LGK MIT 2004 Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (STE) over Easter Island (27ºS,109ºW, 41 m.a.s.l.)...
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LGK MIT 2004 Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (STE) over Easter Island (27ºS,109ºW, 41 m.a.s.l.) and Cerro Tololo (30ºS,70ºW, 2200 m.a.s.l.): preliminary analysis of an intensive sounding campaign Laura Gallardo Klenner Centro de Modelamiento Matemático Universidad de Chile (UMR- CNRS 2071) [email protected]Melitta Fiebig, CEAZA/ULS Ana María Córdova, CEAZA Juan Quintana, DMC FONDECYT 1030809
LGK MIT 2004 Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (STE) over Easter Island (27ºS,109ºW, 41 m.a.s.l.) and Cerro Tololo (30ºS,70ºW, 2200 m.a.s.l.): preliminary
LGK MIT 2004 Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (STE) over
Easter Island (27S,109W, 41 m.a.s.l.) and Cerro Tololo (30S,70W,
2200 m.a.s.l.): preliminary analysis of an intensive sounding
campaign Laura Gallardo Klenner Centro de Modelamiento Matemtico
Universidad de Chile (UMR-CNRS 2071) [email protected] Melitta
Fiebig, CEAZA/ULS Ana Mara Crdova, CEAZA Juan Quintana, DMC
FONDECYT 1030809
Slide 2
LGK MIT 2004 Outline What is (are) this(these) project(s)
about? The problem(s) to be addressed Approach(es) Test campaign
Nov 2003 Data and synoptical conditions Perspectives and future
work
Slide 3
LGK MIT 2004
Slide 4
Rapanui/Easter Island Available Data Instrument: (ECC, standard
WMO-GAW) 81 c/o Chilean Met Office since 1996, majority 1996 &
1997 75 c/o NASA from 1995 until 1997 (WODC) 10 during Nov 8-13
2003 campaign
Slide 5
LGK MIT 2004 Ozone Soundings Rapanui Spring maximum UTLS
Slide 6
LGK MIT 2004 Spring Maximum
Slide 7
LGK MIT 2004 ++ Reasons for a spring maximum in O3. Biomass
burning? STJ? Orographic forcing? Subsidence
Slide 8
LGK MIT 2004 STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE PROCESSES AND
THEIR IMPACT ON THE OZONE BALANCE IN THE SUBTROPICS OF THE SOUTHERN
HEMISPHERE: A MULTI-SCALE INTEGRATED STUDY BASED AT CERRO TOLOLO
(30S, 70W, 2200 M.A.S.L) FONDECYT 1030809 (2003-2006) /FONDECYT-INT
7030071 (2003)
Slide 9
LGK MIT 2004 Which are the mechanisms that explain the spring
ozone maximum observed in the southern subtropics...Tololo and
Pascua? a)Stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE)? b)Biomass
burning in the tropics? c)All above When is there STE? And then,
which is the relative importance of advection, subsidence and
turbulent mixing? Are these phenomena well represented in models?
FONDECYT (1030809) 2003-2006 Questions
Slide 10
LGK MIT 2004 Accomplished so far Ozone data collected at
Rapanui and Tololo are being or have been analyzed A CTM model is
being used to simulate the dispersion of an ozone like tracer,
assuming a Dirichlet BC The same dispersion model is used to
simulate the fate of SOx emitted from the Lscar volcano.insights in
the UTLS circulation (Ekman et al connection) A meso-scale model is
simulating the circulation in the Elqui valley A test campaign has
been performed Logistics? Instruments? Forecast? Training Design of
next campaign
Slide 11
LGK MIT 2004 People: Ana Mara Crdova, Juan Quintana, Alonso
Gaete et al.
Slide 12
LGK MIT 2004 Tololo Nov 2003 People: Melitta Fiebig, Clotilde
Pizarro, Alejandra Olave, Edwin Medina, Luis Valle Laura Gallardo,
Alvaro Amigo, Alvaro Valdebenito, Milenko Obilinovic Ricardo
Alcafuz, Jos NNez Patricio Serrano, Julio Coloma Standard
soundings, using 1200 g, 350 g and 100 g balloons, up to 28 km
Installation of a PM10 instrument (7Be)
Slide 13
LGK MIT 2004 And weather forecast
Slide 14
LGK MIT 2004 Synoptic conditions, 500 hPa analyses Day 08Day 10
Day 12 Day 09 Day 11 Day 13
Anticyclonic-Cyclonic(Trough)-Anticyclonic
Slide 15
LGK MIT 2004 D 08D 10 D 12 D 09 D 11D13 Synoptic conditions,
STJ (m/s), 250 hPa
Slide 16
LGK MIT 2004 Evidence for STE? O 3 changes in the UTLS over
Rapanui in connection with STJ a trough? Photochemistry? O 3
changes at Tololo?
Slide 17
LGK MIT 2004 9/11 ??!
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LGK MIT 2004 10/11
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LGK MIT 2004 11/11
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LGK MIT 2004 12/11
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LGK MIT 2004 9/11 While at TOLOLO...
Slide 22
LGK MIT 2004 Synoptic conditions, PV
Slide 23
LGK MIT 2004 Cut-off low and deep trough induce STE and O3
intrusions at Tololo Rondanelli et al, 2002
Slide 24
LGK MIT 2004 Simulating an ozone like tracerregional/mesoscales
+BC (Dirichlet/Neumann) +IC Photolysis and deposition +Estimating
the influx?
Slide 25
LGK MIT 2004
Slide 26
November 2004...10 days, one sounding per day
Slide 27
LGK MIT 2004 Rapanui A unique record of ozone soundings is
available from Easter Island since 1995 under GAW/Chilean Weather
Office The data show not much variability...no significant temporal
trends...but there is some interannual variability (ENSO like)
Ocassionally, deep troughs induce STEand the STJ seems to play a
role too
Slide 28
LGK MIT 2004 Tololo A nearly continous surface O3 record is
available under GAW/Chilean Weather Office The data is
representative of background conditions There is a marked spring
maximum possibly linked to STJbut biomass burning cannot be ruled
out The diurnal cycle is week (5 ppbv) and driven by up/down slope
local circulation Ocassionally, deep troughs induce significant
STE
Slide 29
LGK MIT 2004 Evidence for STE? O 3 changes in the UTLS over
Rapanui in connection with STJ a trough?...Nop, but a good chance
to test Dirichlet BC and check the model set up
Photochemistry?...Not obvious in the UTLS above Rapanuilower
campaign cost O 3 changes at Tololo?...Yepa deep trough and an O3
intrusion
Slide 30
LGK MIT 2004 Future/Ongoing work Climatology and
characterization using proxies (e.g., PV, H2O, 7Be)
Regional/mesoscale simulation of the test- campaign period
Dirichlet/Neumann Source estimate (Inverse modeling) 10 days
campaign at Tololo including O3 soundings and COplus forecast and
simulation
Slide 31
LGK MIT 2004 Subplinian Eruption April 19-20 1993 Ca. 0.2 TgS
Cuasi permanent fumarolic activity 13 kg/s Lscar (23.3S, 67.7W,
5590 m.a.s.l.) : One of the ca. 100 active volcanoes along the
Andes and one of the 3 whose emissions have been estimated
Slide 32
LGK MIT 2004 Amigo et al, 2004
Slide 33
LGK MIT 2004 www.igaconference2004.co.nz Megacities STE
Aerosols... Welcome!