LHC Machine Upgrade Overall Frédérick Bordry

LHC Machine Upgrade OverallFrédérick Bordry Fourth Common ATLAS CMS ElectronicS Workshop for LHC upgrades ACES2014 – 18th March 2014

2LHC Machine Upgrade OverallFrédérick Bordry ACES2014 – 18th March 2014

- LS1 status

- Run 2 (from LS1 to LS2), LS2 and Run 3

- HL-LHC project (LS3) : 3000 fb-1

- LHC Roadmap up 2035

- LS1 status

- Run 2 (from LS1 to LS2), LS2 and Run 3

- HL-LHC project (LS3) : 3000 fb-1

- LHC Roadmap up 2035

Outline

2


LS1 starts as the shutdown to repair the magnet interconnects to allow nominal current in the dipole and lattice quadrupole circuits of the LHC.

It has now become a major shutdown which, in addition, includes other repairs, maintenance, consolidation, upgrades and cabling across the whole accelerator complex and the associated experimental facilities.

All this in the shadow of the repair of the magnet interconnects.

Long Shutdown 1


PhysicsBeam commissioning

ShutdownPowering tests

F M A M J J A S O N D J F J FM A M J J A S O N D

2013 2014 2015

M A

LHC

SPS

PS

PS Booster

beam to beam

available for works

16th Feb. 18th March

LS 1 from 16th Feb. 2013 to Dec. 2014


3

Done Done

3000

98 % done 85 % doneOpening:100% 75 % done

90 % done65 % done

100 % done 90 % done

80 % done

Closure: 50%

100 % done



RB splice R-8 (µΩ) RQ splice R-8 (µΩ)

QBBI.B24R7-M3-Ext-R 77.5 QQBI.20L8-M1-Ext-L 116QQBI.9R4-M3-Ext-L 52.6 QBQI.27R1-M1-Int-L 54.8

QQBI.22L8-M3-Ext-L 52.6 QBBI.B18R2-M1-Int-L 52.5

QBBI.A14L8-M3-Int-R 49.9 QBBI.B25L8-M1-Int-R 51.4

QQBI.16R8-M3-Int-R 47.4 QBBI.B31R1-M1-Int-L 45.9

QQBI.22R7-M3-Int-L 43.3 QQBI.20L4-M2-Int-L 45.6

QQBI.19L1-M3 Ext-L 41.8 QQBI.30L8-M1-Int-L 44.5

QBQI.32R7-M3-Int-L 41.6 QBBI.B17L5-M2-Int-L 44.2

QBQI.31R6-M3-Ext-L 40.6 QEBI.11L1-M1-Ext-L 43.7

QDQI.7R3-M3-Ext-L 39.2 QQBI.15R3-M1-Int-L 42.8

Sector Max R-8excess RB (µΩ) Max R-8excess RQ (µΩ)

56 28.6 21.167 35.0 32.478 71.9 10781 41.8 34.412 29.6 45.523 27.8 43.234 33.6 36.345 48.3 34.9

Highest R-8excess resistance values of RB and RQ splices per sector.

Top ten R-8 outliers

Courtesy of C. Scheuerlein

Excess resistance distribution sorted descending by resistance values. The two highest R-8 excess values of 106 µΩ and 72 µΩ are not shown.

-505

101520253035404550

0 5000 10000 15000 20000

R-8 ex

cess

(μΩ

)

acceptance threshold = 5 µΩ


Superconducting Magnets And Circuits Consolidation Dashboards

3 weeks


Before After

18 kV & 3.3 kV circuit breakersVacuum UPS-RE82

Pumping station

Cryo plant P7 enclosure

ACS transport

The other activities

Courtesy of Katy Foraz

Helium spill test


LS1: LHC schedule

Courtesy of Katy Foraz

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Electrical Maintenance - No accessElectrical Maintenance - No access

Electrical Maintenance - No access







Acc.

PAD_MADPAD_MAD

PAD_MAD

PAD_MAD PAD_MADPAD_MAD PAD_MAD

PAD_MAD

PAD_MAD PAD_MAD

PAD_MAD

PAD_MADPAD_MAD

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PAD_MAD PAD_MAD

Acc.

PAD_MAD

PAD_MAD

PAD_MAD

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PAD_MAD

PAD_MAD

PAD_MAD

Prepared by Checked by Approved by

M. BarberanM. BernardiniJ. CoupardK. Foraz

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13 TeV operation


http://cern.ch/ls1dashboard

LHC injectors getting ready for hardware testsLHC: all signals are green for beam on January 2015LS 1


LS1 statusLHC injectors getting ready for hardware tests

LHC: all signals are green for beam on January 2015

Yogi Berra


Run 2 Run 3

Run 4

LS 2

LS 3

LS 4 LS 5Run 5

LS2 starting in 2018 (July) => 18 months + 3 months BC LS3 LHC: starting in 2023

LHC schedule: Run2 and Run 3

Beam commissioning

Technical stop

Shutdown

Physics

LHCb b b b b b b b b b b b b o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b b b b b b b o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Injectorso o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b b b b b b b o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

t

LHCo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b b b b b b b o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Injectorso o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b b b b b b b o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

LHCb b b b b b b b b b b b o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b b b b b b b o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Injectorsb b b b b b b b b b b b o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b b b b b b b o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Q4 Q1 Q2

2020 2021Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q3 Q4

2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034

Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2Q3 Q4

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q32035

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q4Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

Run 2 Run 3

Run 4

LS 2

LS 3

LS 4 LS 5Run 5

(Extended) Year End Technical Stop: (E)YETS

EYETSYETS YETS YETS

YETS

YETS

300 fb-1

30 fb-1


Expectations after Long Shutdown 1 (2015)

• Collisions at least at 13 TeV c.m.• 25 ns bunch spacing

Using new injector beam production scheme (BCMS), resulting in brighter beams.

Number of

bunches

Intensity per bunch

Transverse emittance

Peak luminosity

Pile up

Int. yearlyluminosity

25 ns BCMS 2508 1.15 × 1011 1.9 µm 1.6×1034 cm-2s-1 ~43 ~42 fb-1

• β* ≤ 0.5m (was 0.6 m in 2012)• Other conditions:

– Similar turn around time– Similar machine availability

• Expected maximum luminosity: 1.6 x 1034 cm-2 s-1 ± 20%– Limited by inner triplet heat load limit, due to collisions debris

Courtesy of the LIU-PS project team

Batch Compression and Merging and splitting (BCMS)


Number of

bunches

IbLHC

[1e11]

Collimator

scenario

EmitLHC

(SPS)[um]

Peak Lumi[cm-2s-1]

~Pile-up

Int. Lumi[fb-1]

25 ns 2760 1.15 S13.5

(2.8) 9.2e33 21 24

25 nslow emit

2508 1.15 S41.9

(1.4) 1.6e34 43 42

50 ns 1380 1.6 S1 2.3 (1.7)

1.7e34levelling0.9e34

76levelling

40 ~45*

50 nslow emit 1260 1.6 S4

1.6 (1.2) 2.2e34 108 …

• 6.5 TeV• 1.1 ns bunch length• 150 days proton physics, HF = 0.2

All numbers approximate

* different operational model – caveat - unproven

Courtesy Mike Lamont

Potential performance


LINAC4 – PS Booster:– H- injection and increase of PSB injection energy from 50 MeV to 160 MeV, to

increase PSB space charge threshold– New RF cavity system, new main power converters– Increase of extraction energy from 1.4 GeV to 2 GeV

These are only the main modifications and this list is far from exhaustive

Project leadership: R. Garoby and M. Meddahi

LS2 : (2018), LHC Injector Upgrades (LIU)

SPS− Electron Cloud mitigation – strong feedback system, or coating of the vacuum system− Impedance reduction, improved feedbacks− Large-scale modification to the main RF system

PS:− Increase of injection energy from 1.4 GeV to 2 GeV to increase PS

space charge threshold− Transverse resonance compensation− New RF Longitudinal feedback system − New RF beam manipulation scheme to increase beam brightness


Run 2 Run 3

Run 4

LS 2

LS 3

LS 4 LS 5Run 5

LS2 starting in 2018 (July) => 18 months + 3 months BC LS3 LHC: starting in 2023 => 30 months + 3 months BC

Injectors: in 2024 => 13 months + 3 months BC

LHC schedule: Run2 and Run 3

Beam commissioning

Technical stop

Shutdown

Physics



t





2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Q4 Q1 Q2

2020 2021Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q3 Q4

2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028


Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034

Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2Q3 Q4

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q32035


Run 2 Run 3

Run 4

LS 2

LS 3

LS 4 LS 5Run 5


EYETSYETS YETS YETS

YETS

YETS

300 fb-1

30 fb-1

LS3 : HL-LHC installation

LHC schedule: LS3


Why High-Luminosity LHC ? (LS3)

By continuous performance improvement and consolidation

By implementing HL-LHC

Almost a factor 3

Goal of HL-LHC project:• 250 – 300 fb-1 per year• 3000 fb-1 in about 10 years


c) Europe’s top priority should be the exploitation of the full potential of the LHC, including the high-luminosity upgrade of the machine and detectors with a

view to collecting ten times more data than in the initial design, by around 2030. This upgrade programme will also provide further exciting opportunities for the study of flavour physics and the quark-gluon plasma.

HL-LHC from a study to a PROJECT300 fb-1 → 3000 fb-1

including LHC injectors upgrade LIU (Linac 4, Booster 2GeV, PS and SPS upgrade)

The European Strategy for Particle Physics Update 2013


tod

ay

“…exploitation of the full potential of the LHC, including the high-luminosity upgrade of the machine and detectors…”

=> High Luminosity LHC project

ProjectKick-off meeting: 11th Nov. 2013

(Daresbury)

http://cern.ch/hilumilhc

http://cern.ch/hilumilhc


The HL-LHC Project

• New IR-quads Nb3Sn (inner triplets)

• New 11 T Nb3Sn (short) dipoles

• Collimation upgrade• Cryogenics upgrade• Crab Cavities• Cold powering• Machine protection• …

Major intervention on more than 1.2 km of the LHC Project leadership: L. Rossi and O. Brüning


Squeezing the beams: High Field SC Magnets

Courtesy Lucio Rossi

Quads for the inner triplet Decision 2012 for low-β quadsAperture 150 mm – 140 T/m (Bpeak ≈12.3 T)

(LHC: 8 T, 70 mm )

- Dipoles 11 T for LS2

More focus strength, * as low as 15 cm (55 cm in LHC)thanks to ATS (Achromatic Telescopic Squeeze) opticsIn some scheme even * down to 7.5 cm are considered

- Dipoles for beam recombination/separation capable of 6-8 T with 150-180 mm aperture (LHC: 1.8 T, 70 mm)


Target:200 T/m gradient at 1.9 K

LQS01a: 202 T/m at 1.9 KLQS01b: 222 T/m at 4.6 K 227 T/m at 1.9 K

LQS02: 198 T/m at 4.6 K 150 A/s 208 T/m at 1.9 K 150 A/s limited by one coil

LQS03: 208 T/m at 4.6 K 210 T/m at 1.9 K1st quench: 86% s.s. limit

3.3 m coils90 mm aperture

LQS of LARPCourtesy: G. Ambrosio FNALand G. Sabbi , LBNL


A GLOBAL PROJECT

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180distance to IP (m)

Q1 Q3Q2a Q2b D1

Q1-3: 140 T/mMCBX: 2.2 T 2.5/4.5 T mD1: 5.6 T 35 T mD2: 3.5 T 35 T mQ4: 120 T/m D2 Q4

Baseline layout of HL-LHC IR region

Setting up International collaboration

but also involving industrial firms with national laboratories

http://www.iconarchive.com/show/flag-icons-by-gosquared/United-States-icon.html

http://www.iconarchive.com/show/flag-icons-by-gosquared/United-Kingdom-icon.html


Crab Cavities, Increase “Head on”

Aim: reduce the effect of the crossing angle

DQWR prototype17-Jan-2013

RF-Dipole Nb prototype

Without crabbing Without crabbing

• 3 proto types available• Cavity tests are on-going• Test with beam in SPS foreseen in

2015-2016• Beam test in LHC foreseen in 2017

New crossing strategy under study to soften the pile-up density: some new schemas have interesting potential as “crab-kissing”, to be discussed with all experiments


R2E: Removal of Power Converter (200kA-5 kV SC cable, 100 m height)

Φ = 62 mm

7 × 14 kA, 7 × 3 kA and 8 × 0.6 kA cables – Itot120 kA @ 30 K

MgB2

(or other HTS)

Also DFBs (current lead boxes) removed to surface Final solution to R2E problem – in some pointsMake room for shielding un-movable electronicsMake the maintenance and application of ALARA principle much easier and effective


Luminosity Levelling, a key to success

• High peak luminosity• Minimize pile-up in

experiments and provide “constant” luminosity

• Obtain about 3 - 4 fb-1/day (40% stable beams)

• About 250 to 300 fb-1/year


25 ns 50 ns

# Bunches 2808 1404

p/bunch [1011] 2.0 (1.01 A) 3.3 (0.83 A)

eL [eV.s] 2.5 2.5

sz [cm] 7.5 7.5

sdp/p [10-3] 0.1 0.1

gex,y [mm] 2.5 3.0

b* [cm] (baseline) 15 15

X-angle [mrad] 590 (12.5 s) 590 (11.4 s)

Loss factor 0.30 0.33

Peak lumi [1034] 6.0 7.4

Virtual lumi [1034] 20.0 22.7

Tleveling [h] @ 5E34 7.8 6.8

#Pile up @5E34 123 247

25 ns is the option However:50 ns should be kept as alive and possible because we DO NOT have enough experience on the actual limit (e-clouds, Ibeam)

Baseline parameters of HL for reaching 250 -300 fb-1/year

Courtesy Oliver Brüning

Continuous global optimisation with LIU


Run 2 Run 3

Run 4

LS 2

LS 3

LS 4 LS 5Run 5

LHC schedule approved by CERN management and LHC experiments spokespersons and technical coordinators (December 2013)

LS2 starting in 2018 (July) => 18 months + 3 months BC LS3 LHC: starting in 2023 => 30 months + 3 months BC

Injectors: in 2024 => 13 months + 3 months BC

LHC roadmap: schedule beyond LS1

Beam commissioning

Technical stop

Shutdown

Physics



t





2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Q4 Q1 Q2

2020 2021Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q3 Q4

2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028


Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034

Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2Q3 Q4

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q32035


Run 2 Run 3

Run 4

LS 2

LS 3

LS 4 LS 5Run 5


EYETSYETS YETS YETS

YETS

YETS

300 fb-1

3’000 fb-1

30 fb-1

Documents

LHC Machine Upgrade Overall Frédérick Bordry