Leveraging Model Driven Architecture® for Model Driven

Systems Engineering

MARC 2004

Richard Mark Soley, Ph.D.Chairman and CEO

Exploring MDA

• What is Model Driven Architecture (MDA)?

• Where did MDA come from?

• How does MDA affect software development?

• Is there a general pattern?

• MDA for Systems Engineering

A Short OMG Review

The Global Information Appliance

Not too bad for electrical power

…but a mess for telephony!

OMG’s Mission Since 1989

• Develop an architecture for (software) integration, with standards focused on:– reusability of components– interoperability & portability– basis in commercially available software

• Specifications freely available• Implementations exist• Member-controlled not-for-profit

Who Are OMG?

Alcatel

AT&T

ATLAS Elektronik

BAE Systems

BEA

Borland

Boeing

CA

DaimlerChrysler

EDS

Fujitsu

General Dynamics

Hewlett Packard

Harris

Hitachi

Hyperion

IBM

IONA

iO Software

Kennedy Carter

Lockheed Martin

MedicAlert

MITRE

Motorola

NASA

NEC

NIST

Northrop Grumman

Oracle

Raytheon

SAP

Sun Microsystems

SWIFT

Telefonica

THALES

The Open Group

Unisys

US DoD

Visa

W3

Adoption Process

OMG: An Consistent History

1989: Founded

1990: CORBA 1

1995: CORBA 2

1996: Vertical specs

1997: UML 1

2001: MDA

2003: UML 2

The MDA Initiative

1996: OMG Creates vertical initiatives

1997: Unified Modeling Language 1.0 arrives

2001: Model Driven Architecture Initiative begins

2003: Unified Modeling Language 2.0

2004: Verticals, Embedded

Generalizing the pattern

Model Driven Architecture

• An initiative of the Object Management Group (OMG)

• A brand for tools based on OMG’s UML and MOF open standards

• A set of specifications defined by OMG’s open, worldwide process.

The Model Driven Architecture

• OMG’s Model Driven Architecture (MDATM) initiative is aimed precisely at the problem of long-lived & expensive assets

• The opportunity is to increase your bottom line by integrating your assets: software, data, people, processes, and others

• MDA standards support that goal by future-proofing your designs• The MDA will help you integrate what you have today, and give

you an architecture to support the unexpected• Integrate what you have, with what you build• Models are the core; design is the focus• MDA supports technology-independent design• The aim: a 20-year architecture• There is a general pattern that can be applied

Model Driven Architecture

OMG’s Modeling Suite

• Unified Modeling Language– UMLTM remains the world’s only standardized object-oriented modeling

language, best-known part of the standard

• Common Warehouse Metamodel– CWMTM, the integration of the last two data warehousing initiatives

• Meta-Object Facility– MOFTM, the metadata integration standard– Defines metadata & metadata services

• XML Metadata Interchange– XMITM, the XML-UML standard– Cornerstone of UML tool interoperability– Actually just a collection of mapping rules XML/MOF

• Software Process Engineering Model (SPEM)– Helps integrate development artifacts across methodologies

Development Concept

From Computation-Independent Model

To Platform-Independent Model

To Platform-Specific Model

Like most engineering activities, MDA-based development is the activity of generating more concrete implementations from higher-level (more abstract) specifications. The number of “levels” is not fixed, but rather a matter of one’s perspective.

Leveraging UML is Critical

• The Unified Modeling Language is the successor to the dozens of OO A&D notations of the early ’90s.

• Result of an OMG adoption begun in ’96 and completed in ’97

• Complemented with repository (MOF) and XML Metadata specs (XMI)

• Standardization primed the market– Over 200 books, in many languages– Dozens of commercial tools– Widely available training

• Supported by an open process– UML 2.0 & MOF 2.0 developed openly

UML Usage Statistics

2058

188 All

Some

Never

Previously

42

40

135 All

Some

Never

Unsure

Source: BZ Research, August 2004

Current use of UML

Plans for future use use of UML

Why Use UML?

25

39

40

51

69

0 20 40 60 80

Fewer Defects

Faster Development

Easier to maintain

Better Requirements

Match

Improve P roject

Communications

Source: BZ Research, August 2004

UML & MDA Books Proliferating

UML Certification Program (OCUP)

OMG/UTI UML Certification Program

Started November 2003

Worldwide (English & Japanese)

Books available in Japanese & German

Three levels of accomplishment

Focused on UML 2.0

MDA FastStart

Fast introduction to MDA technologies– Initial project selection and planning– Consulting– Mentoring– Training– Tested, tried & true partners

MDA is Proven in Software Development

• Many excellent proofs-of-concept:– Banks, railroads, trading, insurance,

manufacturing, healthcare, etc.– Adopted by UN/CEFACT, SWIFT, ACORD,

HL7 and other key standards players

• Careful studies prove the point– The Middleware Company (TMC)– Electronic Data Systems (EDS)

MDA for Joint Warfighting

• Later today Captain Wilson will brief “A Model Driven Architecture Approach to Provide Joint Warfighting Capability”– Joint Single Integrated Air Picture (SIAP) is a

complex enterprise integration problem– MDA integrates representations of

battlespace across warfighting systems– Core model is Integrated Architecture

Behavior Model– Will be used across systems, platforms

The Middleware Company

• Two 3-person teams implementing Sun’s Pet Store– Typical 3-tier e-commerce, Sun Java Blueprints

• 35% cost savings using MDA tool– Traditional tools: 508 man-hours– MDA tools: 330 man-hours

TMC Conclusions

“We encourage organizations that wish to improve their developer productivity to evaluate MDA-based development tools for their projects, especially those involving enterprise-class applications and web services … the productivity benefits gained from the approach — especially for work on subsequent applications — make the effort significantly worthwhile.”

Most interesting result: bugs found by traditional team were higher-level – MDA tools allow shakeout of high-level design much earlier in the development process.

http://www.compuware.com/dl/MDAComparisonTMCfinal.pdf

Electronic Data Systems study

• Three parallel implementations– J2EE: 14,000 hand-coded lines– .Net/C#: 4,000 hand-coded lines– OptimalJ: 600 hand-coded lines

• Conversion from J2EE 1.1-2.0– Projected: several months– Using OptimalJ: 30 minutes

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Total UI Mid-tier Data-tier Config

J2EE

.NET

MDA

EDS Coding Results

EDS Conclusions

“MDA helps organizations achieve agile and adaptable IT so they can overcome ... business challenges. Through this evolutionary approach, collaborative teams can enjoy a wide range of compelling business benefits:• Rapid inclusion of emerging technology benefits into existing systems • Reduced cost throughout the application life cycle• Reduced development time for new applications• Increased return on technology investments • Improved application quality”

http://www.eds.com/thought/thought_leadership_agility_model_arch.pdf

MDA is a general pattern

• There is a general pattern to MDA:– Discover multiple syntaxes for a single

semantic– Derive & design a model which underlies that

semantic– Develop transformations between

those models

Why Apply MDA?

• For vendors, leveraging products into patents, systems engineering, business process…

• For end-users, leveraging people, training and process

• Discover, derive, design

• Retarget as technology changes

Business Process Modeling

• Beginning of 2005 will feature new specifications:– Business Process Metamodel– BPM interface standards for interoperability– Business Rules Model

UML in Patents?

• The most exciting area for extension: UML as a business tool

• Patents in the US and Europe already depend on UML to explain processes and design

• Should UML be taught inbusiness schools? Yes!

MDA in Systems Engineering

• Late in 2004, or early 2005, a new UML-based specification for Model-Driven Systems Engineering (SE):– Integrated hardware/software design– Integrated planning/engineering

Motivation: Why Apply MDA

• Systems Engineers need a common, robust language for analyzing, specifying, designing, verifying and validating systems

• Many different modeling techniques already exist– Behavior diagrams, IDEF0, N2 charts, …

• General purpose language must:– satisfy broad set of modeling requirements (behavior, structure,

performance, …)– integrate with other disciplines (s/w, h/w, …)– be scalable– be adaptable to different SE domains– be supported by multiple tools

A Joint OMG/INCOSE Project

• Joint INCOSE / Object Management Group (OMG) Initiative to extend UML for SE

• Systems Engineering Domain Special Interest Group kickoff in July ’01 thanks to Dave Oliver, with focus:– Extending UML to to systems engineering (MDA->MDSE)– Aligning with ISO AP-233 Systems Engineering data interchange

standard to support tool interoperability

• RFI (information gathering) began in ‘02• RFP (definition) process began March ’03• Already a successful partnership:

– INCOSE brings SE focus to OMG– OMG brings MDA focus to INCOSE

Why Apply MDA to MDSE?

• UML is de facto standard within software engineering community, and being applied to other communities

• UML and other OMG specs are extensible, and can be adapted to support SE requirements

• UML tools and training are widely available– Shared language for end-users– Wider market for vendors

• Open OMG standardization processsupports UML customization for specific domains

Joint INCOSE/OMG DSIG Charter

• Create a semantic bridge between ISO 10303-233 standard and ISO/IEC 19501 UML standard

• Create UML extended modeling language for specifying, designing, and verifying complex systems using profiles, or other extensibility mechanisms.

• Provide capability for rigorous transfer of specifications and related information among tools used by systems, software and hardware engineers

• Bridge the semantic gap, the professionalengineering discipline gap, and the training gap that exists between systems engineering and software engineering

SysML: The MDSE Standard

• First critical MDA standard focused on systems engineering

• A UML extension that is a general purpose modeling language for specifying, analyzing, designing and verifying systems

• Activity chartered in ’01• RFP issued in March ’03• 1.0 adoption planned for 1Q05• Prototypes already being shown

SysML Partners

• Single joint submission to the OMG process, an informal partnership of industry, vendors, government

– organized in May 2003 to respond to UML for Systems Engineering RFP

– define Systems Modeling Language (SysML™) to customize UML 2 to support the specification, analysis, design, verification and validation of complex systems

SysML Partners

• Industry– American Systems, Astrium Space, BAE SYSTEMS, Boeing,

Deere & Company, Eurostep, Israel Aircraft Industries, Lockheed Martin, Motorola, Northrop Grumman, oose.de, Raytheon, THALES

• Tool Vendors– Artisan, Ceira, Gentleware, IBM/Rational, I-Logix, PivotPoint

Technology, Popkin, Project Technology, 3SL, Telelogic, Vitech

• Liaisons and Organizations– AP-233, CCSDS, EAST, INCOSE, Rosetta

• Government– DoD/OSD, NASA/JPL, NIST

Modeling Requirements

• Structure– e.g., system hierarchy, interconnection

• Behavior– e.g., function-based behavior, state-based behavior

• Properties– e.g., parametric models, time property

• Requirements– e.g., requirements hierarchy, traceability

• Verification– e.g., test cases, verification results

• Other– e.g., trade studies, spatial relationships

Design Approach

• Reuse and extend UML 2.0– select the subset of UML 2.0 that is reusable for SE

applications– add new constructs and diagrams needed for SE– UML2++--

• AP-233 alignment– align with evolving AP-233 SE Data Interchange

Standard

• Incremental development – extend the language incrementally, using SE

feedback to ensure new extensions are valid

Finishing Now

• INCOSE/OMG Partnership is nearing its first product– Joint SysML specification– Joint ownership of name & spec– “Finalization” and revision– Next steps: find other specs where SE

influence is important:• Simulation & test• MOF• Executable UML

Don’t Forget!

• See the demonstrations in the demo table area, including SysML prototype

• Captain Wilson talk on MDA for Warfighting today

• Mark Schaeffer keynote tomorrow• Leverage your INCOSE voice at OMG

To Get More Information

• SysML Partners: http://www.sysml.org/ • OMG SE DSIG: http://syseng.omg.org/ • MDA Information Page: http://www.omg.org/mda/ • OMG General Information: http://www.omg.org/ • Contact the Author: soley@omg.org

http://www.omg.org/~soley/mdase.ppt