Life in the Colonies TSSBAT: Trace the development of representative government Describe the impact of triangular trade on the colonies. Analyze the impact

Life in the Colonies

TSSBAT:Trace the development of representative governmentDescribe the impact of triangular trade on the colonies. Analyze the impact of the great awakeningEvaluate the economies of the early economies.

Patroon

• Landowner with manorial rights in the Dutch colony of New Netherland.

Peter Stuyvesant

• The last Director of the colony of New Netherland before it became New York.

Duke of York

• Second son of the English Monarch

• Shown in the picture is Prince Andrew.

ProtestantsRomanCatholics

ChurchOfEngland

Puritans

Other Europeanswho came to Americafor Religious Freedom

Separatistswho came to Americafor Religious Freedom

Catholics who want to change the Roman Catholic Church from within.

Puritans who want to change the Church of England from within.

Protestant Reformation 1500-1620

Puritans

• Didn’t think English Reformation went far enough, they still seemed Catholic.

• They migrated for religious freedom.

Printing press Bible translations separation in Christianity

Puritan Beliefs• (1) that personal salvation was entirely from

God, • (2) that the Bible provided the indispensable

guide to life, • (3) that the church should reflect the express

teaching of Scripture, and • (4) that society was one unified whole.

Spanish Armada

• For years, England and Spain disagreed over trading and religion.

• In 1585, Spain waged and unsuccessful war against England.

• After the war, England would begin its efforts to colonize in the Americas.

Lost Colony of Roanoke

• In 1585 In 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh Sir Walter Raleigh was granted the right to colonize North was granted the right to colonize North America by the Queen.America by the Queen.

• What happened to the colony?What happened to the colony?

• Nobody knows. Maybe they went to live with Nobody knows. Maybe they went to live with Indians up north, maybe they were attacked Indians up north, maybe they were attacked

by other Indians or Spain.by other Indians or Spain.

Jamestown

15 years after Raleigh's failure at 15 years after Raleigh's failure at Roanoke, companies began seeking Roanoke, companies began seeking the right to colonize and profit from the right to colonize and profit from North America.North America.

The The Virginia Company Virginia Company was granted the was granted the right to inhabit Virginia (a charter)right to inhabit Virginia (a charter)

Joint Stock CompanyJoint Stock CompanyThe Virginia Company was owned by The Virginia Company was owned by a a group of investorsgroup of investors who never went to who never went to North America. The North America. The investors hoped investors hoped to profitto profit from the colonists efforts. from the colonists efforts.

NotesEarly British Settlements #7

Jamestown

Captain John SmithCaptain John Smith—made early contact —made early contact with Natives and forced the colonists to with Natives and forced the colonists to grow food rather than search for grow food rather than search for treasure. After leaving in 1609 the treasure. After leaving in 1609 the Jamestown Colony Jamestown Colony failed, with failed, with numerous people dying of disease and numerous people dying of disease and starvation (starvation (the starving timethe starving time), until the ), until the roughly 1614roughly 1614

TobaccoTobaccoIn 1614, tobacco became a major cash In 1614, tobacco became a major cash crop that saved the economy of crop that saved the economy of Jamestown—the colony began to grow Jamestown—the colony began to grow rapidly thereafter. By 1620, there were rapidly thereafter. By 1620, there were more than 1,000 residents.more than 1,000 residents.


JamestownTobaccoTobaccoIn 1614, tobacco became a major cash crop that saved the In 1614, tobacco became a major cash crop that saved the economy of Jamestowneconomy of Jamestown

Early Relationship with NativesEarly Relationship with NativesThere was early success between the colonists and Chief Powatan. There was early success between the colonists and Chief Powatan. Even though there was fighting between the settlers and the Even though there was fighting between the settlers and the Powatans, they helped the settlers through the ‘starving time’ Powatans, they helped the settlers through the ‘starving time’ through offerings lead by Pocahantas. War would continue, only through offerings lead by Pocahantas. War would continue, only 60 of the 400 settlers made it through the starving time and wars 60 of the 400 settlers made it through the starving time and wars between 1609-1610.between 1609-1610.

House of BurgessesThe first democracy in the Americas.


Plymouth Colony

SeparatistsSeparatists got their name for wanting to got their name for wanting to separate from the Church of England. separate from the Church of England. They were part of a group called They were part of a group called PuritansPuritans, people who wanted to change , people who wanted to change the Church of England (Anglican Church).the Church of England (Anglican Church).

Separatist Come to AmericaSeparatist Come to America—they wanted —they wanted to start their own church in the Americas. to start their own church in the Americas. (religious freedom)(religious freedom)

Mayflower PassengersMayflower PassengersNot everyone was a Separatist on the Not everyone was a Separatist on the

voyage. Some, called ‘strangers’, were voyage. Some, called ‘strangers’, were indentured servants, craftspeople, and indentured servants, craftspeople, and poor farmers. (economic opportunity)poor farmers. (economic opportunity)

Mayfower Destination Mayfower Destination was the Virginia was the Virginia region. Yet, they were off course, landing region. Yet, they were off course, landing far north at Cape Cod (in MA).far north at Cape Cod (in MA).


Mayflower compact

Plymouth Colony

Mayflower CompactMayflower CompactBefore arriving on the shore, an agreement Before arriving on the shore, an agreement

was made to follow the orders of elected was made to follow the orders of elected leaders. Government should operate by leaders. Government should operate by consensus and remain loyal to the crown.consensus and remain loyal to the crown.

Economic ArrangementEconomic ArrangementThe Mayflower passengers were supported The Mayflower passengers were supported

by investors. They had to share their by investors. They had to share their profits with investors. profits with investors.

HardshipsHardshipsLife was difficult. Soil was not best for Life was difficult. Soil was not best for

farming. They would be largely farming. They would be largely dependent on imports from England for dependent on imports from England for subsistence and focus their work on subsistence and focus their work on export products. Natives helped them export products. Natives helped them grow crops that were suitable to the grow crops that were suitable to the region (i.e., corn).region (i.e., corn).


Plymouth Colony

Relationship with Native AmericansRelationship with Native AmericansAs the Mass Bay colony grew, Puritans had As the Mass Bay colony grew, Puritans had

little tolerance for the non-converted little tolerance for the non-converted Natives.Natives.

In 1636, war broke out with the Pequot In 1636, war broke out with the Pequot people (Pequot War), and the British people (Pequot War), and the British responded by burning down the natives responded by burning down the natives village. In the 1670s King Charles village. In the 1670s King Charles ordered the destruction of multiple native ordered the destruction of multiple native peoples in the Colony (King Phillip’s War).peoples in the Colony (King Phillip’s War).


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/Early_American_Conflict.jpg

Mayflower Compact

Compact Pledges1. Loyal to God2. Subjects of the King.3. Create a government for order and to preserve society.• Obedience to laws and officers.

Do you feel it would be fair for you to make such a pledge in America? What about the pledge or compact is unfair?

Plimouth Plantation

• Living museum of the Plymouth Plantation settled by the Pilgrims.

• Migrated for religious freedom.

Squanto

• Assisted the pilgrims with their first winter in the colonies.

Samoset

• First Native to make contact with the Pilgrims

NotesNew England Colonies #8

Great Migration Begins

The Massachusetts Bay Colony would be a different society—based on the Bible.

John Winthrop, the colonies’ first governor, wanted to make the colony a “city upon a hill” for God to see.

During the 1630’s more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts.

In the colony, all government officials were ministers or church leaders.


Great Migration Begins

In the colony, all government officials were ministers or church leaders. This resulted in a very intolerant society.

Examples of an intolerant society:

1.Social Customs—women who committed adultery were braded with the letter A2.Religious Practices—everyone was required to attend church and obey the church clergy3.Government and the Courts were run by clergy/elders. Banishment, flogging,


Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

The first written constitution in America.

Tom HookerTom HookerLed a group of Massachusetts Bay Led a group of Massachusetts Bay

Colonists to Connecticut—a new Colonists to Connecticut—a new colony was formed.colony was formed.

He left because the church He left because the church government was not democratic. government was not democratic. Ministers and the church Ministers and the church hierarchy ran the courts and hierarchy ran the courts and government—he wanted the government—he wanted the church members to make church members to make decisions and be office holders.decisions and be office holders.

How democratic

was the Fundamental

Orders?


Native American Wars

King Philip’s WarKing Philip’s War

After the trial and execution of After the trial and execution of three three Wampanoags for murder of a Native Christian convert, war broke out in the New England Colonies. The Natives were lead by The Natives were lead by Metacomet (or King Philip). Metacomet (or King Philip).

In the 1670s King Charles ordered In the 1670s King Charles ordered the destruction of multiple native the destruction of multiple native peoples in the Colony.peoples in the Colony.

800 out of 52,000 English colonists (1 out of every 65) and 3,000 out of 20,000 natives (3 out of every 20) lost their lives due to the war, which makes it proportionately one of the bloodiest and costliest in the history of America

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/Early_American_Conflict.jpg


Forming of Rhode Island

Roger WilliamsRoger Williams was a was a minister in the minister in the Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay Colony.Colony.

He led a group of his He led a group of his congregation to a new congregation to a new land—forming the land—forming the colony of Rhode Island.colony of Rhode Island.

He left for religious He left for religious freedom—unhappy with freedom—unhappy with the strict Puritan ways the strict Puritan ways and the treatment of the and the treatment of the native people.native people.

How democratic was

the colony of Rhode Island compared to

Massachusetts and

Connecticut?


Forming of Rhode Island

Ann HutchinsonAnn Hutchinson was a was a colonist in colonist in Massachusetts who Massachusetts who challenged the Puritan challenged the Puritan religious authority.religious authority.

She was banished from the She was banished from the colony for believing that colony for believing that each individual can have each individual can have a relationship with Goda relationship with God—even without the bible —even without the bible and their ministers.and their ministers.

How do you feel about

Williams and Hutchinson’s

views?

Would you have acted similarly?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Anne_Hutchinson_on_Trial.jpg


http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SALEM.HTM


Economy of New England

Subsistence FarmingSubsistence Farming is when a farmer is when a farmer only grows enough food, or earns enough only grows enough food, or earns enough from his crop, to meet the basic needs of from his crop, to meet the basic needs of

his family.his family.

Most New England farmers (1620-1700) were Most New England farmers (1620-1700) were subsistence farmers because the growing subsistence farmers because the growing

seasons were too short and the soil was seasons were too short and the soil was rocky.rocky.


Economy of New England(after 1700) The growth of small and large (after 1700) The growth of small and large

businesses would grow as cities would grow.businesses would grow as cities would grow.

Small BusinessSmall Business

1.1. Lumber MillsLumber Mills2.2. WomenWomen

Cottage industries (candle making, soap, clothing)Cottage industries (candle making, soap, clothing)

3.3. CraftspeopleCraftspeopleSkilled trade workers (blacksmiths, shoe makers, Skilled trade workers (blacksmiths, shoe makers,

furniture makers, gunsmiths, printers).furniture makers, gunsmiths, printers).

Large BusinessLarge Business

1.1. FishingFishing2.2. ShipbuildingShipbuilding3.3. Shipping/TradeShipping/Trade

Just to be sure…

• ExportSomething that country sends out

ImportSomething the country takes in from another country


Triangular TradeEurope, Africa, CaribbeanEurope, Caribbean, New EnglandNew England, Africa, Caribbean


TradeNew England was the wealthiest colonial region because it controlled European trade from the American colonies.

Triangular TradeIn order to maximize profit (always carrying a full load of cargo), triangular routes were developed by the shipping industry.

The worst part (inhuman) of the trade was the middle passage.

Slavery in the Colonies

• Over 11 million Africans were sold in slavery in the Americas.

• Most were sent to plantations in Brazil and the West Indies.

• Ends with the 13th amendment in 1865

NotesSouthern Colonies #10

Slave Labor

What does your graph show?What does your graph show?


Economy of the South

Plantations are large farms that Plantations are large farms that grow a cash crop for profit. grow a cash crop for profit. Plantations dominate the Plantations dominate the economy of all southern economy of all southern coloniescolonies

What does your graph show?What does your graph show?

While the Sothern economy While the Sothern economy was controlled by was controlled by plantations plantations most white most white farmers were subsistence or farmers were subsistence or tenant farmers.tenant farmers.


Native American WarsAfter the Great Migration of Puritans in the After the Great Migration of Puritans in the

1630s, armed conflict began with the 1630s, armed conflict began with the Native Americans.Native Americans.

Pequot WarPequot War In 1636, war broke out with the In 1636, war broke out with the

Pequot people (Pequot War) in Pequot people (Pequot War) in new colony of Connecticut. The new colony of Connecticut. The cause of the war was primarily due cause of the war was primarily due to fur trading. The Puritans did to fur trading. The Puritans did not want to trade with Pequot, not want to trade with Pequot, causing the Pequot to attack a causing the Pequot to attack a Mohegan andMohegan and Mattabesic trading posts. The Puritans responded by The Puritans responded by burning down the natives village. burning down the natives village.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Pequot_war.jpg

ConclusionNew England Colonies #8

Religious Freedom

Government Economy

Great Migration

Anne Hutchinson

Roger Williams

John Winthrop/ MA Bay Colony

Challenged religious beliefs

Preached TolerationBegan Rhode Island

Lack of Toleration until 1693Plymouth Colonists

Thomas Hooker

Separation Church/ State

Mayflower Compact Fundamental Orders of CT

Salem Witch Trials

Subsistence Farming

Lumber Mills Craftsman

Shipping/Triangular Trade

Fishing

Middle Passage

NotesMiddle Colonies #9

England Takes Over Third Region

In 1664 England sends a naval fleet to attack the Dutch Colony of New Amsterdam. The Dutch were unprepared to protect themselves, the English took over without a fight.

The King granted New Amsterdam to his brother—the Duke of York.

The Duke of York renamed the colony New York.


Religious Freedom

Due to the colony having a diverse population, the Duke of York promises religious freedom..

Government

The Duke of York appointed a Governor and Council of Advisors.

The colonists demanded a representative government.

The Duke resisted, keeping control for almost 40 years.


New Jersey

The Duke of York granted the Southern lands of New York to a pair of proprietors—Lord Berkery and Sir Carteret.

Yet, in 1701 the colony was given back to the king—making it a Royal Colony like New York.


Pennsylvania

In order to repay a debt, the King repaid William Penn by giving him the lands that is now Pennsylvania.

William Penn was a Quaker. Quakers believed:

1. That all humans are equal in the eyes of God.

2. In pacifism. This means they believed in non-violence and therefore would not fight in wars.


Pennsylvania

Holy ExperimentPennsylvania was an opportunity to

put Quaker ideals into law.

In 1682, the city of Philadelphia was built, which would later be known as “the city of brotherly love.” because of Penn’s Quaker ideals.

Penn would sign peace agreements with Indians and would demand religious freedom for all faiths—not just the Quakers.


Pennsylvania

Charter of LibertiesIn 1701, Penn

granted the colonist the right of a democratic representative government.

ConclusionMiddle Colonies


Economy of the Middle Colonies

Due to the diverse population from many parts of Europe, the Middle Colonies did very well because the immigrants brought with them their knowledge of farming from their homelands.

Unlike the South and North, a large middle class developed from farming and they often traded within their colony rather than export to Europe.

NotesColonial Life #11

Colonial Governments

CharterRight to settle for a specific purpose. Colonists elected their own legislators and governors. King/Parliament must approve Governor.

ProprietaryRight to settle given to one person or a group of individual people. Proprietors could run colony how they wish.

RoyalRight of settlement controlled by King/Parliament. King appointed Governor and colonists elected legislature.



Colonizing Maryland

Maryland was the dream of George Maryland was the dream of George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)—a Catholic. Calvert (Lord Baltimore)—a Catholic. He wanted the land to be a haven He wanted the land to be a haven for persecuted Catholics in Europe.for persecuted Catholics in Europe.

Land was given to Calvert by the Land was given to Calvert by the King in order to repay a debt to King in order to repay a debt to Calvert. He in turn divided the land Calvert. He in turn divided the land

amongst his two sons.amongst his two sons.

The Calvert further divided the land The Calvert further divided the land into large estates to relatives and alsointo large estates to relatives and alsopeople of wealth or royal descent. people of wealth or royal descent. This This

created an aristocratic class in Maryland created an aristocratic class in Maryland ((a class of wealth and powera class of wealth and power). Other ). Other people people came because of the 100 acre policies came because of the 100 acre policies for each man, each wife, each child for each man, each wife, each child each slave.each slave.


Plantations in Maryland

Maryland estates are Maryland estates are frequently turned into frequently turned into plantations (Large farms plantations (Large farms that grew a cash crop for that grew a cash crop for profit). profit).

In Colonial America, labor on In Colonial America, labor on plantations used plantations used unskilled unskilled paid laborpaid labor, , indentured indentured servantsservants, and , and slavesslaves. .


Act of Toleration

With With growing conflicts between growing conflicts between the Catholic and Protestantsthe Catholic and Protestants, , Lord Baltimore passes Lord Baltimore passes a law a law allowing Catholics and allowing Catholics and Protestants to follow their Protestants to follow their religion freelyreligion freely..

Yet, Yet, more Protestants moved to more Protestants moved to Maryland than Catholics and Maryland than Catholics and the conflicts continued. The the conflicts continued. The Act of Toleration was not Act of Toleration was not followed followed even though it was even though it was law.law.

50 years after the Act, the 50 years after the Act, the Anglican Church becomes the Anglican Church becomes the official church of Maryland—official church of Maryland—not Catholicism.not Catholicism.

such as Mass Bay

Such as Quakers

such asMaryland

Christian Religions of EuropeProtestant Reformation 1500-1600s

ProtestantsRomanCatholics

ChurchOf

EnglandPuritans

Europeanswho came to Americafor Religious Freedom

Separatistswho came to Americafor Religious Freedom

Catholics who want to change the Roman Catholic Church from within.

Puritans who want to change the Church of England from within.


Virginia Expands

As other colonies were being As other colonies were being formed (such as Maryland), formed (such as Maryland), Virginia Virginia continued to grow continued to grow after the settlement of after the settlement of JamestownJamestown. .

The leading cash crop was Tobacco.

In the 1640s, the governor of Virginia made an agreement with Native Americans that colonists would not settle west of the coastal areas of Virginia.


Virginia Expands

In the 1640s, the governor of Virginia made an agreement with Native Americans that colonists would not settle west of the coastal areas of Virginia.

Bacon’s rebellion began because a group of colonists wanted to settle the western areas of Virginia. The uprising was lead by Nathaniel Bacon, a western Virginian planter. Bacon lead attacks on Native Villages and set fire to the capital of Jamestown.

Bacon’s rebellion showed that colonists were not willing to be restricted in their settlement west.


Colonizing Georgia

Georgia, the last of the British Colonies was founded in 1733. The charter was granted to James Oglethorpe.

Georgia was founded to:1. A Penal Colony for debtors.2. A geographic barrier protecting the

English Colonies from Spanish Florida.

Oglethorpe would attack Florida in an attempt to acquire more land for England (increasing the military buffer) and to demonstrate England’s resolve to protect it’s colonies.


Colonizing Georgia

Colonists were upset with Oglethorpe’s strict restrictions. They wanted more land, the sale of liquor, and slavery.

By 1751, Oglethorpe, fed up with colonists demands, gave up and returned the colony to the King.

Conclusion Southern Colonies #10

Penal Colony Aristocratsfor Debtors 100 Acre Policies

Western Settlement

Plantation Farming

Bacon’s Rebellion

Act of Toleration

Haven for Catholics


Political History of England

Magna Carta—1215

Began the system of checking the power of the Monarchy (the King of England)—a legislative branch (The fighting in North America in 1754 lead to a new war in Europe known as the •Parliament) would share power with the King

Parliamentary Government

•The House of Lords (non-elected)•The House of Commons (elected)

Glorious Revolution (1688)When King Charles is replace by brother James, James tries to take power away from the British Parliament (legislative branch). Parliament forced James out of office and replaced him with his daughter, Mary.

English Bill of Rights (1689)Gave due process rights to English subjects– rights in British Courts and to right to Petition the King.


Political History of England

Magna Carta—1215• Began the system of checking the power of the Monarchy (the King of England)—a legislative branch (Parliament) would share power with the King

Parliamentary Government•The House of Lords (non-elected)•The House of Commons (elected)



English Colonial Rule

Navigation Acts (1651-1673)Limited Colonial trade with other countries. Colonial Shipping to Europe was directed by England and certain products were not allowed to be sold to any country other than England.

MercantilismEngland viewed the Colonies as an economic resource to build its own wealth. New England and Southern colonies greatly dependent on England for economy (Triangular Trade/Plantations)


Emerging CultureReligionNo religion was less tolerant than other religions in the 1600s than the Puritan faith in the English Colonies. After the Great Migration of Puritans, many other faiths would come to Colonial America.

In the 1700s, the Great Awakening (a period of religious growth), swept throughout the colonies. Many new churches began in America and the family formed as the foundation of colonial society. With the birth of many new Christian faiths, the conflicts between religions reduced in the

colonies.


Emerging Culture

Family LifeMen were the heads of households and women were under their authority. Women could attend church but rarely were allowed to be church leaders nor could they vote in elections. Young men were sent to be indentured servants to other families in the hopes that they could learn a trade. Education for children was increasingly valued in colonial homes.

Apprentice SystemA young man who works for a period of time as an indentured servant to learn a trade under a craftsman or professional.


Emerging Culture

ReligionNo religion was less tolerant than other religions in the 1600s than the Puritan faith in the English Colonies. After the Great Migration of Puritans, many other faiths would come to Colonial America.In the 1700s, the Great Awakening (a period of religious growth), swept throughout the colonies. Many new churches began in America and the family formed as the foundation of colonial society. With the birth of many new Christian faiths, the conflicts between religions reduced in the colonies.

Family LifeMen were the heads of households and women were under their authority. Women could attend church but rarely were allowed to be church leaders nor could they vote in elections. Young men were sent to be indentured servants to other families in the hopes that they could learn a trade. Education for children was increasingly valued in colonial homes.

Apprentice SystemA young man who works for a period of time as an indentured servant to learn a trade under a craftsman or professional.


Do we have a class system in the United States today?

Colonial Life #11

Plantation

Farming

controls

South

economy

Large LandownersMerchantsSmall FarmersTradespeopleRentersWorkersIndentured ServentsSlaves

Govt. Officials

Church Officials

TriangularTrade

large part of NE economy

Middle Colonies independent

Great Migration-Puritans 1630s

Great Awakening of Christians 1700s

RoyalCharter Proprietary

The British North American colonies developed their own practices of politics, religion, and economics, independent of Great Britain

NavigationActs

TEST REVIEW

The British North American colonies developed their own practices of politics, religion, and economics, independent of Great Britain

1. What type of farmers were most New England and Southern farmers and why were the middle colonies different?

2. Why was triangular trade important to the New England and Sothern colonies?3. What were the Navigation Acts and what do the laws say about England’s view of the colonies?

1. How was the government of Massachusetts Bay different in the 1600s than the colonies of Rhode Island and Connecticut?

2. What was positive that came from the Salem Witch Trials?3. What events in England helped shape government in the Colonies?

1. In what ways were the colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Pennsylvania similar and different from each other?

2. Are the founding of Maryland and Rhode Island more similar to Massachusetts or Pennsylvania?3. Why was the Anglican faith the official religion in most colonies?

The War that Made America

The British have won the war, but they find their vast North American empire difficult to manage.

Many Indians, tired of British broken promises and disrespect, join together and launch attacks on Britain’s frontier forts. In an attempt to stop the conflict with Indians, King George issues the Proclamation of 1763, declaring that all lands west of the Allegheny Mountains belong to the Indians. The Colonists are upset with the Proclamation. Some Colonists take matters into their own hands and begin a campaign of anti-Indian violence.

The financial pressure on the colonists mounts as a series of taxes is levied by the British Crown to pay for the war.

NotesCauses of European Colonization #6

Brazil

Documents

Life in the Colonies TSSBAT: Trace the development of representative government Describe the impact of triangular trade on the colonies. Analyze the impact