Level E

Ad ver sar’ y(noun) an enemy, opponent

Sentence: A best friend off the tennis court can also be a fierce adversary on it.

Synonyms: antagonist, rival , foeAntonyms: friend, ally, supporter,

confederate

A’ li e nate(verb) to turn away; to make indifferent or

hostile, to transfer, conveySentence: Gossiping and back biting are bad

habits that are bound to alienate friends.

Synonyms: separate, drive apart, estrangeAntonyms: befriend, attract, captivate,

reconcile

Ar’ ti fice(noun) a skillful or ingenious device; a

clever trick; a clever skill; trickerySentence: Even the most renowned art

experts were completely taken in by the forger’s artifice.

Synonyms: ruse, stratagem, contrivance

Co erce’(verb) to compel; forceSentence: Dictators try to coerce their

subjects into obedience by threatening them or their families with punishment.

Synonyms: pressure, bully, intimidate, constrain

Antonyms: persuade, cajole

Cra’ ven(adj.) cowardly; (noun) a coward

Sentence: Those who urged Great Britain to make peace with Hitler were criticized for their craven attitude. (adj.)

Sentence: It is a mistake to assume that everyone who refuses to go to war is a craven who lacks patriotism.

Synonyms: (adj.) fearful, fainthearted, pusilanimousAntonyms: (adj.) brave, courageous, valiant

Cu’ li nar y(adj.) of or related to cooking or the kitchen

Sentence: Cooking shows on television have helped many people to master the secrets of the culinary art.

De lete’(verb) to erase, wipe out, cut out

Sentence: Crime labs can determine whether an attempt has been made to delete material from audiotapes.

Synonyms: remove, cancel, expungeAntonyms: insert, add, retain, include

De mise’(noun) a death, especially of a person in a

lofty positionSentence: Traditionally, the tolling of church

bells has announced the demise of a monarch.

Synonyms: decease, passing awayAntonyms: birth, beginning, commencement

Ex hil’ a rate(verb) to enliven, cheer, give spirit or

liveliness toSentence: The first landing on the moon, in

the summer of 1969, exhilarated the nation.

Synonyms: stimulate, excite, gladdenAntonyms: discourage, dispirit, dishearten,

inhibit

Fal’ low(adj.) plowed but not seeded; inactive; reddish-yellow(noun) land left unseeded;(verb) to plow but not seedSentence: After a month without a date, I decided

that my social life was definitely in a fallow period. (adj.)

Sentence: In the drought-stricken region, there were millions of acres of fallow. (noun)

Sentence: Farmers often fallow a third of their fields each year to restore the chemical balance of the soil.

Synonyms: (adj.) unproductive, inert, dormantAntonyms: (adj.) productive, fertile, prolific

Ha rass’(verb) to disturb, worry; to trouble by

repeated attacksSentence: The judge repeatedly cautioned

the prosecuting attorney not to harass the witness.

Synonyms: annoy, pester, bedevil, beleaguer

In clem’ ent(adj.) stormy, harsh; severe in attitude or

actionSentence: During an inclement New

England winter, heavy snowfalls may bring highway traffic to a standstill.

Synonyms: blustery, tempestuous, implacable

Antonyms: mild, gentle, balmy, tranquil

muse(verb) to think about in a dreamy way,

ponderSentence: Philosophers have always mused

on the meaning of life.

Synonyms: meditate, contemplate, daydream

Neg’ li gi ble(adj.) so unimportant that it can be

disregardedSentence: After taxes are deducted, a small

raise in salary may result in a negligible increase in take-home pay.

Synonyms: trivial, inconsequential, insignificant

Antonyms: significant, crucial, momentous

Per pet’ tu ate(verb) to make permanent or long lastingSentence: In most cultures, people try to

perpetuate the customs of their ancestors.

Synonyms: continue, preserve, prolong indefinitely

Antonyms: discontinue, abolish, abandon

Prec’ e dent(noun) an example that may serve as a basis

for imitation or later actionSentence: We hope that students at other

schools in our city will follow our precedents in volunteer work and charitable contributions.

Synonyms: guide, tradition, model

Pu’ ni tive(adj.) inflicting or aiming at punishmentSentence: The general led a punitive

expedition against the rebel forces.

Synonyms: penalizing, retaliatory

Re dress’(verb) to set right; remedy(noun) relief from wrong or injurySentence: An apology can go a long way to

redress the hurt feelings caused by an insensitive comment or thoughtless act. (verb)

Sentence: The accident victims will seek redress for the injuries they suffered in the train crash.

Synonyms: (verb) rectify, correct, mitigate

So’ journ(noun) a temporary stay(verb) to stay for a timeSentence: No matter how short your

sojourn in Paris, you must take time to see the Louvre. (noun)

Sentence: Many American graduates sojourn abroad before they begin working full-time at home.

Synonyms: (noun) visit, stopover, brief stay

Ur bane’(adj.) refined in manner or style, suaveSentence: an urbane host puts guests at

ease by appearing totally confident and unruffled no matter what happens.

Synonyms: elegantAntonyms: crude, uncouth, boorish