a pasture/field/open space on a dairy farm: contains

the parts of the cell.

The Cell’s Organelles!• Nucleus

– Inside the cell; contains genetic material – Controls cells activities– In plant AND animal cells– The control center of the dairy farm is the farm office!!

Nucleolus (Nucleoli)– Small, dense region within the nucleus– Where DNA is stored– In plant AND animal cells– Nucleolus is comparable to FARM RECORDS on a dairy farm…

Because?

In the cell dwells organelles!

• Nuclear Envelope– Surrounds the nucleus, double membrane– Controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus– In plant AND animal cells– It is the fence around the dairy farm office. Why is that?

Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)

– Network of tubes or membranes – smooth and rough– where parts of the cell’s membrane are assembled and carries

materials through the cell.– In both plant and animal cells– On a dairy farm, these would be pens and corrals

because…

– Free bodies found throughout the cytoplasm or bound to the E.R. – Produces proteins– In both animal and plant cells– Compared to a dairy cow: Dairy cows produce milk just like ribosomes

produce protein!

Ribosome

Protein

Mitochondria– Bean-shaped with inner membranes– Breaks down sugar molecules into energy; POWER stations!– In both animal and plant cells– Much like a dairy manure digester that collects methane gas from

manure and uses it to generate electricity.

Golgi Body/Apparatus – Modifies, sorts, & packages proteins for storage in the cell or release

outside of the cell.– Appears to be folded– Plant & animal cells– Comparable to a dairy products processing plant: where cheese, milk,

other dairy products are packaged and shipped out!

Vacuole • Vacuole

– Fluid-filled sacs– Store food, water, waste– Plant cells have a few, large vacuoles while animal cells have many

small ones

Lysosome• Lysosome

– Helps break down materials into smaller molecules that can be used by the cell

– Small, Round with a membrane– Plant & animal cells– What breaks down material on a dairy farm?

Chloroplasts• Green, oval, usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment)• Uses energy from the sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis)• In plant cells NOT animal cells• Can be comparable to solar energy panels. Why is this?

Animal Cell

Plant Cell