Life #4 Genetics Notebook - Mrs. Ratzlaffmrsratzlaff.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/...4...2016-17.pdf · You’re the Scientist #2 Mice Genetics You are a mouse breeder who is performing

Life #4 Genetics Notebook

Life #4 – Learning Targets

Life #4 Vocabulary:

Me _____ 1:______ 2:_______

Eye Color – what color are your eyes?

Brown, Green, Hazel – Dominant

Blue – Recessive

brown

hazel

green

blue

brown

hazel

green

blue

brown

hazel

green

blue

Freckles – do you have freckles? Say “yes” only if

you have LOTS of freckles all over your nose and

cheeks. Sun freckles do not count.

Freckles – Dominant

No Freckles – Recessive

Freckles no freckles



Tongue Rolling - can you roll your tongue into a

tube?

Roller – Dominant

Non-roller - Recessive

Roller Non-roller

Roller Non-roller

Roller Non-roller

Dimples – do you have dimples on your cheeks?

Dimples – Dominant

No Dimples – Recessive

Dimples no Dimples

Dimples no Dimples

Dimples no Dimples

Widow’s Peak – do you have

a widow’s peak (hairline has a V)?

Widow’s peak – Dominant

No Widow’s peak - Recessive

Widow’s Peak

no Widow’s

Peak

Widow’s Peak

no Widow’s

Peak

Widow’s Peak no Widow’s

Peak

Interlaced Fingers – when you clasp your hands

together, which thumb is on top?

Left thumb over right – Dominant

Right thumb over left – Recessive

left on top

right on

top

left on top

right on

top

left on top

right on top

Hair on Fingers – Do you have hair on the middle

section of your fingers?

Mid-digital hair – Dominant

No hair – Recessive

hair

no hair

hair

no hair

hair

no hair

Your traits –

Let’s look at a few common traits and classify them as Inherited or Acquired.

Genetics

What did Gregor Mendel notice?

Hair Line

Widow’s Peak Straight Hair Line

Why Don’t We All Look the Same?

or

or

Little Finger

Bent Little Finger

Straight Little Finger

Hair Line

Widow's Peak Straight Hair Line

o

o

Let’s look at a few common traits and their alleles.

Eye Color

Hair Color

Ear Lobes

Freckles

Chin

letter

b

w

Look at the traits and their alleles, and determine what letters will represent them.

Eye Color

Hair Color

Ear Lobes

Freckles

Chin

w

W

Homozygous Heterozygous

Dad

Mom

Offspring ___________________________

Mom Dad

Offspring

Dad Mom

Offspring

Genotype & Phenotypes

G

Ph

Let’s look at the genotypes from above and describe their phenotypes.

Hair Line

Little Finger

And let’s put it all together…

Trait Dominant

Allele

Recessive

Allele

Homozygous

Dominant

Genotype

Homozygous

Dominant

Phenotype

Homozygous

Recessive

Genotype

Homozygous

Recessive

Phenotype

Heterozygous

Genotype

Heterozygous

Phenotype

Eye

Color

Brown

(__B__)

Blue

(__b__) BB Brown bb Blue Bb Brown

Hair

Line

Widow’s

Peak

(____)

Straight

Hair Line

(_____)

Ear

Lobes

Free

(______)

Attached

(______)

.

How can we tell what the offspring might look like?

.

Directions for using a Punnett Square…

Suppose you crossed a Widow’s Peak (Homozygous Dominant, WW)

with a Straight Hair Line (Homozygous Recessive, ww)

Suppose you crossed a Widow’s Peak (Heterozygous, Ww)

with a Straight Hair Line (Homozygous Recessive, ww)

Suppose you crossed a Widow’s Peak (Heterozygous, Ww)

with a Widow’s Peak (Heterozygous, Ww).

Let’s Analyze the DATA!

How many different genotypes are possible for the offspring of this cross? ______

What is the genotype(s) of this cross? _______

Is this genotype Homozygous or Heterozygous? _______________

What is the phenotype of the offspring? _____________________

What is the probable ratio of Widow’s Peak to Straight Hair Line? __:__

w

w

W W


What are the possible genotypes of this cross? ________ _______

What is Homozygous genotype? ________

What is Heterozygous genotype? ________

What is the phenotype of the Homozygous offspring? _________________________

What is the phenotype of the Heterozygous offspring? _________________________



What are the possible genotypes of this cross? _____ _____ _____

What are the Homozygous genotypes? _____ _____

What is Heterozygous genotype? ________

What is the phenotype of the Homozygous Dominant offspring? _____________________

What is the phenotype of the Homozygous Recessive offspring? _____________________

What is the phenotype of the Heterozygous offspring? _______________________


w

w

W w

W

w

W w

You’re the Scientist #2 Mice Genetics

You are a mouse breeder who is performing the following genetic cross: you are crossing a male black-eyed (BB)

mouse with a female red-eyed (bb) mouse. You will then cross two 1st generation offspring to create a 2nd

generation offspring.

Examine Mom & Dad What is the Mom’s genotype? __________

What is the Mom’s phenotype? _______________

Color Mom’s eyes the correct color.

What is the Dad’s genotype? ___________

What is the Dad’s phenotype? _______________

Color Dad’s eyes the correct color.

PREDICTION for 1st Generation Mice I PREDICT ________% of the 1st generation offspring’s eyes will be black in color.

Now complete the Punnett Square to see the phenotypes and genotypes of the predicted offspring.

Dad: Black eyes (BB)

For the 1st generation of offspring, what is the possible genotype? _______

For the 1st generation of offspring, what is the possible phenotype? ____________

Color in the Offspring’s correct eye color (phenotype) and write in his genotype.

There is a ________ % chance that the 1st generation will be homozygous dominant (____) with black eyes.

There is a ________ % chance that the 1st generation will be homozygous recessive (____) with red eyes.

There is a ________ % chance that the 1st generation will be heterozygous (____) with black eyes.

Red eyes

(bb)

genotype

genotype

genotype

genotype

Mom (bb)

Dad (BB)

ACTUAL RESULTS – Try it The mom and the dad create your 1st generation offspring.

Take one gene from the mom (literally un-Velcro it) and take one gene from dad and Velcro® them on the baby mouse.

Now find the 1st generation offspring’s genotype label and stick it on your baby mouse.

What is the genotype for your 1st generation offspring? ________

What is the phenotype for your 1st generation offspring? ______________ Color in the Offspring’s correct eye color (phenotype) and write in his genotype.

Look back at your prediction of what percentage of 1st generation mice would have black eyes.

Were you correct? _____

PREDICTION for 2nd Generation Mice Now you are going to cross (breed) two 1st generation offspring.

I PREDICT ________% of the 2nd generation offspring’s eyes will be black in color.

Using a Punnett Square, predict the possible outcomes.

Your 1st Generation Mouse (New Dad)

_______ eyes (___)

Another 1st Generation Mouse (New Mom)

________ eyes (___)

For the 2nd generation of offspring, what are the possible genotypes? _____ _____ _____

For the 2nd generation of offspring, what are the possible phenotypes? _______________ _______________

There is a ________ % chance that the 2nd generation will be homozygous dominant (____) with black eyes.

There is a ________ % chance that the 2nd generation will be homozygous recessive (____) with red eyes.

There is a ________ % chance that the 2nd generation will be heterozygous (____) with black eyes.

Color in the eyes for the 2nd generation mice phenotype possibilities.

_______

_____ % ____%

ACTUAL RESULTS – Try it Now, pick one gene that each of the new parents (1st generation offspring) will pass on to the 2nd generation.

Flip a coin once for the mom’s allele, and once for the dad’s allele. If you flip heads, pick the dominant (B) allele.

If you flip tails, pick the recessive (b) allele. Actual genotype _____, actual phenotype ___________________.

Black? Red?

phenotype

Black? Red?

phenotype

genotype

genotype

genotype

genotype

genotype

phenotype phenotype

genotype

.

Dd x Dd

___ x ____

___ x ____

_ _

_

_

_ _

_

_

_ _

_

_

Where are my genes?

Materials:

Procedure:

Conclusions and Analysis

TRY THIS AT HOME! Does strawberry DNA look like banana or peach DNA? Email your teacher a

picture of your experiment!

http://www.genome.gov/activities/

Look at the two insects carefully. Notice the eight different characteristics between them.

1. Circle each insect’s phenotype /genotypes in the charts below.

2. According to this model, every insect receives 16 alleles for these eight traits, one from each parent.

a. How many different genes are we examining in the insects? _____ b. How many alleles will this mother pass on to its offspring? _____ c. How many alleles will this father pass on to its offspring? _____ d. How many alleles will each offspring receive for each trait? _____

Insect Dad Eye Color: Black (Bb) or White (bb)

Rear End Color: Striped (Ss) or Plain (ss)

Rear End Shape: Round (Rr) or Slender (rr)

Stinger: Stinger (Tt) or No Stinger (tt)

Leg Length: Long (Ll) or Short (ll)

Antenna: Straight (Aa) or Curly (aa)

Wing Pattern: Pattern (Pp) or Spotted (pp)

Wing Size: Large (Ww) or Small (ww)

Insect Mom Eye Color: Black (Bb) or White (bb)








Probable Ratio of Phenotype

Small to Large _____ : _____

Wing Size Mom’s Genotype ____ Dad’s Genotype _____


Pattern to Spotted _____ : _____

Wing Pattern Mom’s Genotype ____ Dad’s Genotype _____


Straight to Curly _____ : _____

Antenna Mom’s Genotype ____ Dad’s Genotype _____


Long to Short _____ : _____

Leg Length Mom’s Genotype ____ Dad’s Genotype _____


Black to White _____ : _____

Eye Color Mom’s Genotype ____ Dad’s Genotype _____


Striped to Plain _____ : _____

Rear End Color Mom’s Genotype ____ Dad’s Genotype _____


Stinger to No Stinger _____ : _____

Stinger Mom’s Genotype ____ Dad’s Genotype _____

Rear End Shape Mom’s Genotype ____ Dad’s Genotype _____


Round to Slender _____ : _____

3. It is now time to use Punnett Squares to predict what the possible offspring of these two parents will look like. Using each parents genotype (that you circled in #1) make a Punnett Square for each trait.

PUNNETT SQUARES For a cross between & .

____ _____ ____ ____ ____ _____

____ _____ ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____

4. Now, let’s find out what the offspring will actually look like, PHENOTYPE! Fill in the chart to show the listed information. The first trait has been done for you.

When a parent’s genotype is homozygous (bb) or (BB) then there is only one possible allele that parent can give to its offspring. When the parent’s genotype is heterozygous (Bb), it is up to chance which allele the offspring will receive. So, flip a coin ONLY for heterozygous genotypes, it comes up heads, pick the dominant (B) allele, if it comes up tails, pick the recessive (b).

TRAIT Alleles Mom’s Genotype

Dad’s Genotype

ALLELE FROM

MOTHER

ALLELE FROM

FATHER

1st Generation OFFSPRING’s GENOTYPE

1st Generation OFFSPRING’s PHENOTYPE

Eye Color

B= Black b= White

bb Bb b (flip a coin … heads)

B Bb Black

Rear End Color

S=striped s= plain

Rear End

Shape

R=round r=slender

Stinger

T=stinger t= no stinger

(S had been used)

Leg

Length L=long l= short

Antenna A=straight

a= curly

Wing

Pattern P=pattern p=spotted

Wing Size

W=large w=small (L had been

used)

5. Circle the correct Phenotype / Genotype for the offspring.

6. Does the offspring have any homozygous dominant genotypes? ______ If so, list each genotype. _____________________________________________

7. Does the offspring have any homozygous recessive genotypes? ______ If so, list each genotype. _____________________________________________

8. Using the offspring’s phenotypes to help you, draw the offspring below.

Offspring’s name ______________________________ ________________________________

(your last name)

Eye Color: Black (Bb) or White (bb)








Documents

Life #4 Genetics Notebook - Mrs. Ratzlaffmrsratzlaff.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/...4...2016-17.pdf · You’re the Scientist #2 Mice Genetics You are a mouse breeder who is performing