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Abstinence Behavioral 100% Effective Choosing not to engage in sexual intercourse Self-respect Healthy decision making Setting boundaries
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Let’s Talk About Birth Control…
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SDQwDEbQVk
Abstinence• Behavioral• 100% Effective• Choosing not to engage in sexual
intercourse• Self-respect• Healthy decision making• Setting boundaries
Withdrawal – “Pull-Out”• Behavioral• 81% Effective• Withdrawing the penis before
ejaculation occurs.
• Disadvantages: Pre-ejaculate contains sperm; No protection against STD’s.
Fertility Awareness – “Calendar Method”• Behavioral• 75% Effective
• Selecting specific days to have sexual intercourse based on the woman’s menstrual cycle/day of ovulation.
• Disadvantage: Often times, menstrual cycles may vary!
Male Condom• Barrier (Over-the-Counter, OTC)• 85-98% Effective• Rubber/latex sheath placed over the penis
to collect pre-ejaculation and semen upon ejaculation.
• Condoms provide protection against STD’s.
• Disadvantages: Incorrect use; allergies to latex
Female Condom• Barrier (Over-the-Counter, OTC)• 79% Effective• Fits deep into the vagina, ring holds it
in place, blocks sperm from entering vagina.
• Female condoms provide protection against STD’s.
• Disadvantages: difficult to use; hard to keep in place.
Spermicide(Foam/Jelly)
• Barrier (Over-the-Counter, OTC)• 74% Effective• Injected into the vagina before sexual
intercourse to immobilize sperm and block them from entering the uterus.
• More effective if used with male condom (nonoxynol-9).
• Disadvantages: not an effective barrier method if not used perfectly
Diaphragm & Cervical Cap• Barrier (Prescription)• 80% Effective• Fitted by a doctor
• Dome-shaped cup with flexible rim; placed deep into vagina to cover cervix
• Disadvantages: Difficult to insert; moves around during sexual intercourse; No protection against STD’s.
Birth Control Pill• Hormonal
• 95-99% Effective if taken perfectly• Must be taken daily at the same time• Progestin & Estrogen or Progestin Only• Monthly pack with one week of “sugar pill”
• Prevents ovulation• Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm
from passing through to uterus• Thins uterine wall to not allow
implantation to occur.
The Patch
• Hormonal• 92-99% Effective• Each patch in place for one week; one week
without patch – menstruation.• Release hormones through the skin.• Prevents ovulation• Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm from
passing through to uterus• Thins uterine wall to not allow implantation to
occur.
Vaginal Ring/Nuva-Ring
• Hormonal• 92%-99% Effective• Small, flexible ring that releases hormones• In place for 3 weeks; removed for 1 week –
menstruation• Prevents ovulation• Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm
from passing through to uterus• Thins uterine wall to not allow
implantation to occur.
The Shot/Depo-Provera• Hormonal• 99% Effective• Shot will last for 3 months
• Prevents ovulation• Thicken cervical mucous to prevent
sperm from passing through to uterus• Thins uterine wall to not allow
implantation to occur.
Disadvantages for Hormonal Methods
• No protection from STD’s!• Bleeding between menstrual cycle• Nausea and vomiting
• More serious side effects may occur if you are older (over age 35), smoke, and have other risk factors.
Emergency Contraception“Morning After Pill”/ Plan B/Next
Choice• Hormonal• 80-89% Effective• Must be taken within 72 hours of unprotected
sexual intercourse (the sooner the better!)• Large dose of progestin and estrogen• 17 years old + available OTC to women and
men
• Prevent ovulation if it has not already occurred
• Thicken mucous in cervix and thins the wall of the uterus to prevent implantation if an egg has already been fertilized.
Intra-Uterine Device (IUD)
• Barrier/Device• 98%-99% Effective• Affects the mobility of the sperm; thickens
cervical mucous; thins the lining of the uterus.
• Can be in place for years
• Disadvantages: cramping, bleeding between menstrual cycles, No protection against STD’s.
Tubal Sterilization• Surgical Procedure• 99.5% Effective• Tying off of the fallopian tubes so the
sperm can not reach the egg
• Disadvantage: Permanent!
Vasectomy• Surgical Procedure• 99%• Blocks the vas deferens to keep the
sperm out of the semen
• Disadvantage: Permanent!