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  • lie ulitttlii foitpai · Kr k I j 4--1 THE JOURNAL. SLAVES OF AIWKKTISINC;. JSTBuaineas and...
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Kr k I j 4- - 1 SLAVES OF AIWKKTISINC;. THE JOURNAL. JSTBuaineas and professional cards of fivo lines or less, per annum, five ISStKI KVKKY WKIt.NKMlAY, lie ulitttlii foitpai dollars. M. K. TUKNEli Jto CO., TSfi For time advertisements, apply Proprietors and Publishers . at this office. !3TLegal advertisements at statute J3T OFFICE, Eleventh St., ty s fairs rates. m Journal Building. TSTTor transient advertising, see terms: rates on third page. Three Sir Pervear months months ? a OO SO ; ; VOL. XV.--N- 0. 3. COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY. MAY 14, 1884. WHOLE NO. 731. monthly. T3TA.W. advertisements payable Single copies OS i BUSINESS CARDS. O.T. Maktvn. II. D. F. .1. srciicr.. M. D. . Drs. MAB.TYN & SCHUG, U. S. Examining Surgeons, ; Local Sun-eon-- ". Union Pacific, O., X. ,t b. rr. ami . r. it. kv. Cnustiltitions iii German and EnsjHr.li. ThIc pboneaot otlice and residence. COLUMBUS. - NEBRASKA. Ai-- y p imi;giii:kti. ii. .. I'll YSKIA X d- - 7 'It li EON. ESTOfflVe second door e.i- -t of noM-onic- e. f WIS.. 31. J. i'i i'SI CI AN d- - sip G eon. Disease!, of women and children a spe- cialty. County physician. Office former- ly occupied by nr.Uonestcel. Telephone exchange. l.l,A ASH H A i; II, ... o DENIAL PARLOR. On corner of Klewnth and North streets, over Ern-- t' hardware store. lOKKKI'KW Ac SiJ,I,1VA:, A TTOltXEYS-- A T-L- A ', Upstair- - in Oluck lluildinjj, Hth street, Almve the New bmk. .i. iu:ui4:. H. XOTAUY PUBLIC. 12th Slri-rt.- i lfirt. Hfst or llammoml House, Columbus. AV. A9. rpiU'KS SO' A: POWIWK S U UO FOX DEX TISTS. tSTOttice in Mitchell Mod., i'oluni-bus- , Nebraska. 1M1 r . ici.l.init, A TTOL'XE Y A T LA W, Oiliee on Olhe St.. '..liiinbu-- , Xcbr.i-k- a. Mf V. A. MACKEN, IVKAI.KK IN Foreign "il Domestic Liquors ami Cigars. Uth street. Columbus, Xeli. AO-- v rAIJ.IN'1'KK 1IKON.. M A TTOIINEYS A T LA W. Ortlce up-slai- r- in McAllister's build- ing. Mth M. W. A. M.Alli-te- r. Notary Public. J. t. MAC!' Utl.AM). It. It- - COWKKRV. AttersijasiycurjPsWc. C:Jtw. LAW AMI COLLFATIOX OFFICE OK MACFAHX.AND& COWDBRf, CiluiahM, Nebraska. v. . ki A"M:r. .ii. i.. (Succe or to Ir. '. ;. A. Hulllmr-- I ) HOMEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN AXD .SMUEON. Uccular graduate of two medical col leges. OihVc Olive St., one-lia- il iiiock north td Hammond Home. lv C. M. SWEEZEY, Land, Loan and Insurance, UrMPHKKY, Ni:i!. Monev to loan on lonijor short time on lteal Estate in -- um- to -- ut! parties. :"0-- y J. J. .UAlX-IIAi- V, Jvslicc, County Surveyor, Notary, Land anil Collection Agent. 2TParticj. deirinp survej ins done can liotifv me by mail at Platte Centre, Neb. rl-- m H. RIJMCIIK, F llt-- i St., opposite Lindell Hotel. Sells Harness, Saddles, Collar-- , Whips, Blanket. Curry Combs, Brushes, trunks, valise. Imgirv'tops, cushions, carriage trimmings ,ve., at the lowest possible prices. Repairs pr uiptly atteuded to. a week at home. $.".00 oiitlit $66 free. Pav absolutely sure. -- o risk. Capital not required. Header, if you want business at Which person- - of either sex, young or old, can make great pay all the time they work, with absolute certainty, write for particular- - to II. I (allot v Co., Port- land, Maine. GEORGE SPOONER, CONTRACTOR FOll ALL K1XDS OF MA. SOX WORK. Okfick, Thirteenth St., between Olive and Nebra-k- a Avenue. Residence on the eorner of Eighth and Olive. All Work Guaranteed. 4tf MURDOCK & SON, JS. Carpenters and Contractors. Havenad an extended experience, and will guarantee satisfaction in work. All kinds of repairing done on short notice. Our motto is, Good work and fair prices. Call and give us au oppor tunitytoestimateforyou. jSTShop on 13th SU,oue door west of Friedhof store, Columbus. Nebr. 483--y o. c. sBLAisriNror7 MANUFACTUKKR OK Tin and Sheet-Iro- n Ware ! Job-Wor- k, Roofing and Gutter- ing a Specialty. yg-Sh- op on Eleventh Street, opposite Heintz's urus store. 4C-- v W. CLABK, G LAND AND INSURANCE AGENT, HUMPHREY, NEBR. His lands comprise some line tracts in the Shell Creek Valley, and the north-er- a portion ot Tlftte county. Taxes paid for non-residen- ts. Satisfaction guaranteed. 20y pOLCnBCS PACKING CO., COLUMBUS, - NEB., " Packers and Dealers in all kinds of Hoj: product, cash paid for Live or Dead lloga or grease. Directors. R. H Henry, Prest.; John "Wiggins, Sec. and Treas.; L. Gerrard, S. Jory. TOTICE TO TEACHERS. J. B. If oncrief, Co. Snpt., "Will be in bis office at the Court House on the third Saturday of each month for the purpose of examining applicants for teacher's certificates, and for the transaction of any other business pertaining to schools. 567--y COLUMBUS STATE BANK! S:e:etx:::t) Oirnrl k Sill lal Tvsir Islft. C0LUMBU8r MEB. (jaxTucapjivPl, $50,000 JL IHUECTOKS: ' !.k.vn'di:k (. kk u Attn, Eres'l. v"L (Jko. W. Hulst, Vice Pres't. Julius A. Rekd. Kowakiv A."Ge'brakd.. J. E. Taskkii, Cashier. SEank oT lepoMlt, Wixcoant :ind EwbaHRe. ;ollet:iosi lkroiuptly UlnJe est nil l'olut-s- . I3" Interest oh Time lepoi-Um- . 274 DREBERT & BRIGGLE, BANEEES! HUMPHREY, NEBRASKA. KJTPrompt attention given to Col- lections. JSTInsu ranee. Real Estate, Loan, etc. 5 LINDSAY &TREKELL, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL FLOOR AID EEED STORE! OIL CA-JCE- , CHOPPED FEED, Bran, Shorts, BOLTED i HE! EDSI MEAL. GRAHAM FLOUR, AXD FOm KINDS OF THE BEST WHEAT FLOUIt ALWAYS ON HAND. U3TA11 kinds of FKUITS in their sea-oi- i. Orders promptly filled. 11 tli Struct Columbus, I""clr. 47-O- m HENRY GASS, TJISrUERTLKEIl ! COFFINS AND METALLIC CASES AXD DEALER IN Furniture, Chairs, Bedsteads, Bu- reaus. Tables, Safes. Lounges, &c, Picture Frames and Mouldings. ZSTRepairina of all kinds of Upholstery Goods. C-- tf COLUMBUS, NEB. for the working class GOLD Send 10 cents for postage, aud we will mail you free a royal, valuable box of sample poods that will put you in the way of making mo:e money in a few days than you ever thought possible at any busi- ness. Capital not required. We will tart you. You can work all the time or in spare, time only. The work is univer- sally adapted to both sexes, young and old." You can easily earn from 50 cents to $." every evening." That all who want work may test the business, we make thi unparalleled offer; td,all who are not well sati-fie- d we will send $1 to pay for the trouble of writing u. Full particu- lars, directions, etc., sent free. Fortunes will be made by those who give their whole time to the work. Great success ub&oliitelv fciire. Don't delay. Start now. Address STlNfeO.N Jc Co., rort!and,3laine. A WOKU OF UAItLti. stock raisers, and all otln-- r . interested parties will do well to remember that the "Western Horse and Cattle Insurance Co." of Omaha is the only company doing business in this state that insures" Horses, Mules and Cattle aainst los by theft, accident, diseases, or injury, (as also airainst loss by tire and lightning). All representations by agents of otherCompanies to the contrary HENRY OAKN, Special Ag't, 15-- y Columbus, Neb. TAMES SALMON, CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER. Plans and estimates supplied for either i rani e or uricti ouuuin'-- . uooa work guaranteed. Shop on 13th Street, uear M. 1'aul Lumber l ard, Columbus, Ne- - braska. r2 timo. J. WAGNER, Livery and Feed Stable. Is prepared to furnish the public w.'tb good teams, buggies aud carriages for all occasions, especially for funerals. Also conducts a sale stable. 44 ILYON&HEALY I Stilt A tfaarat Sts..Chlcat-- mUwiiwHUuyitwtli . ANDOATAtOQUK, l Mr 153 WK?" B.1U.V BSl IPBBseM. Eoaltb. Ctv-Ua- tf. TWm MftMW. Staflk. &aA -- - : r. -- r u Saadry Bt usintk sifuni. hkaiioisaadiiuxrvcwvBa w f or Amlra &. ksd I oCHwHt-HMri- FIRST National Bank! COZXJ u. Aithorised Capital, -- jPaid $250,000 Im Capital, 50,000 Sirplus ail Preflts, - - 6,000 OFFICXRS SD DIRKCTOR3. A. ANDERSON, Pres't. SAM'L C. SMITH. Vice Pres't. O. T. ROEN, Cashier. .1. W.EARLY, HERMAN OEHLRICH. W. A. MCALLISTER, O. ANDERSON, I. ANDERSON. Foreign and Inland Exchange, Passage Tickets, ann Real Estate Loans. COAL LIME! .I.E. NORTH & GO., DEALERS IN Coal, Hair, Cement. Rock Spins l!oalt ...$7.00 per Ion Carbon (Wyoming) Coal.. .... 6.00 " Eldon (Iowa) Coal .... 3.50 " Blacksmith Coal of best quality al- ways on hand at low- est prices. North Side Eleventh St., COLUMBUS, NEB. 14.3m UNION PACIFIC LAND OFFICE. Improved and Unimproved Farms, Hay and Grazing Lands and City Property for Sale Cheap AT THE Union Pacific Land Office, On Long Time and low rate of Interest. IST Final proof made on Timber Claims, Homesteads and s. S5TA11 wishing to buy lands of any de- scription will please call and examine my list of lands before looking else where tdTAll having lands to sell will please call an,d give me a description, term . prices, etc. J3TI a so am prepared to insure prop- erty, as I have the agency or several tir.-'t-cla- ss Fire insurance companies. F. W. OTT, Solicitor, speaks German. 8 AMI! El' C SMITH, :t0.tf Columbus, Nebraska. BECKER & WELCH, PROPRIETORS OF SHELL CREEK MILLS. MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLE- SALE DEALERS IN FLOUR AND MEAL. OFFICE, COL UMB US, NEIL SPEICE & NORTH, GWra( Agents for the Sale of REAL ESTATE. Union Pacific, and3ltdland Pacific R. R. Lands for sale afff om $3.00 to $10.00 per acre for cash, or on fire or ten years time, in annual payments to suit pur- chasers. We have also a large and choice lot of other lands, improved and unimproved, for sale at low price and on reasonable terms. Also business and residence lots in the city. We keep a complete abstract of title to all real es- tate in Platte County. 621 COLUMBUS, NEB. LOUIS SCHREIBER, All kiids of-Repa- iriig deae a Short Notice. Baggies, Wag- - ohs, etc. Bade to erder, aad all work Gaar- - aateed. AIm stll the world-famou- s Walter A. Weed Hewers, leavers, Cemhin- - ed Machines, Hamsters, and Belf-sdmde- rs the best made. 'Shop opposite the "Tattersall," on Olive Stn COLUMBUS. 26-- m 8KATIN0 AND COURTING. Twas noonllt-ht- , aad the world was white; Je were a merry part; We skimmed the glassy field that night. Yean? blood, and spirits hearty: We scored the ice In fancy whirls. Each did bis share of prating Warm-hearte- d men and bonny girls The night we went Boaa was there, and that was why My heart was like a feather: I crossed her oft, but she slid shy. We could not come together. Fortune at last was kind and free I had for months been waiting-Fo- r Just that chance that came to me The night we went I could not tell you all the game. For love had made me stupid. But plump into my arms she camo A living, breathing Cupid. She did not fall, she did not scroatn. She did not start Derutmjr, We simply both slid with the stream That night we went Since then we've gone through life as ona. In every kind of weather-- In storm or calm, in rain or sun, 8U11 keeping pace together. And though there's winter on our brows Love's power la still elating We'll no'er forrfe-- t the hurried vows That night we went irflltom Ltfe, in A. 1. Journal. BEATER HATS. Tho following" joke " has been going the rounds of the newspapers for some weeks pasL " Pa," said a child, thirst- ing for knowledge, " they say that beav- ers are the most industrious of animals. What do they make?" "Beaver hats, my child, beaver hats," replied the father. This paragraph, although coming un- der the head of "Fun and Humor,' ' has soma serious, significant facts connected with it, which ought to be very suggest- ive to the fathers of this generation. The "pa" here spoken of is like a num- ber of other "pas" whom we have seen, "pas" whose minds are so entirely absorbed in solving the financial prob- lems of business life that they have no time, or thought, to give to their chil- dren. They see them for only a short time in the morning, and an hour or so in the evening, and consequently do not know their own children, as far as their peculiarities and characteristics are concerned. We saw a father a few days since who could not guess within two or three years the ages of any of his chil- dren! Yet, he was a good father in the way of providing for them, and gave them all the advantages of education within his power. When the child spoken of asked his father about bea- vers, it was to him an ques- tion. He was anxious to know what the industries of these wonderful animals are. His father gave no thought to the question; he was probably hidden be- hind the sheets of his voluminous morn- ing paper, engrossed in the current news report, or market values, or turning over and over in his mind some contem- plated business scheme, which he hoped to carry through that day, and only heard mechanically his son's question. The word beaver made impression enough upon his mind to be associated with hate perhaps he was in need of a new beaver hat, or had just bought one. He carelessly answered his boy's question, and it immediately passed out of his mind. Not so with the boy, how- ever. He pondered over his father's answer for an hour, or more, after he had left the house. The beavers mubt, indeed, bo very ingenious animals to make hats. He wonders why ho has never heard of their wonderful achieve- ments before. Where are their manu- factories and stores? lie finally con- cludes that in the room back of the stores where hats are sold there must be a large force of beavers tit work, making them, and he is determined upon investigating for himself the next time he goes down town. But on sec- ond thought, he fears it may be some time before the opportunity will pre- sent itself, and the subject being quit too weighty to cany long upon his youthful mind, he seeks his mother's counsel. The mother is in the sewing-roo- very busily engaged at the sewing-machin- e. She is barricaded all around her with a wall two feet high of unfinished' garments, which are needed in the fam- ily immediately, and must be finished off that day. As her boy comes into the room he stumbles over the blocks of white cloth in his way, to get to his mother's side. The mother turns from the long seam which she Ls rapidly run- ning through the machine, to see the different portions of several garments which she has placed together all dis- arranged by the thoughtless little feet in search oi knowledge. "Do be more careful, Tommy," she says; " just see how you are disarrang- ing my work!" "I am sorry," the boy replies, "but. mamma, do beavers make hats?" " Hats! why of course not," replie.-- : the mother. " Well, papa says they do; he told me so this morning.'' "Oh, you must certainly be mistaken. Tommy; your father would not tell you such a thing as that." "He did for true, mamma," the loy declared, emphatically. "I asked him this morning what the beavers made for Aunt Mary read yesterday about their being industrious animals, and papa said they made hats." "Papa could not have understood your question," the mother replies; "his mind must have been upon some- thing else." "Well, he ought to pay attention to me when I want to know "useful things, don't you think so, mamma? What do beavers do if they don't make hats?" and Tommy looks intently into his mother's face. The mother slackens the speed of her sewing-machin- e, while she tells her lit- tle boy all she knows about beavers, and even stops to read up the subject of "Beavers" in the encyclopedia, so as to be enabled to give her child a full ac- count of what he is so anxious to know. The boy goes off to his play satisfied, and the mother returns to her work with an increase of force to make up for lost time. She ponders her husband's answer to his boy's ques- tion over in her heart, and begins to feel anxious lest her poor husband is losing his mind or his interest in his family. Home training seems to be turned over almost entirely to the mothers of this generation, and they eeem to have all the responsibilities of the bringing up of the .children. We know that the bread and butter question of life is a very important one that business men in these days of competi- tion must be on the alert to get their hare of business. We know they are tried in many vexatious ways; that they have a great deal of wearing work to do, and come home wear with the contest But so do the mothers. It is remarkable what financial problems they solve! Look out of the window in the morning, when the street are full of children going to school, and see how well-dress- ed they are. Look at the boys, with their neat, warm, well-fittin- g home-mad- e suits of clothes, which were nude oat of father's old ones. Look at the girls, with their pretty combination fcoHOTea gat of the good parte of three or four of mother's dresses which have done service for years past. The larger number of these children do not belong to the "well-to-do- " families of the community; they are from families where the father earns anywhere from forty, fifty or sixty dollars a month; and yet, ff you go into the homes of such peoplo, how many of them you will find neat, attractive" and prettily furnished. All the necessary comforts will be there, and some of the extras. Perhaps there are four or five children in these homes, to be clothed and sent to school every day. The accomplishment of all this depends upon the management of the wife and mother of the family, lalk about the extravagances of our Ameri- can women! Rather tell of the wonder- ful economy and good financial man- agement of the wives and mothers of our country. Tho economical women far outnumber the extravagant women of this age. The mothers manage the temporal wants of their children so ad- mirably that it is very easy for tho fathers to give the training of tho mental, moral and religious character of their children over to the mothers, also. It is a very often-quote- d phrase that " a man is what his mother mado him." If a boy becomes a noble man, it is due to the intluences of a good mother. True, but if a boy turn out a dissolute, dishonest prolligate, is that also due to tho mother's training? We all know the worth and influence of a good mother, but have fathers not an equal responsibility and inlluence in the training of their children? Do the children not inherit from the father as well as the mother? When we look around us we see everywhere the verity of God's laws. " The sins of the fathers shall be visited upon thechiUrcn."' Asa general thing, whore the father has vices of a peculiar character some of the chil- dren will be addicted to the same sins. This great question of inheritance is one we snail not try to explain as it is an unsolved one, "an intricate one, which the wisest of us can not unravel. But it seems to us as important that children should have a good father as a good mother; that fathers should be as care- ful to cultivate pure, true, Christian traits of character as the mothers; that they should be a3 interested in the train- ing of the children as the mothers. Will not the father be held as responsible for the faithful discharge of the sacred du- ties of parentage as the mother will be? It is very hard when a business man turns his key upon his office for him to turn it also upon all worrimenLs and thoughts of business, and go home with financial cares, to de- vote himself to the happiness and inter- ests of his children. But the man who has will-pow- er and stamina enough t? do this is a happy husband and father, and his family is a happy one in conse- quence. How many children there are who hear their fathers continually grumbling over business prospects, and talking about losses and disappoint- ments, until the sympathizing young hearts, that should" otherwise be free and happy, are weighed down with father's business troubles and trials Mrs. Susan T. Tern, in Chicago In- terior. Hew She Choked Him Off. She was a handsome young woman. This was remarked b' a dozen different people as she entered the Union Depot, bhe was going East by the Canada Southern. This was remarked by a conceited ycung snip of a fellow who looked "masher" from the crown of his hat to tho heels of his gaiters. She had no sooner purchased her ticket and taken a seat than he began to circle around. She saw him and read his character, and beckoning him to ch she asked: "Are you going to Buffalo?" " Yes ah certainly." "I am glad to hear it. Will you do me a favor?" "With all my heart. Command me." " I'm afraid my trunk was left at the hotel. Could I ask you to run up and see about it?" " Of course certainl,- - only too hap-py- !" It was twenty minutes to train time. He was back in sixteen, his face flushed, his ears red and his breathing spasmod- ic. He had done some tall running. The trunk was not there. " Oh, dear, but would you be so kind as to look into the baggage-room?- " He would. He did. He ended a score of trunks around, mado a doen inquiries for a Saratoga with an "E" on the ends, and finally returned to tho waiting-roo-m to say But she wasn't there! The train was also gone! A man who had a sore throat and felt mad at the whole world informed him that he had no sooner started for thebaggnge-roon- i than she picked up her reticule and boanled tho train, her face wearing a happ' smile and her rosebud mouth gently puckered up as she hummed: "The chap 1 left behind me!" "And it looks to me," added the ed invalid, "as if it Mas a put up job to choke offyour society." "Hanged if it wasn't!"" gasped the other as lie sat down to rest his knees. Detroit Free Press. Turkish Character. In character the Turks are thrift, sober andfairly industrious; the mount- aineers are an especially hardy and act- ive race. Temperance is enjoined by their religion, and such insobriety as exists is limited to the Christians, and is not general enough to present itself as a temptation to a foreign workman. It appears that the quality and consci- entiousness of the work executed is bat- ter in Asiatic Turkey than in other parts. Nevertheless I find that iu Epirus the embroidery is noticed as be- ing particularly rich, beautiful and du- rable, the jewelry and diamond setting very good, but the work of builders, masons, joiners, carpenters, black- smiths, is quite second-rat- e and want- ing both in solidity and finish. In this district the artisans seem to live under favorable conditions. In Yaniha, the principal town, a tolerable kind of house may be purchased for $350, 400, or rented for $45. There is such abundance of excellent game in the country that a hare costs twelve centa, a brace of wild ducks or partridges twenty cents onlj. At the cook-shop- s a good meat dinner, with wine, may be had for fifteen cents. These charges, compared with the rate of wages, prove that as regards food the laborer has no reason to complain. French, Italian and German skilled workmen generally manage to save considerable money-so- me of them earning twenty dollar oer month here easily save ono-ha- lf oJ their wages. The land-owne- rs agrc in stating that their great impediment to good farming is the absence of plow- ing, reapine and.thrashing instruments, which would however be most certainly imported at once if there were work- men who would properly repair them when out of order. Constantinople Cor. Brooiiyn Eagle. Pompeii, Past and Present. When the Pompeiians looked from :he.ir elevated forum as sightly a place now, aud lacking little but the "pillared porticoes that surrounded it they saw, 3n their uear northwest, a pleasantly i::cessible mountaiu, cattle grazing on t beautiful meadows, which "covered all aut the summit that was level, but iterile. The geographer, Strabo, who ived before and after "Anno Domini," aid: "The summit has an appearance f ashes, and it shows rugged rocks of ooty consistency and color, as if they ad "been formed by fire." And, in the tyle of a modern scientist, he added: One might conclude from that that the lountaiu had once burned and possessed ery abysses, and had become extin- - uished "when the material was spent; nd just from this cause may be its pres- - nt fertility." Fifty orsixty years afterwards there ras no doubt "about Jts nature. Its lopes began to tremble, and sixteen ears from that time, in the short reign f Titus, A. D. 79, iu the most elegant ra of Roman civilization, when every-lin- g was just freshened aud new at 'oinpoii the serious damage by earth-uak- e being repaired with a liberal ap- propriation for the purpose "by the Ro-ia- n Senate just then, with no warning, ragic nature spread over the whole a ide, deep layer of fertile soil, and, in aany instances, without blurring tho rescoes or breaking the marble tables, losed the gates that we shall now enter. Let us go at ouce to the Forum. It vas the lively center, and is surrounded iv public edifices, mostly, religious wc night call them churches, for that is vhat they were. It is a sightly spot, bout one hundred and ten feet above ea level: and thence we shall seethe vhole grand spectacle, all we had been alking about - all the approaches. We go in the -- Sea Gate." ami while ve rapidh nd bv the best of steps, he old Pompcian step.-- we understand tow the sea came near this side of the jity. before the fall of a tremendous hower of boiling land, ashes and baked lebblcs. and warm water and stewed mid. The first fall was the little, clean, irht pumice stones; that is vhv evervthinsr is so nice mil uninjured. Then came ashes. mil. sifting in, sealed everything up lir-tigh- t, 1 suppose. Hot water and leetrilied mud were showered around n the air and lava was running on the round, but none of these", either earl r late in the shower, happened to blow md How toward Pompeii, viz: The uva which becomes a solid rock when t cool- -, aud which hardens exceedingly y age. It did How over Herculaneum the Italian- - write Ercole,' "Erco-ano- " and "Ercolanese" instead of lereiiles, Herculaneum and Hcrcula-lia- u and that is why the uncovering of Ercolano" is not pursued; being diffi-:iil- t, laborious and expensive, added to .he fact of a populous town over it, jwncd by persons who would be incon- venienced by haviug to abandon their tomes. Walking on. we begin to understand, tNo, that Pompeii was built longer igo than history can tell of, ever so lung before the time of the Roman Em- pire on a shelf of lava that was an- ient when Pompeii was young: that broke ofl'.-ti-ep- ly at the shore, and also along the low bottom lands of the old-tim- e Santo, non-existe- nt now. The forifni'' i the public square. The "piazza" and "plaza" of the towns oi modern Italy, Spain and Spanish America are the lineal descendants of the ancient forum. Then, as now, es- pecially in the smaller towns, the forum was the civil aud municipal family lounging hioni, gossiping place, prom- enade resort, declamation opportunity, the "City Hall Square." The public edifices around it were finished elegant- ly, and were liberally embellished with 'tattiary, generally of a mythological lesion, illustrating noted occurrences .if the long, symbolic stories. These adilices were all constructed very openly in the front, making the little forum of the little city for Pompeii was not arge a lovely center, an architectural classical bijou. Nature aided, as nature let roved, or rather, did not destroy, furiously robbed, appropriated and pre- served for the benefit of the nineteenth century thinker. For after learning what here we can of the details, the art, architecture and special modes of Roman Empire times, we have stored ".way a skull bowl full of material for arefu' thought. The Manhattan. How Raisins are Made. Malaga. Valencia ami Smyrna raisins Jerive their names from the places whciiiv t!ie come. Of these, the Stnvrua black raisins are the cheapest; I he Malaga being held in the highe-- t estimation, and fetching fully a third more than any other description of rasius. In Andalusia, in Spain, there are two di-tin- ct vines -- the Pero-iniene- z, which was imported in the fir-.- t instance from the liorders of the Rhine by a German some two hundred and fifty years ago, and the Mu-ca- t, which i- - indigenous. Opinion as to the respective nieril-o- f the two vines varies; but their cultivation is conducted in the -- ame wa. manure of great strength being liberally supplied. The growth of the vines is dilk-rcn-t from those of Southern Italy. In Andalusia, they creep along the surface of thejrouud as -- liawberries do, thus gathering all the atnio-pher- ic heat; the branches appear like roots, and the grapes, though while, have a golden tinge. The vintage i- - very carefully conducted, the fruit not being all gathered at once, but the same ground gone over three times, -o that all the grapes are proper- ly ripe when picked. The grapes arc prepared for the market iu three different ways by simple drying in the sun; by washing, and by steam drying. In following the first method, which is the general process in Malaga, divisions are con- structed of either brick or stone, in an inclined position, .exposed to the sun's rays. These divisions are built in at one end with a triangle formed of masonry, and so arranged that the sun always shines on its contents. The interiors of these compartments are thickly spread with fine gravel to absorb the heat. Directly the grapes are gathered, they are put into these divi- sions aud are fully exposed to the intense heat of the Andalusian sun. It is stated by experienced cultivators that during the month of August they attain a temperature of one hundred and forty-liv- e degrees Fahrenheit. At night the 'fruit is protected from the heavvy dews or ram by stout canvas being stretched over the tops of the divisions. Some people put on planking instead. Grapes take a longer time drying in this manner than by the scalding plan, as then they are ready in four days; but dried only bv the sun's heat, th'ey take ten days". The loss of thne, how-leve- r, is fully compenstated for by the economy of the process. In drying by washing, the following method is pursued: Furnaces of feeble draught are built, in which wood only is used as fuel; a lye is made of the residue or refuse of the grape, after pressing, which is either that obtained from the present year'3 vintage, or what is left over from tho last The lye is put into a round kettle, capable of holding from three hundred to four hundred litres. The grapes are then put into wire sieves or colanders with long handles, and plunged into the lye, boiling at a temperature of about two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit. After the first immersion, the grapes are looked over to see if the skins are shriveled enough; if not sufficiently done, they are" plunged into the lye a second time. Sometimes a third im- mersion is necessary; but this is rarely the case. Drying by steam, is chiefly followed in the province of Denia, because there the heat of the sun cannot be depended upon, as in Malaga. In wet vintage seasons this plan is also adopted in the South. In carrying out the process, the grapes are exposed to the sun's rays for twenty-fou- r hours, after which they are placed on boards and carried into a building with shelves in it from six to seven feet high. Heat is produced by steam, which circulates through the building in an iron tube. The heat is kept up to one hundred aud sixtv degrees Fahrenheit, aud valves, which are placed along the lloor, regulate the temperature. The drying generally takes about twenty-fou- r hours; but as too great a change "of temperature sud- denly experienced would cause injury to the raisins, they are allowed to cool gradually in a room built for this purpose, and adjoining the steaming department. When quite cool, they are carried to the stores for packing. When the drying is thoroughly ac- complished, bywhatever plan pursued, the raisins, prior to being packed for e.)ortation, require to be carefully looked over, and all the broken and bruised ones removed, as a drop of moisture from such would very likely damage a whole box. After this comes the proper classification, by no means an easy affair, as merchants and culli-vatorsdiff- er, often very materially, on this subject. Besides the raisins already named, may be mentioned Sultans the best kind to use in making puddings, cakes, etc., for children Muscatels. Lipari. Belvedere, Bloom or jar raisins, and Sun or Soils. The best kinds are im- ported iu boxes and jars, such as Malaga and Muscatels; while the inferior sorts are shipped in casks, barrels, frails and mats. Chambers' Journal. Heroic Mr. Spilkins. "No," said Mr. Spilkins to the small boy who rang his door bell and asked if he wanted his sidewalk shoveled off, and who offered to do the job for a quarter. Spilkins had just been read- ing a book in which a lot of pernicious aphorisms about the desirability of economy were set down, such as, "a penny saved is a penny earned," "a groat a day is a pound a year," etc; therefore he said to himself: "I will save the quarter that the job of cleaning my sidewalk would cost, and do the work myself. Besides, the exercise will be good for me." He told Mrs. S. ot his resolution, aud she, like all true wives in these cases, told him that he was a fool to think of such a thing, aud that to do the work him-c- lf would be ten times what it was worth. But Spil- kins has a mind of his own, aud he put on his rubber boots aud mummified himself by means of a louguUter, a com- forter and a fur cap, aud went out to his self-select- ed labors. As he emergid from his door he struck a piece of ice on the top step and went into the street Hying and got a lot of snow up his sleeves and trousers legs and down the back of his neck; however, a little pro- fanity relieved his mind in this respect and he fell to work. The job was harder than he antici- pated, but he stuck to it. aud at last went into the house agaiu. bathed in perspiration and triumph. But on sit- ting down to smoke, as was his cu-to- m after anything particular, he found that in his fall down the steps he had ground to snuff three twenty-fiv- e cent cigars which he had in his pocket and the next morning woke up with an intlueuza which has given him the aspect of the weeping philosopher and the temper of a bear ever since. He therefore says that economy is a fraud and has thrown his book of maxims into the fire. Bos- ton Journal. "English as Shells Tau-cht.- " Hitherto San Francisco has been comparatively free from Anglo-maniac- s, for, excepting an occa- sional Eastern traveler who elec- trifies the clerks and habitues of the Palace Hotel office by asking "what he shall do with the braws-es- " when he is desirous of redeeming bis baggage from the transfer compain . the Queen s Euglish has not been inflicted upon the public ear. But tho-ego- od days are over, for far away iu the wilds of the We-t-e- ru Addition the principal of a primary school has undertaken to Anglicize the mode of speech of the rising Americans under her charge. A reporter of the Chronicle saw two little girls returning from Sunday School morning, and was astoni-he- d to hear tlini take leave of each other in tie following man- ner: "Hit's 'awlf-pa- st ten, .ltie, awnd I mu-- t go 'ome. Me mother will be hangry. Don't forget to come hover to tne'onse this hawfternoon, Hawnie," replied the other; and they parted. "Who told you to ay hawfternoon'?" the reporter ed of one of the little misses. "The teacher," she answered. "Hall the boys and girls have to do that." "Since when?" "O, a long time now. Our teacher says that it is not proper to say 'after- noon.'" "You don't say so," said the aston- ished reporter. "Docs she make you u-- e any other words?" "O yes; she makes us say awnd,' and the little girl opened her jaws like a rock-cod- 's to give the proper pronunci- ation. "Awnd she sas dawg, too," she continued, "awnd" brawss. awnd cawn't, awnd pawk. awnd mawn. O, hit's beginning to rwain;" and nbe scampered off without giving the re- porter an opportunity to ask the name of the school and its principal. - San Francisco Chronicle. It should occasion no alarm that there were less than five thousand dollars' worth of diamonds exported from the Cape from August to Novem- ber of last year. You will be able to get just as large pieces of paste for five dol-dolla- rs in this country as vou ever did Detroit Post. That was a bright prison chaplain who, when asked by a friend how the psrishoners were, replied: "All undar conviction. " Waltham Btserd. BEIJGIOUS A5D EDUCATIONAL. The Mormon Church in Utah re- ceives about $2,000,000 a year in tithes. Indiana has 3,737 church edifice?, Talued at $12,555,000. She pavs hex soinisters $1,037,337. The Congregaiionalist wishes that ministers afflicted with drawling, drowsy, clipped or other objectionable habits'of utterance could have business talk through a telephone half an hour each day. At Mr. Moody's recent meetings in London the Bible'readings were attend- ed by about 3,000 persous daily, and the preaching by 5,000. Overflow meetings were often necessary. Tho .work has boen highly commended by the London press. Minnesota, where a Sunday-scho- ol was first established thirty-seve- n years ago, has now 1,444 schools, with 7(5.000 scholars and 11,000 teachers and off- icers. The net gain last vear was 118 schools of 4,000 scholars and 100 teach- ers. St. Paul Iress. Free seats seem to be popular in Massachusetts. The Episcopalians havo 128 churches or chapels; the seats iu more than half of them are free Of twenty-tw- o churches in Boston thirteen of them are free; aud of niue new ones organized during the pat year in the State eight are free. liostoii Journal. Out of the entire population of 1,783,085 in 1880, in Massachusetts.only seven-tenth- s of one per cent, were nati- ve-born illiterates, less than that of any other people in the world. So says Governor Robinson. And he adds that "it may be safe to assume that no one will hold the schools respousible for the ignorance of men and women born and reared in foreign countries, or who nev- er crossed the threshold of a Massachu-settsschool-houso- ." Poiton Transcript. The Faculty of Bowdoin College have established" trial by jury as the best mode of inforcing college disci- pline. Each class elects a juryman, and each of the secret societies and the anti-secr- et society does the same. The President is the Judge, but the jury de- cides all questions of fact. The ac- cused is not entitled to plead "not guilty" unless the plea Is true, and if he makes this plea falsely he is liable to be proceeded against for falsehood. A", y. Examiner. This is the centennial year of Meth- odism in America. The General Con- ference organization of tho Methodist Episcopal Church in America took place in Baltimore in DecemlMsr, 1781. Iu commemoration of that event the Gen- eral Conference of delegates from all Methodist bodies will celebrate the cen- tennial in that city next December, and already preparations; are making for it. There are now 3,500.009 Methodists in the United States and thev have churHi property valued at 70, 000,000. Cin- cinnati Commercial-- G a rctte. Guessing aiid Knowing, A writer in the Milling World says: "The man who knows he is making lift' cents per barrel ou his Hour is apt to bo better off than he who 'guesses' he is making 'about' seventy-fiv- e cents." There is a grcatdealof wholesome truth in the above statement. Too many manufacturers allow themselves to guess at what profit they arc making, instead of actually knowing that fact. Instances are by no means rare where men engaged in busine-- s think they aro making money when they are on the very verge of bankrupted . An old com- mercial agency reporter relates an in- stance in point. He was interviewing a merchant in one of our Western towns. In the course of his conversation ho asked the latter how much he consid- ered himself worth over aiid above all liabilities. The reply was that he thought himself worth fully ten thou- sand dollars. His surprise was very great when the reporter kindly informed him that were he to be compelled to close his business at once he would not, after liquidating his outstanding obliga- tions, be worth a penny, and this asser- tion was made upon facts which tho merchant himself had disclosed. There is no excuse for such ignoranco. With a moderate degree ot care a man can keep him-e- lf at all times well informed as to the statu of his busi- ness. It would not be difficult to find man- ufacturers wlu arc actually selling their productions at a loss, because they hav not properly estimated their co&t. The trouble is that the manufacturers either do not understand what elements enter into the cost, or. so understanding, are too negligent to make the nece-sar- y computation. It is easier to gues-- , that materials cost so much. labor -- o much, packing and shipping so much, and marketing so much, than to tiacc out the actual expenditures in e.ich de- partment, and to finally arrive at some- thing approaching mathematical ex- actitude. It may be well enough to do tie guessing-wor- k when the margins of profit mi) broad and the chances ol making a fatal mi-ta- kc are not great, but it is otherwise when go.ds niu-- t ba sold at a close figure. Then it b'eo.nes necessary for the nuiniifaetiirer to he fully acquaintaneed with hi- - aff.iirs. In close competition it is that the actual cost of his goods be as- certained so that he may know how close he can make his prices. Suppo-- e that he be a maker of locks which a tu-al- ly cost eight cents apiece to produce. If he is offered nin cents for them he can make the sale and still re-er- ve a profit; btit suppose iu-tc- ad of knowing the cost he guesses that it is nine cents, he may lose this trade by refusing au offer which he thinks is below the cost of production. On the otherhand, sup- pose that he uupssks that his locks only cost seven cents and is offered seven and a half cents for a quantity, which offer he accepts because lie thinks that he may get out whole in the transac- tion lie will be likely to find himself in the condition of the oid lady who sold eggs for eight cents per dozen that cost her ten cents, who, whrn interro- gated as to how she could make money m such a trade, replied that she did so by carrying on a very large business. If the manufacturer finds that he is un- able to compute the cost of his produc- tions, it should be his first business to employ some one who can. It will not do to make mistakes in suou an impor- tant matter. Obviously we are speaking in this article of but a small fraction of the manufacturing fraternity. The major- ity have au intelligent idea of not only the cost of the completed articles of manufacture brought out in their works, but also of the cost of the several parts thereof aud of the material of which they are composed. Indeed, there are many concerns where it is absolutely essential that this should be the case, and if all other man- ufacturers were as particular, the list of failures, which now presents such for- midable proportions," would b greatlv 4ctta9d, Industrial World.

lie ulitttlii foitpai · Kr k I j 4--1 THE JOURNAL. SLAVES OF AIWKKTISINC;. JSTBuaineas and professional cards of fivo lines or less, per annum, five ISStKI KVKKY WKIt.NKMlAY, lie

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    SLAVES OF AIWKKTISINC;.THE JOURNAL.JSTBuaineas and professional cards

    of fivo lines or less, per annum, fiveISStKI KVKKY WKIt.NKMlAY, lie ulitttlii foitpai dollars.M. K. TUKNEli Jto CO., TSfi For time advertisements, applyProprietors and Publishers . at this office.!3TLegal advertisements at statuteJ3T OFFICE, Eleventh St., ty s fairs rates.

    m Journal Building. TSTTor transient advertising, seeterms: rates on third page.

    ThreeSirPervear

    monthsmonths

    ?a OOSO ;

    ;

    VOL. XV.--N- 0. 3. COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY. MAY 14, 1884. WHOLE NO. 731. monthly.T3TA.W. advertisements payable

    Single copies OS i

    BUSINESS CARDS.

    O.T. Maktvn. II. D. F. .1. srciicr.. M. D.

    . Drs. MAB.TYN & SCHUG,

    U. S. Examining Surgeons, ;Local Sun-eon-- ". Union Pacific, O., X.

    ,t b. rr. ami . r. it. kv.

    Cnustiltitions iii German and EnsjHr.li.ThIc pboneaot otlice and residence.COLUMBUS. - NEBRASKA.

    Ai-- y

    p imi;giii:kti. ii. ..I'll YSKIA X d- - 7 'It liEON.

    ESTOfflVe second door e.i- -t of noM-onic- e.

    f WIS.. 31.J. i'i i'SI CI AN d- - sip G eon.Disease!, of women and children a spe-

    cialty. County physician. Office former-ly occupied by nr.Uonestcel. Telephoneexchange.

    l.l,A ASH H A i; II, ...oDENIAL PARLOR.

    On corner of Klewnth and North streets,over Ern-- t' hardware store.

    lOKKKI'KW Ac SiJ,I,1VA:,A TTOltXEYS-- A T-L- A ',

    Upstair- - in Oluck lluildinjj, Hth street,

    Almve the New bmk.

    .i. iu:ui4:.H.XOTAUY PUBLIC.

    12th Slri-rt.- i lfirt. Hfst or llammoml House,

    Columbus. AV. A9.

    rpiU'KS SO' A: POWIWKS U UO FOX DEX TISTS.

    tSTOttice in Mitchell Mod., i'oluni-bus-,

    Nebraska. 1M1

    r . ici.l.init,A TTOL'XE Y A T LA W,

    Oiliee on Olhe St.. '..liiinbu-- , Xcbr.i-k- a.Mf

    V. A. MACKEN,IVKAI.KK IN

    Foreign "il Domestic Liquors amiCigars.

    Uth street. Columbus, Xeli.AO-- v

    rAIJ.IN'1'KK 1IKON..MA TTOIINEYS A T LA W.

    Ortlce up-slai- r- in McAllister's build-ing. Mth M. W. A. M.Alli-te- r. NotaryPublic.

    J. t. MAC!' Utl.AM). It. It- - COWKKRV.AttersijasiycurjPsWc. C:Jtw.

    LAW AMI COLLFATIOX OFFICEOK

    MACFAHX.AND& COWDBRf,CiluiahM, Nebraska.

    v. . ki A"M:r. .ii. i..(Succe or to Ir. '. ;. A . Hulllmr-- I )

    HOMEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN AXD.SMUEON.

    Uccular graduate of two medical colleges. OihVc Olive St., one-lia- il iiiocknorth td Hammond Home. lv

    C. M. SWEEZEY,

    Land, Loan and Insurance,UrMPHKKY, Ni:i!.

    Monev to loan on lonijor short time onlteal Estate in -- um- to -- ut! parties. :"0-- y

    J. J. .UAlX-IIAi- V,Jvslicc, County Surveyor, Notary,

    Land anil Collection Agent.

    2TParticj. deirinp survej ins done canliotifv me by mail at Platte Centre, Neb.

    rl-- m

    H. RIJMCIIK,Fllt-- i St., opposite Lindell Hotel.

    Sells Harness, Saddles, Collar-- , Whips,Blanket. Curry Combs, Brushes, trunks,valise. Imgirv'tops, cushions, carriagetrimmings ,ve., at the lowest possibleprices. Repairs pr uiptly atteuded to.

    a week at home. $.".00 oiitlit

    $66 free. Pav absolutely sure. -- orisk. Capital not required.Header, if you want business

    at Which person- - of either sex, young orold, can make great pay all the time theywork, with absolute certainty, write forparticular- - to II. I (allot v Co., Port-land, Maine.

    GEORGE SPOONER,

    CONTRACTOR FOll ALL K1XDS OFMA. SOX WORK.

    Okfick, Thirteenth St., between Oliveand Nebra-k- a Avenue. Residence on theeorner of Eighth and Olive.

    All Work Guaranteed.4tfMURDOCK & SON,JS. Carpenters and Contractors.

    Havenad an extended experience, andwill guarantee satisfaction in work.All kinds of repairing done on shortnotice. Our motto is, Good work andfair prices. Call and give us au opportunitytoestimateforyou. jSTShop on13th SU,oue door west of Friedhof

    store, Columbus. Nebr. 483--y

    o. c. sBLAisriNror7MANUFACTUKKR OK

    Tin and Sheet-Iro- n Ware !Job-Wor- k, Roofing and Gutter-

    ing a Specialty.yg-Sh-

    op on Eleventh Street, oppositeHeintz's urus store. 4C-- v

    W. CLABK,GLAND AND INSURANCE AGENT,

    HUMPHREY, NEBR.His lands comprise some line tracts

    in the Shell Creek Valley, and the north-er- aportion ot Tlftte county. Taxes

    paid for non-residen- ts. Satisfactionguaranteed. 20y

    pOLCnBCS PACKING CO.,COLUMBUS, - NEB., "

    Packers and Dealers in all kinds of Hoj:product, cash paid for Live or Dead llogaor grease.

    Directors. R. H Henry, Prest.; John"Wiggins, Sec. and Treas.; L. Gerrard, S.Jory.

    TOTICE TO TEACHERS.J. B. Ifoncrief, Co. Snpt.,

    "Will be in bis office at the Court Houseon the third Saturday of eachmonth for the purpose of examiningapplicants for teacher's certificates, andfor the transaction of any other businesspertaining to schools. 567--y

    COLUMBUS

    STATE BANK!S:e:etx:::t) Oirnrl k Sill lal Tvsir Islft.

    C0LUMBU8r MEB.

    (jaxTucapjivPl, $50,000

    JLIHUECTOKS: '

    !.k.vn'di:k (. kk u Attn, Eres'l. v"L

    (Jko. W. Hulst, Vice Pres't.

    Julius A. Rekd.Kowakiv A."Ge'brakd..

    J. E. Taskkii, Cashier.

    SEank oT lepoMlt, Wixcoant:ind EwbaHRe.

    ;ollet:iosi lkroiuptly UlnJe estnil l'olut-s- .

    I3" Interest oh Time lepoi-Um- .274

    DREBERT & BRIGGLE,

    BANEEES!HUMPHREY, NEBRASKA.

    KJTPrompt attention given to Col-lections.

    JSTInsuranee. Real Estate, Loan,etc. 5

    LINDSAY &TREKELL,

    WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

    FLOOR AID EEED STORE!

    OIL CA-JCE- ,CHOPPED FEED,

    Bran, Shorts,

    BOLTED i HE! EDSI MEAL.GRAHAM FLOUR,

    AXD FOm KINDS OF THE BESTWHEAT FLOUIt ALWAYS

    ON HAND.

    U3TA11 kinds of FKUITS in their sea-oi- i.Orders promptly filled.

    11 tli Struct Columbus, I""clr.47-O- m

    HENRY GASS,TJISrUERTLKEIl !

    COFFINS AND METALLIC CASES

    AXD DEALER IN

    Furniture, Chairs, Bedsteads, Bu-reaus. Tables, Safes. Lounges,

    &c, Picture Frames andMouldings.

    ZSTRepairina of all kinds of UpholsteryGoods.

    C-- tf COLUMBUS, NEB.

    for the working class

    GOLD Send 10 cents for postage,aud we will mail you freea royal, valuable box of

    sample poods that will put you in the wayof making mo:e money in a few days thanyou ever thought possible at any busi-ness. Capital not required. We willtart you. You can work all the time or

    in spare, time only. The work is univer-sally adapted to both sexes, young andold." You can easily earn from 50 cents to$." every evening." That all who wantwork may test the business, we makethi unparalleled offer; td,all who are notwell sati-fie- d we will send $1 to pay forthe trouble of writing u. Full particu-lars, directions, etc., sent free. Fortuneswill be made by those who give theirwhole time to the work. Great successub&oliitelv fciire. Don't delay. Start now.Address STlNfeO.N Jc Co., rort!and,3laine.

    A WOKU OF UAItLti.stock raisers, and all otln-- r

    . interested parties will do well toremember that the "Western Horse andCattle Insurance Co." of Omaha is theonly company doing business in this statethat insures" Horses, Mules and Cattleaainst los by theft, accident, diseases,or injury, (as also airainst loss by tire andlightning). All representations by agentsof otherCompanies to the contrary

    HENRY OAKN, Special Ag't,15-- y Columbus, Neb.

    TAMES SALMON,

    CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER.

    Plans and estimates supplied for eitheri rani e or uricti ouuuin'-- . uooa workguaranteed. Shop on 13th Street, uearM. 1'aul Lumber l ard, Columbus, Ne- -braska. r2 timo.

    J. WAGNER,Livery and Feed Stable.

    Is prepared to furnish the public w.'tbgood teams, buggies aud carriages for alloccasions, especially for funerals. Alsoconducts a sale stable. 44

    ILYON&HEALYI Stilt A tfaarat Sts..Chlcat--mUwiiwHUuyitwtli. ANDOATAtOQUK,

    l Mr 153 WK?" B.1U.V BSlIPBBseM. Eoaltb. Ctv-Ua-

    tf. TWm MftMW. Staflk. &aA--- : r. -- r uSaadry Bt usintk sifuni.hkaiioisaadiiuxrvcwvBa wfor Amlra &. ksd IoCHwHt-HMri-

    FIRSTNational Bank!

    COZXJ u.Aithorised Capital, --

    jPaid

    $250,000

    Im Capital, 50,000

    Sirplus ail Preflts, - - 6,000OFFICXRS SD DIRKCTOR3.

    A. ANDERSON, Pres't.SAM'L C. SMITH. Vice Pres't.

    O. T. ROEN, Cashier..1. W.EARLY,HERMAN OEHLRICH.W. A. MCALLISTER,O. ANDERSON,I. ANDERSON.

    Foreign and Inland Exchange, PassageTickets, ann Real Estate Loans.

    COAL LIME!

    .I.E. NORTH & GO.,

    DEALERS IN

    Coal,

    Hair,Cement.

    Rock Spins l!oalt ...$7.00 per Ion

    Carbon (Wyoming) Coal.. .... 6.00 "

    Eldon (Iowa) Coal .... 3.50 "

    Blacksmith Coal of best quality al-ways on hand at low-

    est prices.

    North Side Eleventh St.,

    COLUMBUS, NEB.14.3m

    UNION PACIFIC

    LAND OFFICE.Improved and Unimproved Farms,

    Hay and Grazing Lands and CityProperty for Sale Cheap

    AT THE

    Union Pacific Land Office,

    On Long Time and low rateof Interest.

    IST Final proof made on Timber Claims,Homesteads and s.

    S5TA11 wishing to buy lands of any de-scription will please call and examinemy list of lands before looking else where

    tdTAll having lands to sell will pleasecall an,d give me a description, term .prices, etc.

    J3TI a so am prepared to insure prop-erty, as I have the agency or severaltir.-'t-cla-ss Fire insurance companies.

    F. W. OTT, Solicitor, speaks German.

    8AMI! El' C SMITH,:t0.tf Columbus, Nebraska.

    BECKER & WELCH,

    PROPRIETORS OF

    SHELL CREEK MILLS.

    MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLE-SALE DEALERS IN

    FLOUR AND MEAL.

    OFFICE, COL UMB US, NEIL

    SPEICE & NORTH,

    GWra( Agents for the Sale of

    REAL ESTATE.

    Union Pacific, and3ltdland PacificR. R. Lands for sale afffom $3.00 to $10.00per acre for cash, or on fire or ten yearstime, in annual payments to suit pur-chasers. We have also a large andchoice lot of other lands, improved andunimproved, for sale at low price andon reasonable terms. Also business andresidence lots in the city. We keep acomplete abstract of title to all real es-tate in Platte County.

    621 COLUMBUS, NEB.

    LOUIS SCHREIBER,

    All kiids of-Repa- iriig deae aShort Notice. Baggies, Wag- -

    ohs, etc. Bade to erder,aad all work Gaar- -

    aateed.

    AIm stll the world-famou- s Walter A.Weed Hewers, leavers, Cemhin- -

    ed Machines, Hamsters,and Belf-sdmde- rs the

    best made.

    'Shop opposite the "Tattersall," onOlive Stn COLUMBUS. 26-- m

    8KATIN0 AND COURTING.Twas noonllt-ht- , aad the world was white;Je were a merry part;

    We skimmed the glassy field that night.Yean? blood, and spirits hearty:

    We scored the ice In fancy whirls.Each did bis share of prating

    Warm-hearte- d men and bonny girlsThe night we went

    Boaa was there, and that was whyMy heart was like a feather:

    I crossed her oft, but she slid shy.We could not come together.

    Fortune at last was kind and freeI had for months been waiting-Fo- r

    Just that chance that came to meThe night we went

    I could not tell you all the game.For love had made me stupid.

    But plump into my arms she camoA living, breathing Cupid.

    She did not fall, she did not scroatn.She did not start Derutmjr,

    We simply both slid with the streamThat night we went

    Since then we've gone through life as ona.In every kind of weather-- Instorm or calm, in rain or sun,

    8U11 keeping pace together.And though there's winter on our brows

    Love's power la still elatingWe'll no'er forrfe-- t the hurried vows

    That night we wentirflltom Ltfe, in A. 1. Journal.

    BEATER HATS.

    Tho following" joke " has been goingthe rounds of the newspapers for someweeks pasL " Pa," said a child, thirst-ing for knowledge, " they say that beav-ers are the most industrious of animals.What do they make?"

    "Beaver hats, my child, beaver hats,"replied the father.

    This paragraph, although coming un-der the head of "Fun and Humor,' ' hassoma serious, significant facts connectedwith it, which ought to be very suggest-ive to the fathers of this generation.The "pa" here spoken of is like a num-ber of other "pas" whom we haveseen, "pas" whose minds are so entirelyabsorbed in solving the financial prob-lems of business life that they have notime, or thought, to give to their chil-dren. They see them for only a shorttime in the morning, and an hour or soin the evening, and consequently do notknow their own children, as far as theirpeculiarities and characteristics areconcerned. We saw a father a few dayssince who could not guess within two orthree years the ages of any of his chil-dren! Yet, he was a good father in theway of providing for them, and gavethem all the advantages of educationwithin his power. When the childspoken of asked his father about bea-vers, it was to him an ques-tion. He was anxious to know what theindustries of these wonderful animalsare. His father gave no thought to thequestion; he was probably hidden be-hind the sheets of his voluminous morn-ing paper, engrossed in the current newsreport, or market values, or turningover and over in his mind some contem-plated business scheme, which he hopedto carry through that day, and onlyheard mechanically his son's question.The word beaver made impressionenough upon his mind to be associatedwith hate perhaps he was in need ofa new beaver hat, or had just boughtone. He carelessly answered his boy'squestion, and it immediately passed outof his mind. Not so with the boy, how-ever. He pondered over his father'sanswer for an hour, or more, after hehad left the house. The beavers mubt,indeed, bo very ingenious animals tomake hats. He wonders why ho hasnever heard of their wonderful achieve-ments before. Where are their manu-factories and stores? lie finally con-cludes that in the room back of thestores where hats are sold there mustbe a large force of beavers tit work,making them, and he is determinedupon investigating for himself the nexttime he goes down town. But on sec-ond thought, he fears it may be sometime before the opportunity will pre-sent itself, and the subject being quittoo weighty to cany long upon hisyouthful mind, he seeks his mother'scounsel.

    The mother is in the sewing-roo-very busily engaged at the sewing-machin- e.

    She is barricaded all around herwith a wall two feet high of unfinished'garments, which are needed in the fam-ily immediately, and must be finishedoff that day. As her boy comes into theroom he stumbles over the blocks ofwhite cloth in his way, to get to hismother's side. The mother turns fromthe long seam which she Ls rapidly run-ning through the machine, to see thedifferent portions of several garmentswhich she has placed together all dis-arranged by the thoughtless little feetin search oi knowledge.

    "Do be more careful, Tommy," shesays; " just see how you are disarrang-ing my work!"

    "I am sorry," the boy replies, "but.mamma, do beavers make hats?"

    " Hats! why of course not," replie.-- :the mother.

    " Well, papa says they do; he told meso this morning.''

    "Oh, you must certainly be mistaken.Tommy; your father would not tell yousuch a thing as that."

    "He did for true, mamma," the loydeclared, emphatically. "I asked himthis morning what the beavers madefor Aunt Mary read yesterday abouttheir being industrious animals, andpapa said they made hats."

    "Papa could not have understoodyour question," the mother replies;"his mind must have been upon some-thing else."

    "Well, he ought to pay attention tome when I want to know "useful things,don't you think so, mamma? What dobeavers do if they don't make hats?"and Tommy looks intently into hismother's face.

    The mother slackens the speed of hersewing-machin- e, while she tells her lit-tle boy all she knows about beavers,and even stops to read up the subject of"Beavers" in the encyclopedia, so as tobe enabled to give her child a full ac-count of what he is so anxious to know.The boy goes off to his play satisfied,and the mother returns to her workwith an increase of force to make upfor lost time. She ponders herhusband's answer to his boy's ques-tion over in her heart, and begins tofeel anxious lest her poor husbandis losing his mind or his interestin his family. Home training seems tobe turned over almost entirely to themothers of this generation, and theyeeem to have all the responsibilities ofthe bringing up of the .children. Weknow that the bread and butter questionof life is a very important one thatbusiness men in these days of competi-tion must be on the alert to get theirhare of business. We know they are

    tried in many vexatious ways; thatthey have a great deal of wearing workto do, and come home wear with thecontest But so do the mothers. It isremarkable what financial problemsthey solve! Look out of the window inthe morning, when the street are fullof children going to school, and see howwell-dress- ed they are. Look at theboys, with their neat, warm, well-fittin- ghome-mad- e suits of clothes, which werenude oat of father's old ones. Look atthe girls, with their pretty combination

    fcoHOTea gat of the good parte

    of three or four of mother's dresseswhich have done service for years past.The larger number of these childrendo not belong to the "well-to-do- "families of the community; theyare from families where thefather earns anywhere from forty, fiftyor sixty dollars a month; and yet, ffyou go into the homes of such peoplo,how many of them you will find neat,attractive" and prettily furnished. Allthe necessary comforts will be there,and some of the extras. Perhaps thereare four or five children in these homes,to be clothed and sent to school everyday. The accomplishment of all thisdepends upon the management of thewife and mother of the family, lalkabout the extravagances of our Ameri-can women! Rather tell of the wonder-ful economy and good financial man-agement of the wives and mothers ofour country. Tho economical womenfar outnumber the extravagant womenof this age. The mothers manage thetemporal wants of their children so ad-mirably that it is very easy for thofathers to give the training of thomental, moral and religious characterof their children over to the mothers,also. It is a very often-quote- d phrasethat " a man is what his mother madohim." If a boy becomes a noble man,it is due to the intluences of a goodmother. True, but if a boy turn out adissolute, dishonest prolligate, is thatalso due to tho mother's training?

    We all know the worth and influenceof a good mother, but have fathers notan equal responsibility and inlluence inthe training of their children? Do thechildren not inherit from the father aswell as the mother? When we lookaround us we see everywhere the verityof God's laws. " The sins of the fathersshall be visited upon thechiUrcn."' Asageneral thing, whore the father has vicesof a peculiar character some of the chil-dren will be addicted to the same sins.This great question of inheritance is onewe snail not try to explain as it is anunsolved one, "an intricate one, whichthe wisest of us can not unravel. But itseems to us as important that childrenshould have a good father as a goodmother; that fathers should be as care-ful to cultivate pure, true, Christiantraits of character as the mothers; thatthey should be a3 interested in the train-ing of the children as the mothers. Willnot the father be held as responsible forthe faithful discharge of the sacred du-ties of parentage as the mother will be?

    It is very hard when a business manturns his key upon his office for him toturn it also upon all worrimenLs andthoughts of business, and go home

    with financial cares, to de-vote himself to the happiness and inter-ests of his children. But the man whohas will-pow- er and stamina enough t?do this is a happy husband and father,and his family is a happy one in conse-quence. How many children there arewho hear their fathers continuallygrumbling over business prospects, andtalking about losses and disappoint-ments, until the sympathizing younghearts, that should" otherwise be freeand happy, are weighed down withfather's business troubles and trialsMrs. Susan T. Tern, in Chicago In-terior.

    Hew She Choked Him Off.

    She was a handsome young woman.This was remarked b' a dozen differentpeople as she entered the Union Depot,bhe was going East by the CanadaSouthern. This was remarked by aconceited ycung snip of a fellow wholooked "masher" from the crown of hishat to tho heels of his gaiters. She hadno sooner purchased her ticket andtaken a seat than he began to circlearound. She saw him and read hischaracter, and beckoning him to ch

    she asked:"Are you going to Buffalo?"" Yes ah certainly.""I am glad to hear it. Will you do

    me a favor?""With all my heart. Command

    me."" I'm afraid my trunk was left at the

    hotel. Could I ask you to run up andsee about it?"

    " Of course certainl,- - only too hap-py- !"

    It was twenty minutes to train time.He was back in sixteen, his face flushed,his ears red and his breathing spasmod-ic. He had done some tall running.The trunk was not there.

    " Oh, dear, but would you be so kindas to look into the baggage-room?- "

    He would. He did. He ended ascore of trunks around, mado a doeninquiries for a Saratoga with an "E"on the ends, and finally returned to thowaiting-roo-m to say

    But she wasn't there! The train wasalso gone! A man who had a sorethroat and felt mad at the whole worldinformed him that he had no soonerstarted for thebaggnge-roon- i than shepicked up her reticule and boanled thotrain, her face wearing a happ' smileand her rosebud mouth gently puckeredup as she hummed: "The chap 1 leftbehind me!"

    "And it looks to me," added the edinvalid, "as if it Mas a put up

    job to choke offyour society.""Hanged if it wasn't!"" gasped the

    other as lie sat down to rest his knees.Detroit Free Press.

    Turkish Character.In character the Turks are thrift,

    sober andfairly industrious; the mount-aineers are an especially hardy and act-ive race. Temperance is enjoined bytheir religion, and such insobriety asexists is limited to the Christians, andis not general enough to present itselfas a temptation to a foreign workman.It appears that the quality and consci-entiousness of the work executed is bat-ter in Asiatic Turkey than in otherparts. Nevertheless I find that iuEpirus the embroidery is noticed as be-ing particularly rich, beautiful and du-rable, the jewelry and diamond settingvery good, but the work of builders,masons, joiners, carpenters, black-smiths, is quite second-rat-e and want-ing both in solidity and finish. In thisdistrict the artisans seem to live underfavorable conditions. In Yaniha, theprincipal town, a tolerable kind ofhouse may be purchased for $350, 400,or rented for $45. There is suchabundance of excellent game in thecountry that a hare costs twelve centa,a brace of wild ducks or partridgestwenty cents onlj. At the cook-shop- sa good meat dinner, with wine, may behad for fifteen cents. These charges,compared with the rate of wages, provethat as regards food the laborer has noreason to complain. French, Italianand German skilled workmen generallymanage to save considerable money-so- me

    of them earning twenty dollaroer month here easily save ono-ha- lf oJtheir wages. The land-owne- rs agrcin stating that their great impedimentto good farming is the absence of plow-ing, reapine and.thrashing instruments,which would however be most certainlyimported at once if there were work-men who would properly repair themwhen out of order. Constantinople Cor.Brooiiyn Eagle.

    Pompeii, Past and Present.

    When the Pompeiians looked from:he.ir elevated forum as sightly a placenow, aud lacking little but the "pillaredporticoes that surrounded it they saw,3n their uear northwest, a pleasantlyi::cessible mountaiu, cattle grazing ont beautiful meadows, which "covered allaut the summit that was level, butiterile. The geographer, Strabo, whoived before and after "Anno Domini,"aid: "The summit has an appearancef ashes, and it shows rugged rocks ofooty consistency and color, as if theyad "been formed by fire." And, in thetyle of a modern scientist, he added:One might conclude from that that thelountaiu had once burned and possessedery abysses, and had become extin- -uished "when the material was spent;nd just from this cause may be its pres--nt fertility."Fifty orsixty years afterwards there

    ras no doubt "about Jts nature. Itslopes began to tremble, and sixteenears from that time, in the short reignf Titus, A. D. 79, iu the most elegantra of Roman civilization, when every-lin- g

    was just freshened aud new at'oinpoii the serious damage by earth-uak- e

    being repaired with a liberal ap-propriation for the purpose "by the Ro-ia- n

    Senate just then, with no warning,ragic nature spread over the whole aide, deep layer of fertile soil, and, in

    aany instances, without blurring thorescoes or breaking the marble tables,losed the gates that we shall now enter.Let us go at ouce to the Forum. It

    vas the lively center, and is surroundediv public edifices, mostly, religious wcnight call them churches, for that isvhat they were. It is a sightly spot,bout one hundred and ten feet aboveea level: and thence we shall seethevhole grand spectacle, all we had beenalking about - all the approaches.

    We go in the --Sea Gate." ami whileve rapidh nd bv the best of steps,he old Pompcian step.-- we understandtow the sea came near this side of thejity. before the fall of a tremendoushower of boiling land, ashes and bakedlebblcs. and warm water and stewedmid. The first fall was the little, clean,irht pumice stones; that isvhv evervthinsr is so nicemil uninjured. Then came ashes.mil. sifting in, sealed everything uplir-tigh- t, 1 suppose. Hot water andleetrilied mud were showered aroundn the air and lava was running on theround, but none of these", either earlr late in the shower, happened to blow

    md How toward Pompeii, viz: Theuva which becomes a solid rock whent cool- -, aud which hardens exceedinglyy age. It did How over Herculaneumthe Italian- - write Ercole,' "Erco-ano- "

    and "Ercolanese" instead oflereiiles, Herculaneum and Hcrcula-lia- u

    and that is why the uncovering ofErcolano" is not pursued; being diffi-:iil- t,

    laborious and expensive, added to.he fact of a populous town over it,jwncd by persons who would be incon-venienced by haviug to abandon theirtomes.

    Walking on. we begin to understand,tNo, that Pompeii was built longerigo than history can tell of, ever solung before the time of the Roman Em-pire on a shelf of lava that was an-ient when Pompeii was young: thatbroke ofl'.-ti-ep-ly at the shore, and alsoalong the low bottom lands of the old-tim- e

    Santo, non-existe- nt now.The forifni'' i the public square.

    The "piazza" and "plaza" of the townsoi modern Italy, Spain and SpanishAmerica are the lineal descendants ofthe ancient forum. Then, as now, es-pecially in the smaller towns, the forumwas the civil aud municipal familylounging hioni, gossiping place, prom-enade resort, declamation opportunity,the "City Hall Square." The publicedifices around it were finished elegant-ly, and were liberally embellished with'tattiary, generally of a mythologicallesion, illustrating noted occurrences

    .if the long, symbolic stories. Theseadilices were all constructed very openlyin the front, making the little forum ofthe little city for Pompeii was notarge a lovely center, an architectural

    classical bijou. Nature aided, as naturelet roved, or rather, did not destroy,furiously robbed, appropriated and pre-served for the benefit of the nineteenthcentury thinker. For after learningwhat here we can of the details, the art,architecture and special modes ofRoman Empire times, we have stored".way a skull bowl full of material forarefu' thought. The Manhattan.

    How Raisins are Made.Malaga. Valencia ami Smyrna raisins

    Jerive their names from the placeswhciiiv t!ie come. Of these, theStnvrua black raisins are the cheapest;I he Malaga being held in the highe-- testimation, and fetching fully a thirdmore than any other description ofrasius. In Andalusia, in Spain, thereare two di-tin- ct vines -- the Pero-iniene- z,

    which was imported in thefir-.- t instance from the liorders of theRhine by a German some two hundredand fifty years ago, and the Mu-ca- t,which i- - indigenous. Opinion as to therespective nieril-o- f the two vines varies;but their cultivation is conducted in the--ame wa. manure of great strengthbeing liberally supplied. The growthof the vines is dilk-rcn-t from those ofSouthern Italy. In Andalusia, theycreep along the surface of thejrouudas -- liawberries do, thus gathering allthe atnio-pher- ic heat; the branchesappear like roots, and the grapes,though while, have a golden tinge.The vintage i- - very carefully conducted,the fruit not being all gathered at once,but the same ground gone over threetimes, -o that all the grapes are proper-ly ripe when picked.

    The grapes arc prepared for themarket iu three different ways bysimple drying in the sun; by washing,and by steam drying. In followingthe first method, which is the generalprocess in Malaga, divisions are con-structed of either brick or stone, in aninclined position, .exposed to the sun'srays. These divisions are built in atone end with a triangle formed ofmasonry, and so arranged that the sunalways shines on its contents. Theinteriors of these compartments arethickly spread with fine gravel to absorbthe heat. Directly the grapes aregathered, they are put into these divi-sions aud are fully exposed to theintense heat of the Andalusian sun. Itis stated by experienced cultivators thatduring the month of August they attaina temperature of one hundred andforty-liv-e degrees Fahrenheit. At nightthe 'fruit is protected from the heavvydews or ram by stout canvas beingstretched over the tops of the divisions.Some people put on planking instead.Grapes take a longer time drying inthis manner than by the scalding plan,as then they are ready in four days;but dried only bv the sun's heat, th'eytake ten days". The loss of thne, how-leve- r,

    is fully compenstated for by theeconomy of the process.

    In drying by washing, the following

    method is pursued: Furnaces of feebledraught are built, in which wood onlyis used as fuel; a lye is made of theresidue or refuse of the grape, afterpressing, which is either that obtainedfrom the present year'3 vintage, orwhat is left over from tho last Thelye is put into a round kettle, capableof holding from three hundred to fourhundred litres. The grapes are thenput into wire sieves or colanders withlong handles, and plunged into the lye,boiling at a temperature of about twohundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit.After the first immersion, the grapesare looked over to see if the skins areshriveled enough; if not sufficientlydone, they are" plunged into the lye asecond time. Sometimes a third im-mersion is necessary; but this is rarelythe case.

    Drying by steam, is chiefly followedin the province of Denia, because therethe heat of the sun cannot be dependedupon, as in Malaga. In wet vintageseasons this plan is also adopted in theSouth. In carrying out the process,the grapes are exposed to the sun's raysfor twenty-fou- r hours, after which theyare placed on boards and carried into abuilding with shelves in it from six toseven feet high. Heat is produced bysteam, which circulates through thebuilding in an iron tube. The heat iskept up to one hundred aud sixtvdegrees Fahrenheit, aud valves, whichare placed along the lloor, regulate thetemperature. The drying generallytakes about twenty-fou- r hours; but astoo great a change "of temperature sud-denly experienced would cause injuryto the raisins, they are allowed to coolgradually in a room built for thispurpose, and adjoining the steamingdepartment. When quite cool, theyare carried to the stores for packing.

    When the drying is thoroughly ac-complished, bywhatever plan pursued,the raisins, prior to being packed fore.)ortation, require to be carefullylooked over, and all the broken andbruised ones removed, as a drop ofmoisture from such would very likelydamage a whole box. After this comesthe proper classification, by no meansan easy affair, as merchants and culli-vatorsdiff- er,

    often very materially, onthis subject.

    Besides the raisins already named,may be mentioned Sultans the bestkind to use in making puddings, cakes,etc., for children Muscatels. Lipari.Belvedere, Bloom or jar raisins, andSun or Soils. The best kinds are im-ported iu boxes and jars, such as Malagaand Muscatels; while the inferior sortsare shipped in casks, barrels, frails andmats. Chambers' Journal.

    Heroic Mr. Spilkins.

    "No," said Mr. Spilkins to the smallboy who rang his door bell and asked ifhe wanted his sidewalk shoveled off,and who offered to do the job for aquarter. Spilkins had just been read-ing a book in which a lot of perniciousaphorisms about the desirability ofeconomy were set down, such as, "apenny saved is a penny earned," "agroat a day is a pound a year," etc;therefore he said to himself: "I willsave the quarter that the job of cleaningmy sidewalk would cost, and do thework myself. Besides, the exercise willbe good for me." He told Mrs. S. othis resolution, aud she, like all truewives in these cases, told him that hewas a fool to think of such a thing, audthat to do the work him-c- lf would beten times what it was worth. But Spil-kins has a mind of his own, aud he puton his rubber boots aud mummifiedhimself by means of a louguUter, a com-forter and a fur cap, aud went out to hisself-select- ed labors. As he emergidfrom his door he struck a piece of iceon the top step and went into the streetHying and got a lot of snow up hissleeves and trousers legs and down theback of his neck; however, a little pro-fanity relieved his mind in this respectand he fell to work.

    The job was harder than he antici-pated, but he stuck to it. aud at lastwent into the house agaiu. bathed inperspiration and triumph. But on sit-ting down to smoke, as was his cu-to- mafter anything particular, he found thatin his fall down the steps he had groundto snuff three twenty-fiv- e cent cigarswhich he had in his pocket and the nextmorning woke up with an intlueuzawhich has given him the aspect of theweeping philosopher and the temper ofa bear ever since. He therefore saysthat economy is a fraud and has thrownhis book of maxims into the fire. Bos-ton Journal.

    "English as Shells Tau-cht.- "

    Hitherto San Francisco has beencomparatively free from Anglo-maniac- s,

    for, excepting an occa-sional Eastern traveler who elec-trifies the clerks and habitues of thePalace Hotel office by asking "what heshall do with the braws-es- " when he isdesirous of redeeming bis baggage fromthe transfer compain . the Queen sEuglish has not been inflicted upon thepublic ear. But tho-ego- od days are over,for far away iu the wilds of the We-t-e- ru

    Addition the principal of a primaryschool has undertaken to Anglicize themode of speech of the rising Americansunder her charge. A reporter of theChronicle saw two little girls returningfrom Sunday School morning,and was astoni-he- d to hear tlini takeleave of each other in tie following man-ner: "Hit's 'awlf-pa- st ten, .ltie, awndI mu-- t go 'ome. Me mother will behangry. Don't forget to come hoverto tne'onse this hawfternoon, Hawnie,"replied the other; and they parted.

    "Who told you to ay hawfternoon'?"the reporter ed of one of the littlemisses.

    "The teacher," she answered. "Hallthe boys and girls have to do that."

    "Since when?""O, a long time now. Our teacher

    says that it is not proper to say 'after-noon.'"

    "You don't say so," said the aston-ished reporter. "Docs she make you u-- eany other words?"

    "O yes; she makes us say awnd,' andthe little girl opened her jaws like arock-cod- 's to give the proper pronunci-ation. "Awnd she sas dawg, too,"she continued, "awnd" brawss. awndcawn't, awnd pawk. awnd mawn. O,hit's beginning to rwain;" and nbescampered off without giving the re-porter an opportunity to ask the nameof the school and its principal. - SanFrancisco Chronicle.

    It should occasion no alarm thatthere were less than five thousanddollars' worth of diamonds exportedfrom the Cape from August to Novem-ber of last year. You will be able to getjust as large pieces of paste for five dol-dolla- rs

    in this country as vou ever didDetroit Post.

    That was a bright prison chaplainwho, when asked by a friend how thepsrishoners were, replied: "All undarconviction. " Waltham Btserd.

    BEIJGIOUS A5D EDUCATIONAL.

    The Mormon Church in Utah re-ceives about $2,000,000 a year in tithes.

    Indiana has 3,737 church edifice?,Talued at $12,555,000. She pavs hexsoinisters $1,037,337.

    The Congregaiionalist wishes thatministers afflicted with drawling,drowsy, clipped or other objectionablehabits'of utterance could have businesstalk through a telephone half an houreach day.

    At Mr. Moody's recent meetings inLondon the Bible'readings were attend-ed by about 3,000 persous daily, andthe preaching by 5,000. Overflowmeetings were often necessary. Tho.work has boen highly commended bythe London press.

    Minnesota, where a Sunday-scho- olwas first established thirty-seve- n yearsago, has now 1,444 schools, with 7(5.000scholars and 11,000 teachers and off-icers. The net gain last vear was 118schools of 4,000 scholars and 100 teach-ers. St. Paul Iress.

    Free seats seem to be popular inMassachusetts. The Episcopalians havo128 churches or chapels; the seats iumore than half of them are free Oftwenty-tw- o churches in Boston thirteenof them are free; aud of niue new onesorganized during the pat year in theState eight are free. liostoii Journal.

    Out of the entire population of1,783,085 in 1880, in Massachusetts.onlyseven-tenth- s of one per cent, were nati-ve-born illiterates, less than that ofany other people in the world. So saysGovernor Robinson. And he adds that"it may be safe to assume that no onewill hold the schools respousible for theignorance of men and women born andreared in foreign countries, or who nev-er crossed the threshold of a Massachu-settsschool-houso- ."

    Poiton Transcript.The Faculty of Bowdoin College

    have established" trial by jury as thebest mode of inforcing college disci-pline. Each class elects a juryman, andeach of the secret societies and theanti-secr- et society does the same. ThePresident is the Judge, but the jury de-cides all questions of fact. The ac-cused is not entitled to plead "notguilty" unless the plea Is true, and ifhe makes this plea falsely he is liable tobe proceeded against for falsehood.A", y. Examiner.

    This is the centennial year of Meth-odism in America. The General Con-ference organization of tho MethodistEpiscopal Church in America took placein Baltimore in DecemlMsr, 1781. Iucommemoration of that event the Gen-eral Conference of delegates from allMethodist bodies will celebrate the cen-tennial in that city next December, andalready preparations; are making for it.There are now 3,500.009 Methodists inthe United States and thev have churHiproperty valued at 70, 000,000. Cin-cinnati Commercial-- G a rctte.

    Guessing aiid Knowing,

    A writer in the Milling World says:"The man who knows he is making lift'cents per barrel ou his Hour is apt to bobetter off than he who 'guesses' he ismaking 'about' seventy-fiv-e cents."There is a grcatdealof wholesome truthin the above statement. Too manymanufacturers allow themselves toguess at what profit they arc making,instead of actually knowing that fact.Instances are by no means rare wheremen engaged in busine-- s think they aromaking money when they are on thevery verge of bankrupted . An old com-mercial agency reporter relates an in-stance in point. He was interviewing amerchant in one of our Western towns.In the course of his conversation hoasked the latter how much he consid-ered himself worth over aiid above allliabilities. The reply was that hethought himself worth fully ten thou-sand dollars. His surprise was verygreat when the reporter kindly informedhim that were he to be compelled toclose his business at once he would not,after liquidating his outstanding obliga-tions, be worth a penny, and this asser-tion was made upon facts which thomerchant himself had disclosed.

    There is no excuse for such ignoranco.With a moderate degree ot care aman can keep him-e- lf at all times wellinformed as to the statu of his busi-ness.

    It would not be difficult to find man-ufacturers wlu arc actually selling theirproductions at a loss, because they havnot properly estimated their co&t. Thetrouble is that the manufacturers eitherdo not understand what elements enterinto the cost, or. so understanding, aretoo negligent to make the nece-sar- ycomputation. It is easier to gues-- , thatmaterials cost so much. labor --o much,packing and shipping so much, andmarketing so much, than to tiacc outthe actual expenditures in e.ich de-partment, and to finally arrive at some-thing approaching mathematical ex-actitude.

    It may be well enough to do tieguessing-wor- k when the margins ofprofit mi) broad and the chances olmaking a fatal mi-ta- kc are not great,but it is otherwise when go.ds niu-- t basold at a close figure. Then it b'eo.nesnecessary for the nuiniifaetiirer to hefully acquaintaneed with hi- - aff.iirs.

    In close competition it isthat the actual cost of his goods be as-certained so that he may know howclose he can make his prices. Suppo-- ethat he be a maker of locks which a tu-al- ly

    cost eight cents apiece to produce.If he is offered nin cents for them hecan make the sale and still re-er- ve aprofit; btit suppose iu-tc- ad of knowingthe cost he guesses that it is nine cents,he may lose this trade by refusing auoffer which he thinks is below the costof production. On the otherhand, sup-pose that he uupssks that his locks onlycost seven cents and is offered sevenand a half cents for a quantity, whichoffer he accepts because lie thinks thathe may get out whole in the transac-tion lie will be likely to find himselfin the condition of the oid lady whosold eggs for eight cents per dozen thatcost her ten cents, who, whrn interro-gated as to how she could make moneym such a trade, replied that she did soby carrying on a very large business.If the manufacturer finds that he is un-able to compute the cost of his produc-tions, it should be his first business toemploy some one who can. It will notdo to make mistakes in suou an impor-tant matter.

    Obviously we are speaking in thisarticle of but a small fraction of themanufacturing fraternity. The major-ity have au intelligent idea of not onlythe cost of the completed articles ofmanufacture brought out in their works,but also of the cost of the several partsthereof aud of the material of whichthey are composed.

    Indeed, there are many concernswhere it is absolutely essential that thisshould be the case, and if all other man-ufacturers were as particular, the list offailures, which now presents such for-midable proportions," would b greatlv4ctta9d, Industrial World.


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