Life in the Southern United States: 1820-1860

Summarize how the Southern economy changed due to the introduction of the

cotton gin

Explain the correlation between increased cotton production & slavery

LearningLearning ObjectivesObjectives (aka. What I want you to learn today!)

AntebellumAntebellum

EmancipationEmancipation

EconomyEconomy

Presentation Vocabulary

THE ANTEBELLUM SOUTH

Antebellum = “before war” So when someone says, The Antebellum South,

He/she means … Life in the South before the American Civil War

EMANCIPATION

Emancipation = “to set free” So when someone says,

The farmer emancipated his enslaved people,

He/she means … The farmer set his enslaved people free

ECONOMY

ECONOMY = “a country’s resources, jobs, & production

interacting” So when someone says, The Southern

Economy was built around farming,

He/she means … Most of the South’s jobs & people making money,

were connected to farming

EmancipationEmancipation in the North in the North

Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise 18201820

Most common occupation = FARMING

Not many factoriesWeak banking system

Relatively few Railroads

IV.ANTEBELLUM SOUTHERN SOCIETY

So if most people are farmers, what did they grow?

So if most people are farmers, what did

they grow?

A “Cotton Boll”

BY 1850, IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES …

“COTTON IS KING”

SSoouutthheerrnn A Aggrriiccuullttuurree

A COTTON GIN (SHORT FOR COTTON ENGINE]) IS A MACHINE THAT QUICKLY AND EASILY SEPARATES THE COTTON FIBERS FROM THE SEEDS, A JOB PREVIOUSLY

DONE BY HAND.

18201820

18601860

Changes in Cotton ProductionChanges in Cotton Production

Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US Exports

Cotton is measured in “BALES”

More BALES of Cotton!

How many more BALES of cotton were produced in 1860 compared to 1800?

What else was necessary for cotton production to increase by

4 million bales?

Slaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi Plantation

““Hauling the Whole Week’s Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”Pickings”

William Henry Brown, 1842William Henry Brown, 1842

Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin

Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin

Where is cotton

production thriving?

ENSLAVED-PERSON POPULATION COTTON

PRODUCTION

Darker areas =

high slave population

Northern Factories

European Markets

What is the South’s COTTON KINGDOM doing once they harvest

all this cotton? Who is buying cotton?

COTTON GIN

ENSLAVED PEOPLE Northern U.S. & EUROPE had a high

demand for cotton to be used in textile

factories

REVIEW: REASONS for COTTON PRODUCTION INCREASE