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bybyAssoc.Prof.DrAssoc.Prof.Dr. Thumrongrut Mungcharoen. Thumrongrut Mungcharoen
Acting Director Acting Director Focus Center on LCA and Focus Center on LCA and EcoProductEcoProduct Development (FC ecoDevelopment (FC eco--LCA)LCA),,
National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC),National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC),National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)
and Director, Cleaner Technology and EcoDesign, Kasetsart University
Life Cycle Assessment and EcoDesign Activities in Thailand
Content• Introduction: Drivers for LCA/ EcoDesign• LCA/ EcoDesign Activities in Thailand
– Overview– Green Manufacturing Technical Assistance
Program (GMTAP)– National LCI Database Project in Thailand– Thai Green Design Network (TGDN)– CoE for EcoProduct Development
Content• Introduction: Drivers for LCA/ EcoDesign• LCA/ EcoDesign Activities in Thailand
– Overview– Green Manufacturing Technical
Assistance Program (GMTAP)– National LCI Database Project in Thailand– Thai Green Design Network (TGDN)– CoE for EcoProduct Development
An Unsustainable EarthAn Unsustainable Earth
1950 1972 1997 2050Population (billion) 2.5 3.8 5.8 12.0Megacities (>8million) 2 9 25Food Production(cal/capita-day) 1980 2450 2770Fish Catch (million tons/yr) 1.9 58.0 91.0Water Use (km3/yr) 1300 2600 4200Rainforest Cover(% of ‘50 level) 100 85 70Elephants (million) 6.0 2.0 0.6CO2 Emission (billion tons/yr) 1.6 4.9 7.0Atmospheric CFC (ppb) -- 1.4 3.0
Ref: C.C.Chao, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan
Environmental ImpactsEnvironmental ImpactsGlobal/ Regional/ Local ImpactsGlobal/ Regional/ Local Impacts•• Global WarmingGlobal Warming
Gaseous compounds adsorb infrared light and trap heat radiationGaseous compounds adsorb infrared light and trap heat radiation•• Ozone DepletionOzone Depletion
Ozone can be destroyed by chemicals that react with it directlyOzone can be destroyed by chemicals that react with it directlyAcidificationAcidification
Emission of acid can degrade some materialEmission of acid can degrade some materialPhotochemical Smog FormationPhotochemical Smog Formation
CO, CO, VOCsVOCs, and NO, and NOX X with UVwith UV--light can form O3, light can form O3, peroxyacetylperoxyacetylnitrate and nitrate and peroxybenzoylperoxybenzoyl nitratenitrate
Oxygen DepletionOxygen DepletionEmission of organic matter to the water environment Emission of organic matter to the water environment
Human HealthHuman HealthHeavy Metal Heavy Metal –– CdCd, , PbPb, Hg, etc, Hg, etc
Wastewater, hazardous wastes, etc.Wastewater, hazardous wastes, etc.
IntroductionIntroduction
World pays high price for environmental disasters
Crippling droughts, torrential floods and other environmental disasters will cost the world more than $70 billion in 2002, the United Nations Environment Program said.
“Over the next three to four decades the world could witness a year in which losses from droughts, storms surges, hurricanes and floods hit one trillion dollars”, source: UNEP Nov.2006
the More details see:www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=485&ArticleID=5422&l=en
Environmental Regulations vs. TradeEU Legislations• Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive 94/62/EC• Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)• Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and
Electronic Equipment (RoHS)• Integrated Product Policy: IPP (Eco-design and Eco-Labeling)• Eco-Design of End-Use Equipment (EuE Directive)• Energy-using Product (EuP)• Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of CHemicals (REACH)
Japan Legislations (all laws below are already enforced)• Basic Law for Promoting the Creation of a Recycling-Oriented Society• Waste Management Law• Law for the Promotion of the Effective Utilization of Resources (promotes
the “3 Rs” – reduce, reuse and recycle waste)• Containers and Packaging Recycling Law• Home Appliances Recycling Law
Life Cycle Approach
มูลคาการสงออก
5.9 แสนลานบาท
(ป 48)
มูลคาการสงออก 6 แสนลานบาท
(ป 48)
Trend ofEco-label Product
TESCO UK. Green Grocer Declare Policy: Carbon and the Consumer on 18 Jan 2007
• Vision: Leader to Create a Low-carbon Economy • Reduce Carbon Footprint (Climate Change) Business
Driver• Deliver Green Consumption;
Green Product Label: Price and InformationCO2 Label on Tesco Product Shelf for Consumer Choice
Today and TomorrowToday and Tomorrow……....• Environment and Trade.. Non-Tariff Barrier• Resource depletion, Pollution/Solid waste,
Lack of Landfill site• Consumer demand, Green Supply Chain• Social responsibility
SolutionSolution:: Need to go “Green”
GREEN COMPETITIVENESS .. CT, LCA, EcoDesign
Before Before
ProductionProductionDuringDuring
Production Production ProcessProcess
End of PipeEnd of Pipe
Software
Hardware
InstitutionPollution Control Officer
LCA
Environment Assessment（Prediction）
Analysis/Measurement Technology (Sampling，Monitoring）
Environment Assessment
Cleaner
Technology
Energy Conservation Technology
Pollution Prevention Technology
－Prevent emission of the pollutants－（exhaust gas/ wastewater,
sludge treatment, etc.)
To deal with the pollutants generated through the production process
Methods to decreasethe pollutants beforeproduction activity
DfE
Energy ConservationManagement Solid Waste
Measures
Preparations for Law / Regulations
Source: JETRO GPP policy dialogue meeting, 25 Apr 2006
Environmental Management ToolsEnvironmental Management Toolsfor Sustainable Developmentfor Sustainable Development
CoE
Climate Change GLOBAL Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Extraction of Abiotic Extraction of Biotic
Resources Resources
Acidification Nutrification
Human Toxicity Ecotoxicity
(terrestrial, aquatic)
Photo-oxidant Formation Land use
LOCAL Noise
Characterization (Global warming)
CH4
CO2
HCFC-141b
HFC-134a
N2O
Total
1.49E-1
6.88E+3
1.38
3.60E-1
1.99E-1
Data items Inventory (kg)
21
1
630
1300
310
GWP100Categoryindicator
3.13
6.88E+3
8.69E+2
4.68E+2
6.17E+1
8.28E+3
GWP(100years) ODP
(CO2 equiv. kg)CO2 1CH4 21N2O 310HFC-23 11700HFC-41 150HFC-134a 1300HCFC 141b 630CF4 6500 (Perfluorocarbon)
SF6 23900
IPCC,1995
(CFC equiv. kg)CFC-11 1HALON-1201 1.4HCFC-123 0.02HCFC-141b 0.11HCFC-22 0.055
Heijungs et al., CML 1992
(SO2 equiv. kg)NH3 1.88HCl 0.88HF 1.6NO 1.07NO2 0.7NOX 0.7SO2 1SOX 1
(PO4 equiv. kg)NH3 0.33NO 0.2NO2 0.13PO4 1
APNPHeijungs et al., CML 1992
Hydrofluoro-carbons
250 GJ
End-of-life
180 GJUse phase better!
10 GJ10 GJ
The complete life cycle has to be considered …Illustrating example:
Burden of a car(light-weight
construction with aluminium, polymer-
compounds ..)
Materials and production
100 GJ70 GJ
Burden of a car(conventional
concept)
worse?
... to avoid the shifting of burdens among life cycle
phases
Source: Marc Wolf from Joint Research Center
Benefits of the life cycle approach
0
1
2
3
4
51. Product Design Review
2. Materials Usage
3. Low Impact Materials
4. Production Technique
5. Distributions
6. Impact During Use
7. Initial Lifetime
8. End of Life
Weak point
Product Assessment: Eco-Strategy Wheel
Road Map - ISO 14000Management
Systems
ISO 14004 (EMS)
general guidelineson principles, systems
& supportingtechniques
ISO 14001 (EMS)
specification withguidance for use
Evaluation &Auditing Tools
EnvironmentalPerformance
Evaluation (EPE)
ISO 14031 guidelines
EnvironmentalAuditing (EA)
14010 general principles
14011-1 audit procedures
14012 qualification criteriafor environmentalauditors
Product-OrientedSupport Tools
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)14041 general principles &
practices14042 life cycle inventory analysis14043 life cycle impact assessment14044 life cycle improvement
assessment
Environmental Labelling (EL)14020 basic principles for all
environmental labelling14021 terms & definitions14022 symbols14023 testing & verification14024 guiding principles, practices
& criteria for certificationprograms
ISO/IEC Guide 64 environmental aspects of product standardsOther standards writers
Source: Thailand Environment Institute
Definition of Definition of ““Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development””
According to the WCED, SD is
"Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."WCED: World Commission on Environment and Development set up in 1983 by UN
Earth Summit at Rio, Brazil in 1992 (178 countries agreed on“Agenda 21”, protection of environment for sustainable development)
Content• Introduction: Drivers for LCA/ EcoDesign• LCA/ EcoDesign Activities in Thailand
– Overview– Green Manufacturing Technical
Assistance Program (GMTAP)– National LCI Database Project in
Thailand– Thai Green Design Network (TGDN)– CoE for EcoProduct Development
Green Concept in ThailandGreen Concept in Thailand•• 1990 CT Concept 1990 CT Concept in in Thai industry (FTI/ DIW/ TEI)Thai industry (FTI/ DIW/ TEI)•• 1996 CT Concept to Education, Research + Other Sectors1996 CT Concept to Education, Research + Other Sectors•• 1997 Promote LCA Concept (TEI)1997 Promote LCA Concept (TEI)•• 2001 Thai LCA network2001 Thai LCA network…….. CMU.. CMU
Teaching LCA at AIT, LCA/ Teaching LCA at AIT, LCA/ EcoDesignEcoDesign at KUat KU•• 2003 GMTAP under GPP2003 GMTAP under GPP-- LCA/LCA/EcoDesignEcoDesign technology technology
-- 2007 transfer from Japan + promote 2007 transfer from Japan + promote EcoDesignEcoDesignConcept (MTEC)Concept (MTEC)
•• 2005 LCA/ 2005 LCA/ EcoDesignEcoDesign in EE sectors (in EE sectors (EEI..greenEEI..green camp)camp)•• 2006 Thai Green Design network (TGDN)2006 Thai Green Design network (TGDN)…….. MTEC.. MTEC
Thermal System Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, THAILAND
Sate SAMPATTAGUL
Thai LCA Network website: www.thailca.net
Mailing group: [email protected]
Moderator: [email protected]
2003 The 1st Thai LCA Workshop and Seminar in Chiang Mai, Thailand
CT and Eco-Design Special Research Unit CT/LCA/EcoDesign Coursesat Kasetsart University (since 2001)
• Undergraduate Level – Lecture:
• Pollution Prevention and Control• Chemical Engineering Process: a topic of
Pollution Prevention– Senior Projects (CT/ LCA/ EcoDesign)
• Graduate Level – Lecture:
• Cleaner Technology & EcoDesign• Life Cycle Assessment• Environmental Risk Assessment
– Thesis (CT/ LCA/ EcoDesign)
MTEC’s LCA & EcoDesign ProjectsElectrical and Electronic industry
☺ EcoDesign for Electrical and Electronic Equipment effected by WEEE Directive: Case Study of Room Air-conditioner(supported by Foreign Trade Department of Thailand through EEI)
☺ Database Preparation for EcoDesign: Life Cycle Database of RotaryCompressor (MTEC & KU)
☺ Life Cycle Assessment of Refrigerator (MTEC & Industrial partner)☺ Eco-Compressor (Joint venture project with industrial partner)☺ Green Camp project: a Driving Force to Support SMEs in the EE sector
towards EcoProduct and EU Market Access (MTEC, EEI & NESDB)
Petroleum, Petrochemical and Plastic Industry• LCA of Conventional and Degradable Plastic Packaging (2005-2006)
(MTEC & Industrial partners)• National LCI Database Development of Thailand
First 3 group : Refinery, Natural gas, Petrochemical (2005-2007) (MTEC, & Industrial partners)
MTEC’s LCA & EcoDesign Projects (cont.)
TT & Networking and Policy development• Green Manufacturing Technical Assistance Program (2002-2006)
(Technical support from Japan thru Green Aid Plan)
• Framework & Roadmap to Support Green Products & Services in Thailand (MTEC & CU with partial support from TRF)
• International LCA Conference (2005/2006)
• Capacity Building on EcoDesign (2006-2009) (MTEC, KU & KBU)
In Textile industry☺ CT Internship Program: for 22 textile factories (1998-2005)☺ Capacity Building of Thai Institutions and Textile Industry on EU
Standards and Eco-labels to Enhance Trade and Investment between Thailand and EU (MTEC, KU, THTI, DTI with main support from EU-SPF)
Computer Lab for Computer Lab for EcoEco--Design and LCADesign and LCA
MTEC equips with computer hardware for National LCI Databaseand various well-known commercial software available for research and training activities in the areas of EcoDesign and LCA such as
ECODESIGN Pilot & Assistant 3.0Eco Material: IdematEMIEgPROMS 3.0.0 QFD Capture 4.0.11
GaBi 4.0SimaPro 7Umberto 3.0JEMAI-LCA (soon)
LCI/LCA Projects in Thailand• Electricity grid mixes• Coal• Residential water supply• Audiocassette tape• Refrigerator, TV• Air conditioner• Rotary compressor• EE products• Paperboard packaging• NG, Refinery Products,
Petrochemical Products• Steel, Aluminium, Copper• Cement, Glass, Paint• Building materials• Basic chemicals• etc.
• Textile products• Biodegradable plastics
(vs. Conventional HDPE)• Kratong (PS Foam vs. Banana
vs. KU green products)• Bio-fuels/ Biomass• Solar cell• Natural rubber• Shrimp products, Dried squid• Rice• Frozen vegetables• Waste management• LCI Software
(for paper industry)• etc.
Organizations actively involvedGovernment• MTEC/NSTDA, DIW, TRF, PCD, etc.NGO• Thailand Environment Institute (TEI)Universities• CMU, CU, KU, JGSEE/KMUTT, etc.Industrial-Specialized Organizations• Federal of Thai Industries (FTI)• Petroleum Institute of Thailand (PTIT)• Electrical & Electronics Institute (EEI)• Thailand Textile Institute (THTI)• Ceramics Association, etc.Industry• Siam Cement, Sanyo, Kulthorn Kirby, EGAT, etc.• PTT, Thai Oil, TPE, Thai Asahi Glass, etc.
Work & Share in NetworksWork & Share in NetworksTNEC: Thailand Network for EcoThailand Network for Eco--efficiency and efficiency and
Cleaner Production was established in 1999Cleaner Production was established in 1999http://http://www.tnec.infowww.tnec.info
Jan 2002Jan 2002 National Master Plan on Cleaner Production National Master Plan on Cleaner Production was endorsed by National Environmental Boardwas endorsed by National Environmental Board
Thai LCA Network (2001)http://www.Thailca.net
TGDN: Thai Green Design Network (2006)Thai Green Design Network (2006)http://http://www.ThaiGDN.netwww.ThaiGDN.net
Thai RoHS Forum (2005)http://www.Thairohs.org
Green Manufacturing Technical Assistance Program
(GMTAP)
Green Manufacturing TechnicalAssistance Program
(GMTAP)
Technical support by Japanese Governmentunder Green Partnership Plan (GPP)
Phase I (2003Phase I (2003--2005)2005)Under GAP: Jan 2003 - Mar 2005… capacity building on
LCA/EcoDesign/3’R
Phase II (2005Phase II (2005--2008)2008)Under GPP: Apr. 2005 – Mar 2008… focus on
establishment of Thai National LCI database
Expected Outcome of GMTAP
““Localization of TechnologyLocalization of Technology”” through technology transfer and collaboration from
Japanese partners in the form of training/workshops and pilot projects.
““SustainabilitySustainability”” Technology transferred from Japan should be sustainable and
gradually adopted by local experts comprising MTEC staff and strategic
partners in Thailand.
and
Focus on LCA/EcoDesign/3Focus on LCA/EcoDesign/3’’RR
MTEC plan and milestones2005 2006 2007 2008
LCA
LCI Database
LCIA
Eco-productType III
National LCI Database
APEC Workshopon LCA
LCIA Framework
ForThailand
Implementation of LCI Database• Preparation
• Trial
• Existing data• Collecting new data
• Compiling• Validation
LCIA Methodology/
Model development
Thai Green Design Network (TGDN)
Green Design Handbook
EcoDesign
EcoDesign Pilot Project on SMEs
• DfE/DfR tools development• Research facilities & TT
• GDN Structure & Experts for ThailandEcoDesign
Regional Conference/ Workshop
Received technical support from Japan through GPP
Note:
6 Technical trainings on LCA and EcoDesign in Japan17 Visits of 10 Japanese experts17 Workshop/seminars on LCA and EcoDesign in Thailand
Summary of Activities During 2003-2007
~ 100 local experts in 25 organizations on LCA and EcoDesign
17 seminars & workshops disseminated to > 1000 participants
3 Pilot R&D projects with industrial partner (Eco-compressor)
3 Completed LCI/LCA projects (Rotary compressor/ Refrigerator/some basic materials/Degradable plastic bag)
2 Policy development projects (LCA roadmap/ LCIA roadmap)
Stronger LCA network in Thailand (ThaiLCA.net)
Establish Thai Green Design Network (ThaiGDN.net)
Thai National LCI database (starting with pilot project for 3 sectors)
Output/outcome
Integration of GMTAP under GPP Capacity Building
• 9 Government units• > 20 companies
Expert Level ~ 100
Practitioner Level ~ 1000
• 6 Universities• 7 NGOs and Ind. Institutions
• > 100 companies• Govt. & Universities
R&D and TT
• Database for products• Rotary compressor• Refrigerator
• Database for basic materials• Cast iron, copper, etc.• Paints, PS, PU, etc.
LCA projects
Pilot Project: Eco-compressor• Owner: MTEC & Industrial partner• Combined LCA & EcoDesign• Redesign Eco-parts• Env. Performance Comparison Policy Development
Framework for Green Product
Roadmap for LCI Database
Networking• LCA Network (CMU)• Thai Green Design Network (MTEC)
• 5 National strategies suggested
• 3-years plan
Infrastructure: National LCI Database (expected in 2008)
5 Organizations join hand todrive the National LCI Database
Federation of Thai Industry Ministry of Industry(Department of Industrial Works)
Thai Environment Institute Thailand Research Fund
National Metal and MaterialsTechnology Center
(sign MOU on 30 March 2007… now a subcommittee under MOI)
Thai Green Design Network(ThaiGDN.net)
EcoDesign/ EcoProduct DevelopmentActivities at MTEC
Objectives• To set up Center of Excellence on EcoProduct
Development• To establish National LCI database on Basic
Materials & Primary Energy • To conduct pilot project and create capacity on
EcoDesign• To establish Thai Green Design Network• To produce handbook, brochure and relating
document on EcoDesign • To organize event to promote and transfer
knowledge on EcoDesign to Society
ThaiGDN.net
EcoDesign 2008The 1st Thailand EcoDesign Award
(3’R + LC Thinking Concept)
CoE on EcoProduct DevelopmentFinancial Support
• In-house funding within MTEC (2003-present)• Government funding through Ministry of
Industry (2007-2009) for- National LCI database project- Center of Excellence (CoE) on eco-Product development
(MTEC will have CoE on EcoMaterials also)
“微笑みが心をつなぐ愛のかけ橋 日タイ修好120周年”
“รอยยิ้มเชื่อมใจ 120 ป ไทย-ญี่ปุน”
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thumrongrut MungcharoenAssoc. Prof. Dr. Thumrongrut Mungcharoen
Focus Center on LCA and Focus Center on LCA and EcoProductEcoProduct Development (FC ecoDevelopment (FC eco--LCA)LCA)NationalNational MetalMetal andand MaterialsMaterials TechnologyTechnology CenteCenter (MTEC)r (MTEC)NationalNational ScienceScience andand TechnologyTechnology DevelopmentDevelopment AgencAgency (NSTDA)y (NSTDA)Tel: (662) 564Tel: (662) 564--6500 ext. 45876500 ext. 4587--45924592 Fax: (662) 564Fax: (662) 564--63696369
oror
Director, CT and EcoDirector, CT and Eco--Design Research Unit, Design Research Unit, KasetsartKasetsart University (KU)University (KU)Tel: (662) 942Tel: (662) 942--8555 ext.1203,1204 Fax: (662) 5618555 ext.1203,1204 Fax: (662) 561--46214621
EE--mail: mail: [email protected]@mtec.or.th, , [email protected]@ku.ac.th
