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Lewis Structures and Chemical
Bonding
Valence Electrons
The electrons that exist in the outermost electron shell of an atom
We can determine the number of valence electrons by drawing out electron configuration diagrams OR by looking at periodic table groups
Because Oxygen is in group 6, it has 6 valence electrons
Lewis Dot Structures
Lewis Dot Structures are diagrams that show how many valence electrons an atom of an element has
These structures also help show bonding between elements
To draw a lewis dot structure, you need to first know how many valence electrons an atom has
Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons so you will have 5 dots in your diagram
How to Draw the Lewis Dot
Structure for Cl
Determine the Element’s Atomic
Symbol
Determine how many valence
electrons Cl has
Start by drawing one dot at the top and move around the symbol counter clockwise until you’ve used up all of your available valence electrons
Chemical Bonding
What is Chemical Bonding?
The attraction between atoms that allows for the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms
Covalent Bonding
Bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms
Water (H2O)Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)
How We Determine
Covalent BondsAtoms are “happiest” when they have 8 valence electrons
If an atom has less than 8 valence electrons, it will try and bond with atoms that fulfill those 8 valence electrons
Oxygen has 6 valence electrons, so it needs to find 2 more valence electrons to complete its outer shell
Hydrogen happens to have 1 valence electron
Oxygen bonds with 2 hydrogen atoms to complete its outer shell to form H2O (water)
The lines between H and O represent the sharing of an electron
Ionic BondingBond in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract one another