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Handbook 13

Coastal Management

Wetland issues in Integrated Coastal Zone Management

This 2nd edition of the Ramsar handbooks replaces the seriespublished in January 2000.


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Acknowledgements

Principles and guidelines forincorporating wetland issues into Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)


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Table of ContentsAcknowledgementsForeword

Principles and guidelines for incorporating wetland issuesinto Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)

Appendices

Relevant Resolutions and Recommendations


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Foreword

Principles and Guidelines


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Principles and guidelines for incorporatingwetland issues into Integrated Coastal Zone

Management (ICZM)

(adopted as the Annex to Resolution VIII.4 by the 8 th Conferenceof the Contracting Parties, Valencia, Spain, 2002)

The purpose of these principles and guidelines

Principles and guidelines for incorporating wetland issues intoIntegrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)

Principles and guidelines

Additional guidance forthe implementation of the wise use conceptGuidelines for integrating wetland conservation and wise use into

river basin management Enhancing theconservation and wise use of intertidal wetlandsGuidelines for the allocation and management of water formaintaining the ecological functions of wetlands

New Guidelines for management planning for Ramsar sites andother wetlands Additional guidance foridentifying and designating under-represented wetland types asWetlands of International Importance



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Background and context


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[Start Box

Additional information

FAOs Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheriesand other related publications

What is the Code of Conduct for ResponsibleFisheries?


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Fisheries Management- 2. The ecosystem approach tofisheries

End box ]

Principles and guidelines for incorporating wetland

issues into ICZM


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A. Recognizing the role and significance of the RamsarConvention and wetlands in the coastal zone

Principle 1. The Ramsar Convention is the global

intergovernmental treaty that specifically addresses theconservation and wise use1 of coastal zone ecosystems.

Guideline No. 1 Ensuring the delivery of Contracting Partiescommitments under the Ramsar Convention through ICZM

Guidelines fordeveloping and implementing National Wetland Policies

Guidelines for internationalcooperation under the Ramsar Convention


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{See also Handbook 2}

Principle 2. The full incorporation of wetland conservation andwise use issues into ICZM is essential for a successfulsustainable coastal management process.

Guideline No. 2 Ensuring full incorporation by ContractingParties of wetland conservation and wise use issues into ICZM,as essential for a successful sustainable coastal management

process


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B. Ensuring full awareness of the values and functionsof wetlands in the coastal zone

Principle 3. Coastal wetlands have important values and functions

and provide multiple goods and services of high economicvalue.

The overall role of coastal wetlands in providing goods andservices, values and functions


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Guideline No. 3 Ensuring full recognition of the multiple goodsand services of high economic value provided by coastal

wetlands

Guiding Principles for taking into account thecultural aspects of wetlands for the effective management of sites

The role of coastal wetlands in coastal processes


Guideline No. 4 Ensuring the recognition by ContractingParties of the key role of wetlands in coastal processes


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The role of coastal wetlands in mitigating impacts of naturalhazards, pollution, and flooding

{See also Handbooks 4, 8, and 12}

Guideline No. 5 Ensuring the recognition by ContractingParties of the role of coastal wetlands in regulating water flows

and water quality


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The role of coastal wetlands in mitigation of, and adaptationto, impacts of climate change and sea-level rise



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Guideline No. 6 Ensuring the recognition by ContractingParties of the role of coastal wetlands in mitigating impacts of

climate change and sea-level rise

The role of coastal wetlands as important reservoirs of highspecies biological diversity, including migratory and non-migratory species and threatened species


Guideline No. 7 Ensuring the recognition by ContractingParties of the role of coastal wetlands for wetland-dependentmigratory and non-migratory species and threatened species


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C. Using mechanisms for securing the conservation andsustainable use of wetlands in the coastal zone

Principle 4. Mechanisms to resolve jurisdictional overlap in thecoastal zone must fully include the legal and institutionalframeworks for wetlands.


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Guideline No. 8 Resolution of issues related to the legal andinstitutional frameworks and jurisdictional overlap in the coastal

zone

Principle 5. Many stakeholders use coastal wetlands and mustparticipate fully in their management.


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Guideline No. 9 Ensuring stakeholder participation in theconservation and wise use of coastal wetlands

inter aliaGuidelines for establishing and strengthening local communities

and indigenous peoples participation in the management ofwetlands


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Principle 6. The designation and management of Wetlands ofInternational Importance in the coastal zone provides aglobal mechanism for the identification and recognition ofcritically important parts of coastal zone ecosystems, as the

basis for their sustainable management.

Criteria for Identifying Wetlands ofInternational Importance


Guideline No. 10 Ensuring the recognition of the role of Ramsarsites and their management in the ICZM process

StrategicFramework and guidelines for the future development of the List ofWetlands of International Importance


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New Guidelines for managementplanning for Ramsar sites and other wetlands

Principle 7. Coastal wetlands are highly vulnerable to degradationand loss, but although easily degraded their restoration iscostly and sometimes impossible.


Guideline No. 11 Ensuring that Contracting Parties considerissues related to the degradation, loss and restoration of coastal

wetlands


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D. Addressing the integration of the conservation andsustainable use of wetlands in broad-scale

integrated ecosystem management

Principle 8. ICZM should be linked with river basin/catchmentmanagement and oceans and fisheries management so as tosecure the conservation and sustainable use of coastalwetlands.


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{See also Handbooks 4 and 12}

Guideline No. 12 Ensuring the recognition by ContractingParties of the linkages between wetlands, ICZM, river

basin/catchment management, and oceans and fisheries

management


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Appendix 1

ICZM definitions, terms, and current approaches

What is Integrated Coastal Zone Management?

Definitions and terms in the coastal zone


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coastal zone

Coastal area

Coastal waters

Intertidal area (or zone)

Coastline

Shore lands


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General principles and practice of ICZM


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vertical

horizontal

systemic

functional

spatial

policy

science-management

planning

temporal


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European Strategy for ICZM


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Appendix 2

Rationale for the principles for incorporating wetlandissues into ICZM

Principle 1. The Ramsar Convention is the globalintergovernmental treaty that specifically addresses theconservation and wise use of coastal zone ecosystems.

Marine/Coastalwetlands

permanent shallow marine waters

marine subtidal aquatic beds

coral reefsrocky marine shores

sand, shingle or pebble shores

estuarine waters

intertidal mud, sand and salt flats

intertidal marshes

intertidal forested wetlands

coastal brackish/saline lagoons

coastal freshwater lagoons

marine/coastal karst and other subterranean hydrologicalsystems

Aquaculture ponds


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Salt exploitation sites




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Principle 2. The full incorporation of wetland conservation andwise use issues into ICZM is essential for a successfulsustainable coastal management process.


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Principle 3. Coastal wetlands have important values and functionsand provide multiple goods and services of high economicvalue.

The overall role of coastal wetlands in providing goods andservices, values and functions

Economic Valuation of Wetlands: AGuide for Policy Makers and Planners,


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The role of coastal wetlands in mitigation of, and adaptation

to, impacts of climate change and sea-level rise

The role of coastal wetlands as important reservoirs of highspecies biological diversity, including migratory and non-migratory species and threatened species


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Principle 4. Mechanisms to resolve jurisdictional overlap in thecoastal zone must fully include the legal and institutionalframeworks for wetlands.


Principle 5. Many stakeholders use coastal wetlands and mustparticipate fully in their management.


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Principle 6. The designation and management of Wetlands ofInternational Importance in the coastal zone provides a

global mechanism for the identification and recognition ofcritically important parts of coastal zone ecosystems, as thebasis for their sustainable management.

StrategicFramework and guidelines for the future development of the List ofWetlands of International Importance

Strategic Framework


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New Guidelines for management planning for Ramsar sitesand other wetlands


Principle 7. Coastal wetlands are highly vulnerable to degradationand loss, but although easily degraded their restoration iscostly and sometimes impossible.


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Principle 8. ICZM should be linked with river basin/catchmentmanagement and oceans and fisheries management so as tosecure the conservation and sustainable use of coastalwetlands.

Guidelines for integrating wetlandconservation and wise use into river basin management


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Relevant Resolutions and Recommendations

Resolution VIII.4

(adopted by the 8th

Conference of the Contracting Parties, Valencia,Spain, 2002)

Principles and guidelines for incorporatingwetland issues into Integrated Coastal Zone

Management (ICZM)


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Principles and guidelines for incorporating wetland

issues into Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)


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Strategic Framework and guidelines for

the future development of the List of Wetlands of InternationalImportance

inter alia


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Recommendation 6.7(adopted by the 6th Conference of the Contracting Parties, Brisbane,

Australia, 1996)

Conservation and wise use of coral reefs andassociated ecosystems


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Recommendation 6.8(adopted by the 6th Conference of the Contracting Parties, Brisbane,

Australia, 1996)

Strategic planning in coastal zones

inter alia


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Resolution VII.21(adopted by the 7th Conference of the Contracting Parties, San Jos, Costa

Rica, 1999)

Enhancing the conservation and wise use ofintertidal wetlands

calls on Contracting Partiesalong the East Asia flyway to designate additional wetlands for theRamsar List, and in particular to designate additional intertidalwetlands


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Resolution VIII.32(adopted by the 8th Conference of the Contracting Parties, Valencia,

Spain, 2002)

Conservation, integrated management, andsustainable use of mangrove ecosystems and

their resources

inter alia,

inter alia,


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Strategic Framework


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