Licensing Agreement

I have read, understand, and agree to the terms and conditions of the licensing agreement set forth by Awesome Guides, Inc. for this virtual field trip CD, and the virtual field trip series. Failure to abide to this agreement constitutes criminal activity by federal, state and local laws. By pressing the accept button below, or by using any part of this legally or otherwise purchased/acquired show, you are entering into a legal and binding contract and accept and agree to the terms as outlined by the licensing agreement.

Accept Decline

Navigation Index

NOTE: Navigation Buttons Work in TV Presentation View ONLY

EndShow

Begin ShowSurface miningCoal factsCoal and coal miningCoal and coal miningMining MethodsTypes of CoalAnthracite coalShaft MiningBituminous coalSub-bituminousLignite coalCoal storageCoal-fired power plant

Coal supplyPulverizerBoilerCoal-fired boilerBoiler cleaningTurbine, generatorGenerator roomCondensersControl roomResults of burning coalNitrogen oxidesRe-burning

technologiesNox Re-burnersCarbon dioxideSulfur dioxideSO2 Deposition

Navigation Index

NOTE: Navigation Buttons Work in TV Presentation View ONLY

EndShow

Water dischargeWater PurificationWater resource useWater resource useEffect of pollution discharge managementSubstation, transformer, transmission linesCreditsTV Presentation Instructions

Sulfur Dioxide MapSO2 stripperMercury/mercury compoundsMethaneEnvironmental impact summaryElectrostatic precipitatorElecto-static diagramElectro-static movieSolid Waste GenerationPrecipitator, ash systemsCondenser and cooling water Condenser and cooling waterCooling tower and environ.

impactCooling tower and environ.

impactCooling tower and environ.

ImpactCooling tower diagram

Coal Fired Power Virtual Field Trip(Your tour through the operation and

environmental impacts of power generation)

Awesome Guides, Awesome Guides, Inc.Inc.

Pen

A surface coal mine of sub- bituminous (4,000 -

6,000 BTU’s) and lignite, giving the coal a brown tint. This large surface coal mine uses draglines and shovels. Coal is not processed, it is simply crushed and screened, then sold to generating plants. Bituminous (12,500

BTU’s) coal has almost no sulfur, which makes it appealing to coal burning power plants. Coal is moved via large coal trains

Coal is a fossil fuel formed from the decomposition of organic materials that have been subjected to geologic heat and pressure over millions of years. Coal is a nonrenewable resource because it cannot be replenished within a human time frame.

The activities involved in generating electricity from coal include mining, transporting to power plants, and burning the coal for power generation. Initially, coal is extracted from surface or underground mines. The coal is often cleaned or washed at the coal mine to remove impurities before it is transported to the power facility by train, barge, or truck. Finally, at the power facility, the coal is burned in boilers to produce steam. The steam is then run through a turbine to generate electricity.

Coal is a fossil fuel…a sedimentary organic rock containing more than 50%

carbonaceous material by weight, and composed largely of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Coal began with ancient plants that grew in swamps millions of years ago. Geological processes over vast spans of time, compress and alter plant remains, increasing the % of carbon, producing

various ranks of coal. Mine workerMine worker

Dragline scraper

The four recognized ranks of coal are: anthracite, bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. In the United States, coal is ranked according to its heating value, fixed carbon and volatile matter content and, its caking characteristics during combustion.

Anthracite – Is used primarily for residential and commercial space heating, Anthracite is the highest rank of coal. Its hard, brittle, lustrous black texture contains a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter. It is often called "hard coal." Freshly-mined anthracite usually contains less than 15 percent moisture content. Its typical heat content is 15 million Btu per short ton or less.

Shaft Mining Operations

Bituminous Bituminous - Dense coal black/dark - Dense coal black/dark brown color usually with well-defined brown color usually with well-defined bands of contrasting bright and dull bands of contrasting bright and dull material. It’s used primarily to material. It’s used primarily to generate steam for electric power. generate steam for electric power. Large quantities are used for power Large quantities are used for power and heating applications. In active U.S. and heating applications. In active U.S. mining regions, bituminous coal is the mining regions, bituminous coal is the most abundant. It has a a moisture most abundant. It has a a moisture content of less than 20 percent and a content of less than 20 percent and a heat content range between 21 to 30 heat content range between 21 to 30 million Btu per ton in a moist, mineral million Btu per ton in a moist, mineral and matter-free basis. Of the four and matter-free basis. Of the four ranks, bituminous coal accounts for ranks, bituminous coal accounts for over half (51 %) of demonstrated over half (51 %) of demonstrated reserves. Bituminous coal is found reserves. Bituminous coal is found primarily east of the Mississippi River, primarily east of the Mississippi River, with the greatest amounts in Illinois, with the greatest amounts in Illinois, Kentucky and West Virginia. Kentucky and West Virginia.

Sub-bituminousSub-bituminous – In one quality, this coal can be – In one quality, this coal can be dull, dark brown to black in color and soft and dull, dark brown to black in color and soft and crumbly. It can also exist as bright, jet black in crumbly. It can also exist as bright, jet black in color, hard and strong. Used primarily as fuel for color, hard and strong. Used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power generation, sub-steam-electric power generation, sub-bituminous coal has properties ranging between bituminous coal has properties ranging between those of lignite and bituminous coal. The heat those of lignite and bituminous coal. The heat content of sub-bituminous coal is from 17 to 18 content of sub-bituminous coal is from 17 to 18 million Btu per ton. All sub-bituminous coal (38 million Btu per ton. All sub-bituminous coal (38 percent of the demonstrated reserve base) is percent of the demonstrated reserve base) is west of the Mississippi, mostly in Montana and west of the Mississippi, mostly in Montana and Wyoming.Wyoming.

Lignite - This coal has a brownish-black color, a high moisture content and is the lowest rank of coal. It is often called "brown coal" and is used almost entirely as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It accounts for slightly less than 10 percent of the demonstrated reserve base and is found mostly in Montana, Texas and North Dakota.

When coal arrives at the power plant large amounts are stored on site in the “coal yard”.

Coal is piled up in the “coal yard” and transferred to the boiler as needed.

Coal Supply

Processed coal from the coal yard is delivered by a conveyor belt, to the boiler!

Pulverizer Pulverizer The coal is pulverized, or crushed to a fine powder, then mixed with air and blown into the boiler, or furnace for combustion.

Enclosed conveyer belts carry coal to the pulverizer!

Boiler

Heated water turns into steam in the boiler.

Flames inside the boiler

Coal-Fired Boiler

Boiler

This boiler is shut down for cleaning!

Turbine, Generator

Generator Room

Condensers

Control Room

Plant operations are monitored, using very little human power!

Smoke rising from the cooling towers above is 98%, plus, water vapor. Regulations require the control of emissions.

Results of Burning Coal

Nitrogen oxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels, contribute to smog and acid precipitation (rain). Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are hazardous to human health and the environment. Acid rain harms aquatic ecosystems (rivers, lakes and wetlands) as well as forests and crops.

Nitrogen oxides are a component of smog and ground level ozone primarily produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. Main causes are vehicles, power generation and industrial processes.

The health impacts of smog exposure include impaired lung function in the short term and accelerated deterioration of lung function over the long term. Children and individuals with respiratory problems are at a greater risk.

Nitrogen Oxides

Re-burning technologies for control of NOx emissions.

NOx Re-burners

Carbon DioxideBurning fossil fuels releases carbon into the atmosphere that has been stored underground for millions of years. The carbon in fossil fuels is transformed, by combustion, into carbon dioxide, which is the predominant gas contributing to the greenhouse effect.

Sulfur dioxide Emissions from the burning of coal react with water and oxygen in the air to form sulfate aerosols — acidic compounds that fall to the Earth in the form of acid rain.

The The Top of Top of a SOa SO22 Control Control StrippeStripperr

Mercury/Mercury CompoundsMercury/Mercury Compounds

MethaneMethane is one of many greenhouse gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, resulting in a “greenhouse effect.” It is the 2nd-most prevalent greenhouse gas emitted by the U.S. Methane’s contribution to global warming is significant because it is 21 times more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than CO2.

The blue flame is methane gas. Other colors represent other gases.

Burning coal produces carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).

These gases are vented from the boiler. Bottom ash, is made of coarse fragments

that fall to the bottom of the boiler, as a by-product of burning coal.

Fly ash, which is very light, exits the boiler along with hot gases.

An electrostatic precipitator (a huge air filter) removes 99.4% of fly ash before the flue gases are dispersed into the atmosphere.

Environmental Impact SummaryEnvironmental Impact Summary

Electrostatic Precipitator

Solid Waste Generation

Fly is used to make portland cement concrete. This is one of the largest uses for CCP’s (coal combustion products)

Fly ash is trapped in the silo, loaded,(red truck) and sold. It is and used in the making concrete!

Precipitator, Ash Systems

Cooling water is drawn into the plant and circulated through condensers, which cool the steam discharged from the turbine.

Steam from the turbine also passes through the condensers in separate pipes from the cooling water.

Condenser/Cooling Water System

Hyperbolic cooling tower water vapor

The cold water is warmed by the steam, which condenses back into pure water and circulates back into the boiler to begin the process of generating electricity again.

Cooling water, now warm from the heat exchange in the condensers, is released from the plant.

Condenser/Cooling Water System

Cylindrical cooling tower water vapor

Much of the heat produced from burning coal is wasted. A typical coal power plant uses only 33-35% of the coal's heat to produce electricity. The majority of heat is released into the atmosphere or absorbed by the cooling water.

Function of Cooling Towers,

and Environmental Impact

Once billions of gallons of water cycle through a coal-fired power plant, and released into lakes, rivers, or the ocean. This water is now hotter (by up to 20-25° F) than the water that receives it. This "thermal pollution" can decrease fertility and increase heart rates in fish. Sometimes, power plants also add chlorine or other toxic chemicals to their cooling water to decrease algae growth. These chemicals are also discharged back into the environment..

Function of Cooling Towers,

and Environmental Impact

The warm water from the condensers is circulated through the cooling towers, where it is sprayed over a packing in the base of the tower and cooled by the upward draft of air. A small amount of water is lost by evaporation and this is made up from the river. Some coastal power stations use direct cooling rather than cooling towers.

Function of Cooling Towers,

and Environmental Impact

Concrete Shell

Diagonal support columnsand cold are inlet

DriftEliminators

Hot Water Spray

Heat ExchangePacking

Cold Water PondHot Water Inlet

Draught Cooling Tower Counter Flow

WaterDischarge Impacts

To reduce corrosion, water is purified for use in the boiler tubes.

Wastewater systems within the plant collect water that was used to clean pipes and other equipment. Sludge from the water purification process and other processes are also collected.

Waste water is pumped out of the plant into a holding pond and treated.

Water Purification(Holding Pond)(Holding Pond)

Water Resource Use

Water Resource Use

Effect of Pollution Discharge Effect of Pollution Discharge ManagementManagement

Signing of the Clean Air Act

July 1989

Once the electricity is generated, transformers increase the voltage so it can be carried across the transmission lines.

When electricity is delivered to substations in cities and towns, the voltage flowing into the distribution lines is reduced and then reduced again to distribute electricity to the customers.

Substation, transformer, transmission lines

Credits……………

TV Presentation TV Presentation InstructionsInstructions1. Each presentation opens to slide 1 of the navigation

index list of slides. Press button to go only to the LAST slide viewed. Click speaker on slides with voice to replay sound.

2. You can easily navigate through the index of slides or the virtual field trip slides by using the up (back)* and down (forward) keyboard arrow keys, the forward button , or by clicking the left mouse button (forward only).

3. Use the buttons to go to the next slide during the virtual field trip or to a particular slide from the index page; use the button to return to the first index slide.

4. You can always press the button from an index slide to begin the field trip starting at the first virtual slide.

5. You can end a slide show by returning to any index slide using by pressing the button.

EndShow

Return to Index Page 1

* You will need to press the up (back) arrow key twice or more on slides with speaker (voice) icons on them.

Awesome Guides, Inc. (AGI) LICENSE AGREEMENTSINGLE-USER PRODUCTS

THIS IS A LEGAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU (EITHER AN INDIVIDUAL OR AN ENTITY) AND AGI MULTIMEDIA Inc., AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATES ("AGI"). THIS AGREEMENT IS GOVERNED BY THE INTERNAL SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA (AND NOT BY THE 1980 UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS, AS AMENDED). BY INSTALLING OR USING THE SOFTWARE, YOU AGREE TO BE

BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, REMOVE THE PRODUCT FROM YOUR HARD DRIVE AND PERMANENTLY ERASE ALL COPIES OF THE PRODUCT. IF YOU ARE THE

ORIGINAL INSTALLER OF THE SOFTWARE YOU MAY PROMPTLY RETURN THE SOFTWARE (INCLUDING PRINTED MATERIALS) WITH PROOF OF PURCHASE TO THE PLACE WHERE IT WAS PURCHASED FOR A FULL REFUND OF THE

AMOUNT PAID OR STORE CREDIT (AS APPLICABLE). AGI SOFTWARE LICENSE

GRANT OF LICENSE. This License Agreement permits you to use one copy of AGI software (the "Software"), which may include electronic documentation, on a single computer/workstation. The Software is "in use" on a computer when it is loaded into the temporary memory (i.e., RAM or Cache) or installed into permanent memory (e.g., hard

disk, CD-ROM drive, or other storage device) of that computer. This License does not constitute a sale and does not authorize a sale of the Software or anything created thereby. All intellectual property (including copyright,

trademark and patent) in the Software, including all animations, audio, images, maps, music, photographs, video, and text incorporated into the Software, are owned by

AGI and its affiliates, suppliers and licensors, and are protected by United States laws and international treaty provisions. AGI and its affiliates, suppliers and licensors retain all rights not expressly granted. You must treat the

Software like any other copyrighted material, except that you may make one copy of the Software solely for backup or archival purposes. You may transfer your rights under this Agreement on a permanent basis provided you transfer

the license granted by this Agreement, and the Software and all associated printed materials, and you retain no copies, and the recipient agrees to all of the terms of this Agreement.

· You may not use the software on or over a network or any other transfer device (including the Internet) except in a manner using the network and online functions included in the Software, if any. Use of the Software on more than one computer constitutes copyright infringement and may be punishable by civil fines,

criminal penalties, or both.· You may not rent or lease the Software, but schools and libraries may lend the Software to third

parties provided the Software is in CD format and each end user is given a copy of this License Agreement which will govern the use of such Software.

· You may not modify, translate, reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the Software, except to the extent that this restriction is expressly prohibited by applicable law.

· You may not remove any proprietary notices or labels in the Software.· You may not copy the printed materials accompanying the Software or distribute printed copies

of any user documentation provided in electronic format.· You may not publicly perform or publicly display the Software.

,

The restrictions contained herein apply equally to hybrid CD-ROMs which may contain multiple versions of the Software for use on different operating systems. Regardless of the type of media you receive, you may use only the portion appropriate for your single-user computer/workstation. In the event you fail to comply with any of the terms or conditions of this license, your rights to use the Software will end, you shall stop using the Software, remove the

Software from your computer, and permanently erase all copies of the Software. You may not export or reexport the Software or any underlying information or technology except in full compliance with all United States and other

applicable laws and regulations.LIMITED WARRANTY

LIMITED WARRANTY. AGI and its affiliates, suppliers and licensors warrant to the original installer of the Software, for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of purchase, that the media on which the Software is distributed is substantially free from defects in materials and workmanship. ANY AND ALL OTHER IMPLIED WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE AND THE ACCOMPANYING WRITTEN MATERIALS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO

IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED.

REMEDIES. Your exclusive remedy shall be, at AGI's sole option, (a) the refund of the amount you paid for the Software or (b) repair or replacement of the Software, provided that the defective Software is returned to

AGI (at Awesome Guides, Inc. 127 West Fairbanks Ave, Suite #421, Winter Park, Florida, 32789. Telephone: (407) 678-1860 along with proof of the date of purchase within ninety (90) days from the date of purchase. This Limited

Warranty is void if failure of the Software has resulted from accident, abuse, neglect or misapplication. Any replacement Software will be warranted for the remainder of the original warranty period or thirty (30) days, whichever is longer. Except as set forth above, the Software is sold "as-is", without any express or implied

warranties of any kind. LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES. IN NO EVENT WILL AGI OR ITS AFFILIATES, SUPPLIERS AND LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, ECONOMIC, COVER, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES

ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE, USER DOCUMENTATION, OR RELATED TECHNICAL SUPPORT, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES OR COSTS RELATING TO THE LOSS OF PROFITS,

BUSINESS, GOODWILL, DATA, TIME OR COMPUTER PROGRAMS, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT WILL TLC'S AND ITS AFFILIATES', SUPPLIERS' AND LICENSORS' LIABILITY EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID BY YOU FOR THE SOFTWARE REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE CLAIM (INCLUDING, WITHOUT

LIMITATION, ANY CONTRACT, PRODUCT LIABILITY, OR TORT CLAIM). BECAUSE SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE

LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. MISCELLANEOUS

AGI may cancel, change, modify, discontinue, terminate or charge a fee at any time for any reason for the online services advertised as part of this product.

No change or modification of the License will be valid unless it is in writing and is signed by AGI. The provisions of this Agreement are severable; if any provision is held to be invalid or unenforceable, it shall not affect the validity or

enforceability of any other provision. If the Software was acquired outside the United States, then local law may apply.

U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS. The Software and user documentation is provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS

The Software and user documentation is provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS AND LIMITED RIGHTS. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of the

Commercial Computer Software--Restricted Rights at 48 CFR 52.227-19, as applicable. Awesome Guides, Inc. 127 West Fairbanks Ave, Suite #421, Winter Park, Florida, 32789. Telephone: (407) 678-1860)

IMPORTANT NOTE: In order to receive notification of product upgrades and enhancements, please register this product.

CONDITIONS FOR USE

These are Conditions For Use of the Properties contained in the Software. If you do not accept these conditions and you are the original installer of the Software, you may promptly return the Software (including all printed materials)

with proof of purchase to the place it was purchased for a full refund.

All characters, designs, text, photos, clip art, fonts, graphics, templates and projects contained in the Software (the "Properties") are either owned by or used under license by

AGI Multimedia ("AGI") and are protected under trademark, copyright, and other applicable laws. Any and all unauthorized use of the Properties is strictly prohibited. You may not sell any Property or any item containing or

carrying a copy of any Property. Subject to the restrictions described below, you may make copies of the Properties for use in home entertainment and projects, for educational purposes, in advertisements, public or private

presentations, business communications, multimedia presentations, and other similar uses. For example, subject to the restrictions described below, you may use the Properties to create posters, stationery, greeting cards, signs,

invitations, calendars, reports, catalogs, brochures and newsletters.

All rights in derivative works created by the use of a Property shall vest exclusively in AGI or its licensors.

Each authorized use of a Property must be accompanied by the following notice: "(c) 2001 TLC Productivity Properties LLC, and its licensors. All rights reserved."

YOU ARE NOT PERMITTED TO:

* Use any images included in this product containing trademarks or logos of any third-party in any print or electronic media of an editorial, commercial, promotional, or corporate nature.

Resell or sublicense or distribute collections of the Properties including, for example, clip art collections, photo collections or stock collections.

* Sell any item on which any Property is copied or otherwise printed.* Use any of the Properties as a logo, trademark or similar designation of your business.

* Use any individual's or entity's name, likeness, and/or image in any manner which suggests the endorsement or association of any product or service. For example, you may use a photo of an animal in

an advertisement, but you may not use the image of a person.

* Use any Property in or to create any immoral, obscene or scandalous works.

* Use any Property in electronic format, including on-line use, and multimedia applications, unless all of the following conditions are met:

The Properties are incorporated for viewing purposes only.The Properties do not comprise a significant portion of the content of the proposed use.

A notice is included specifying that the Properties may not be saved or downloaded and are only to be used for viewing purposes.

The Properties are embedded at no higher than a base resolution of 512x768.

Accept Decline

Drawing on SlidesDrawing on Slides To mark up slides during a presentation………..To mark up slides during a presentation……….. During your slide show, right-click and point to During your slide show, right-click and point to Pointer OptionsPointer Options..

NoteNote   You must be in    You must be in Slide ShowSlide Show view to see the view to see the Pointer Pointer OptionsOptions command. To switch to the command. To switch to the Slide ShowSlide Show view, on the view, on the ViewView menu, click menu, click Slide ShowSlide Show. .

Click Click PenPen. . Hold your mouse button down as you write or draw on your Hold your mouse button down as you write or draw on your

slides. slides. You can also choose a different color for marking by pointing to You can also choose a different color for marking by pointing to

Pen ColorPen Color and clicking a color. If you don't want to disrupt the and clicking a color. If you don't want to disrupt the continuity of your presentation by right-clicking and navigating continuity of your presentation by right-clicking and navigating through menus, or you are using a Macintosh platform, you can through menus, or you are using a Macintosh platform, you can use the keyboard shortcut CTRL+P to switch to using the pen use the keyboard shortcut CTRL+P to switch to using the pen and CTRL+U or ESC to revert back to the automatic pointer.and CTRL+U or ESC to revert back to the automatic pointer.

Your markings are erased automatically when you move to the Your markings are erased automatically when you move to the next slide. To move to the next slide when you are using the pen, next slide. To move to the next slide when you are using the pen, use the DOWN ARROW key.use the DOWN ARROW key.

Back to Usage Slide