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Let’s Learn Together!

Science: Gravity Week 1 – Read the text on gravity and complete questions 1-6. Week 2 – Read and complete “Gravity Comparison,” “Gravity Jump Data,” and “Gravity Graph.”

Background Information - Everything with mass (anything that is made of matter and takes up space) has gravity. The size of the gravitational pull depends on the masses of the objects. The more mass an object has, the more gravitational pull. Gravity pulls everything to the center. On the Earth, that means everything will be pulled to the center of the Earth no matter where on the Earth you are located.

Social Studies: The Bill of Rights Social Studies activities in this learning bundle focus on the concept of freedom and, specifically, The Bill of Rights. Fifth graders will read a short article about The Bill of Rights and then a modified description of the ten amendments. Students will then apply their understanding of the amendments to some fictional scenarios before reflecting on the impact of The Bill of Rights on society. The activities end with a choice in final products between a speech, a letter, and a comic strip. Students should complete one of the three.

Social Studies and science

Activities At –A–Glance

The following assignments should be kept in the student’s

portfolio to be turned in at a later date:

Science: Question #3, Gravity Jump Data, Gravity Graph

Social Studies: Bill of Rights Final Product

My child completed his/her science and social studies work from learning bundle four.

________________________________

Parent Signature

Science – Gravity – Grade 5

When you jump up in the air, why you come back down instead of floating off into space? Gravity is an invisible force that pulls objects toward each other. The gravity on the Earth is the reason why when you jump up in the air, you come back down. It is what keeps you on the ground and what makes things fall to the ground. Everything with mass has gravity. The size of the pull depends on the masses of the objects. The more mass an object has, the more gravitational pull is has. A beach ball and a bowling ball both have mass so, they both have gravity. The bowling ball has more gravity because it has more mass. You may wonder, if everything that has mass has gravity, why don’t objects and people pull towards each other? Even though you exert a gravitational force on people and objects around you, the force isn’t strong enough to notice the pull. Like gravity, weight is a force. The weight of an object and even your weight is measured by the combination of the mass of the object and the gravity that is pulling on that mass. If you were to stand on a scale here on Earth, your weight would be based on the mass of your body and the pull of the Earth’s gravity on your body. If you went to a planet with less mass than the Earth, your body would weigh less because although your mass is the same, the pull of that planet’s gravity on your mass is less. If you went to a planet with more mass than the Earth, then your body would weigh more since the gravity of that planet is greater.

It is the force of gravity that keeps us in orbit around the Sun. The mass of the Sun is so great that its gravity is strong enough to pull all of the planets in our solar system in orbit around the Sun. It is gravity that keeps the moon in orbit around the Earth and gravity is also responsible for the ocean tides. Gravity gets weaker with distance. So, when objects are closer to each other, their gravitational pull is stronger than if they are farther apart. This is why the moon orbits the Earth and not the Sun. The Sun’s

gravitational pull on the moon is not as strong as the Earth’s pull because the moon is much closer to the Earth than the Sun. Believe it or not, gravity is also responsible for creating new stars and planets by pulling together the materials from which they are made. Gravity is very important to us. The Sun’s gravity keeps the Earth in orbit at the perfect distance so that we receive both light and heat. Gravity pulls our atmosphere so that we have air to breathe. And gravity is what holds our Earth together and keeps everything from floating away. We could not live on Earth without gravity. Adapted from: https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/ and www.physics4kids.com

1. Are these movements caused by gravitational force? Mark yes or no for each.

Movements

Caused by Gravity? YES NO

A marble rolls off the table and falls to the floor.

A steel paperclip moves towards a magnet.

Chocolate syrup settles to the bottom of a glass of milk.

A leaf detaches from a tree and falls to the ground.

A car accelerating at a green light.

Sliding down the slide at the playground.

After jumping off the diving board, a child lands in the pool.

The planets staying in orbit around the Sun.

Kicking a soccer ball into the net.

The changing ocean tides.

2. Draw arrows to show the direction the force of gravity acts on a ball dropped at each

location:

The horizontal line going around the Earth is the equator and

the line going through the poles is the axis. The black dot

represents the center of the Earth. This model is not to scale.

A

B

E

C

D

3. The boy standing on the southern part of the Earth drops a ball. Mike thinks that the

ball will move away from the Earth and Maria thinks that the ball will move towards the

Earth.

4. Who do you agree with? _______________Use evidence and reasoning to support your

choice.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Imagine that tunnels were dug into the Earth as

pictured. If a small ball is held just above the tunnels,

which path would the ball follow when it is released?

Circle the answer below.

A. B. C. D.

6. Explain why the ball would follow that path. Use

information from the text to support your

explanation.

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Mike Maria

Gravity Comparison

In the text that you read at the beginning of the science bundle, it said that the amount of

gravity depends on mass of the object. The weight of an object is measured by the combination

of the mass of the object and the gravity that is pulling on that mass. Since the mass of the

planets in our solar system are different, if you weighed yourself on each planet, your weight

would also be different. The graphic below shows what you would weigh on the different

planets if you weighed 100 pounds here on Earth.

Image credit: NASA

Since gravity is constantly pulling objects down to the center of the Earth, jumping is also

affected by gravity. As you jump up, your muscles are helping you push off the ground to go up

in the air. While that is happening, the force of gravity is pulling you back down to the Earth.

How high can you jump here on Earth?

7. Do you think you would jump the same height on different moons or planets? _________

Explain your reasoning on the lines below.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

The chart below shows how much gravity other planets and moons have compared to Earth’s

gravity. Use this chart to help you figure out how high you would jump on those planets and

moons. Follow the directions on the next page to complete your activity. You will need a ruler

to help you with this activity.

Planet/Moon Gravity compared to Earth To figure out your jump height you must:

MOON 6 times less Multiply

JUPITER 4 times more Divide TRITON (Neptune’s moon) 12 times less Multiply

TITAN (Saturn’s moon) 7 times less Multiply MARS 2 times less Multiply

NEPTUNE 2 times more Divide

Grade 5 Social Studies

SS1

Introduction: What does freedom mean to you? What are some freedoms Americans have? How are those freedoms protected? Write a couple sentences below before beginning the activity. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

The Bill of Rights Directions: Complete the LEFT side of the anticipation guide before reading. While you read, use a pencil or highlighter to mark information from the anticipation guide. Then, after you read the text, come back and complete the RIGHT side and correct any false statement in the last box of each row.

BEFORE Reading

(Circle One) Statement

AFTER Reading

(Circle One)

AFTER Reading Correct each false statement here

True False

There are 10 amendments that

make up the Bill of Rights

True False

True False

There are 4 different freedoms listed in the first amendment.

True False

True False

There will be no more amendments added to the

Constitution.

True False

True False

The Bill of Rights guarantee that all people shall be

protected equally by the laws.

True False

True False

The amendments to the Constitution were ratified

(approved) in 1800.

True False

True False

Americans still use the Bill of

Rights today.

True False

Grade 5 Social Studies

SS2

The Rights of the People – Bill of Rights After the Framers wrote the Constitution, the people in the states had to approve it. They did, but many people said the Constitution, as written, did not do enough to protecting people’s rights. They believed that people are born with rights to life, liberty, and property. The people remembered that the king of England had tried to take away these rights. They thought the Constitution must directly protect these rights from the new U.S. government. Shortly after the Constitution went into effect, the people pushed Congress to add ten amendments. The first ten amendments, or additions, to the Constitution were ratified in 1791. These amendments are called The Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights describes rights and privileges of U.S. citizens that the government cannot take away from the people.

The rights mentioned in the First Amendment include freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, freedom to petition, and freedom to assemble, or meet. The Second Amendment to The Bill of Rights guarantees the right to bear arms – the right of citizens to own weapons.

Other amendments describe the kind of trial a person who is accused of a crime can expect. The Ninth Amendment states that the rights listed above are not the only rights the people have. The Tenth Amendment says that any power not given to the United States by the Constitution, other than those powers that are against the law, are given to the individual states or directly to the people. Between 1795 and 1992, seventeen other amendments were added to the Constitution. There are currently a total of twenty-seven amendments. The Bill of Rights protects individuals. It is a document that limits the power of the federal government.

Grade 5 Social Studies

SS3

Directions: Read the modified version of The Bill of Rights below. Then, apply the information from the text to the scenarios in the chart that follows.

The Bill of Rights (modified)

Amendment 1: Freedom of Religion, Speech and the Press; The Right to Assemble and Petition The First Amendment might be one of the best known. It allows people to establish and practice their religion freely, and to speak their ideas and opinions. It protects the rights of its citizens to hold meetings and to petition the government. It gives the press (newspapers, cable news, and magazines) the right to publish the news and ideas.

Amendment 2: The Right to Bear Arms The Second Amendment gives all citizens the right to own guns. You have probably heard news stories about this recently. There has been much discussion about whether to limit the kinds of guns that can be sold. Also, many people want to require a background check for anyone purchasing a gun.

Amendment 3: Housing of Soldiers When the colonies were ruled by England, people were forced to house soldiers in their homes. They would have to give them a place to sleep and meals. This amendment made it unlawful for a government to make a private citizen house its soldiers.

Amendment 4: Searches, Seizure and Warrants This amendment protects people from law enforcement entering their home without their permission or an order from the court called a search warrant.

Amendment 5: Rights in Criminal Trials and the Rights of Property Persons cannot be made to testify against themselves in a criminal trial. A person cannot be tried more than once for that same crime. People’s property cannot be taken away without their being paid for it.

Amendment 6: Rights to a Fair Trial This amendment requires a person accused of a crime to receive a speedy public trial by a jury. This did not happen in England during this time. People were held in jail for years before their trial and often the trial was held in secret.

Amendment 7: Rights in a Civil Trial A civil case is brought by a person to get back property, to have a contract enforced, or to protect a person’s rights. The Seventh Amendment allows a civil case to be decided by a jury trial when the amount of money involved is over $20.

Grade 5 Social Studies

SS4

Amendment 8: Bail, Fines and Punishment The Eighth Amendment does not allow for unfair bail or fines and the use of cruel or unusual punishments. The framers wanted to eliminate the use of torture on suspected criminals or as a punishment for a crime.

Amendment 9: Rights Kept by the People Some of the delegates thought that if a right was not listed in their Bill of Rights, it might be interpreted to mean that the people did not have that right. The Ninth Amendment protects the rights people have though not listed in the Constitution.

Amendment 10: Powers Kept by the States and the People The rights not given to the national government are rights kept by the states or the people.

Complete the chart by identifying which amendment number matches each scenario. Then, briefly explain your choice.

Scenario Amend. # Explanation The army base in your town is over-crowded. The town council passed a law that anyone with an extra bedroom must house a soldier from the base.

The city is closing the local basketball courts to make way for a parking lot. Dan and his friends want to march to city hall to present a petition to the mayor to keep the courts.

Sally thinks Betty has stolen her gold bracelet. She wants the police to go to Betty’s house and look around while Betty isn’t home.

Bob has been accused of stealing a computer from his school. He has been in jail for five years waiting for his trial to begin.

To cut down on violence in the city, the mayor made it illegal for anyone to own a gun.

Fred was found guilty of stealing a pair of sneakers from the mall. The judge sentenced him to life in prison as punishment.

Grade 5 Social Studies

SS5

Analysis and Reflection: Answer the following questions in a few sentences each.

1. How would America be different if there were no Bill of Rights?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Which amendment from The Bill of Rights do you think is most important? Why?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. If you had to remove one amendment from The Bill of Rights, which would you choose? What makes this task difficult?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Challenge*

4. Former American ambassador Adlai Stevenson once said, “My definition of a free society is a society where it is safe to be unpopular.” What do you think Mr. Stevenson meant? Which amendment goes best with his quote?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Grade 5 Social Studies

SS6

Name: ____________________________________________________________

Bill of Rights Final Product

Directions: Choose one option from the list below. Complete your project on a sheet of notebook paper, poster paper, or any other paper you have available. Option 1: Imagine you had a time machine and could travel back to the Constitutional Convention of 1787. Write a speech to the rest of the Convention that explains the need for a Bill of Rights to be added to the Constitution. How does the Bill of Rights protect people? How would it help create the kind of government that the American people fought for against Britain? Option 2: Many of the amendments that eventually became the Bill of Rights

came from James Madison. Think about what Madison missed from his original 110 amendments. What would you have included that he left out? Write a letter to Mr. Madison explaining your thoughts about the Bill of Rights and what he could add to make it better. Option 3: Create a comic strip version

of The Bill of Rights. Divide a sheet of paper into 10 panels or boxes. In each box, write the amendment number, a brief description (in your own words) and draw a scene, image, or symbol that goes with the amendment.

*Interested in learning more about The Bill of Rights? Log on to iCivics through the Clever App on Office 365 and play Do I Have a Right? In this game, you run a law firm and have to match clients up with the best lawyers to help them in their cases. Good luck!