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ADDRESS* OF HON. JOHN 8. PRESTON, Commissioner from South Carolina to the Virginia Convention, l''eb. 9, 1861. Mb PltKfllDEKT AND GkKTLKMIlN or Til* CoNvfesTiox: I have the honor to present to you my credentials its Commissioner from th« Oov«r»ment of South Carolina to the "Jouvention K' V of the people of Virginia. On these credentiuls being duly received by you, I am instructed by my Government to lay before you the causes which induced ihe. state of South Caro» linn to withdraw from the United Mates, and resume the powers heretofore delegated by her to the Federal Government of the United State* of America. In performing this duty. I to aanotmee to yon that it is rrorpsrrr of my purpose, nor is it the wish of mj Ooveroment, that I should moke on argument before you irr proof at the right of secession. My Government haa assumed that ri^ht in her sovereign capacity, and my ministry here is to recite the causes winch slic has deemed sufficient to enforce upon her the necessity of exercising that right* » * * I will therefore proceed to state the more prominent mid immediate causes which have induced South Carolina to >l>mir>t« «««_ p, vvu*eut to tlie Constitution of the United States. As preliminary to this statement, I would *; say that, as early as tl«e year 1820, the oiani fest tendency of the General Government was to restrict the territorial expansion of the slaveliolding States. That is very evident in nil the coutcsts ol that period ; and had they been successful to the extent that some hoped, ir even then, the line that cut off the purchases from France might have been projected Eastward to the bottom of the Chesapeak, nnd «ept Virginia and half of Tennessee and all of Ken l»«l* TT \* ilintn!* .I- 1 * * «wvbj| * |mupci, aiwr sua ilia glTCO to non slavery her North-western empire, to the non-slavery section. That might be the line. The policy, however, baa been pushed ao far its to deprive this Southern section of that line of at least seven-tenths of the acquisitiona of the Government. Besides this, I would atate, as preliminary, that a large portion of the revenue of the Government of the United States has always been drawn from dutiea on imports. Now, the products that have been necessary to purchase these imports, were at one time almost exclusively, and have alwaya mainly been, the result of slave labor, and therefore the burden of the revenue dutiea upon imports purchased by these exporta mutt fail upon the producer, who happena also to b« the consumer of the imports. In addition to this, it may be stated at a very early period of the existence of this Government the Northern people, from a variety of cause?, entered upon the industries of roana- jiuiure iuu ui commerce, out ol agriculture scarcely to the extent of self pupport. This may have ariten front a variety of cauaea; among them, perhaps, an uucoogenial climate, a barren soil, but a sea coast adapted to commerce, besides an inherent tendency upon the part of the people of these latitudes to the arts of manucraft and traffic. Aod while, therefore, it was important that all the aourecs of the revenue ahould be kept up to meet the increasing expenses of the Government, it also manifestly became of great importance that theee articles of manufacture in which they have been encraffed almnlil h« o o . »-Jwvv "MD purchase of their confederates. They there* force, invented a system of duties partial and discriminating, by which the whole harden of the revenue fell upon thore who produced the articles of export which purchased the articles of import; and which articles of import were consumed mainly, or to a great extent* by those who produced the exports. The State of South Carolina being nt the time obe of the largest exporters aod consumers of iiriporta, was so oppressed by the operations of this system upon her, that she was driven to the necessity of interposing her sovereign reservation to arreat it. BO fur MB alio «« iirtnrtarnaJ TUS. position, together with tb« rapid spread of the principle of free trade all over the world, did an est the iniquity in the shape in which it waa then presented. It coald do lunger be the avowed policy of the Gevernmeut to tax one section for the purpose of bnilding up another. Bat 6o successful had been the syrtem; to each an extent had it already, in a few y*arv, been pushed ; so vaat had been its accumulations of capital; so vastly had it been diffused throughout its ramification^ aa seemingly to interweave the industries of the sections almost in* to the life of each Other. As mechanics manufacturers, shippers, merchant*, bankers and in all the intermediary pursuit*, the Northrp peo- pie seemed to have become almost oecnury to the inaintainance of the industry of tbe8oaib> Id tlieee relation* they had crept iat* «rtry crevice of an,affluent and Ioomeconomy, and made themselves so convenient to it> "that we begati to think them vital to it; and they grew eo great and waxed to strong,-a* (bay fed and fsttened-on this sweating giant of the Boqib, that, with the insolence natural to sudden and bloated power, they began to darm that the laboring mon&ter was ereatad for their tribntery. They have drawn fr6tn us subsidies wbieli might have glutted the avariea of a Roluso Proocosol, which, fa oosqnartsr *f a.eectory have huitded Up powerful eititt, fivslisg in wealth the riehest marti of lb* -Old World, and burdening every sea with'thair eommaro*. uu which nave covered tbtttfHUiU aoH With pailaee* add tailing (irdtM. And-jrt, aooraolooa u it may appear, it WtUHiardftU* literally true, that white tb«y war#-1fciie<giith* eKog all thalr wealth and paWr ftM tkta 1 sonree, »Up by atep, laCuteum imteff, wtfb uggrtgafcioti; there waa gdttog ap« determined 'ptirpoM to tfcm mftifc' oT tfcofr p** ^^'l^ndear.'.I pretrad oot to tapWijk H; me tfjW wbtefc it ia my Up i* lay W«*re WtT* o«*rly thirty y«r* the people pt ^on alaveholdiag 6U^t^Jp4ff* aaailtd tfce ioaUtntioi'if'/ifrUai (iMMM ^riy,#tb^&)a»ri|^, i>,# lfc# w*'^. gn»«»nUWP, inUtxleation Of U» wOaeyfc ,, frfyieljm. <«r*^juHig *i.i! r* f|y MflMMdwEi<M HWig +*&&.fMftK <*#«; « "*%«*. «t h<la ', * i i.'v£iii<4 <*t*fir.i>Z' ^ »W|> iff *»r., h«twe<n «l»Tery ai>4 anUrt«V«rj. ThU ii lti« solemn decree, UmM|ferHa eonctit«t«d (Hot, kAA^JN nL'a* 'inMiiilAhA Dierc« nf tlie Republic. Additj*>c>ft!-flBilJjp$i p/ w i>opl<>( nicking ni»juHtic» io »ll n*ny of the States by ligliUUre action, have, d«elir«d thai the institution of »l»»«ry, it exist* in the Southern Slate*, is an offence to God, and the fore (bey are bound, by the moat acred duty of man, to exterminate that institution. They have declared and acted upon the declaration that the existence of slavery in the Southern States ia an offence and a danger to the social institutions of tb* Northern States, and therefore they are bound, by the instinct of moral right and of »«lf-preservation, to exterminate slavery. Impelled by these saered duties to God and tl»cir consciences, and by the scarcely l«w binding impulses of self-protection.after year* of earnest labor and devotion to the purpose they are succeeded, by large majorities In all the non-slaveholding State*, in plaaing the entire Executive power of the Federal Government in the band* of those who are pledged by their obiigation% to God.by their obligations to the social institutions of man.by their obligations of self preservation.to place the institution of slavery in a sou me of certain and final extinction. That is, twenty mil lions of people, holding one of the strongest Governments on earth, are impelled by a perfect recognition of the most sacred and power ful obligations which fall upon man. to exterminate tbs vital interests of eight millions of people, bound to them by contiguity of territory and tbe closest political relation. In other word*, the decree inaugurated on the 6th of November, was the annihilation of the people of the Southern State*. Now, gentlr men, the people of Sooth Carolina, being a portion of those who come within the ban of this decree, had only to ask themselves.is existence worth a struggle t Their answer is given in the ordinance I have had the hopor to submit to you. I nr+ Wfer* m* vim nnil loarn<»rt m»n vrlm have observed aud sounded (he uajn of human life in all its records, and many who have been chief actors in some of ita greatest scenes. I ask them if, io all (he love of human society, they find a case parallel to thiat South Carolina haa 300,000 whites, and 400,000 slaves. The whites depend *n their slaves for their order of civilization and their exiatauce. 20,000,000 of people, with a powerfully organized Governmenl, aud impelled by the most sacred duties, decree that thi» slavery mnst be exterminated. I ask yon, Virginiana, ia right. ia justice, ia existence worth a struggle f » * Now, gentlemen. notwithstanding theae facta I haTe endeavored to group before you, notwithstanding thia labor, this long Buffering, thia patience I hare endeavored to ahow you she has practiced, throughout this whole land, ovpr all Christendom, fry State has been accused of "rash precipitancy." Ia it rash precipitancy to atep out of the pathway when you bear the thunder-crash of the falling avalanche? Ia it raah preceipitancy to seek for ahelter, when you bear the hissing of the coming tempest, and see the storm cloud tlose down upon yon f Is it rash precipitancy to raiae jour bands to protect your heart! I venture to aaeert that never, aiitee liberty came into the inatitationv of man, have a people borne with more patience, or forborne with mora fortitude, than htre the people of the«e Southern States, in their relations with their confederates. A« long as it was merely silly fanaticism or prurient philanthropy whieh proposed our deatruotioo, we did nothing, scarce, ly complained. Even when partial and moot oppressive taxations, continued for years, ground us into the dust of poverty, sure for a tnomsnt of convulsive struggle, we bore it patiently; even when many of onr confederates, by State and municipal regulations viola ted provisions of our compact vital, to us, hor deei6f their peaple, under the sanction of these regulations robbed our property and rourd-r«d our citizens ; even when, uuder the same sanction, bands Of wild fanatics invaded slave States sod prolaimed the destruction of iliftrj, bj the annihilation of the ilifdMlder, and States end cities erected shrines to the memory of the felons; when one eon federate demanded that we most be driven from the civilisation of the age ia which we live, acd another sent he chief Representative to defame ns before the civilised world.beneath all these enormities we continued to give our blood our gold and oar iwtst, to build up the grandeur end maintain the power of the Republic ; and when there via added to this, all that baffled avarice, malignant fanaticism. and moral iurpitnde ooald devise, to- vilify, wrong and lfniaie aa, we tun gate ear blood and treasure and offered oar hand*. and called the brethren, 1 draw, do fancy piatnre, 1 oae no de* clatoa to ry aaa*ftioo. There ia not a man in ihia Convention who may not oite twapty oMta to meet every item of thia catalogue. But whan at laet thh fianaicitiain ana eager haate for rapine.mingling their foal ptirpoete, engendered theae fm.nting mllHona haw Mixed tbeConatitatioa And diettirbad iU most a^red form into aa Jeetramopt. for eor.ruin, why thco, longer Bubmiwioci Memed lo ui not only base cowardice, bat absolute futurty. '* South Carotid* «afelt tbiat, to remain one hour underaoeb a donniiattaa, wa irotiMtatrH tha destruction earttfcd by follyeijd W a«M; wk feel vb*t if there vat- oak aoD of a Carolina «re» who Would eaont# aw* aabmi* not a bilt iUe or a plain, from Eataw to tia powpeae, from which die spirit of Me offended aire woold not Waft1oitb to ebemahiaaiWm the land ha deaxnttad. We didt»<*«Bdalr enoogfc in thofc MtUa State to fire bra*tfc to «ow«eVMM*»W<*ft'>t firm earth oaaaffa t*«re tor «M.«ittfc oooae«llo* to m'Msf - J& a jj^Ufarito a# Virginia, to pprdeo p»e W r*fcrriag wito mm mrtwolaritr 'ftHfca poaitiota «ffffe titote In aarttototiao with ibcii iaadf l^a. Iceao* aftdft^ mwAfrrelerfd. l aa^a ai «fca 0 ii waiMH|r^/> m n p»»|| i^««rWi»ly J «***»** » 1*4, xsmaEssmcxsz ***&%*&* ffijjjfclfrtU *J *> * £ of pwk^^9,, m if foot ibo f«ry eM Wm of on* ft., .»tM. ywtrto noi lb* b^rd»n. *f thai lulu W iritfc froA »ix-teen to rixty who can walk or stand. who ! not anned, standing ready to resist to the death. » W» ore very small.rcry weak.but if that flre*torai w ith hieh we are threatened should fat! upon us and consume «u>, hereafter the pilgrim uf liberty, perhaps from thi« Slate, who m4y be searoliing brneath the ruins of Charleston, will find lh| skeleton of ocr sentinel itinding at our ki gate. Believe it net, sir, that in taking this pocrtion, we have been forgetful of the pant, or reckless of the future. Jfo, sir! it is.the great past, and our sacred obligation# to the future, whieb have served a* to the act. It was the splendor of the past which daisied our eyes, until the sabstance of liberty bad almost slipped from our grasp. For years and years we paused as we held up the curtain nnd gored back on the unforgotton glories of the hallow ed past, aa we beheld that fairest temple in which lihertv had ever fonnd a shrine.that. which Washington and Jefferson, Adams And Franklin. Henry, and Bdadison, the Lees, Masons, Rutledges and Pinckneya, a conclave of denii-gods, hnd bnilded up as a tabernacle for us to dwell in forever, and consecrated it with thi* blood of oar own fathers.that citadel of liberty.that palladium of hcisan right.that precious muniment of human hope.that refuge of hope, all over the earth.that world, won from the wilderness to God and liberty. Sir, with pious reverence, we looked upon all this.and, yet. with these hands, we tore it down.with these feet, we trampled it out of life.witb this breath, we scattered the fragment* on the winds.and, yet, w'o do not tremble.we are not appalled.. Our hands are un- stained, pure, clear, unterrified, as we raise them io confident appeal to tl>« God of Trutli( Justice and Right. Armed in this panoply, we drop the curtain and are ready to move onward through the coming scenes of this solemn drama. Gentlemen of Vir inia, the people of these Southern States are no noisy faction, clamor* ing for place and power.no hungry rabble, answering in blood to every appeal to brutal passion.no shouting mob, ready, to take for their Government a glittering epigram, or a justian theory. They are not cantiDg fanatics, festering in the licentiousness of abolition and amalgamation. Their liberty is not a Tainted trumpet straggling through the streets. Nor does their truth need to baptise itself in pools of blood. They are a grave, calm, prosperous religious people.the holders of the most majestic civilisation.the inheritors, by right, of the fairest estate of liberty.fighting fur that liberty.fighting for th*ir fathers* grave.standing athwart their hearth-stones, and before their ehamber-doors. In this fight, for a time, my little State stood alone.that little State, around whose outermost borders the guns fired at the Capital might almost be beard.whose scope of sky is scarce large enough for one star to glittee in.so smaH.so weak.so few. We began this fight, alone, against millions; and bad millions been piled on millions, under God, in snah a fight, we would have triumphed. But, sir, that God eares for liberty, truth and right among His people; and we are »o longer alone. Our own children, from Florid* and Alabama, answered to the mater nal call.and onr great sister, Goergia. marshalled forth tier giant progeny. The voice of Quitman earn* ap out of his grave on tbe Mississippi.and Louisiana proved heiself the offspring of the "Apostle of Liberty." And, now, yonng Texas raises her gianl form and takes her place at the bead of this majestic column of Confederating Sovereignties. And, sir, wherever Virginia has a son beyond her borders, his voice it known, because lie speaks in the aneient tongue of liis mother. Mr. President, I. one of the humblest of these soi s,' have told ray adopted brethren, I have pro-, miaed then), that before the Spring gnus grows long enough to weave a chaplet of triumph, they will hear the stately tramp as of a mighty hast of men. a sound, at' if the armies *of destiny were afloat.and they will see floating above that boat a banner, whose whole history is one blfuee »f glory, and not one'blot of shame.and coming op from that host, they will hear orta voioe, aye, like their, own.one voice only.the resounding cchoof" that voice whioh first thundered into the hearts of your Ood-Iike sires, *Oiveu me liberty, or give me death".and on that banner will be written the unsullied name of Virginia. The world HV»* MCI HWfVIJi «uu »HVW9 uu mwfO it in th« niche of tin*, ud knowing it, none dare dopbt whether Virginia will be, when her own offspring, Divine Liberty end Justice, c*U her to. fight. My birth right brother*.have -1 protnised too mueh in the dmm of oar mother! la an. the doobt would, be worve than bfeaphemy. She will take lief place is the -front rank. She will be. A* she.has .been for on*.hundred year*, the <bretao«ttil -the -world in the eatsw of liberty & #HI 'iUnd here with her uplifted arm, not only as a barrier, bat the gufdir.g-ktar lores empire, iMehliig 'from her feet to th« Wopic». frora the Atlantic to the Paeifio.grander in proportion.etroniW in power.freer in right titan any. whteh ha* preceded it.wSteh will divide the rate',of the Atlantic he felt on the far-heaving wiVita' of the Pacifl®, and will own the 'Oalf of Mexi'*» aad the bartibean $e«. 1 "r l« Mr. tVeeldeht, f ppntr before y0*», inbe hall of a' portionef thoae " who*t b*Re*e 1» tfcia eoming gre»tn«^V«o£' 'jirbo'iafi,/W; ^tiel wrong and injtutiee, been dirlVen freUi their inheritance fo 16* iplgbty pea* ; a»dl aab Vlr' J?Wl jpy* . -q|'> 4«''j| /if ivj|#.^ rl^vi ,ifiv -/ "4' iwNffrtjtj !<*f^*^;«& ocHbU de4o«tfo^ fc)*» rtp^ilcat- »Url~ %tm of fk* JSortbtm o<f SpaUMfB mliam oi WPffKf' wbtth k*r* fWnr^A.f wet fate'* Oor«jra*«c$t of fert» i^Mfh, *»** diira Mtn 9wi>^t»ttb4ttdntt th*v Qo?gvo- MmlgaoiM ft* CayWkT 4* Vt»tiif|iTi<|l^aifiglNili Hull 'gUM lwh|,H iwlifciliiiliwJi^ r. ', '".c pc.ple of the Sooth at political and oeiil eqnnla. No gentlemen I never.never until l>y Tnur iiovor. vtiiir irUnil vuur virtue, von cm * r V - * J J ' unfix the unuhanif enhle economy, of U>e Eter nil Hod, cnn you make ol the" people, of the North and tbe people of the South on« people An irresist bio instinct «>f *elf-preservation hm forced the cotton Siuteato recognise tliia abso lute and imperative diversity, and tliey art ar>w proceeding-to erect their institutions or its prevent necessity. The Northern State* ar< alto manifesting tbeir recognition of the hdii diversity by preparing, with the aid of tlx agent* of non slavery, known aa the Army ant NaT}- of the Uuite-I States, to attempt the tub ugation of the Southern States. I believe tbe question to be decided by you gentlemen, i*. whether Virginia, like the trem bling Egyptian, will skulk for shelter bonvatl the crumbling fragment* of a past greatness to dwell under the scourge of a haughty, bu mean task matter: or whether she will stej forth, and, with one voioe. hush this storm <i wnr. mid keep the ancient glory of her nam* The timea must lie far more distempered thai now ; indeed, propheoy dal e not seek, for i can never reach that tuture, when Yirgiuiau will hesitate to dcoide this question. Mr. Presiilppt. the pe«'ple «»F South Carol in have d«'c|.«ivd in the language of the vnriou compacts between them and their confcder* ates. tliat they have always retained their aov creignttv and independence; that they, wi their Confederate*, did di legalecertuin power to a common agent: that, by then confedet ates, t'lis compact has been violated, and th Government established under it has becotn destructive of *.h« purposes for whioh it wa established, and it is. therefore, their right t abolish that Government, m> far as it concern them, an1 institute another. They, have sol emnly ordaint-J, and are now, and have f sixty days, been maintaining that ordinate by arms.that ull p litiral connection wit the Government of the United states is dis solved. The admitted rule on which they have r« sorted to arms is, "That a violation of a p9rfe* right, either committed or committing, or wit which a people is threatened in the future, jui tifies the undertaking of war.amicable mean having been tried in vain, or when it isevij.-r that it would be evident that it would be use IiUIA in t.rv «ha! rtluana isiwtTAA ounitifud .< kaa... J J . - - «> >"« to arms." On this rule, the people of South Carolin have resorted to ariris iu dcfenee of a 4,perf«-« As I have stated, they have muiotamed th position for a reasonable time, notwilhatatu ing their ohief harbor lian lieen hloaknded, an their territory invaded ; they have maintaine It in honor against falsehood and treachery they maintained it until five millions of pe< pie nud six sovereign States have joined wit them lo form n government, in which, in tli language oi the eminent citizen who hast bee placed iu the charge of the Executive Depar ment of that Government, there can be doul .that "conrtge and patriotism of the pe<>p! of the Confederate States will be found equi lit Anv HA* nf nKi/«k Aim hfttii nnd security may require. Farther obntacli may retard the progrees of that Governmen but tliey cannot long prevent the progrce» of movement sanctified by n virtuous people.Reverently, let us invoke "he God of our fall en to guide and protect us in our efforts perpetuate the principles which, by his bles Ing, they were able to vindicate, establi*h an transmit to posterity; anil with that contir UHnce of His favor ever gratefully acknow edged, we will hopefully look forward to bu cess, peace and pronperily." Believing the righte violated and the inte erts involved, are identical'with' the rigb and interest* of the people of Virginia, a a remambet ing their ancient amity, and the common glory, the people of South Caroiir have instructed roe to ask, earnestly and re pectfully, thai the people of'Virginia will jo them in the protection of three right* and ii teresta. Mr. President, I luxve performed my missioi sod do now. in the name of tny Qovernmeti tender to thU Convention the . moel oordi thanks for their boDorable.con«ideratUm of a mission; and id my own behalf. I offer to tl Convention and Ibe ciltsens of Virginia, a heartfelt gratitude for tbeir noblo eourtesy at most generous kindneas to myself personally. 4 -i From the Columbia Auocialed Prss*. Inaugural Address of Frecideat Lmcoh wasbixotoh, f861. Fellav Cithern of the United Statu :.] compliance with * custom, as old as the Goi ernmsnt iUfclf'I-sppear before you to addre yoti briefly, and Iff take in jour presence' il oath prescribed by the Constitutionof the Un ted States, nod to be Uk«n by the President, b fore fee enters on the exectuion of hie office^ dd" not consider it necessary. at present, for r to dlsooss tbost matter* of administration abo which there is no special atriiety or eiiUi-meti Apprehension seems to exist among the peep ut the Southern fcutes that, by t fee *e*ession. a Republican AcJminiitr»Uo»i,.iheir proper ind peaoe and personal serorfty *fe to he ei <J*Dj»red. ~Tb<»te imi llever been any rruoo bis tiatttrfor aaeh apprehension: 'Indeed, tl nteet ample ayidftnee to the mm» bneell (I wbils ex>si«d.a*d bee«opejrto ihefcjnapeet io U U,found in joee.rly all tb? pub)io speech of hint who now aiidr<»»g you, 1 dd' V <jttote'fro*i '6** tit' tlK*e eps»eh)a* Whfen I d elare that I base na-perpoee. direetlv or M root It, to htwftw - (be inMitulisn : V&q» »> believe } Umm ,ta«rf(* right to do so. nod have at laofittatlob W <fo m>. Tho»e who bo* nataMHf dWI>A«* d» *> with*»& know edge that I li«4 made ibis and many other sim u. ' ui'W >*». «w. "irifrTfittrV tlftw. ikU, t)nj pUcid'ln thiamin (for tor.W * tof,*0 f" to >«. tb* aWu rtt*}M<rok %*»< lM»nUt ' »iU .. (frit w.-rt rV *Mt UM tukinUmiiwe, fn^Mti onii» rigMrof »b« SUt», tort ecpwMly ^ or ih* Uv\*9* Pj «na«d fc*o» qtf tbe * ; " reclaiming of what we call future slave*, nn<1 (lie intern ion oi the law given* is U»« law. All {members of Congress swear their support to the vf)»ole Constitution, to., this provision, as ] mnoh as to any ether. To the proposition. 1 then, that slaves whoso cases come within the terms of this olnuse, shall he delivered up, their i oaths are unanimous. Now. if they would make '.he effort in good temper, could they not ! with nearly equal unanimity frame and pass ft * law hv mnnnn of «M«h In k»n < / "" - vr fkV** + unanimous oath? There is some dlHetence of] t opinion whethef tliis clause should be enforced , by national or by State authority ; but surely that difference is not * very material one ; if # the slave is to be surrendered, it can he of but * little conuqaonoe to him or to others by whloh - authority it is done; and should »ny one in any one be oontent that his oath shall go unkept t n a merely unsubstantial controversy as ' to how it shall be kept t Again, in any .law upon this subject, ought" hot all the safeguards of liberty known ip civilized and humane jurisi, prudence ta be introduced, so that a free man t be not in any enso surrendered a* a slave. and might it net. be well, »t the same time, to proP vide hy law for the enforcement of that clause f in the Conititiitiou which guarantee* that "the !. eitieens of each State shall be entitled to all . privileges ami immunities of citizens in the several States." I take the official ontli to-day with no mental 8 reservations, and with no purpose to construe the Constitution or laws bv any hypocritical 1 T .1.. -1-1 -r- U ruir> i aim wunr i u<> iiui uiioiiiip now 10 »[it?ciiy particular acts of Con^rent an proper to be en* force-l. I do sugCHi Hint it will lie much safer ~ for nil, liotli in offloial and private stations. lo conform to and aliid* hy nil those act* which I, Mm ml unrepealed than t<> violate any of lliein, truHiinf? lo find Impunity in having them held to 4 he unconstitutional, Ii in seventy iwo yen is »iuc» the first jnanyuu ration of a President under onr Nntinnnl Cotistie tnlimi. During thai pet i«d. fifteen diffe ent and greatl-* diatimrundied citizen* have in succession 9 adminl*t*red I he Executive brunch of the Gov o eminent. They hav« conducted it through is many peril*, him] generally with ereat success. Yet. Willi "II iIiIk ai:"p» for precedent, I now en ler upon the nam* t ank for Ihe brie*" f'oiiMitu. r lioiiiif term ««f four years, under treat nod pecu«* liar i'ifflcitlii'-c. A dirroption of th- F»-iler*l h Union, heretofore mentioned, is now fnrniid«id> ntl'-niftrd I hold that. in uunlfiitpl-iiion 01 universal law mid of the Con-tiiutioo. th-> Union of the»s State is psr|wtu>il. Perpetuity is implied, if not expre»8ed, in the fundamental :t law of national Governments. It is snie to ni«. tort ilmt. nn f <iv«irt>i»i**nt. vrnmap »uf « «i«i- ' visions in its organic law for it* own termination * Continue to execute all the pxt>r<-its provis'ona of i8 oor national Constitution Hiid th- Union will ent dure forever; it heioir im|tos*ih e to ileatroy it except by mime action not provided for in (! instrument itself. Again. if the United Males 'l I. not m Government uroper, but an association of >tru»n in ili«< nntnre of contruct merelt. onn . it, nan contract, lie pr>ictic«hly unmade by 'ess tlian nil tlia parties wli"» made it? On** party 1 In a contend nniy violnte it l>r«-hk it, on t<> spe.ik. but d<>^s it not requite all to l.i wlully rescind it | is Descending front these genet al principle*. we j. find this proposition, that in legal complication, . the Uu»on is perpettt'il, tiunfiriind b\ the Union it«elf. The Union i* much ol<ler limit tlie ('cm<1 atilution; itWHaforti.nl in fact by the at tides ; of association in 1774. It was matured ami con ., tinnd bv ilio Ueuluratton of Inilcepndenre iu h l<r76' It was ftirtli-r matured and the faith of all these thirteen States expressly pledged and «un trag-H that it should be pai-pi linil. The Articles t- of Confederation in 1778. and finally in 1787, jt one of tlta "declared object* for ordaining and establishing the Constitution «ra« to form a more perfect Union. But if destruction of I lie Union *1 by one or by a part only of the States Iw law . }r fuliy possible, the. Union is less perfect than befi fore.the Constitution having lost tite vital element of parpetnity. li follows from these views ' that no ^tute. upon its own mere motion, can lawfully go out of the Union ; that resolves and ordinances to lhat effect are legally void, and that acts of violence within any State or Statea against the authority of the United Stales, me ^ insurrectionary or revolutionary, according to s circumstances. 1, therefore, consider that, in I(J view of the Constitution and the laws, the Un ion is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability, I shall lake cajr<v as the Constitution itaelf exI' preasly enjoins upon me, that the law* of the c- Union be faithfully executed iu nil the States..Doiutf this. I deem to be only a simple duty on ipy part* and I shall perfo/m it, so far as practicable, * til Biy rightful master, the American t* people, shall withhold ihf rrquirite irteans.KJr, d in soma Hiuliqrised manner, 4ir,rct the contrary. ;r -1 trust litis will not be regarded ti a mentice, but -as ihr 1'eclared purpose of the Union, that it.will '* coiislitoiionully (defend aud maintniu ncelf. In s* doinir tliis;-thweTieed be no b!oedsl>erfor violence, in and there shall be none, quit** it b« ftxced upon llf national authority. The power confided 10 n" me will lie u«e<Hd hold, oocnpy'and portess the p>uporby «n:i piacri oeiougiug JO the UOVe n* q, ineut, and tocollsct tbe dmies and impoei*, but beyond what may hi necessary for these objects, | there Will be no invasion, no axing of force * »gmin«t or iniont :lie peoplr nnywhet*. Where >7 hostility to'tlte United Stales in any interior lote eafity shall be so grent end so" unusual as to pre,y Tent competent resident citizen* from bo,ding , the Federal offifcet, tliere will be no attempt it force obnoxious strangers arn«Mig'thr people for ibafcobjeo'. While the strict legal right may exist in the Government to enforce the exercise of these ofBoea. the tempi to do m> would be Irrational, and so nearly impracticable withal, 1, that | deein it better to forego for the time the tnea.or%OeH"of!b£". The mki!i>, tnilene repelled, will continue tojb^ furnished .in 4U puf«e of the !n Pnion. So far, af poftwhle, the peopfe every where i- shaHliiiva thai sense of p*rCr**t security which is se moat favorable to cool thought and reflection.. ie The course here indicated will hn followrd, nui. low emrrent ai'«t «K»il .. e- modification or cbanv# to be proper; and in I every rue and «-*igeucy, my be»t discretion will tf he >*«rc>«pil according toclicnmitan'je* actually at nifiiug,nq(t villi e »i#w mid « |»«>pe of price it. ful >iolu.ir>n of il»e national troubles. Mid lh« rrnto le ration 01 fraternal nympathirs ihil Aft- etinn* of ,'Thnt'f.brre »r« poisons > one section or nn..ilifi j wUv sct-k 10 dqstmy ihV Uuina at all ev*nti>, and u any pretext Ui'ilo ii?l will g. affirm of d«nv, Itu* »f ttj>«e b» sneh, I nred «d 10 dw» ijo a;«ird to Uitini To Up***, lil'WrVrr. wh«> ft ' tlic Union, may I not speak H. nteiHii*. upou io(ra«* i matter hs th« <Wtrw.et «wii of our national labrk}, wuh all iu brpetiu, ut lie NMMUftM, W hopes f WtHlld il no I Im> wise :trt.i»see*iaw precieety why arc -do h t.- Will yon ||. h: sard en d«»p«rate a step wJmIs-there ia any 0f possibility that anv portfem of tbe *»1 jou fly ..j from bavn no >«it 4ai*&-n«*.t " Willi V»U. "wllllr I th« ceroiu ill* jtmi Uj io *»e greater lima all |. llM r«AlOBM >u>i fky* ftotu. Will JT'rtJ fUk lh« nowinaiMton ul ao Onrfe) n I Alt (Hrotrw i i(> U ifiniiranr ift ft* Uutob, ifkll oiiniiiuiMml rlcbii e«ii be niHtptaM'' I« ik irutt lb*.n,-Uwi ' itiiy ri«h', pliMtly wiU"'i <u >fa« i'winliiuiion liu * It 4 ienirdr I fhiu> H*t. ^ VrthWn m lid liifco cO"»liloK*<i. MP r««ch W tile auiauitv of ilo.i«Mf LhiC. TJiink, «l n « l>XT** in»l«iM*, in tinMrtivivp'i inly «*Vitl$fe |»roTiiioh r>f (!)#"<$>» >*f d««W* M i>y *hf r*;.jn^ fcie*. of iiumfora* majority ahoula dtcjknVli ii'lniJibl'tlv ^ m tli'trl* Wr1»iJn rn of j it mitthi. in m m<>r«J |x»int .-of »n w>t:«uv ea*v! Alt' Ute vital r\ftktm W mi*«ri - «i?S?3&PSS tiunsMfeAK ever n majority refuses to be controlled by such minority. For instance, why may not any portion of * newrConfederacy, a year or two hence, arbitrarily.- swccd* again, pfi-oitely as, portions of the present IJnion now clam to Kitcede from it f All who cherish disunion ntitnents, are no > being educated to the exact temper of doinc thia la th»ro such perfect identity of intere*ta monir the States lo compoae n new Union to promote harinonj' only, and prevent renewed r=ece«*ionf Plainly the central idea of secession ia the essemce of anarchy. A niHjority held in restraint by constitutional checks and limitntions, ar.«l always changing easily with deliberate changes of popular opinions and s<-nti moil I*, is the only true sovereign of a free people. Whoever rejects it, does of necessity, fly to anarchy or despotism. Unanimity is impossible. The rule of minority, as a permanent rrargement, is wholly inadmissahle ; so that, rejecting the majority principle, anarchy or despotism in some form, is all that i3 lfft, I do not forget the position assumed by some, that constitutional questions are to he decided fiv ill** Simr«»mp Court. \nr <l<t T ilnnv ilmf siK'li decisions must lie binding in ntiv cose opoii the parties to a suit. A» to the object of that suit. while the- are also entitled t<» very high respect and consideration in all parii'lel case* hy all other departments of the Govern- ment; and while il I* obviously passible tlipt such decision mny he eironeou* in any given rasp. mtill the ovil effect following lis hein(£ limited l<> meet that particular case, with the. chance that It mny be over ruled aud never becomo o precedent for oilier cases, can belter be borne than eouhl tlie evils of n different practice. Ai tlie same time llie candid citizen must confess Hint, if the policy of ihti Government upon vital questions nff«-ctiii(; M.e whole people in to be irrevocably fixed by decisions of t lie Supreme Courts, the instant tliev are) mail" in ordinary 1 iti^ution between |uuLk>s in persons! actions, tlie people will have ceased to be their own ruler«. having to that extent! practically resigned their (ioveruinent into the hand* of that eminent t.-i- until. Nor is there in this view. a»y niMin the court and | judifi-s 1» is a duty fioin winch they may not shrink to d« eii'e caiis of piope-ty fought tie- ! fore ihem. and it is -io In nit of ilieiis if otl.ers seek to liirn their d*ci>'o|is to political ptirpo- ;»cs One eeel'on of oil" country ' 'it-ve® slave rv i» r: 'lit an ! night to h" extend.'d. while 11.«- oilier l.« :«v.'« if is wronir and oii^ht tint to b" » xten.)- .l This is the only «u'i<taiitiAl dispute, An lo tli * fugitive slave chimin of the ConstitII- lion mid the law for ibe suppression of the for- eijrn niave trade, (as nearly os any law an ever I.e ill a fmi.nitlfi'V w here the moral mji.ee of llie people iniperlevlly supports tin* law ilsel'.) the j»reat body of the people a'»ide the dry lei/al oliliuntion in both eases, and .1 t feu l>reak nriTkkoIi. I think the*- i-uinot. Ii.« pcrl- cllv cured, niial it would be »'ni> in Imlli Ci<f»e«. sf'ler (lie separation of the feel inns limn before. "1 lie foreign slave trade j> now iuiper- feet I v snpere^ed. and would he ultimately re-> vlvitl wit limit re>iirii*i inn hi «n»« Se-tion, while fugitiveslave*. now oiil\* parltalU suo endured. would 1101 lie inirri'iiilt'r"d lit nil liy the other, Physically speaking. we cannot separate.we cannot remove our respective sections from chisIi oilier, nor build hii impassable wall between them. A husband ami wife may he di vorc'ri. and go ool of the prer-ence and beyond the reach of each other, hut I ho different purls of our country cannot <lo this They cannot but leinniii luce to face, and intercourse. cither amicable or hostile, must continue between iliein. In it possible, then, to make ih it interoonr»^ more idvan>m»enu<« or more satisfactory after separation than before I Can aliens muke treities easier than friends can make laws? Oan treaties ho more faithfully enforced between aliens than laws can among friend* t Suppose you go to war, you eaui'Ot fight always, and when, after much loss on L^th sides, and no train on either, y<-u cease fighting, tbo identical old question, as to terms of inter course arc again upon yon. This eountry, with its institutions, belou a tolhs people who in habit it. Whenever the}* shall grow weary of the existing Government, they can exercise the Constitutional ricrht to anient! it, or the revoln tionary*right to d.smeojber 01 overthrow it. I cannot be ignorant of the fact that inany patriotic citizens are desirous of having the unuuimi vuiiBiiiiitiuu ninenaeti. While I tmike no recommendation of amendment, I fulI3,* recognize the rightful authority of the people oyer the whole suWjeot, to be exorcised ill either of the'modes presented in the instrument itself, and I should under existing circumstances. favor rather than oppose a fair opportuuitv -being aflfurded the people to act upon it. I will venture to-add that to me the convention Mode seems preferable,, in that it allows amendments to originate witii the people them selrea, inslend of only permitting them to take or rep«Lpr">po»itious originated by others not especially chosen for the purpose, and which might not be precisely such as they would wish to e ther acccpt or refuse. I understand a proposed amendment to the Constitution, which amendment, however, I hav» not seen, nivt jmrwru UOIigrers, m vne enr<5L mat Uie Kod eral Government shall never interfere with the Horn stfo instil utiomi of the States, including tbntot persons held to aervioe. To avoid misconstruction of what I hove said, I depart from my purpose not to speak of particular amendment*, so far as to any that, holding such a provision to pow he the implied construction of the law, I have no objection to being made exprer* and irevocnhla The .Chief Magistrate derives nil his authority from "the people, pnd'they have conferred none upon him to nx terms fur the separation of the States. The people theraae' ves «an do this also if the)' choose, but the Executive, us such, has nothing to do with it; hie duty is to administer the present Government «a it came to his hand*, and to transmit it unimpaired by him l'> his successor. Why should there not be a patient confidence in wht» ultimate-justice of tin- people? Is there any bat ter or equal hope in the world ? 'In our prea«nt ^ifTerehres. is either party yiihout faith ol being in the rjght ? M»y tfii' AlliiigtitV Ruler of nation*, with his eU-rital truth, be ou your aide of rhe North, or ou '.ouiiuf the ^ouili 1 hat truth mid that juilice wil'Miiviy pJVVrtil ill- judgment of Ill-it jifeut. I rililihnl, the Amnricnii people. By llie form <>t kUVeliilDviit u.i|<|rl \ilin:|i we live, 11.?» mine li i'v< tviiii-iy u!t«iiiMr|inb1ie ervaHtp It>tie |K>wt-r for UiI, aixl have \% !l« qutii \i it>>j»in pr«>viuid t->r tlie return *nf It hi. little in rfi'tsr own hiitnlit At. v«rv #ti«m itit<*ry*l»»' Wiul* the peoplo rof.iHi thrii | virtue uiufclimnwirntiwi, l«y *nv f exi!en:«- «»» wu'tc«lii«s» *>r*l<»ll> oan v. iy wri rioiMt)' Injure the Gi»V«»riiri;iiit in I!»'- *Hori t ul tuur V C,ll V- :Hy UUllUllpU!li,J |l«ll)k unllliilly Mllii *«-ll llJ'Oll I his wJllllv Dlilljl-I'l. ) * Nothing vwloatitc chiiii* Iimm »>y tnkliig I ,JLI tkv1'*' hurry iimv «l you i>. hot hn*i<< to a »tr|. winch ymi wo.iini tti-ver t»kc df iiberii'Vly. tIr4t «il.j«-vi will !>« 'frij»(. i»tfii f uy imUiiui a». gvud nlg^ct jl/h l>t> ' .frustrated l»y ii. hueh iif you R.-t »rc d Mufti a- fiwl (lilt, the oiit C"in*t4tutruri «tiini|>aiiv<i, HU«I Ilia Mt«UIVr J'QMit liu- lnwu ut^iiur own (ruining umier It, W.litv- I lie itrw adiniiil* : tratiert Hilt M<ri no letutdv, tf it uhouiil j ohftiucr ejUn-r.v-i« it were adorned <bm you *_!../T. j. «i... ....i.i .1.1 .L w«iu mr uwtvivuru nviu «» rijjuv Fine ill iue d*|<ulf, thrtte 7* ih> Ifltflf gdod lvt«ort Kir |»r«* OfiW' « >Vu., l»felli|{t:Mc«r-p«triwii<iei, ohm ; umiiIV. mii(1 V«rin reliance on Itim wliu !;« n**ir;'fi>r#i»k>i» tlii*"1 Moored Jtiwf, nrir^till , <wN*fM«*fcto »dju»i ill our pr^Miat) fiicttUie*. Ijo ^oi)r-L»itiia. uiv 4'iMHiiHed fritndg mid ix/untfymeii. »nd iiot iu mine. i» the tin niontous j»- - ** war, Thi Government will uofcaa Mi jou. Yuu cud litvc no conflict witUout fi*ing,'yuur»*iv«.* ike nggret*dr«. y»>ur hltve «o ; k»tfcvi»g*Ur«d inil«tv.(B u> d«0Vf°>' U»«Q©t O^BMwfc so/tfBan MlDptefrt, protect arid defwnd' it. I «m »|<Oi b«u*«« tfa^troor* «Wt ORM&fo >*I>»UIKU U TIM d^Mir vMrtfe of-.' ^^3w^gry4t»>erery loflijfjk?Jr^i^o«e Jto&mP oof bttM- tahifvur yrt «#^l the 3BSW535SSS5!$. r t Ji|e ftbbebilie ABBEVILLE, S. O. ' W. A. LEE, ESITOB. I 4 Friday Morning, March 8. 1861. tar The friends of CAPT. JESSIE JAY, announce him as a Candidate for MAJOR of the Lower Buttalion of the Eighth Regiment S. C. M. THE PEACE COXVEBKirCB. As all expected, the Peace Conference at Washington failed in effecting anything 4ati»frtctory to the South. The Conference adjourned on the 27th ult, tin* die. We would direct the attention of purchasers to advertisement of Messrs. Black A Frank!.!*, of Cokesbury, who now offer a large stoek # goods at prices to suit the times. Give them an early call. ATLANTA MEDICAL COLLEGE. We would direct efpeciulattention to the advertiseme of the Atlanta Medical. This college affords every facility, and deserves the patronage of the Southern people. MAJOBAKDEIMOH. Washington. March 5 .M»jor Anderson up to the 4th insl., has continued to epeak of his cunditiun uss^fe. He expresses the opinion t'.iiti reinforcement bad better not be sent to liim. ABKAN8AS FOB SECESSION. We presume there is no further doubt abont the State of Arkansas secsding from the United St*tec. and joining the Confederate States.. 'Pi. ii t - «. in win en targe uie eeope ui our Territory, add much to our strength an a nation. military elections. The following is the result of the rccentele»» I inn lor F eld Officer* iu the Seventh Regiment South Carolina, Volunteers in Abbeville und Diptricts: Colonel.Tiiom.w Raoox, of Edgefield. Lt. Colonel.It. A. Faib, of Abbeville. Major.LImmkt 3eibi.es, of Edgefield. lieutT colonel We are pleaa»-d to Mnnounee to our reader* that R. A. Faib, K.<q., of our Village, hasbeen circled to t he office of Lt. Colonel^ in the Seventh Regiment of South Carolina Voluuleera. in Abbeville and Edgefield District. lie is just the man to fill the office, and we know that no better detection could have been inade. NORTH CAROLINA. ELECTIONS. The accounts of the recent eleotions in North Curutinaaru so contradictory that we are nnablr to form a correct idea of the result. We fear, however, that "Old Rip" has notheen sufficiently arouseil to a sense of her danger lo throw off the yoke of Black Republican rule. THE P08TAGE ACT. It will he seen l#y reference to the Postage Act. which paused the Southern Congress a few days Hgo, that the rates of postage has beet* considerably increased. Postage on lettera will be five cent* instead of three cents, asunder the old regime. Postage on papers published weekly within the State cents per quarter ' in advance. Daily papers six times thi>t amount. See the Act in full on our first pagf. HOW. J. 8. PBESTON'8 SPEECH. We huve the pleasure tliis week of presenting to our readers the address, in part, of lion. Joiik S. I'brjtok, our Commissioner to the Virginia Convention. li has received the highest encomiums from all uho have seen -aud read it, aud we feel satisfied that none of our read* ers will fail to give it a perusal. LIBCOLJT8 CABINET. The following are the members of Abe Li*» coin's Caliinet: Secretary of Slate.W. II. Seward, of Nt* York. ^ «Tio Secretary of Treatury..S. P. Cms*, of Ohio. Secretary of War.Simon Camebok, af Pcnu* sylvania. Secretary of Navy.S. Wella. Secretary of Interior.C. SiilTii, of Indiana, PoU Matter General.M. BlaIS, of Maryland. SALE DAT. About the usual number vera in attendaoae last Sale Daj. Considerable property was ax; ponoil to sale, and w,as bid off at reduced prices. The valuable bouse and lot of Mr. II. T. Tustes, was sold for tbe sum of $'2,000, at 60 days rime.Mr. W. James Lovax; tbe purchase «r. This house and lot would ltave brought mure than doable that amount six or eight month' ago. A like uegm woman about tweo. ty yenrs, with hej, child four .years ,of age. WHi soil] for $1,2<H), cii«b. Other negroes waro sold alvout the »*me proportion. OyR COURT.. . This week onr Court is in session, his Honor, Judtcti Gloved presiding. The Judge', with'his r unual ofturtesy to tiie'Brir, dispatches tha* busi| » e*» Hi m speedy meaner. The old business of i;th» Oowj-tj i<»uetU4r With the n«jrjjw»U op<)»Py Mit cntiru ye.>e(fWe bore rery few Statqca<eS; Hiiti I bene of not much importance. The Solicitor, lion. J. P. Keed, will hava but lit. tir- io da.' ' - - r \Y>- Ii.ive hud fine*w<>'ft'lher daring Um pfescDi w.ck. e»i'»ptn few March'winds. The atjeii.isuc wud »lx>uf th« baaal number, ^nd;w*s noted fur iU uuuaual sobriety and QjiierJ^/too* duet. W notice Vhe foDowirtg1 Vifltftfjr 6<»hib**il of the U«r from the rHjiinlnj ITimlita.:.PIT* ^ullivam and U. L. JIcGowan, of Ltwcii; CN*y Sintycjftif ti frforrf; f't. tfigif i. O. (V^wfaiwoii »kd 4on^fanuitiw«< of 4t.dra.'»; -4^ yi iipanut noli VMiqwMb^ . W^ufcT..., OM, coju maugurwl m a d*ol*r«tion of wir. " n..b. Joi.6 tui »ifra*b4-,iirh« T^nwU ee to pr#^rrfb*#ar ^the'^ert''»«lW of pmreqfclag it. ^uSAeOoelifeeei of. He^r?Xe*k, and mtoy North* ri^I>«iQoe^tv*^.*H»g of the Jp* awss^aa im. miill*^ |uwH. "\f floo. M.rtm ^£f^Tor4» ^eorgt^n. of

lf-preservation, Friday Morning,€¦ · ted provisionsof ourcompact vital, to us, hor deei6f their peaple, under the sanction of these regulations robbed our property and rourd-r«dour

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Page 1: lf-preservation, Friday Morning,€¦ · ted provisionsof ourcompact vital, to us, hor deei6f their peaple, under the sanction of these regulations robbed our property and rourd-r«dour

ADDRESS*OF

HON. JOHN 8. PRESTON,Commissioner from South Carolina to the VirginiaConvention, l''eb. 9, 1861.Mb PltKfllDEKT AND GkKTLKMIlN or Til* CoNvfesTiox:I have the honor to present to you

my credentials its Commissioner from th« Oov«r»mentof South Carolina to the "JouventionK' V of the people of Virginia. On these credentiulsbeing duly received by you, I am instructedby my Government to lay before you thecauses which induced ihe. state of South Caro»linn to withdraw from the United Mates, andresume the powers heretofore delegated by herto the Federal Government of the United State*of America.

In performing this duty. I to aanotmeeto yon that it is rrorpsrrr of my purpose, nor isit the wish of mj Ooveroment, that I shouldmoke on argument before you irr proof at theright of secession. My Government haa assumedthat ri^ht in her sovereign capacity,and my ministry here is to recite the causeswinch slic has deemed sufficient to enforce uponher the necessity of exercising that right*

» * *

I will therefore proceed to state the more

prominent mid immediate causes which haveinduced South Carolina to >l>mir>t« «««_

p, vvu*eutto tlie Constitution of the United States.As preliminary to this statement, I would

*; say that, as early as tl«e year 1820, the oianifest tendency of the General Government wasto restrict the territorial expansion of theslaveliolding States. That is very evident innil the coutcsts ol that period ; and had theybeen successful to the extent that some hoped,

ir even then, the line that cut off the purchasesfrom France might have been projected Eastwardto the bottom of the Chesapeak, nnd «eptVirginia and half of Tennessee and all of Kenl»«l* TT \* ilintn!* .I- 1 **

«wvbj| * |mupci, aiwr sua ilia glTCO tonon slavery her North-western empire, to thenon-slavery section. That might be the line.The policy, however, baa been pushed ao farits to deprive this Southern section of that lineof at least seven-tenths of the acquisitiona ofthe Government. Besides this, I would atate,as preliminary, that a large portion of therevenue of the Government of the UnitedStates has always been drawn from dutiea onimports. Now, the products that have beennecessary to purchase these imports, were atone time almost exclusively, and have alwayamainly been, the result of slave labor, andtherefore the burden of the revenue dutiea uponimports purchased by these exporta muttfail upon the producer, who happena also to b«the consumer of the imports.

In addition to this, it may be stated at a veryearly period of the existence of this Governmentthe Northern people, from a variety ofcause?, entered upon the industries of roana-jiuiure iuu ui commerce, out ol agriculturescarcely to the extent of self pupport. Thismay have ariten front a variety of cauaea;among them, perhaps, an uucoogenial climate,a barren soil, but a sea coast adapted to commerce,besides an inherent tendency upon thepart of the people of these latitudes to thearts of manucraft and traffic. Aod while,therefore, it was important that all the aourecsof the revenue ahould be kept up to meet theincreasing expenses of the Government, it alsomanifestly became of great importance thattheee articles of manufacture in which theyhave been encraffed almnlil h«

o o .»-Jwvv "MD

purchase of their confederates. They there*force, invented a system of duties partial anddiscriminating, by which the whole harden ofthe revenue fell upon thore who produced thearticles of export which purchased the articlesof import; and which articles of import wereconsumed mainly, or to a great extent* by thosewho produced the exports. The State of SouthCarolina being nt the time obe of the largestexporters aod consumers of iiriporta, was so

oppressed by the operations of this system uponher, that she was driven to the necessity ofinterposing her sovereign reservation to arreatit. BO fur MB alio «« iirtnrtarnaJ TUS.

position, together with tb« rapid spread of theprinciple of free trade all over the world, didan est the iniquity in the shape in which it waathen presented. It coald do lunger be theavowed policy of the Gevernmeut to tax onesection for the purpose of bnilding up another.Bat 6o successful had been the syrtem; to eachan extent had it already, in a few y*arv, beenpushed ; so vaat had been its accumulations ofcapital; so vastly had it been diffused throughoutits ramification^ aa seemingly to interweavethe industries of the sections almost in*to the life of each Other. As mechanics manufacturers,shippers, merchant*, bankers and inall the intermediary pursuit*, the Northrp peo-pie seemed to have become almost oecnury tothe inaintainance of the industry of tbe8oaib>Id tlieee relation* they had crept iat* «rtrycrevice of an,affluent and Ioomeconomy, andmade themselves so convenient to it> "that webegati to think them vital to it; and they greweo great and waxed to strong,-a* (bay fed andfsttened-on this sweating giant of the Boqib,that, with the insolence natural to sudden andbloated power, they began to darm that thelaboring mon&ter was ereatad for their tribntery.They have drawn fr6tn us subsidieswbieli might have glutted the avariea of a RolusoProocosol, which, fa oosqnartsr *f a.eectoryhave huitded Up powerful eititt, fivslisgin wealth the riehest marti of lb* -Old World,and burdening every sea with'thair eommaro*.uu which nave covered tbtttfHUiU aoH With

pailaee* add tailing (irdtM. And-jrt,aooraolooa u it may appear, it WtUHiardftU*literally true, that white tb«y war#-1fciie<giith*eKog all thalr wealth and paWr ftM tkta

1 sonree, »Up by atep, laCuteum imteff, wtfbuggrtgafcioti; there waa gdttog ap« determined'ptirpoM to tfcm mftifc' oT tfcofr p** ^^'l^ndear.'.Ipretrad oot to tapWijk H;metfjW wbtefc it ia myUp i* lay W«*reWtT*o«*rly thirty y«r*the people pt ^on alaveholdiag 6U^t^Jp4ff*aaailtd tfce ioaUtntioi'if'/ifrUai (iMMM

^riy,#tb^&)a»ri|^, i>,# lfc#w*'^. gn»«»nUWP,inUtxleation Of U» wOaeyfc ,, frfyieljm.<«r*^juHig *i.i! r* f|yMflMMdwEi<M HWig+*&&.fMftK<*#«; « "*%«*. «t

h<la ', * i i.'v£iii<4 <*t*fir.i>Z' ^ »W|> iff *»r.,

h«twe<n «l»Tery ai>4 anUrt«V«rj. ThU ii lti«solemn decree, UmM|ferHa eonctit«t«d (Hot,

kAA^JN nL'a* 'inMiiilAhADierc« nf tlie Republic. Additj*>c>ft!-flBilJjp$i p/

w i>opl<>( nicking ni»juHtic» io »ll

n*ny of the States by ligliUUre action, have,d«elir«d thai the institution of »l»»«ry, itexist* in the Southern Slate*, is an offence toGod, and thefore (bey are bound, by the moatacred duty of man, to exterminate that institution.They have declared and acted uponthe declaration that the existence of slaveryin the Southern States ia an offence and a dangerto the social institutions of tb* NorthernStates, and therefore they are bound, by theinstinct of moral right and of »«lf-preservation,to exterminate slavery.

Impelled by these saered duties to God andtl»cir consciences, and by the scarcely l«wbinding impulses of self-protection.after year*of earnest labor and devotion to the purposethey are succeeded, by large majorities In allthe non-slaveholding State*, in plaaing theentire Executive power of the Federal Governmentin the band* of those who are pledgedby their obiigation% to God.by their obligationsto the social institutions of man.bytheir obligations of self preservation.to placethe institution of slavery in a soume of certainand final extinction. That is, twenty millions of people, holding one of the strongestGovernments on earth, are impelled by a perfectrecognition of the most sacred and powerful obligations which fall upon man. to exterminatetbs vital interests of eight millionsof people, bound to them by contiguity ofterritory and tbe closest political relation. Inother word*, the decree inaugurated on the6th of November, was the annihilation of thepeople of the Southern State*. Now, gentlrmen, the people of Sooth Carolina, being a

portion of those who come within the ban ofthis decree, had only to ask themselves.is existenceworth a struggle t Their answer isgiven in the ordinance I have had the hopor tosubmit to you.

I nr+ Wfer* m* vim nnil loarn<»rt m»n vrlm

have observed aud sounded (he uajn of humanlife in all its records, and many who havebeen chief actors in some of ita greatest scenes.I ask them if, io all (he love of human society,they find a case parallel to thiat SouthCarolina haa 300,000 whites, and 400,000slaves. The whites depend *n their slaves fortheir order of civilization and their exiatauce.20,000,000 of people, with a powerfully organizedGovernmenl, aud impelled by the most

sacred duties, decree that thi» slavery mnst beexterminated. I ask yon, Virginiana, ia right.iajustice, ia existence worth a struggle f

» *

Now, gentlemen. notwithstanding theae factaI haTe endeavored to group before you, notwithstandingthia labor, this long Buffering,thia patience I hare endeavored to ahow youshe has practiced, throughout this whole land,ovpr all Christendom, fry State has been accusedof "rash precipitancy." Ia it rash precipitancyto atep out of the pathway whenyou bear the thunder-crash of the fallingavalanche? Ia it raah preceipitancy to seek forahelter, when you bear the hissing of the comingtempest, and see the storm cloud tlosedown upon yon f Is it rash precipitancy toraiae jour bands to protect your heart!

I venture to aaeert that never, aiitee libertycame into the inatitationv of man, have a peopleborne with more patience, or forborne withmora fortitude, than htre the people of the«eSouthern States, in their relations with theirconfederates. A« long as it was merely sillyfanaticism or prurient philanthropy whieh proposedour deatruotioo, we did nothing, scarce,

ly complained. Even when partial and mootoppressive taxations, continued for years,ground us into the dust of poverty, sure for a

tnomsnt of convulsive struggle, we bore itpatiently; even when many of onr confederates,by State and municipal regulations violated provisions of our compact vital, to us, hordeei6f their peaple, under the sanction ofthese regulations robbed our property androurd-r«d our citizens ; even when, uuder thesame sanction, bands Of wild fanatics invadedslave States sod prolaimed the destruction ofiliftrj, bj the annihilation of the ilifdMlder,and States end cities erected shrines to the memoryof the felons; when one eon federate demandedthat we most be driven from thecivilisation of the age ia which we live, acdanother sent he chief Representative to defamens before the civilised world.beneath allthese enormities we continued to give our bloodour gold and oar iwtst, to build up the grandeurend maintain the power of the Republic ;and when there via added to this, all thatbaffled avarice, malignant fanaticism. and moraliurpitnde ooald devise, to- vilify, wrong andlfniaie aa, we tun gate ear blood and treasureand offered oar hand*. and called the brethren,1 draw, do fancy piatnre, 1 oae no de*clatoa tory aaa*ftioo. There ia not a man inihia Convention who may not oite twapty oMtato meet every item of thia catalogue. Butwhan at laet thh fianaicitiain ana eager haatefor rapine.mingling their foal ptirpoete, engenderedtheae fm.nting mllHona hawMixed tbeConatitatioa And diettirbad iU mosta^red form into aa Jeetramopt. for eor.ruin,why thco, longer Bubmiwioci Memed lo ui notonly base cowardice, bat absolute futurty. '*South Carotid* «afelt tbiat, to remain one hourunderaoeb a donniiattaa, wa irotiMtatrH thadestruction earttfcd by follyeijdWa«M; wk feel vb*t if there vat- oak aoD of a

Carolina «re» who Would eaont# aw* aabmi*not a bilt iUe or a plain, from

Eataw to tia powpeae, from which die spiritof Me offended aire woold not Waft1oitb toebemahiaaiWm the land ha deaxnttad. Wedidt»<*«Bdalr enoogfc in thofc MtUa State tofire bra*tfc to «ow«eVMM*»W<*ft'>t firmearth oaaaffa t*«re tor «M.«ittfc oooae«llo* tom'Msf - J& ajj^Ufarito a# Virginia, to pprdeop»eW r*fcrriag wito mm mrtwolaritr'ftHfca poaitiota «ffffe titote In aarttototiao with

ibcii iaadf l^a.Iceao* aftdft^ mwAfrrelerfd. laa^a ai«fca 0 iiwaiMH|r^/>m n p»»|| i^««rWi»ly

J «***»** » 1*4,

xsmaEssmcxsz

***&%*&*ffijjjfclfrtU

*J *> * £ ofpwk^^9,,

m if foot ibo f«ry eMWm of

on* ft.,.»tM. ywtrtonoi

lb* b^rd»n. *f thai lulu W iritfc froA

»ix-teen to rixty who can walk or stand. who! not anned, standing ready to resist to thedeath. » W» ore very small.rcry weak.butif that flre*torai w ith hieh we are threatenedshould fat! upon us and consume «u>, hereafterthe pilgrim uf liberty, perhaps from thi« Slate,who m4y be searoliing brneath the ruins ofCharleston, will find lh| skeleton of ocr sentinelitinding at our ki gate.

Believe it net, sir, that in taking this pocrtion,we have been forgetful of the pant, or

reckless of the future. Jfo, sir! it is.the greatpast, and our sacred obligation# to the future,whieb have served a* to the act. It was thesplendor of the past which daisied our eyes,until the sabstance of liberty bad almost slippedfrom our grasp. For years and years we

paused as we held up the curtain nnd goredback on the unforgotton glories of the hallowed past, aa we beheld that fairest temple inwhich lihertv had ever fonnd a shrine.that.which Washington and Jefferson, Adams AndFranklin. Henry, and Bdadison, the Lees, Masons,Rutledges and Pinckneya, a conclave ofdenii-gods, hnd bnilded up as a tabernacle forus to dwell in forever, and consecrated it withthi* blood of oar own fathers.that citadel ofliberty.that palladium of hcisan right.thatprecious muniment of human hope.that refugeof hope, all over the earth.that world,won from the wilderness to God and liberty.Sir, with pious reverence, we looked upon allthis.and, yet. with these hands, we tore itdown.with these feet, we trampled it out oflife.witb this breath, we scattered the fragment*on the winds.and, yet, w'o do not tremble.weare not appalled.. Our hands are un-

stained, pure, clear, unterrified, as we raisethem io confident appeal to tl>« God of Trutli(Justice and Right. Armed in this panoply, we

drop the curtain and are ready to move onwardthrough the coming scenes of this solemndrama.Gentlemen of Vir inia, the people of these

Southern States are no noisy faction, clamor*ing for place and power.no hungry rabble,answering in blood to every appeal to brutalpassion.no shouting mob, ready, to take fortheir Government a glittering epigram, or a

justian theory. They are not cantiDg fanatics,festering in the licentiousness of abolition andamalgamation. Their liberty is not a Taintedtrumpet straggling through the streets. Nordoes their truth need to baptise itself in poolsof blood. They are a grave, calm, prosperousreligious people.the holders of the most majesticcivilisation.the inheritors, by right, ofthe fairest estate of liberty.fighting fur thatliberty.fighting for th*ir fathers* grave.standingathwart their hearth-stones, and beforetheir ehamber-doors. In this fight, for a time,my little State stood alone.that little State,around whose outermost borders the guns firedat the Capital might almost be beard.whosescope of sky is scarce large enough for onestar to glittee in.so smaH.so weak.so few.We began this fight, alone, against millions;and bad millions been piled on millions, underGod, in snah a fight, we would have triumphed.But, sir, that God eares for liberty,truth and right among His people; and we

are »o longer alone. Our own children, fromFlorid* and Alabama, answered to the maternal call.and onr great sister, Goergia. marshalledforth tier giant progeny. The voice ofQuitman earn* ap out of his grave on tbe Mississippi.andLouisiana proved heiself theoffspring of the "Apostle of Liberty." And,now, yonng Texas raises her gianl form andtakes her place at the bead of this majesticcolumn of Confederating Sovereignties. And,sir, wherever Virginia has a son beyond herborders, his voice it known, because lie speaksin the aneient tongue of liis mother. Mr.President, I. one of the humblest of these soi s,'have told ray adopted brethren, I have pro-,miaed then), that before the Spring gnus growslong enough to weave a chaplet of triumph,they will hear the stately tramp as of a mightyhast of men. a sound, at' if the armies *ofdestiny were afloat.and they will see floatingabove that boat a banner, whose whole historyis one blfuee »f glory, and not one'blot ofshame.and coming op from that host, theywill hear orta voioe, aye, like their, own.onevoice only.the resounding cchoof" that voicewhioh first thundered into the hearts of yourOod-Iike sires, *Oiveu me liberty, or give medeath".and on that banner will be writtenthe unsullied name of Virginia. The worldHV»* MCI HWfVIJi «uu »HVW9 uu mwfO

it in th« niche of tin*, ud knowing it, nonedare dopbt whether Virginia will be, when herown offspring, Divine Liberty end Justice, c*Uher to. fight. My birth right brother*.have-1 protnised too mueh in the dmm of oar mother!la an. the doobt would, be worve thanbfeaphemy. She will take lief place is the-front rank. She will be. A* she.has .been foron*.hundred year*, the <bretao«ttil -the -worldin the eatsw of liberty & #HI 'iUnd herewith her uplifted arm, not only as a barrier,bat the gufdir.g-ktar lores empire, iMehliig'from her feet to th« Wopic». frora the Atlanticto the Paeifio.grander in proportion.etroniWin power.freer in right titan any. whtehha* preceded it.wSteh will divide the rate',ofthe Atlantic he felt on the far-heaving wiVita'of the Pacifl®, and will own the 'Oalfof Mexi'*»aad the bartibean $e«. 1 "r l«

Mr. tVeeldeht, f ppntr before y0*», inbehall of a'portionef thoae "who*tb*Re*e1» tfciaeoming gre»tn«^V«o£' 'jirbo'iafi,/W; ^tielwrong and injtutiee, been dirlVen freUi theirinheritance fo 16* iplgbty pea* ; a»dl aab Vlr'

J?Wl jpy* . -q|'> 4«''j| /if ivj|#.^ rl^vi ,ifiv

-/ "4' iwNffrtjtj !<*f^*^;«&ocHbU de4o«tfo^ fc)*» rtp^ilcat- »Url~%tm of fk* JSortbtm o<fSpaUMfB mliam oi

WPffKf'wbtth k*r* fWnr^A.fwet fate'* Oor«jra*«c$t of fert» i^Mfh,*»**diira Mtn 9wi>^t»ttb4ttdntt th*v Qo?gvo-

MmlgaoiM ft* CayWkT4* Vt»tiif|iTi<|l^aifiglNiliHull 'gUM

lwh|,H iwlifciliiiliwJi^

r. ', '".c

pc.ple of the Sooth at political and oeiileqnnla. No gentlemen I never.never until l>yTnur iiovor. vtiiir irUnil vuur virtue, von cm* r V - * J J'

unfix the unuhanif enhle economy, of U>e Eternil Hod, cnn you make ol the" people, of theNorth and tbe people of the South on« peopleAn irresist bio instinct «>f *elf-preservation hmforced the cotton Siuteato recognise tliia absolute and imperative diversity, and tliey artar>w proceeding-to erect their institutions orits prevent necessity. The Northern State* ar<alto manifesting tbeir recognition of the hdii

diversity by preparing, with the aid of tlxagent* of non slavery, known aa the Army ant

NaT}- of the Uuite-I States, to attempt the tubugation of the Southern States.

I believe tbe question to be decided by yougentlemen, i*. whether Virginia, like the trembling Egyptian, will skulk for shelter bonvatlthe crumbling fragment* of a past greatnessto dwell under the scourge of a haughty, bumean task matter: or whether she will stejforth, and, with one voioe. hush this storm <i

wnr. mid keep the ancient glory of her nam*

The timea must lie far more distempered thainow ; indeed, propheoy dal e not seek, for ican never reach that tuture, when Yirgiuiauwill hesitate to dcoide this question.

Mr. Presiilppt. the pe«'ple «»F South Carolinhave d«'c|.«ivd in the language of the vnrioucompacts between them and their confcder*ates. tliat they have always retained their aov

creignttv and independence; that they, witheir Confederate*, did di legalecertuin powerto a common agent: that, by then confedetates, t'lis compact has been violated, and thGovernment established under it has becotndestructive of *.h« purposes for whioh it wa

established, and it is. therefore, their right tabolish that Government, m> far as it concern

them, an1 institute another. They, have solemnly ordaint-J, and are now, and have fsixty days, been maintaining that ordinateby arms.that ull p litiral connection witthe Government of the United states is dissolved.The admitted rule on which they have r«

sorted to arms is, "That a violation of a p9rfe*right, either committed or committing, or witwhich a people is threatened in the future, juitifies the undertaking of war.amicable mean

having been tried in vain, or when it isevij.-rthat it would be evident that it would be useIiUIA in t.rv «ha! rtluana isiwtTAA ounitifud .< kaa...

JJ.- - «> >"«

to arms."On this rule, the people of South Carolin

have resorted to ariris iu dcfenee of a 4,perf«-«

As I have stated, they have muiotamed thposition for a reasonable time, notwilhatatuing their ohief harbor lian lieen hloaknded, an

their territory invaded ; they have maintaineIt in honor against falsehood and treacherythey maintained it until five millions of pe<pie nud six sovereign States have joined witthem lo form n government, in which, in tlilanguage oi the eminent citizen who hast beeplaced iu the charge of the Executive Deparment of that Government, there can be doul.that "conrtge and patriotism of the pe<>p!of the Confederate States will be found equilit Anv HA* nf nKi/«k Aim hfttii

nnd security may require. Farther obntaclimay retard the progrees of that Governmenbut tliey cannot long prevent the progrce» ofmovement sanctified by n virtuous people.Reverently,let us invoke "he God of our fallen to guide and protect us in our effortsperpetuate the principles which, by his blesIng, they were able to vindicate, establi*h an

transmit to posterity; anil with that contirUHnce of His favor ever gratefully acknowedged, we will hopefully look forward to bucess, peace and pronperily."Believing the righte violated and the inte

erts involved, are identical'with' the rigband interest* of the people of Virginia, a aremambet ing their ancient amity, and thecommon glory, the people of South Caroiirhave instructed roe to ask, earnestly and re

pectfully, thai the people of'Virginia will jothem in the protection of three right* and iiteresta.Mr. President, I luxve performed my missioi

sod do now. in the name of tny Qovernmetitender to thU Convention the . moel oordithanks for their boDorable.con«ideratUm of amission; and id my own behalf. I offer to tlConvention and Ibe ciltsens of Virginia, a

heartfelt gratitude for tbeir noblo eourtesy atmost generous kindneas to myself personally.

4 -i

From the Columbia Auocialed Prss*.Inaugural Address of Frecideat Lmcoh

wasbixotoh, f861.Fellav Cithern of the United Statu :.]

compliance with * custom, as old as the Goiernmsnt iUfclf'I-sppear before you to addreyoti briefly, and Iff take in jour presence' iloath prescribed by the Constitutionof the Unted States, nod to be Uk«n by the President, bfore fee enters on the exectuion of hie office^dd" not consider it necessary. at present, for rto dlsooss tbost matter* of administration abowhich there isno special atriiety or eiiUi-metiApprehension seems to exist among the peeput the Southern fcutes that, by t fee *e*ession.a Republican AcJminiitr»Uo»i,.iheir properind peaoe and personal serorfty *fe to he ei<J*Dj»red. ~Tb<»te imi llever been any rruoobis tiatttrfor aaeh apprehension: 'Indeed, tlnteet ample ayidftnee to themm» bneell (Iwbils ex>si«d.a*d bee«opejrtoihefcjnapeetioU U,found in joee.rly all tb? pub)io speechof hint who now aiidr<»»g you, 1 dd' V<jttote'fro*i '6** tit' tlK*e eps»eh)a* Whfen I delare that I base na-perpoee. direetlv or Mroot It, to htwftw - (be inMitulisn

: V&q» »>believe }Umm,ta«rf(* right to do so. nodhave at laofittatlob W <fo m>. Tho»e who bo*nataMHf dWI>A«* d» *> with*»& knowedge that I li«4 made ibis and many other simu. ' ui'W >*». «w.

"irifrTfittrV tlftw. ikU, t)nj pUcid'ln thiamin(fortor.W * tof,*0f"to >«. tb* aWu rtt*}M<rok %*»<lM»nUt ' »iU .. (frit w.-rt

rV *Mt UM tukinUmiiwe, fn^Mtionii» rigMrof »b« SUt», tort ecpwMly ^

orih* Uv\*9* Pj «na«d fc*o» qtf tbe *

; "

reclaiming of what we call future slave*, nn<1(lie intern ion oi the law given* is U»« law. All

{members of Congress swear their support tothe vf)»ole Constitution, to., this provision, as] mnoh as to any ether. To the proposition.1 then, that slaves whoso cases come within theterms of this olnuse, shall he delivered up, their

i oaths are unanimous. Now. if they wouldmake '.he effort in good temper, could they not! with nearly equal unanimity frame and pass ft

* law hv mnnnn of «M«h In k»n </ "" - vr fkV** +

unanimous oath? There is some dlHetence of]t opinion whethef tliis clause should be enforced, by national or by State authority ; but surely

that difference is not * very material one ; if# the slave is to be surrendered, it can he of but* little conuqaonoe to him or to others by whloh- authority it is done; and should »ny one in

any one be oontent that his oath shall go unkeptt n a merely unsubstantial controversy as' to how it shall be kept t Again, in any .law

upon this subject, ought" hot all the safeguardsof liberty known ip civilized and humane jurisi,prudence ta be introduced, so that a free man

t be not in any enso surrendered a* a slave. andmight it net. be well, »t the same time, to proPvide hy law for the enforcement of that clause

f in the Conititiitiou which guarantee* that "the!. eitieens of each State shall be entitled to all. privileges ami immunities of citizens in the

several States."I take the official ontli to-day with no mental

8 reservations, and with no purpose to construethe Constitution or laws bv any hypocritical

1 T .1.. -1-1 -r-U ruir> i aim wunr i u<> iiui uiioiiiip now 10 »[it?ciiy

particular acts of Con^rent an proper to be en*force-l. I do sugCHi Hint it will lie much safer~ for nil, liotli in offloial and private stations. lo

conform to and aliid* hy nil those act* whichI, Mm ml unrepealed than t<> violate any of lliein,

truHiinf? lo find Impunity in having them held to4 he unconstitutional,

Ii in seventy iwo yen is »iuc» the first jnanyuuration of a President under onr Nntinnnl Cotistietnlimi. During thai pet i«d. fifteen diffe ent andgreatl-* diatimrundied citizen* have in succession

9 adminl*t*red I he Executive brunch of the Govo eminent. They hav« conducted it throughis many peril*, him] generally with ereat success.

Yet. Willi "II iIiIk ai:"p» for precedent, I now enler upon the nam* t ank for Ihe brie*" f'oiiMitu.

r lioiiiif term ««f four years, under treat nod pecu«*liar i'ifflcitlii'-c. A dirroption of th- F»-iler*lh Union, heretofore mentioned, is now fnrniid«id>

ntl'-niftrd I hold that. in uunlfiitpl-iiion 01universal law mid of the Con-tiiutioo. th->Union of the»s State is psr|wtu>il. Perpetuityis implied, if not expre»8ed, in the fundamental

:t law of national Governments. It is snie to ni«.tort ilmt. nn f <iv«irt>i»i**nt. vrnmap »uf « «i«i-' visions in its organic law for it* own termination

* Continue to execute all the pxt>r<-its provis'ona ofi8 oor national Constitution Hiid th- Union will entdure forever; it heioir im|tos*ih e to ileatroy it

except by mime action not provided for in (!instrument itself. Again. if the United Males

'l I. not m Government uroper, but an associationof >tru»n in ili«< nntnre of contruct merelt. onn

. it, nan contract, lie pr>ictic«hly unmade by 'esstlian nil tlia parties wli"» made it? On** party1 In a contend nniy violnte it l>r«-hk it, on t<> spe.ik.but d<>^s it not requite all to l.i wlully rescind it |

is Descending front these genet al principle*. we

j. find this proposition, that in legal complication,. the Uu»on is perpettt'il, tiunfiriind b\ the Union

it«elf. The Union i* much ol<ler limit tlie ('cm<1atilution; itWHaforti.nl in fact by the at tides; of association in 1774. It was matured ami con

., tinnd bv ilio Ueuluratton of Inilcepndenre iuh l<r76'

It was ftirtli-r matured and the faith of allthese thirteen States expressly pledged and «untrag-H that it should be pai-pi linil. The Articles

t- of Confederation in 1778. and finally in 1787,jt one of tlta "declared object* for ordaining and

establishing the Constitution «ra« to form a moreperfect Union. But if destruction of I lie Union

*1 by one or by a part only of the States Iw law.}r fuliy possible, the. Union is less perfect than befifore.the Constitution having lost tite vital elementof parpetnity. li follows from these views' that no ^tute. upon its own mere motion, can

lawfully go out of the Union ; that resolves andordinances to lhat effect are legally void, andthat acts of violence within any State or Stateaagainst the authority of the United Stales, me^ insurrectionary or revolutionary, according to

s circumstances. 1, therefore, consider that, inI(J view of the Constitution and the laws, the Un

ion is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability,I shall lake cajr<v as the Constitution itaelf exI'preasly enjoins upon me, that the law* of thec- Union be faithfully executed iu nil the States..Doiutfthis. I deem to be only a simple duty on

ipy part* and I shall perfo/m it, so far as practicable,* til Biy rightful master, the Americant* people, shall withhold ihf rrquirite irteans.KJr,d in soma Hiuliqrised manner, 4ir,rct the contrary.;r -1 trust litis will not be regarded ti a mentice, but

-as ihr 1'eclared purpose of the Union, that it.will'* coiislitoiionully (defend aud maintniu ncelf. Ins* doinir tliis;-thweTieed be no b!oedsl>erfor violence,in and there shall be none, quit** it b« ftxced uponllf national authority. The power confided 10n"

me will lie u«e<Hd hold, oocnpy'and portess thep>uporby «n:i piacri oeiougiug JO the UOVe n*

q, ineut, and tocollsct tbe dmies and impoei*, butbeyond what may hi necessary for these objects,| there Will be no invasion, no axing of force* »gmin«t or iniont :lie peoplr nnywhet*. Where

>7 hostility to'tlte United Stales in any interior loteeafity shall be so grent end so" unusual as to pre,yTent competent resident citizen* from bo,ding, the Federal offifcet, tliere will be no attempt it

force obnoxious strangers arn«Mig'thr people foribafcobjeo'. While the strict legal right mayexist in the Government to enforce the exerciseof these ofBoea. the tempi to do m> would be

Irrational, and so nearly impracticable withal,1, that | deein it better to forego for the time the

tnea.or%OeH"of!b£". The mki!i>, tnilene repelled,will continue tojb^ furnished .in 4U puf«e of the

!n Pnion. So far, af poftwhle, the peopfe everywherei- shaHliiiva thai sense of p*rCr**t security which isse moat favorable to cool thought and reflection..ie The course here indicated will hn followrd, nui.low emrrent ai'«t «K»il ..

e- modification or cbanv# to be proper; and inI every rue and «-*igeucy, my be»t discretion will

tf he >*«rc>«pil according toclicnmitan'je* actuallyat nifiiug,nq(t villi e »i#w mid « |»«>pe of priceit. ful >iolu.ir>n of il»e national troubles. Mid lh« rrntole ration 01 fraternal nympathirs ihil Aft- etinn*of ,'Thnt'f.brre »r« poisons > one section or nn..ilifij wUv sct-k 10 dqstmy ihV Uuina at all ev*nti>, and

u any pretext Ui'ilo ii?l willg. affirm of d«nv, Itu* »f ttj>«e b» sneh, I nred «d10 dw» ijo a;«ird to Uitini To Up***, lil'WrVrr. wh«>

ft ' tlic Union, may I not speakH. nteiHii*. upou io(ra«* i matter hs th« <Wtrw.et«wii of our national labrk}, wuh all iu brpetiu,ut lie NMMUftM, W hopes f WtHlld il no I Im> wise

:trt.i»see*iaw precieety why arc -do h t.- Will yon||. h: sard en d«»p«rate a step wJmIs-there ia any0f possibility that anv portfem of tbe *»1 jou fly..j from bavn no >«it 4ai*&-n«*.t " Willi V»U. "wllllrI th« ceroiu ill* jtmi Uj io *»e greater lima all

|. llM r«AlOBM >u>i fky* ftotu. Will JT'rtJ fUk lh«nowinaiMton ul ao Onrfe) n I Alt (Hrotrw

i i(> U ifiniiranr ift ft* Uutob, ifkll oiiniiiuiMmlrlcbii e«ii be niHtptaM'' I« ik irutt lb*.n,-Uwi' itiiy ri«h', pliMtly wiU"'i <u >fa« i'winliiuiion liu* It 4 ienirdr I fhiu> H*t.

^ VrthWn m lid liifco cO"»liloK*<i.MP r««ch W tile auiauitv of ilo.i«MfLhiC. TJiink, «l n « l>XT** in»l«iM*, intinMrtivivp'i inly «*Vitl$fe |»roTiiioh r>f (!)#"<$>»

>*fd««W* M i>y *hfr*;.jn^ fcie*. of iiumfora* majority ahoula dtcjknVliii'lniJibl'tlv ^m tli'trl* Wr1»iJn rn

of j it mitthi. in m m<>r«J |x»int .-of

»n w>t:«uv ea*v! Alt' Ute vital r\ftktm W mi*«ri

- «i?S?3&PSStiunsMfeAK

ever n majority refuses to be controlled by suchminority. For instance, why may not anyportion of * newrConfederacy, a year or twohence, arbitrarily.- swccd* again, pfi-oitely as,portions of the present IJnion now clam to Kitcedefrom it f All who cherish disunion ntitnents,are no > being educated to the exacttemper of doinc thia

la th»ro such perfect identity of intere*tamonir the States lo compoae n new Union topromote harinonj' only, and prevent renewedr=ece«*ionf Plainly the central idea of secessionia the essemce of anarchy. A niHjorityheld in restraint by constitutional checks andlimitntions, ar.«l always changing easily withdeliberate changes of popular opinions ands<-ntimoil I*, is the only true sovereign of a freepeople. Whoever rejects it, does of necessity,fly to anarchy or despotism. Unanimity isimpossible. The rule of minority, as a permanentrrargement, is wholly inadmissahle ; sothat, rejecting the majority principle, anarchyor despotism in some form, is all that i3 lfft, Ido not forget the position assumed by some,that constitutional questions are to he decidedfiv ill** Simr«»mp Court. \nr <l<t T ilnnv ilmfsiK'li decisions must lie binding in ntiv cose

opoii the parties to a suit. A» to the object ofthat suit. while the- are also entitled t<» veryhigh respect and consideration in all parii'lelcase* hy all other departments of the Govern-ment; and while il I* obviously passible tliptsuch decision mny he eironeou* in any givenrasp. mtill the ovil effect following lis hein(£limited l<> meet that particular case, with the.chance that It mny be over ruled aud neverbecomo o precedent for oilier cases, can belterbe borne than eouhl tlie evils of n differentpractice. Ai tlie same time llie candid citizenmust confess Hint, if the policy of ihti Governmentupon vital questions nff«-ctiii(; M.e wholepeople in to be irrevocably fixed by decisionsof t lie Supreme Courts, the instant tliev are)mail" in ordinary 1 iti^ution between |uuLk>s inpersons! actions, tlie people will have ceasedto be their own ruler«. having to that extent!practically resigned their (ioveruinent into thehand* of that eminent t.-i- until. Nor is therein this view. a»y niMin the court and| judifi-s 1» is a duty fioin winch they may notshrink to d« eii'e caiis of piope-ty fought tie- !fore ihem. and it is -io In nit of ilieiis if otl.ersseek to liirn their d*ci>'o|is to political ptirpo-

;»cs One eeel'on of oil" country ' 'it-ve® slaverv i» r: 'lit an ! night to h" extend.'d. while 11.«-oilier l.« :«v.'« if is wronir and oii^ht tint to b"» xten.)- .l This is the only «u'i<taiitiAl dispute,An lo tli * fugitive slave chimin of the ConstitII-lion mid the law for ibe suppression of the for-eijrn niave trade, (as nearly os any law anever I.e ill a fmi.nitlfi'V w here the moral mji.eeof llie people iniperlevlly supports tin* lawilsel'.) the j»reat body of the people a'»idethe dry lei/al oliliuntion in both eases, and .1 tfeu l>reak nriTkkoIi. I think the*- i-uinot. Ii.«pcrl- cllv cured, niial it would be »'ni> in ImlliCi<f»e«. sf'ler (lie separation of the feel inns limnbefore. "1 lie foreign slave trade j> now iuiper-feet I v snpere^ed. and would he ultimately re->vlvitl wit limit re>iirii*i inn hi «n»« Se-tion, whilefugitiveslave*. now oiil\* parltalU suo endured.would 1101 lie inirri'iiilt'r"d lit nil liy the other,Physically speaking. we cannot separate.wecannot remove our respective sections fromchisIi oilier, nor build hii impassable wall betweenthem. A husband ami wife may he divorc'ri. and go ool of the prer-ence and beyondthe reach of each other, hut I ho different purlsof our country cannot <lo this They cannotbut leinniii luce to face, and intercourse. citheramicable or hostile, must continue betweeniliein. In it possible, then, to make ih it interoonr»^more idvan>m»enu<« or more satisfactoryafter separation than before I Can aliens muketreities easier than friends can make laws?Oan treaties ho more faithfully enforced betweenaliens than laws can among friend* tSuppose you go to war, you eaui'Ot fight always,and when, after much loss on L^th sides,and no train on either, y<-u cease fighting, tboidentical old question, as to terms of intercourse arc again upon yon. This eountry, withits institutions, belou a tolhs people who inhabit it. Whenever the}* shall grow weary ofthe existing Government, they can exercise theConstitutional ricrht to anient! it, or the revolntionary*right to d.smeojber 01 overthrow it. Icannot be ignorant of the fact that inanypatriotic citizens are desirous of having theunuuimi vuiiBiiiiitiuu ninenaeti. While I tmikeno recommendation of amendment, I fulI3,*recognize the rightful authority of the peopleoyer the whole suWjeot, to be exorcised ill eitherof the'modes presented in the instrumentitself, and I should under existing circumstances.favor rather than oppose a fair opportuuitv-being aflfurded the people to act upon it. Iwill venture to-add that to me the conventionMode seems preferable,, in that it allowsamendments to originate witii the people themselrea, inslend of only permitting them to takeor rep«Lpr">po»itious originated by others notespecially chosen for the purpose, and whichmight not be precisely such as they wouldwish to e ther acccpt or refuse. I understanda proposed amendment to the Constitution,which amendment, however, I hav» not seen,nivt jmrwru UOIigrers, m vne enr<5L mat Uie Koderal Government shall never interfere with theHorn stfo instil utiomi of the States, includingtbntot persons held to aervioe.To avoid misconstruction of what I hove

said, I depart from my purpose not to speakof particular amendment*, so far as to any that,holding such a provision to pow he the impliedconstruction of the law, I have no objection to

being made exprer* and irevocnhla The.Chief Magistrate derives nil his authority from"the people, pnd'they have conferred none uponhim to nx terms fur the separation of the States.The people theraae' ves «an do this also if the)'choose, but the Executive, us such, has nothingto do with it; hie duty is to administer thepresent Government «a it came to his hand*,and to transmit it unimpaired by him l'> hissuccessor. Why should there not be a patientconfidence in wht» ultimate-justice of tin- people?Is there any bat ter or equal hope in theworld ? 'In our prea«nt ^ifTerehres. is eitherparty yiihout faith ol being in the rjght ?M»y tfii' AlliiigtitV Ruler of nation*, with hiseU-rital truth, be ou your aide of rhe North, orou '.ouiiuf the ^ouili 1 hat truth mid thatjuilice wil'Miiviy pJVVrtil ill- judgment ofIll-it jifeut. I rililihnl, the Amnricnii people. Byllie form <>t kUVeliilDviit u.i|<|rl \ilin:|i we live,11.?» mine li i'v< tviiii-iy u!t«iiiMr|inb1ieervaHtp It>tie |K>wt-r for UiI, aixlhave \% !l« qutii \i it>>j»in pr«>viuid t->r tlie return*nf It hi. little in rfi'tsr own hiitnlit At. v«rv#ti«m itit<*ry*l»»' Wiul* the peoplo rof.iHi thrii

| virtue uiufclimnwirntiwi, l«y *nvf exi!en:«- «»» wu'tc«lii«s» *>r*l<»ll> oan v. iy wririoiMt)' Injure the Gi»V«»riiri;iiit in I!»'- *Horitul tuur V C,ll V- :Hy UUllUllpU!li,J |l«ll)kunllliilly Mllii *«-ll llJ'Oll I his wJllllv Dlilljl-I'l. )

* Nothing vwloatitc chiiii* Iimm »>y tnkliigI ,JLI tkv1'*' hurry iimv «l you i>.hot hn*i<< to a »tr|. winch ymi wo.iini tti-vert»kc df iiberii'Vly. tIr4t «il.j«-vi will !>« 'frij»(. i»tfii f

uy imUiiui a». gvud nlg^ct jl/h l>t>' .frustrated l»y ii. hueh iif you R.-t »rc d Mufti a-

fiwl (lilt, the oiit C"in*t4tutruri «tiini|>aiiv<i,HU«I Ilia Mt«UIVr J'QMit liu- lnwu ut^iiurown (ruining umier It, W.litv- I lie itrw adiniiil* :

tratiert Hilt M<ri no letutdv, tf it uhouiil johftiucr ejUn-r.v-i« it were adorned <bm you*_!../T. j. «i... ....i.i .1.1 .Lw«iu mr uwtvivuru nviu «» rijjuv Fine ill iue

d*|<ulf, thrtte 7* ih> Ifltflf gdod lvt«ort Kir |»r«*OfiW' « >Vu., l»felli|{t:Mc«r-p«triwii<iei, ohm

; umiiIV. mii(1 V«rin reliance on Itim wliu !;«n**ir;'fi>r#i»k>i» tlii*"1 Moored Jtiwf, nrir^till, <wN*fM«*fcto »dju»i ill our pr^Miat) fiicttUie*.

Ijo ^oi)r-L»itiia. uiv 4'iMHiiHed fritndg mid ix/untfymeii.»nd iiot iu mine. i» the tin niontous j»-- ** war, Thi Government will uofcaaMi jou. Yuu cud litvc no conflict witUoutfi*ing,'yuur»*iv«.* ike nggret*dr«. y»>ur hltve «o

; k»tfcvi»g*Ur«d inil«tv.(B u> d«0Vf°>' U»«Q©tO^BMwfc so/tfBanMlDptefrt, protect arid defwnd' it. I «m

»|<Oi b«u*«« tfa^troor* «Wt ORM&fo

>*I>»UIKU U TIM d^Mir vMrtfe of-.'

^^3w^gry4t»>erery loflijfjk?Jr^i^o«eJto&mP oof bttM- tahifvur yrt «#^l the

3BSW535SSS5!$.

r t

Ji|e ftbbebilieABBEVILLE, S. O. '

W. A. LEE, ESITOB.I 4

Friday Morning, March 8. 1861.

tar The friends of CAPT. JESSIE JAY,announce him as a Candidate for MAJOR ofthe Lower Buttalion of the Eighth RegimentS. C. M.

THE PEACE COXVEBKirCB.As all expected, the Peace Conference at

Washington failed in effecting anything 4ati»frtctoryto the South. The Conference adjournedon the 27th ult, tin* die.

We would direct the attention of purchasersto advertisement of Messrs. Black A Frank!.!*,of Cokesbury, who now offer a large stoek #goods at prices to suit the times. Give theman early call.

ATLANTA MEDICAL COLLEGE.We would direct efpeciulattention to the advertisementof the Atlanta Medical. This collegeaffords every facility, and deserves the patronageof the Southern people.

MAJOBAKDEIMOH.Washington. March 5 .M»jor Anderson up

to the 4th insl., has continued to epeak of hiscunditiun uss^fe. He expresses the opiniont'.iiti reinforcement bad better not be sent toliim.

ABKAN8AS FOB SECESSION.We presume there is no further doubt abont

the State of Arkansas secsding from the UnitedSt*tec. and joining the Confederate States..'Pi. ii t -«. in win en targe uie eeope ui our Territory,add much to our strength an a nation.

military elections.The following is the result of the rccentele»»

I inn lor F eld Officer* iu the Seventh RegimentSouth Carolina, Volunteers in Abbeville und

Diptricts:Colonel.Tiiom.w Raoox, of Edgefield.Lt. Colonel.It. A. Faib, of Abbeville.Major.LImmkt 3eibi.es, of Edgefield.

lieutT colonelWe are pleaa»-d to Mnnounee to our reader*

that R. A. Faib, K.<q., of our Village, hasbeencircled to t he office of Lt. Colonel^ in the SeventhRegiment of South Carolina Voluuleera.in Abbeville and Edgefield District. lie isjust the man to fill the office, and we know thatno better detection could have been inade.

NORTH CAROLINA. ELECTIONS.The accounts of the recent eleotions in

North Curutinaaru so contradictory that weare nnablr to form a correct idea of the result.We fear, however, that "Old Rip" has notheensufficiently arouseil to a sense of her danger lothrow off the yoke of Black Republican rule.

THE P08TAGE ACT.It will he seen l#y reference to the Postage

Act. which paused the Southern Congress a fewdays Hgo, that the rates of postage has beet*considerably increased. Postage on lettera willbe five cent* instead of three cents, asunderthe old regime. Postage on papers publishedweekly within the State cents per quarter '

in advance. Daily papers six times thi>tamount. See the Act in full on our first pagf.

HOW. J. 8. PBESTON'8 SPEECH.We huve the pleasure tliis week of presentingto our readers the address, in part, of lion.

Joiik S. I'brjtok, our Commissioner to the VirginiaConvention. li has received the highestencomiums from all uho have seen -aud readit, aud we feel satisfied that none of our read*ers will fail to give it a perusal.

LIBCOLJT8 CABINET.The following are the members of Abe Li*»

coin's Caliinet:Secretary of Slate.W. II. Seward, of Nt*

York. ^ «Tio

Secretary of Treatury..S. P. Cms*, ofOhio.

Secretary of War.Simon Camebok, af Pcnu*sylvania.

Secretary of Navy.S. Wella.Secretary of Interior.C. SiilTii, of Indiana,PoU Matter General.M. BlaIS, of Maryland.

SALE DAT.About the usual number vera in attendaoae

last Sale Daj. Considerable property was ax;ponoil to sale, and w,as bid off at reduced prices.The valuable bouse and lot of Mr. II. T.Tustes, was sold for tbe sum of $'2,000, at 60days rime.Mr. W. James Lovax; tbe purchase«r. This house and lot would ltave broughtmure than doable that amount six or eightmonth' ago. A like uegm woman about tweo.ty yenrs, with hej, child four .years ,of age.WHi soil] for $1,2<H), cii«b. Other negroes warosold alvout the »*me proportion.

OyR COURT.. .

This week onr Court is in session, his Honor,Judtcti Gloved presiding. The Judge', with'his

r unual ofturtesy to tiie'Brir, dispatches tha* busi|» e*» Hi m speedy meaner. The old business of

i;th» Oowj-tj i<»uetU4r With the n«jrjjw»U op<)»PyMit cntiru ye.>e(fWe bore rery few Statqca<eS;Hiiti I bene of not much importance. TheSolicitor, lion. J. P. Keed, will hava but lit.tir- io da.' ' - - r

\Y>- Ii.ive hud fine*w<>'ft'lher daring Um pfescDiw.ck. e»i'»ptn few March'winds. The atjeii.isucewud »lx>uf th« baaal number, ^nd;w*snoted fur iU uuuaual sobriety and QjiierJ^/too*duet.W notice Vhe foDowirtg1 Vifltftfjr 6<»hib**il of

the U«r from the rHjiinlnj ITimlita.:.PIT*^ullivam and U. L. JIcGowan, of Ltwcii;CN*y Sintycjftif tifrforrf; f't. tfigif i.

O. (V^wfaiwoii »kd 4on^fanuitiw«< of4t.dra.'»; -4^ yiiipanutnoli VMiqwMb^

. W^ufcT...,OM,coju maugurwl m a d*ol*r«tion of wir." n..b. Joi.6 tui »ifra*b4-,iirh« T^nwU

eeto pr#^rrfb*#ar ^the'^ert''»«lW ofpmreqfclag it. ^uSAeOoelifeeei of. He^r?Xe*k,and mtoy North*ri^I>«iQoe^tv*^.*H»g ofthe Jp*

awss^aaim.

miill*^ |uwH."\ffloo. M.rtm ^£f^Tor4» ^eorgt^n. of

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