LET’S REVIEW THESE TOPICS:

• EMBEDDED QUESTIONS• GERUND AS A SUBJECT AND AN

OBJECT.• NEED + NOUN PHRASE• CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

EMBEDDED QUESTIONS• EMBEDDED QUESTIONS ARE QUESTIONS WHICH HAVE

AN INTRODUCTORY QUESTIONS BEFORE THEM. THE INDIRECT QUESTION DOES NOT HAVE A QUESTION FORM.THEREIS NOT CHANGE OF TENSES.

• INTRODUCTORY QUESTIONS:• COULD YOU TELL ME……….?• DO YOU KNOW……………….?

• YES/ NO QUESTIONS• THESE QUESTIONS USE “IF”.• DO YOU KNOW IF……………………….?

EXAMPLES:

• WHERE IS THE POST OFFICE?• COULD YOU TELL ME WHERE THE POST OFFICE

IS?

• WHEN DOES THE FILM START?• DO YOU KNOW WHEN THE FILM STARTS?

• IS THIS THE RIGHT STREET?• DO YOUKNOW IF THIS IS THE RIGHT STREET?

NOW PRACTICE: WHAT’S THE TIME? COULD YOU TELL ME …………………………….? WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? DO YOU KNOW……………………………………..? HOW MUCH DOES THIS COST? COULD YOU TELL ME……………………………..? WHAT TIME DOES THE MUSEUM OPEN? DO YOU KNOW……………………………………..? IS THIS TRAFALGAR SQUARE? COULD YOU TELL ME ……………………………..? WHEN DOES THIS BUS LEAVE? DO YOU KNOW……………………………………..?

GERUND AS A SUBJECT AND AN OBJECT:

A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing.“The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." Youcan use a gerund as the subject, the complement, orthe object of a sentence.Examples: Reading helps you learn English. subject of sentence Her favorite hobby is reading. complement of sentence I enjoy reading. object of sentence Gerunds can be made negative by adding "not."Examples: He enjoys not working. The best thing for your health is not smoking.

GERUND AS A SUBJECT:

GERUND AS A SUBJECT GOES FIRST AND THESENTENCE IS UNDERSTOOD.• READING HISTORY BOOKS ARE INTERESTING.• PLAYING SOCCER IS FUN.• DRINKING WATER IS HEALTHY.• EATING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ARE GOOD

FOR YOU.• FLYING KITES ARE AMAZING.• JUMPING HIGH IS GREAT.

GERUND AS AN OBJECT:GERUND AS AN OBJECT GOES AFTER OTHER VERBS.VERBS THAT WORK WITH GERUND.THESE ARE THE VERBS: ENJOY – LIKE – LOVE – PREFER – HATE – DON’T MIND –

DON’T LIKE – FINISH – APPRECIATE – AVOID – SUGGEST – UNDERSTAND – POSTPONE- CONSIDER – CAN’T HELP

EXAMPLES: I ENJOY READING MAGAZINES. SHE FINISHES DOING HER HOMEWORK.WE LOVE DANCING.THEY HATE RUNNING IN THE PARK.

COMPLETE WITH A GERUND AS A SUBJECT:

___________ FRUIT IS DELICIOUS.___________ EXERCISES IS GOOD.___________ MAGAZINES ARE INTERESTING.___________ LETTERS ARE FUN.___________ IN ENGLISH IS DIFFICULT.___________ IS GOOD EXERCISE.___________ CHESS REQUIRES GREAT

CONCENTRATION

COMPLETE WITH A GERUND VERB AS AN OBJECT:

I enjoy (cook) _____________ gourmet meals. We finished (eat) _____________ around

seven. I like (meet) _____________ new friends.Let’s keep (work) _____________ on the

homework.I went (fish) _____________ early in the

morning. If he keeps __________to work late, he's going

to get fired!

NEED

• EXAMPLES:• They are too tight, they need a big house.• It’s too hot and Marcos needs a bath.• We’re thirsty. We need a drink.• Pablo needs a red pen to check the homework.• They need colors to paint their pictures.• To play baseball, you _need a bat and a ball.• I want to make a cake. I need flour, fat and water.

SUBJECT + NEED + NOUN PHRASE

NEGATIVE SENTENCES:

• EXAMPLES:• I have an alarm at home. I don’t need a watchman.• Susy has twenty purses, she doesn’t need a new one.• To swim, you don’t need an oxygen tank.• It’s too hot. We don’t need a jacket.• Peter uses pens to write, he doesn’t need a pencil.• She’s okay! She doesn’t need another job.

SUBJECT + DOESN’T / DON’T + NEED + NOUN

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH: NEED – NEEDS – DON’T NEED OR DOESN’T NEED.

• SHE ____________________ A BLUE DRESS. (+)• THEY___________________ A HORSE. (-)• RAUL ___________________A SCOOTER. (-)• WE _____________________ MONEY. (+)• THE CAT ________________ A FISH. (+)• HELLEN _________________ A DOLL. (-)• I ________________________ PIZZA. (-)• YOU _____________________ A BALL TO PLAY SOCCER.

(+)

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:• THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:• Type condition• I :condition possible to fulfill• II : condition in theory possible to fulfill• III : condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

type if clause main clause

I Simple Present  will-future (or Modal + infinitive)

II Simple Past  would + infinitive *

III Past Perfect would + have + past participle *

THE IF – CLAUSES CAN GOAT THE BEGINNING

type if clause main clause

I If I study, I will pass the exam.

II If I studied, I would pass the exam.

III If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

AT THE END

type main clause if-clause

I I will pass the exam if I study.

III would pass the exam

if I studied.

IIII would have passed the exam

if I had studied.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES:type   Examples

    long forms short/contracted forms

I

+ If I study, I will pass the exam.If I study, I'll pass the exam.

-If I study, I will not fail the exam.If I do not study, I will fail the exam.

If I study, I won't fail the exam.If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.

II

+ If I studied, I would pass the exam.If I studied, I'd pass the exam.

-

If I studied, I would not fail the exam.If I did not study, I would fail the exam.

If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam.If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.

III

+If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam.

-

If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam.If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam.

If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam.If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam.

NOW PRACTICE: TYPE IExample: If I __ (to go) to the café, I ________ (not/to drink) milk.

Answer: If I go to the café, I will not drink milk.

1) If it __________(to rain), the children_________(not/to go) for a walk.

2) If she __________(not/to read) the novel, she ________(not/to pass) the literature test.

3) If I _____________(not/to argue) with my father, he________(to lend) me his motorbike.

4) If we ___________(to take) the bus, we ____________(not/to arrive) in time.

5) If Dick ________(not/to buy) the book, his friends ___________(to be) angry with him.

NOW PRACTICE: TYPE IIExample: If I __ (to go) to the café, I ________ (not/to drink) milk.

Answer: If I went to the café, I would not drink milk. 1) If Oliver ________(to find) money, he _________(not/to keep) it.2) If they ________(not/to wear) pullovers in the mountains, it

___(to be) too cold during the night.3) If Tony __________(to know) her phone number, he ______(not/to

give) it to Frank.4) If we ________(not/to visit) this museum, you _______(not/to

write) a good report.5) If it ________(not/to be) so late, we ________(to play) a game of

chess.

NOW PRACTICE: TYPE IIIExample: If I _______ (to go) to the café, I ________ (not/to drink)

milk.

Answer: If I had gone to the café, I would not have drunk milk. orIf I'd gone to the café, I wouldn't have drunk milk.

1) If you _______(to check) the car, it ______(not/to break) down in

the middle of the desert.2) If it _______(not/to rain), the children ______(to play) outside.3) If my parents _____(not/to be) so tired, they ______(to watch) the

film on TV.4) If she _______(to buy) a new hard disk, she _______(not/to lose)

all data.5) If we _______(to use) the town map, we _________(not/to get)

lost.