LIBRARY WORKSHOP

Citing References: APA Style 2009

APA Stylehttp://www.apastyle.org

• Developed by the American Psychological Association

• Widely used in Education & Social Sciences journals

• The Publication Manual (6th ed.) has been released in July 2009

• APA journal editors expect that new manuscripts submitted after January 1, 2010, will conform to the 6th edition

• Students and staff of HKIEd are required to use APA style for their reference list or bibliography

Resources of APA Style (6th ed.)

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (6th ed.). (2010). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

APA Style Home Page http://www.apastyle.org/• What’s New, FAQ, Online Tutorials, Supplemental

Materials

APA Style Blog http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/• Discussion of rules by APA Style experts

What’s new in the 6th Edition?• New chapter on academic ethics

Plagiarism, Duplicate publication

• New contents of writing style Headings

• New guidelines of presenting data Reporting inferential statistics Revised statistical abbreviations

• New guidelines of displaying graphic materials

• New guidelines on citing references

• New rules of listing references Electronic resources

Headings Style (proceed through the levels numerically)

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Writing Style

Introduction

MethodSample SelectionInstrumentation and Measures

ResultsAge Physical Health

Body weight and height.Cardiopulmonary functions.Cardiac output.Blood pressure.Blood flow.Lung volume.

Mental Health

Discussion

Cardiac Health of Asian PopulationsApplication of this Study

Conclusions

NEW5-Levels Headings Style

Example

2

3

2

4

5

2

1

1

Writing Style Space twice after punctuation marks at the end of a sentence

Example:

The Institute was granted self-accrediting status in 2004. Currently, we provide

doctoral, master and undergraduate degrees, post-graduate diplomas, certificate

courses and a range of in-service programmes to around 7,000 pre-service

students and serving teachers. In mid-2007, we promulgated a Development

Blueprint for the next decade, outlining our aspiration to become a University of

Education and to extend our scope of educational and research activities, our

footprint and our academic impact within the Asia-Pacific Region.

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double space

double space

Do not use periods with web addresses in text or in the reference list

In text: include URL in parentheses, avoid ending a sentence with a URL

Example:

The APA (http://www.apa.org) has updated the rules of

publication style in July 2009, with expanded discussions on ethics …

Horton, M. (2009, September 9). H1N1 prevention tips by Dr. Mark Horton

[Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=UT2BGE_XyIY

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Writing Style

Citing References• Allows you to use other people’s work by giving credit to

the original author without plagiarizing• Provide documentation for all facts and figures that are not

common knowledge• Strengthens your work by lending outside support to your

arguments• Provides the source information for others who wants to

find out more about your ideas • Accurately prepared references help establish your

credibility as a careful researcher• Out of order/incomplete citations cause inaccurate citation

network indexing

Citing References in Text• References are cited in text with author-date system

and listed alphabetically in the reference list

• Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list

• Each entry in the reference list must be cited in text

• Two kinds of material are cited only in text

1. Classical works: Bible, Qu’rane.g. (2 Cor. 5:17 New International Version)

(Qur’an 5:3-4)

2. Personal communications (non-recoverable data)e.g. B. H. Philips (personal communication, May 11, 2001)

Citing Works by Multiple Authors

• 2 AuthorsCite both authors every time

Smith and Johnson (1998) found that the system …The findings confirmed with previous study (Smith & Johnson, 1998)

• 3-5 AuthorsFirst citation:Cheung, Li, Searle, Chan, and Frazer (1996) reviewed the theory of …

Subsequent citations:Cheung et al. (1996) further developed a measuring system …

• 6 or more AuthorsUse et al. (not italicized) for the first and subsequent citations

Kohn et al. (2007) suggested the possible causes …

Reference Lists• Arrange by authors in Alphanumerical Order• Each reference cited in text must appear in the

reference list• Each entry in the reference list must be cited in

text

Entire BookDamrosch, D. (2003). What is world literature? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University

Press.

Edited BookErcikan, K., & Roth, W-M. (Eds.). (2009). Generalizing from educational research:

Beyond qualitative and quantitative polarization. New York, NY: Routledge.

Book ChapterTian, C. (2009). Development of dialectical materialism in China. In B. Mou (Ed.),

History of Chinese philosophy (pp.512-538). London, England: Routledge.

Publication Place

• Include the state abbreviation (e.g., New York, NY) for all cities of United States

• Include the Country for all locations outside United States

Coles-Ritchie , M. (2009). Inciting change in secondary English language programs

: The case of Cherry High School . New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Haughey , J. C. (2009). Where is knowing going? : The horizons of the knowing

subject. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Hardman, A. E., & Stensel, D. J. (2009). Physical activity and health : the evidence

explained . (2nd ed.). London, England: Routledge.

Aw, T. (2009). Map of the invisible world. Toronto, Canada: McClelland & Stewart.

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Non-English Publications

• Give original title, and translate title into English with brackets

Sack, F. (2006). Das offene Haus: für eine neue Architektur

[Open house: towards a new]. Berlin, Germany: Jovis.

Ye, Q., Li, B., & Cheng, J. (2006). 20 世纪西方人生哲学 [The

western philosophy of life of 20th century]. Beijing, China:

Remin Chubanshe.

Hiraishi, N., & Kim, T. (2007). 知識人から考える公共性 [Publicness

from the perspective of intellectuals]. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo

University Press.

Journal Articles

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of journal, vol (issue), pp-pp.

• Retain the hyphen if the author’s first name is hyphenated

Hue, M.-T. (2009). Promotion of spiritual development:

exploration of the self and spiritualism through the practice of

Chinese calligraphy. Pastoral Care in Education, 27, 63-76.

• Include the issue no. if the journal is paginated by

issue

Bill, M., & Emmy, M. (2008). Writing tutors in the economics

classroom: A case study. The Canadian Journal of Higher

Education, 38(3), 21-36.

Publications by Multiple AuthorsNEW

• Up to 7 Authors: List all authors

Tiihonen, J., Lönnqvist, J., Wahlbeck, K., Klaukka, T., Niskanen, L.,

Tanskanen, A., & Haukka, J. (2009). 11-year follow-up of

mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a population-based

cohort study (FIN11 study). Lancet, 374, 620-627.

• More than 7 Authors1. List the first six authors2. Omit all subsequent authors except the last & replaced

with …3. List the last author

Seedat, S., Scott, K. M., Angermeyer, M. C., Berglund, P., Bromet, E.

J., Brugha, T. S., . . . Kessler, R. C. (2009). Cross-National

Associations between gender and mental disorders in the World

Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Archives of

General Psychiatry, 66, 785-795.

List the first 6 and the last author

An article with 21 authors

References of Electronic Resources• Use Digital Object Identifiers (DOI), when available, to

replace as persistent and reliable links to locate sources (for both print & electronic sources)

• If DOI unavailable, use home page URL of the source

• If the item cannot be easily retrieved from the source, use the full document URL (e.g. blog)

• Retrieval dates no longer required unless the source material may change over time (e.g. Wikis)

• Database information not required

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Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

• Unique identification of electronic publication• An alphanumeric string assigned by registration agency• Persistent link to its location on the Internet• Format: 10.xxxx/xxxx (e.g. 10.1080/02607470903220398)

• Links to the document by DOI resolver provided by the registration agency, e.g. CrossRef.org

DOI

DOI Resolver

Locate the electronic publication with DOI resolver

1. Crossref.org http://www.crossref.org

2. Append the doi string to http://dx.doi.org/

e.g. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02607470903220497

3. 中文 DOI http://www.chinadoi.cn/

Electronic Journal Articles• Journal article with DOI

Bore, A., & Wright, N. (2009). The wicked and complex in education:

developing a transdisciplinary perspective for policy formulation,

implementation and professional practice. Journal of Education for

Teaching, 35, 241-256. doi:10.1080/02607470903091286

• Journal article without DOI

Dresser, R. (2007). The effects of teacher inquiry in the bilingual

language arts classroom. Teacher Education Quarterly, 34(3), 53-66.

Retrieved from http://www.teqjournal.org/

• Advance online publication with DOI

Guerra, S. (2009). Colonizing bodies: Corporate power and

biotechnology in young adult science fiction. Journal Children‘s

Literature in Education . Advanced online publication.

doi:10.1007/s10583-009-9086-z

Dissertation or Theses, from a Commercial Database

• Include Name of Database, and Accession or Order No.

Ko, B. (2008). An examination of teaching practices of elementary

physical educators. (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest

Dissertations and Theses database. (Pub No. AAT 3332216)

Dissertation or Theses, from an Institutional database

• Include URL of the database source

Huang, J. (2009). Interactive integration: English language learning

strategies, styles and tasks in a school in Fujian. (Doctoral thesis,

Hong Kong University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from

http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/

Dissertation or Theses, from the web

• Include URL of the source

Xu, Z. (2008). Party controls in National Central University and Nanjing

University before and after 1949. (Master thesis, Lingnan University,

Hong Kong). Retrieved from

http://www.library.ln.edu.hk/ethesis/full/xu_081015.pdf

Unpublished Dissertation or Theses

Li, X. (2009). POMDP compression and decomposition via belief state

analysis. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Hong Kong Baptist

University, Hong Kong.

Meetings & Symposia

• Paper presentation or poster sessionSin, K. F. (2008, March). Education reform and teacher education for

inclusion in the Asian-Pacific region. Paper presented at the 1st East-

Asian Symposium on Teacher Education Research, Tokyo, Japan.

• Conference paper abstract retrieved onlineBeauchamp, C., & Thomas, L. (2006, November). Becoming a

professional: Developing teacher identity within programmes of

teacher education. Paper presented at the International Conference

on Teacher Education, Calgary, Canada. Abstract retrieved from

http://ucalgarymcgilledconf.mcgill.ca/abstracts/beauchamp_thomas.html

Newspaper Articles

Newspaper articleCheng, A. (2009, September 23). Education system fails those most in

need. South China Morning Post, p. EDT12.

Online newspaper article• To avoid nonworking URLS, give the home page URL

Andrew, E. L. (2009, April 19). U.S. May Convert Banks’ Bailouts to

Equity Share. The New York Times. Retrieved from

http://www.nytimes.com

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Reviews

Review of a Book• Include the author names after the book title

Fairbrother, G. P. (2009). [Review of the book Cultural exclusion in

China: State education, social mobility and cultural difference, by L.

Yi]. Comparative Education Review, 53, 453-455.

Review of a Video• Include the year of release after the title

Robinson, P. J. (2009). Improving outcomes for alcohol interventions:

Integrating motivational interviewing into assessment [Review of the

DVD Assessing Alcohol Problems Using Motivational Interviewing,

produced by the American Psychological Association, 2008].

PsycCRITIQUES, 54(4).

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Audiovisual Media• VideoMilchan A., & Reuther, S. (Producer). (1998). The client. [DVD].

• Music RecordingsMa, Y. Y. (2007). New impossibilities [CD]. New York, NY: Sony Classical.

• PodcastPassmore, S. (2009, September 8). Naked Cantonese [Audio podcast].

Retrieved from http://podcast.rthk.org.hk/podcast/item.php?pid=45

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Blogs, Newsgroups, Online Forums

Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of post. [Description of form]. Retrieved from URL

• Blog postMcAdoo, T. (2009, September 10). Use of first person in APA style [Web log

message]. Retrieved from

http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/09/use-of-first-person-in-apa-

style.html

• Video postWhitehouse. (2009, September 8). President Obama's Message for

America's Students [Video file]. Retrieved from

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ZZ6GrzWkw0

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Blogs, Newsgroups, Online Forums

Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of post. [Description of form]. Retrieved from URL

• Newsgroup post

Faruk. (2009, October 2). Brain development [Newsgroup message].

Retrieved from

http://groups.google.com/group/de.test/browse_thread/thread/8fff31276

ed86b36/9d962272cb18d615?q=childhood+development

• Online forum

Jenn. (2009, February 14). Re: Dyslexic Student and Memorizing his

Multiplication Facts [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from

http://ldonline.org/xarbb/topic/15298#89028

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Bibliographic Management Tools

RefWorksTools > Output Style Manager> Select APA 6th > Add to Favorites

Bibliographic Management Tools

EndNoteDownload & Install the APA 6th Style Update Packagehttp://www.endnote.com/support/enapa6instruct.asp

Bibliographic Management Tools

EndNote WebFormat > Bibliography > Customize this list> Select APA 6th > Copy to Favorites

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