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Let’s take for example the verb
“JOUER” TO PLAY
JOU ER Once you “cut” away the VERB ENDING in the
Infinitive form, what you are left with is the
VERB STEM
What is the VERB STEM of a regular verb?
STEM VERB ENDING
Yes, the stem almost never changes
whatever the tense used.
Is that always true for the 3 families of regular verbs?
What do you mean by “almost never
changes”?
Well, sometimes it varies a little depending on its spelling, but we don’t need to worry ourselves for
that now.
Well Roger, if the verb stem doesn’t change,
what does then?
Dear Alice! It is the verb ending of
course.
What makes the verb ending change, Bernard?
Two things, Sophie. 1.The choice of the Personal Pronoun
(who or what does the action)2. The choice of the Tense. (When the action takes place)
What are the Personal Pronouns?
The Personal Pronouns are little words which replace the name
of people or things.Follow me and I will show you
Here is the list of all the French Personal Pronouns and their
equivalent in English and Welsh.
Oh!
je or j’
Français English Cymraeg
tu
il
elle
nousvousilselles
I
you (familiar)
he
she
weyou (formal)they (masculine)they (feminine)
fi
ti
fo
hi
nichinhw nhw
Let’s go and see what difference the pronouns
make to the verb ending.
Let’s use the present
tense of the verb JOUER...
...And you will see how the ending changes when I use a
different pronoun.
Je joutu jouil jouelle jounous jouvous jouils jouelles jou
Présent
Rydw iRwyt tiMae oMae hiRydan niRydych chiMaen nhwMaen nhw
Presennol
Just like in Welsh, then!
eeseeonsezentent
yn chwarae
yn chwaraeyn chwarae
yn chwaraeyn chwaraeyn chwaraeyn chwaraeyn chwarae
RED=
Changes due to
pronoun and tense
BLUE=
PersonalPronoun
The effect of the pronoun is not so marked in English.
Je joutu jouil jouelle jounous jouvous jouils jouelles jou
Présent
What happens in
English?
eeseeonsezentent
playIyouhesheweyoutheythey
This is why you need to be more
careful when translating
plays
play
play
plays
playplay
play
am playingIyouhesheweyoutheythey
are playingis playingis playingare playingare playingare playingare playing
Present Present Progressive
When translating “you” remember to use:- “tu” if you address only one person (your family or friends) - “vous” if you address more than one person or somebody you do not know or someone you must show respect to, like your Headmaster or a teacher.
When translating “they” or “nhw” remember to use:-“ils” when it refers to - a masculine plural noun,- more than one male or -a mixed group (males and females).
When translating “they” or “nhw” remember to use:-“elles” when it refers to - a feminine plural noun,- more than one female.
Let’s see what effect the Tense
has on the Verb Ending!
We’ll show the changes only with
the pronoun “je” as we will deal with each complete tenses in a next
lesson.
Je joueRydw i’n ChwaraeI play / I am playing
Présent
Je jouaisRoeddwn i’n ChwaraeI played / I was playing
Imparfait
J’ai jouéRydw i wedi ChwaraeI played/ I have played
Passé composé
Je joueraiMi fydda i’n ChwaraeI will play
Futur
Je joueraisMi fyddwn i’n ChwaraeI would play
Conditionnel
J’avais jouéRoeddwn i wedi ChwaraeI had played
Plus-que-parfait
Click on the big eggs for some practice
Task 1Multiple choice
Task 2 Quiz