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Regulation and Homeostasis in the Human Body:Overview
How do Humans and other complex mammals maintain homeostasis? They must carry out all needed life functions in a coordinated way. What does our species need to accomplish?Growth Repair of injuriesGet energy Get building materialsGet rid of waste Keep away diseaseRespond to changing environmentReproduce
Eleven Body Systems work together to maintain homeostasis and carry out these tasks:1. Nervous System 2. Endocrine System 3. Lymphatic System 4. Circulatory System5. Respiratory System 6. Digestive System 7. Excretory System8. Skeletal System 9. Muscular System 10. Integumentary System 11. Reproductive System
1. Nervous System: Structures: Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves, Neurons (Cells of nervous system)Functions: Coordinates the bodys response to changes to internal and external environment
2. Endocrine System Hormone SystemStructures: Glands - Hypothalmus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries (in females), testes (in males)Functions: Produce Hormones. Controls growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction
3. Lymphatic System Immune SystemStructures: White blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vesselsFunction: Helps protect the body from disease; collects fluid lost from blood vessels; returns the fluid to the circulatory system
4. Circulatory SystemStructures: Heart, Blood vessels, bloodFunctions: Brings oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells; fights infection; regulates body temperature
5. Respiratory SystemStructures: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungsFunctions: Provides oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide from body
6. Digestive SystemStructures: Mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small and large intestines, Function: Breaks down foods into simple molecules that can be used by the body for respiration and building cells
7. Excretory SystemStructures: Skin, lungs, kidneys (nephrons), ureters, urinary bladder, urethraFunctions: Removes waste products of metabolism from the body
8. Skeletal SystemStructures: Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendonsFunctions: Supports the body; protects internal organs; allows movement; stores mineral reserves; provides a site for blood formation
9. Muscular SystemStructures: Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscleFunction: Works with skeletal system to produce voluntary movement; helps circulate blood and move food through the digestive system
10. Integumentary System (Skin)Structures: Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat and Oil GlandsFunctions: Serves as a barrier against infection and injury; Helps to regulate temperature; Protects against UV light
Structures: Female- Uterus, Fallopian tubes, ovary, cervical canal, cervix, vaginaMale Penis, Vas Deferens, Prostate, Epididymis, Testes, Scrotal Sac, Seminal VesicleFunction: Produces reproductive cells; in females nurtures and protects developing embryo11. Reproductive System
Room temperature increasesThermostat senses temperature change and switches on heating systemThermostat senses temperature change and switches off heating systemRoom temperature decreasesSection 35-1Example of Feedback Loop