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LHCf - an experiment for measuring the very forward production of neutral particles at the LHC W.C. Turner LBNL for the LHCf Collaboration Presented at the Aspen Workshop on Cosmic Rays 15-19 Apr 2007. The LHCf Participants. Nagoya University, Japan - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 1
LHCf
LHCf - an experiment for measuring the very forward
production of neutral particles at the LHC
W.C. Turner
LBNL
for
the LHCf Collaboration
Presented at the Aspen Workshop on Cosmic Rays
15-19 Apr 2007
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 2
LHCf
The LHCf Participants
Nagoya University, Japan
K. Fukui, Y. Itow, T. Mase, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, H. Matsumoto, H. Menjo,
T. Sako, K. Taki, H. Watanabe
Kanagawa University, Japan
T. Tamura
Konan University
Y. Muraki (Spokesperson),
Waseda University, Japan
K. Kasahara, Y. Shimizu, S. Torii
Shibaura Inst. of Tech., Japan
K. Yoshida
University of Florence, Italy
O. Adriani, L. Bonechi, M. Bongi, G. Castellini, R. D’Alessandro, P. Papini
University of Catina, Italy
A. Tricomi
Univerity of Valencia, Spain
A, Faus-Golffe, J. Valesco
CERN, Switzerland
D. Macina, A.-L. Perrot
Ecole-Polytechnique Palaiseau, France
M. Hauguenauer
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, USA
W.C. Turner
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 3
LHCf
Outline
• Motivation and History of LHCf
• The LHC Environment
• The LHCf Detectors
• Anticipated LHCf Performance
• SPS Beam Test and Monte Carlo Results
• Installation and Schedule
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 4
LHCf
Motivation and History
• Use 7+7 TeV pp collisions to benchmark neutral particle production cross sections at 1017eV laboratory equivalent energy– Useful for cosmic ray simulations, contribute to resolution of super
GZK and composition questions
• Previous experiment UA7 performed at SPPS 400 + 400 GeV, 1014 eV (E. Pare et al, Phys. Lett., B242 (1990))
• Present Experiment LOI submitted to LHCC in May 2004 and TDR approved in 2006
• Prototype detector tested at SPS H4 in 2004 and final detector in 2006
• First detector installed at IP1 in Jan 2007
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 5
LHCf The LHCf detectors are located +/-140m from IP1 in LHC
IP1, ATLAS, LHCf
IP5, CMS
IP2, ALICE IP8, LHCb
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 6
LHCf
Interaction region
• The TAN absorbs forward neutral collision products (mostly neutrons and photons) and is placed in front of the outer beam separation dipole D2 to protect superconducting magnets • LHCf exploits the opportunity to install detectors inside the TAN for measurement of very forward neutral particle production cross sections
TAN neutral particle absorber
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 7
LHCf
Exploded view of the TAN and transition beam tube
IP, +140m
Instrumentation slot (96mm x 60.7mm x 1000mm)
~ 5m
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 8
LHCf
• Measure 100 GeV - 7 TeV gammas and neutrons
• Detectors are located on both sides of IP1 (Arm#1 and Arm#2) for coincidence studies and redundancy
• Each Arm consists of two “tower” calorimeters for separately measuring the two gammas from 0 decay
- 44 radiation lengths of W plates interleaved with 16 scintillation panels (overall length 25cm)- Transverse cross sections 20mm x 20mm + 40mm x 40mm Arm#1 and 25mm x 25mm + 32mm x 32mm Arm#2
• Four position sensitive layers measure the transverse center of the showers
- Arm#1 SciFi (1mm x1 mm)- Arm#2 Si microstrip detectors(80m pitch)
The LHCf detectors are compact sampling and imaging calorimeters
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 9
LHCf
LHCf tower calorimeter illustrations
Arm#1 Arm#2
W plates
Scintillator
SciFi x-y layer Si microstrip x-y layer
25cm
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 10
LHCf
Arm#1 during assembly
Tower calorimeters
Light guides
32 PMTs + 8 MAPTs
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 11
LHCf Transverse projection of LHCfand beam pipe acceptance
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 12
LHCf
LHCf Arm#1 acceptance
“450 rad” <=> 140 rad xing angle“310 rad” <=> 0 rad xing angle
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 13
LHCf PMT + scintillator linearity ~+/- 2% over anticipated dynamic range
Dynamic range req’d: 1 mip (muon calibration of light collection efficiency)
to
7x104 mips (7 TeV gamma shower max)
“mips” simulated with Nitrogen Laser excitation of scintillator
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 14
LHCf
The LHCf team for 2006 SPS Beam Tests
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 15
LHCf
SPS H4 Setup
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 16
LHCf
Beam Energy(GeV) Measurements
Electron beam 50, 100, 150, Simulate photon showers, 200 measure energy resolution,
spatial resolution and shower leakage
Proton beam 150, 350 Simulate neutron showers
Muon beam 150 Obtain calibration for single mip, measure non-uniformity of light collection efficiency
SPS test beam 2004 results
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 17
LHCfLight efficiency correction measured
with a muon beam
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 18
LHCfShower leakage, energy
resolution, SPS data +MC
Fig. 7 MC simulation, include it?
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 19
LHCf MC simulation shows the shower leakage fraction is energy
independent
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 20
LHCf
Position resolution
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 21
LHCf
e-p/-n separation
LHCf = 44rad lengths, 2 hadron interaction lengths
L20-90 = discrimination parameter
= distance between 20% and 90% of longitudinal sum of shower particles
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 22
LHCf MC calculations of 0 mass and neutron energy resolutions
0 inv mass res ~ 5% Neutron energy res ~ 30%
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 23
LHCfArm#1 pre-installed Jan 07, Arm#1&2 final installation ~ Sep 07
IP1 140m away
TAN
LHCf Arm#1
Aspen Workshop on CRP, 15-19 Apr 2007
W.C. Turner – The LHCf Experiment 24
LHCf
Plans for future operation with LHC
• “450 x 450 GeV Engineering Run” ~Oct - Dec 2007(Could get delayed to 2008 owing to inner triplet problems! Will know in mid-
May.)
–Observe first pp collisions and background rates due to beam-gas, beam halo collisions etc
–Low event rates owing to reduced acceptance, single >10GeV ~20Hz 0 reconstruction below background
• “Stage 1” 7 TeV x 7 TeV beam commissioning ~Jun - Sep 2008
–Luminosity ~1029cm-2 s-1, inelastic collision rate ~ 8kHz
–43 x 43 bunches => 2sec bunch spacing matches max DAQ rate
–Single >100GeV rate ~ 800Hz
–Two 0 rate ~ 80Hz (106 events in 3.5 hrs)
–Two arm coincidence ~ 80Hz
–Neutrons >100GeV ~ 4kHz
–Remove LHCf when Luminosity > 1030cm-2 s-1 to avoid rad. damage