Let’s ReviewGOVERNMENT!!!!

National Government

•Established in Article I of the Constitution

•Lawmaking body = CONGRESS

Legislative Branch

•Established by Article II of the Constitution

•Enforces laws = PRESIDENT

Executive Branch

•Established in Article III of the Constitution

•Interprets the law = SUPREME COURT

Judicial Branch

Legislative Branch

Congress•National•Pass bills into law•2/3 can propose a Constitutional

Amendment

General Assembly•State•Make statutes•¾ of state legislatures can ratify a

Constitutional Amendment

City Council•Local/city•Make ordinances

Powers

Expressed/Enumerated/Delegated Powers*Given to national

governmentCoin MoneyDeclare War

Establish an army/navy

Reserved Powers* Given to state

governmentsConduct ElectionsEstablish Schools

Congress

• National lawmaking body• Representation is based on population– Count taken every 10 years (CENSUS)– Redistricting, or redrawing of Congressional lines, is

done after the census to be sure people are represented fairly• Gerrymandering is the unfair and illegal redistricting

• The Speaker of the House will become President if the President and VP are unable to fulfill duties

Limits on Congress

• Can not pass ex post facto laws– Making an action illegal after the fact

• Can not pass bills of attainder– Punishing a person without a trial

• Can not suspend the writ of habeas corpus– Holding a person without informing them of the

charges against them

How Congress makes a Bill into a LAW

Only members of Congress can propose a bill

Bill is sent to a committee to be

examined. If the committees

chairperson doesn’t like it

they could ignore it, or

pigeonhole it!

The bill goes to the floor for debate and a

vote

If the bill passes with a majority

vote, it will travel to the other house

The bill must pass both houses in

identical form or it must go to a

conference committee to work out the differences

Both houses revote and if it

passes it goes to the President

The President can sign the bill into law, veto it,

or ignore it while Congress is out of session

and call it a pocket veto

Executive Branch

President•national•Enforces national laws•Vice President, cabinet, and executive

agencies

Governor•State•Enforces state statutes•Lt. Governor, cabinet, and Council of

State

Mayor and City Manager•local•Enforce local ordinances•Mayor is elected•City Manager is hired

President

• Elected by the Electoral College– Must win 270 electoral votes to win– Each state has the same number of electoral votes

as members of Congress– If no one wins 270 electoral votes, the House of

representatives will choose the President• Appoints federal judges with the approval of

the senate

FBI

• Part of the executive branch because they enforce federal laws

• They investigate federal crimes such as counterfeiting, espionage, and kidnapping

• Have the largest jurisdiction, but the smallest number of law enforcement officials

State Executive Branch

• Headed by the governor– Holds line item veto power (can strike a part of a

law they don’t like and sign rest into law!)• Governor is helped by the LT. Governor (runs

on a separate ticket)• Appoints a cabinet to help them• An elected Council of State also helps– Department heads of 8 executive agencies that

are elected by citizens

Local Executive Branch

• Mayor is the elected city executive– Role is largely ceremonial

• City manager is the hired city executive– Hired by the city council to run the day to day

operations and administrative aspects of the city• Sheriff is elected and is part of the county

executive branch– Enforces laws in the county, outside of city limits– Runs the county jail

Federal Court Jurisdiction

US Supreme Court

US Court of Appeals

UD District Court

National Judicial Branch

• Supreme Court has the power of judicial review

– The authority of the court to declare a law or action to be unconstitutional

– Established by the court case of Marbury v. Madison• Cases are called to the Supreme Court by a writ

of certiatori• Primarily hears cases involving things such as

espionage, counterfeiting, or kidnapping

State Court Jurisdiction

NC State Supreme Court

NC Court of Appeals

NC Superior Court

NC District Court

State Judicial Branch

• Most cases are heard in state court• Magistrates will hear most traffic cases and

issue most warrants

What do YOU KNOW?

1. What are powers given to the national government called?

2. What is the power of line item veto? Who has it?

3. What is judicial review? What case established it?

4. Who hears most court cases?5. How is the President elected?

Let’s see how much YOU KNOW…

1. Enumerated/ Expressed/ Delegated2. Ability to strike out a portion of a law that they

do not like and sign the rest into law/ the power rests with the governor

3. Authority of Supreme court to declare a law or action to be unconstitutional/ Marbury v. Madison established judicial review

4. State courts5. Electoral College

Are you going to get a 3?

6. Who are the three lawmaking bodies?7. Which branch of government is the FBI part

of? Which level of government?8. Who hears most traffic cases and issues most

warrants?9. What calls a case to the Supreme Court?10.Who is the elected executive of a city?

Let’s see……

6. Congress, General Assembly, and city council7. Executive branch/ federal level8. Magistrates9. Writ of certiatori10. mayor

Or Will You get a 4?

11. What is the purpose of a conference committee?

12. What is a writ of habeas corpus?13.What are state laws called? What are local

laws called?14.Which article of the Constitution established

the Executive Branch?15.What is conducting elections an example of?

Hopefully….

11.Work out a compromise on a proposed bill12.Says that a person must be brought to court

and told the charges that they are being held on

13.Statute/ ordinance14.Article II15.Reserved powers