Lessons in Fijian - LIVE LINGUA Corps Lessons... · of Spanl-h or Latin AlthoUgh'fOur of the Fijian ioweIs sound. A. But there. the. ame vowel imilarity ends. to the Engli-h vowels

Lessons in Fijian

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FIJIAN

S e_lilg and Pronunciation

Although one's first guide to pronunciation is that

a speaRer Of Fijian, from time to time it is necessary

to pronounce.mords from the written form. The Fijian

spelling system h sullh a high nf C0nSI_5 tenCy Lie

tween symbol and sound that an acceptable pronunciation

will be possible in most cases.

It must be remembered, however, that the relationship

between a sound and the letter that-symtoli itisarbitrary. Failure to recognize this has led to a proli-

feration of criti,isms about the Fijian spelling system,mostly because forms are not pronounced as they would heif they wem Engli h words. In the explanation belo',,

English examples are used to give an approximation of the_

'Fijian pronunciation. But they serve as only an approxi-

mation, and no more.

CONSONANT3 Approximate English Equiv4,lent

plp (Without the puff of air that

accompanies.an Engiiah p in wordslike pin. -Closer to tir.-Y E in sLln.

NOTES1. E is used only in borrowed words.

\


dr

VOWE

(as in uigiih not.

(as in English

No English symbol. This sound is madeby trilling or tapping the tip of thetongue against the r,um, ridge. opanishhas a similar r sound.

No Eng ish symbol. This soun , al-though interpreted as dr is actuallythe above r sound preceded by n.

1 in English like, buthe tIp of the tongue t ucbac f the teeth rather tgum dge.)

(as in English wet,

made w _hng then the

y ( adc wIth less tens__ -ss of musclethan the English sound.occurs only before a.)

This sound

Fijian has fiv- vowels, thereby using the

symbols-that English

The sounds represented are nearer-to those of Spanl-h orLatin AlthoUgh'fOur of the Fijian ioweIs sound A

But there the

ame vowel

imilarity ends.

to the Engli-h vowels in the words given as equivalents,the former do not end in a lIde. Por the first four ofthe following examples, only the starting point Of-the

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de with the tip of the tongueon the back of the teeth,' rather thanon the gum ridge, as in English. Alsowith less air-rnore like stone thantone.)

rt like sk± than key. In fastersp-_ h, particularly before an'unstressed vowel, there is not adefinite stoppage of air, but on y anarrowing of the passage. It alsomay become voiced in this position.No Eng.lish example can be given, butthe sound is similar to the inGerman sagen.)

mb (like mL in

nd (like nd in cani,

ng ike ng In finEor.)

No English symbol. Thio consonantsounds very similar to English v, butis made by narromlng the opening.betm enthe lips, rather than between the low rlip and upper teeth) as in EngliSh.

th then.)

m (as in English mat.)


DiphthOngs,

Although vowels like that In English make do not

occur in Fliian,

there is more

ma in

ome similar ones do. In vi f

culation of the I than the o

r spech, sequences like this becni. more anct mope liRe d phthongs.

Stress

In any seme are pronounced With

more lo dness or stress, than others. I- some

the stress is predi- able. It will occur under the 1oilowirig concat

1. On lon,, vewe7

the secoiidtoiast vol,Jel, unless the las

;el Is long.

Ti four-syllable words, on not onl the seeon

to-I sylie but also the first.

longe: words, only cond!itions 1 and 2 hold. Otherstresses are unpredictable.

P _ONUNCIATION DRILLS

ne learning a secon1 langua e has a ter-

to interpret the sounds he hears in terms of his

'language. -Thus he produces what is commonly called a

forel,n accent. The followiAg drills are aimed to givethe student practIce with the sounds Of Fijian that

lik ly't- be most dIffIcult for a speaker of English tG


English sound, a d not ide, should be used as

a model.

make.

En lish boat.

English move.

The a in Engl -h father is a.betterexample than those preceding; there isno off-glide in either the English orthe Fijian sound.

Long _vo els

In describing English sounds, the te_ 'Ion

traditionally applied to certain vowels and referred,

mainly to the quality -f the sound. For Fijian the term

is used in quite a di ferent sensethat of duration.

The difference between i and is that the latter las

longer than the former. Each of the five vowels can occur

long, and'there are pairs of .words that differ only in

was

that one has ,a short vowel and the other has a longone. Failure to mark thIs difference is one of the:majorweaknesses of the,traditional spelling system. In the

, present teaching material as well as in recent grammars

and dictionaries, .long vow-ls are marked as above'-- itha macron.


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nia 'benumbed'

B. Repeat the Fijian.

new (one dialect)

way

2. Fijia.1 vowel sequences vs. English diphthons.

In certain positions, Fijian vowel sequences arc

similar to Enp:lish diphthongs. , But for Fijian, there

two peaks, compared with one for the English examples.

A. Listen, but don't xepeat.

Fijian English

tel 'seacoast' tie

tau fall (rain) town

tao 'entangled' town

tel 'plant' take

tou (plant) ow

bai 'fence' by

Bau 'Eau' bough

bei 'accuse' bay

bou 'house post' bow

cai 'copulate' thy

cau 'present' thou

cei 1who-' they

cou 'bald' though

dau. 'expert' ,endow

dei 'firm' day

dou 'you three' dough

kai 'shell' kite

8


tO recognize and produco.

1. Fijian lonF; vowels vs. English diphthoncs.

Here, a 1on-7, 1ts lons.er in duration ti.ah a

short vowea, ar.6 tir. is not significant change in quality.

,In the ,tollowing exerce, -ijlan long vowels are contr:c'ted

ur:th sinli-ar English diphthon-thtit Is glided vowels.

A. Li:lten, but dr,iHt rt7,11;

Fijian

tI 'tpa' tea

'combine tow

tti 'stand' two.

ki (fish) key

k3 "hero' Kay

coo'

bI '11c-avy, be

bo 'seizc' bow

'oil 'drinking coconut' boo

Adi 'empty'

\d5 'animal exerement' day

d& 'rotten' dough

,d-T1 ',indeed' (dialect) do

, m1 'urinate' me

65 'goat' may

53 1 fsome so

mu 'buttocks' moo

9


soke 'knot'

kele 'anchor

s.ple 'covered wi

sore 'seed'

B. RGpeat.

mats'

i 'pick fruit by twist

keli 'dig'

soli 'give'

sori reeds'

, Initial j.

. The use in the Fijian spelling system of g for [ni

stems from a convention established'elsewhere in the

Pacific- .by the earlly missionaries. It is similar to the

final seu.ld in English sin3, but its occurrence in word-

initia] nosition in Fijian presents special problems to

speakern of EnpdisP

A. Listen'to the if.. rst serie , then repeat.

aga. aga[Repeat five times

ogo ogo ogo[Repeat five times

14.a II' [Repea five times]

ege ege e e[Repeat five times]

ugu uT:u gu gu[RePeat five tim ]

ga

go go

3. Rppeat

--Ta 'gape'

galu 'dumb'

gE 'do'

gone 'child'

gunu 'drink'

gai 'pet pi

gatu ta a''

Ri 'to queal'

7f7;u lernest,

gusu 'mouth'


ka 'tree

kei 'of'

kou t ut'

B, ReocaL the F1jLan.

Long Ort vowels.

A. LAstn, but d 't rep

kila 'wild'

la itchy'

tara 'built'

toro 'shave'

eula 'needle'

lolc 'coconut juiee'

kaka tutter'

kola ''.ut in pieces'1

B. Repeat

Kay

coat

kilã 'knowmila .ratch'

tara 'touch'

tor3 'pig sty'"

1o1- (type

kaki; 'parrot'

kol5 (transitive)

_

4. Final -e vs.

Although in faster speech there is some falli

together of these two sounds,

slower speech.

A. ,Li ten,-ba don repeat.

sis (fish) s1s 'slide

kept distin-t in

kab coVer n. oco- kab 'adhere'nut leaf'

qa 'old person' ciasi 'crawl'

yate 'liver' yati''move wly'

teke 'kick teki


C. Lstcn but

ra

rau

rawa

In

ro

,roko

-4-

rou

rr.peat.

ruku

ratu

rut

speech, thc sound is often mae gum ridge only once with the tip f the tongue.

)=1,nc

similar to the articulation o / in Ame):.1,..

Engiish.

E. Li- en, d -'t repeat.

later

-latter water

matter butter

batter city

better pity

F. Repeat.

G. Listen, but don't repeat;\

cara 'clear path' koro -lage'

et_ 'pri.i;e kiri\

ciri 'drift' kar 'Iwle canoecori tether' .,keve

CQP0 single' kirovhollowH. Repe,,t.

I. Li-t n, but repea

12


egative

.Some learners subst tute [ -or [ng] for Listenthe fOilowng nironuniati

_

gone [gone]

galu [ ]

gusU Tng sul

gatu [ngatu]

- D. Repest

gone galu gusu gatu

E. D

Repond with r1pht or wrong for the followingatt mpts to produce an initial Er13

na RIMIT rusu RIGHT. RIGHT :

WRONG .gusu WRONG hi RIGHTngone WRONG rRuiu WRONG. nOe RIGHT,nunu RIGHT n5 - RI.,_ _ .gatU WRONGge .,WRONG n al RIGHT ng5 'WRONG

6. TrIlled dr flap

,

For the production of a tonguet ip. trill- the tongueis no manipulated Voluntarfly, but dnstead moved by theair stream. Although the sound does nbt . occur in theEnglish sound syatern, some 'children prodbce it when Irni-tating a motor o :a machine gun.

A. DemonStration. Listen, but dp not repea

-Repeat

13


Prenas tops b., )1.,

These sprenasali', stops are very sImilar to Eng)illnd.[, and na (as in finger) , but in Fijian they occUP

in wo-)M-initial position as well as medial. Initially,,the .easalization before the [b] and the [d] may be ra:t.):

-weak; that before [g] is mainta Tied..

. A. .Li ten but don't repeat'.

ba Tfish fenr-.0 dl ' fe es ' CII/s

bai fence) dara 'slip' (jai 'then'11R)E3

dau 'commit ad l- ery' galo 'swim'

oq3 'thi5

,...,..

j51,/heavily laden' vodo 'ride'

7/obo 'clap" keda 'us'

, 9. Prenasali ed trill or Tlap.

.Tho sound that is written dr 'is phonetically. a

Vu4a ' many I-

[ eqmnee 04 a 'plUs a- trilled or flapped r. The dresult of the movements the tongue goes through intransition frco n to r.

A. Listen, but don t repeat.

dra 'blood'vadra 'pandanus

drau leaf'kedra 'their°

.

dr-e- 'pull'tadra 'dream'

dri 'sea cucumJ.17

dre 'run away '

H..: Repeat.

14


ra

rai

rau

rawa

rT)

rogo rusi

roka ruku

roko ratu

rou rui

Repea

Contrast between R

[not to be taped]

Fijian v, although very

v [a] and English v [y].

ar in sound to EnglIsh

! Is not produod wIth the lips and the teeth, but .with

I?oth 1ips instead. The lips are rather spread, not rou ded,

Temonstration_[visual]

Fijian and English v.

Fijian

vR 'four'

the difference between

Engli

/va/

vei 'there' /Vey/

,you /vow/

vau 'hibiscus' i vow

via 'want. via

y5 'urinal' /vow/

B. Repeat.

va v3 YU

vei vatu vosa

You vola vua

vau, voli vudi

via vonu vuka


that there is sometimes a meaninr; change in the transfer,But the Fijl.an forms are atTleest partially predletnifrom the English sources.

Because uf the nature of the two sound -ystems--

Engli*h and. Fijiantheloans have'heen adapted to fit

. Fijian sysi-em and Still, for the most part, sound as

close to the original model a,fs possible. The chancPr3

occuv are due not only to the'differences in the listsof vowel* and consonants, but also to the way they pat-tern in each syStem. An English syllable is a phonemtcal)-

complek unit, capable of beginning with as many as th,:-c.c,:

-consonants .(/ornstsnrnst's). HoWeveT 'a F3jian sylla -

ble consists either of-avowelalone, or a cofisonant

followed.by a vowel. The result of this difference in

otructures Is that Ent.7,11sn consonant cluter... .4re

, -reduced for the,Fijian form, or they are separated byinserted vowels. Since final consonants do not ochu:,

Fijian, either reduction occUTS) or a final vowel isadded.

The following chartsshoW poss'ble correspondencesfor English and Fijian sounds.

1 ti


EngisboowInsAs the Fijians contact with nglish-speaking people

increased, It was inevitable that they would accept notonly the f reigne contributions to their ulture,-bualso their names for these gifts. these are some examples:

alakao,aijiniauamisilamanui

alcoholhygienehourmeaslesman-of-war

By 1941 (the date of the Fij an dic ionary ), it

likely that the number of Engli h borrow ngs inuse wasalready higI However, the dictionary lIsts fewer than250. ,In 19681 approximately 450 pags of newspaier textwere culled for borrowings', and over 500-were Counted,not Including prope1. names. The disparity between the.-numbers shows that it is diffIcult for'beginning studentsof the language to read.the newspaper with the aid or

the-dictionarys,since many of the Fijian spellings seemquite unlike to'English'spurce wordsi and many of Itsmeanings are rather different in Fijian. In addit on'to

the borrowings omit ed in'.1941 and those that have comeinto use'after that date,-there are some like kOteme

'god damn (It) and konoVoe succession of men havingint6reourse wi'h one woman' (English 'convoy') that arenot likely to find their way ,into a ,dictionary comp_ led,by a' Missionary. the ekamples show' that the En lishsources for the borro_ings are not always obvious and

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MIC, LT SU

c

Cons onant Correspondences

FIJIAN

pV

k

/IT

nt d

rjk q

d

n d

dt

S s (1)

. V V

1 8

Ii

6

-Fr

rig d

ji't1

IT.

U

ix;


el Corresponuences

ENGLISH

u

. ey

FIJIAN

.e

a

ew

ay

e

a

a

uw

W

0

a

au

0

OU

01

The added vo els are di_ficUlt't0 predl

with (0---:othetImes. 0c_curringare,hy far the most comb

after 1, a after lc, and u aft But in some words,

aiimIlation takes place, and the',a clod vowel ie the

same as surrounding vowels.


-S3_ONS _

A i matal nilEs

-reetings; Whe Classroom and language-learningexpressio.,xpre5sions;

A.

B.

A.

Dialogue for mcmoriat ion.

sa yadra. Good mo ming.

NI2 s. hula. Greetin

-Oni.2 s-a lake ki vei. Wh re- a

B. Ki na makete.1 To the market.

A. E vei beka3 namarkc

Be Cya. Darulr Over there. Let's

A. To. S. vinaka. OK. -Good.

NOTE5

1. -L6soni shows some or the commonest pa 3.TisrordS-. -The consonants provided no.problemform; phonetically-Fijian 1, and,ff are not ilochfvom the correspon-'ingGnglish sounds. Tbe.ftto be expected) but the second is probably theof Enc,lista spelling. The i added at the .end Ls froilon, pai-t after n mad other dental br alvolzcrLlounds. 8ince'Fijian regularly stresses the second-tf,'last vowel,seme forms,similar to this one have afirst- 'vowel,. thus stressing that one and mytChiJT,losely the English stre4s pattern.. This, .alon i

for the long vowel in m5ke_ , in the dialogue-.

mci

:.;on,monwealth pronunciation or syllable-final r,

2 0

f, .


1.2

2. OnT can be plural, bLt here-it is a polite form forone,. person. For many of the .o- pronouns, ko- also appear0--,forms usUally occur at the-beginning of sentencesind elsewhere in faster sp ch. There is no difference inxeaning.

3. Beka is alsoof making a reques

4, Daruspoken to .

the latter.

ed for politeness,- It has the effector suggestion less abrupt. 7

-s to two people, the speaker and the personcalled 'inclusive,' since it includes

II. epetItion drill.

Repe t the- following after

S. yadrasa bula

sa yadr6, saka-.SR bula, saka.Drau bula.Dou bula.Ni sa bula, na marana

10i ha ttraga.3. mo e.

saka.

III. Reoetitiondrill.

SR bula,.

sa yadra.Vinaka na eacacakNi Mai kana mada.

0 hula vinaka?'sa mooe.Drau bUla.

NOTES

Mada is usedThe -Enzlish

These: -tand 'no'. It

distinctior

the n del.

'Good morning.Greetings.Greetings.Good morning, sir.Greetings, sir.Greeting6 to yoU (2).Greetings' to yOu (3).greetings to a crowd)

Goodbye.Goodbye,

Et7-12.2asIP

Ni sH bula.Ni BR Yadra.Io.SR Vinaka. (yes)SR vinaka vakalevu. (no)2I°, vaka-lailai.Ni sH moce.Ia, vinaka na hula.

D make coMmands or.mquest_valent might be Nould you m

essions drcan be the

ot al ays refer to.onation that mak

abiupt.nd.

'yes's the


V. Simp e substitutjon1

Cue

make e.tUragamaramavalevale lailaikoromakete

drill.

Sentence pattern

E vei beka

E vei bekaE vei bekaE vei-bekaE vei beka,E vei-bekaE vei bekaE vei beka

VI. Supplementary dialogue.

A: 01 cei na yacamunT?

B: Na yacaqu o Rusi,Na yacamunT?

A:. Oiau, o Jone.

B; OnI lako mai vei?

. A: Au lako mai Hawaii.Oni sa iako Maivei?

_Au lako mai Bau.-

vu . work- ph

Yalo vinaka.Tale mada.Vaka-malua.Vaka-totolo.Vosoti,au.Tulou.6SE dodonu?Io.Sega.Au sega.niE,sega ni macala,nit Icy rut tw\t-'444.,,('%.,ra LA larsvc,box-LA sdia

NOTES

ci cia

na makete?

1.3

na makete.na tUraga?na marama?na Vale?na vale laila1

.

na korona make e?

What's your name?

My name's Rusi.Your name?

I'm John.

Where do you come om?

I come from Hawaii.Where do you come

come from Bau.

_room expressi

Please.Again.

Fast.Pardon me.Pardon me.It is right?Ye

-No6I'don't know.

I) don't understand./TOT clear)

kohe-.Wi-11

ons:*

1, 0 <or ko in slower speech) occurs before proper noumkoya 'he, she', and cei 'who' when another marker is notused. FOr example, in Au lake mai Hawaii, o is not usedbefore Raw ii, since mar-fiiii6117-7-01.


2. Tulpu (or tilou) is always used if soMeone p'assessomething, stands, or reaches over another person's head,particularly ir that person is of high rank. It is alsosaid when walking through a crowded area with littlewalking space. It is not used in the other ways thatEnglish 'excuse me' or 'pardon me' is used; that is, to

.

attract someone's attention, to take leave, or t -apologize.for an impolite action.

A cava beka na vosa vaka-vdlagi ni ?'

A cava beka,na vosa vaka-viti ni '?

A cava beka ni kenabalebale na

Vinaka.Vinaka vaka-levu.

VIII. VOcabulary.'

aa iaubalebale,Baubeka

buia

eakacakaeavaeel'darUdodonudoudrau-..

ía,e-

1.6

kanakeikikilikorokoya, oyilako1-6soni

What's the English word for

What's theJljian word or.

What the meaning of

Thank you. (good)Thank you very much.

cotmon articlethe1st person sin ularmeaning'island nameperhaps, if you pleare,

expressing doubtlive, recover from illness;alive, sound in health; lisa bula 'good day, hello'

workwhat, which -.

who1st person dual inclusiveright, correct, straight2nd person trial2nd person dual(1) verbal particle, (2) in, atbut, and; sometimes also as avariant on io 'yes'

yeseatwith, andtoltowardsknowvillagethat, ther_ di

,g0lesson (Engl.)


macalamada

maketemarama

1.5

_clear, plain, intelligibleplease; ,used to make a comMand

or suggestion less--abruptmarket (Engl.)lady

matai firstmoce sleep, goodbye-muni 2hd person plural or singular

politena marker for common nouns-ni_ of

.hi 2nd person plural. See onro marker for proper nouns. Also,.kooiau contraction of ko 4- auoni -2nd person plural or singular

polite. Also, konS-qu 1st person singular

-..sa verbal par icle-saka sir, madamsega no

_sega ni not,tale againtulou pardon metUraga chiefvaka-lailai a littlevaka-levu greatly, a lot-vaka-malua S slowlyYaka-totolo fastVaka-valag EnglishVakaviti S

Fijianvale _ housevale lailai toiletvei wherevinaka good, thank' youvosa speak, talk; word, talk, speech,

'languagepardon mename .

Wake, good mQrnIrg -

lease

vosotl auyacayadrayalo vinaka

2 4


2 1

FIJIAN

A i ka rda ni soni

(Who? Equat onal sentences1 Attrlbuti. on)

I. . Dialogue to be memorized.

John: 0 cei oy? Who's that?

Rusi: 0 Pita. It's Peter.

ohn: E kai2 Viti 0 IsAic Fijikoya?

Rusi: Io. E gone3 ni Yes. He's from Vanua Levu.Vanua Levu.

John: A cava na nona Wha his ork?cakacaka?

Rusi: E qase ni vuli. He's :a teacher.

John: 'nE koro nI vulicava?

Rusi: Queen Vic oriaSchool.

Which school?

Queen VictorIa School.

John: E koro ni vuli Is it,a good schdol?vinaka?

Io. E dua nakoro ni vulivinaka.

Yes. It'sa good school...

1.- The phrases iii the equatIonal sent nces can be _Arked

Co cei)'(oya)(a: cavd) (na nona cakacaka)(e kai Viti) (o koya)

2. Kai refers to an inhabitant of a place. Once usedonly for males, it can now beu ed for females also.

3 The literal meaning-of gone is 'child'.

23


II. Repeti ion.

na tUraga oya?

na marama oya?

O cei o koya?

0 cpi oya?

O cei oq3?

O eel ociori?

O cei o i a?

O cei na yacamunI?

mple substitution.

Cue

oq5o koyana tUra ana marama-na yacamunTna qase ni vulina yacana

- IV. RepetitiOn,

Na koro ni vull cava?Na.mikete cava?.Na leeoni cava?Na korocava?Na,tUraga eava?Na marama cava?

V. Simple substi ution.

Who's

Who's

Who's

Whols

Who's

that chief.

that lady?

be?

that .dis ant)?

this?

2.2

_Who's that -(by a-dre ee).

Who are they (plural

What'S your

Sentence ER11.=

O cei oq6?

O cei oqö?O cei o koya?

Which-sehool?WhAch'market?Which lesson?Which Villa -e?Which Chief?-Which lady?'

Pattern: Na koro ni,vul_ caVa?

Sentence E!1:12=

No koro ni vuli cava?

kor0 ni vull Na,koro ni vuli_cava?

Cue


makete.lEsonikorotaragamaramatamatayalewataganegone

,cakacnka

9

VI. Repetftion.

E dua na gone. A child.E dua na cauravou. 'A youth.E dua na vale. A hous.e.E dua na (lase. 'An old person.E dua na (lase ni vuli. A teacher.E dua.na koro. A.village.E dua na koro ni vuli. A school'.E .dua na niu. A coconut.E dua'na .61 ni niU. A coconutE dua na vu ni kau. A tree.

ViIa. SImple substitutIon.

Cue

-; mataitBragadau teiteikai Vitikai Merikakai muabull'tamata vinakacauravou(lase .

VIIb.

2.3

Sentence pattern

E dua na gaselni_vuli o ko--

'E.dua na matai o koya.E dua na.tUraga o koyn.E dua na dau teite-1

9

'Cue Sentehce p_ttern

Na koro cava?

koro ni vpli Na koro ni vuli cava?gaze Na gaze cava?clase nivuli Na (lase ni vuli cava?

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gone -

:gone vulivaleeauraveuyalewatagane.

VIII. Simple subs

Cue

o Pitaooiauo iko,na tamat6, OQ Z,ha eauravou oqbna yal.eWa oqo .

na tUraga oyM.na gone vuli ocjna qase ni vuli oq0

IX. -Repetition.

E-)E

2,11

ence pAtteED

na kai Viti o koya.,

dua na : Viti o Pita.,dua na kai Viti o koya.dua na kai Viti

Repeat the above sen ences after the model, which nowhas question intonation.

X. Question and ansv

The following questions themselves serve as a modLI forthe answer.- Only io-'yes' need be added, and the intona-tion thanged.from EiTicstion to statement. The word orderremains-the same. -

Question Answe

E dua na gone vuli o koya? Io, e dua na gpne vull o keya.

mataisautiiragakai muakai Viti:;gone vull

.

qase ni vulieauravoumaramadau teiteitamata vinaka,puli

8


XI. Repetlition.

NaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNa

tiaraga levut5raga vinakavalesvinakavale levuvale lailaikoro lailaikoro levuvale batabatavale balayuvale tabu-'

XII.. SimDle

.5

Pattern: E dua na vale

Cue

talevulailaiAmtaka_abatabattabubalavutTiraga,

The big chiefThe good chiefThe good houseThe big houseThe small house, theTho small villageThe big villageThe cool.houseThe,long -house,The. church (lit.

2.5

e

vinaka

Sentenoe pattern

E dug na vale vinaka.

-E dua na valeE dua na vale levu.

XIII. Variable slot drill.One or the=other of the underlined words in the modelmay be replaced by the cue.

Cue

Cakoroyalewamãtaigone-lallaivale_batabata

Sentence

E dua na tamata Vinaka.

dua ha tamata 'ca.E chra n a koro

1..-11R1e- tabu is the patholio term for eh: ch building.The geiieyahs use. vale_ni 1otu.


drakivinakaeabullbalavuvu ni niu

XIV. Question and answe

Pattern: A cava oqö?

Cue (11 h pi-cturos)

-17171 nI niu

valevale lailai'vale tabuyalewataganegonekoro-mataisaugone daudau teitei

)"%f. Vocabulary

balavubatabatabull-cacauravoudau .

dau teiteidrakidua

V.

gonegene daugone vuliikeiraka.

kakal muakatakatakau

A

2.6

/ha 's thsRe onse

cieTd na vti ni niOclori na vale.Oqorl na vale lai -1.

long, tallcold, coolnessadministrative offlcalbad, evil, ruinyouthexpertfarmerweatherblle; preceding nouns it bece

n.indefinIte article as e duana,tamata ''a man'

childfishermanstudent2nd person singular3rd person plurAlAs i ka prefix ferming ordinal

. ruirTirals from cardinals;ka rua 'second'

inhabitant ofsailer-hot, feverishwood- stick, tree

3 0


2,7

kbro ni vulia schoolkoya3rd person singularlanaismalllevubig, r,reat, largematai,sMart, expert, skilled; carpenmataisaucarpenterMerikaAmerica. Also Aterikamuaas in kal_mua-na3rd pen Zngularniucoconutoc13here, this -(by the speaker)oqorithere, that (by the addressee)(laseold person(lase ni vuliteacherruatwotabuaecyed orbiddentaganemaletamatapersontpitei, ifarm, arden plovale tabuchurch buIldIng.Vanua LevuaecOnd largest-isla d in theFiji GroupViti

Fijivuroot, sourcevulilearn,ni kau tree,vtl ni niucoconut treeyalewawamen

2, 1


A ::_ ka tolu ni 16soni

(Comment-tvici Wh(,re?: LocEJ.veequational srntenc Question into

I. Dia -gue to be menorId.

A: A cave a cakava What 's he deino :oya?

E cakacaka,tiko.

E cakacakc tikoe vei?

E cakacaka tiko mel He'sSuva.

E .i_vu na nonacakacaka?

Lots _f w

3 1

s; Review

Suva.

B: lo E levu dina. Yes. Heally lots.

A: S5 ded& na.nonacakaeaka e kea?

B: I°. Si tolu na

Has he wrked there long.

three years.

1. The comment part of a'ae to w1,-%t is happeninIt is SiErfc(iTiTo the predicato The Lp_pie sta-esthe doer of' the action or the subj&cL of the comment. Notethat in English that the topic is mentio ed- first, and then_something is said about it. In Fijian, the order for mar-Aysentence types is revrirsqd.

Notice that In tne second, third-, and fourth lines inthe dia3oguee the tcpic'(which could be 0 koya AneT) isomitted. This is normal conversti.onal stYle; if the topicwere restated in each sent3nco, the style would oe stilted.The drills, which do not , tempt to be conversational, 0include both thecomment Eind the topic,

2. T!,.ko, which means literally stay', is used afterthe verb to Andicate a p-x)grossi or habitual action.

3_ In many- sentences, se.- and e. ae interchangeable Attimes, Sa is more emphatfc than c. Attempts to exp ain-_the difference more explicitly have usually failed.Imitate the model.


II. RepetitIon dr1Y.

0

cakacaka til _

moce tiko_ o Rus .

moku s _ o i110.dabe tlko na qccici tiko na gone.dci tiko ovosa tiko o Janelaga sore tiko o More.cialo tiko o RusA .

goli tike a koya.

Cue

iakoRanalaga seremocegalegenmoku sigayobs a

gitotu cakedabeeicigalevaka-cegU

ruatolu[The ins

3. 2

He rking.Rusi1s s1copingYou're wasting time.The old man is sitting down.The child is. running.He running.John talking.Mary . singing.Rusi swimming.He's fihing.

-ubstitutlon.

. Sentence_

-oak& tiko o koya.

E lako tiko o koya.E kana tiko o koya.

Sentence

E dua2 na gone.

E rua ha gone.E telu na gone..

uctor cent nues the drill With numbers up to ten.]

1. Moku silra means literally 'kill the day '

2. . Numeral. fit into the same slot as the verbs In theprevious drills. E ruu na .gone means literally 'are two thechildren' ; an idiomatic tvanslation is 'two children' 'or'there are two children


IV. Q 5tion and anL-,wer.

With pi

Sample

Q: A cava aj?

e dua na rone.

Q: A cava e cakava lAka?

A: E cabct1ko a k

Other ve.rbs that can be alctured .

macekanapunytaubalecici.lagaqolisiwa(-Tito

b. 1,..Tith objec

P. eava ocla

A: Oco_-i,:na pent.-

Other ob -cts

volasotetarauses-i vavavinivb

Repetitaon.

E levu na vale 1

vinaka na vale.

The house is big. (or, Thereare a_lot Of houses.

The house iS'good.

1. Note tha_ ese 'adjectives fit into the_ saale pattern'aslierbs. Thus there is no structural difference between:.Sa kama na vale 'The-house as burning andSa levu-na vale 'The house is big.'3 4Hosted for free on livelingua.com

E

vinaka na waga .

lanai nalaliai na motoka.cd na motokR.cA na moto.balavu na mote.balavu na gaunisala.vinaka na gaunisala.lovu na vanUa.vinaka na vanua.

VI. Simpl, substitution.

Cue

lailaIbatabatEkatakatavinakamakawa-galalalekalekatabu

VII. Varlab e -lot.

Cue

vinakamotokdeRwaqa.kamp'A:dtblobogibatabatdkEkanalevuuoa-algavanuabuti5

rTheTheTheTheTheTheTheTheTheThe

canoe is Good. ,

canoe is .small.car is small.car is bad.spoar is bad.spear is long.road Is long,road Is good.place is big.land is good.

Sentence

SE na vale.

Sd lailai na vale.SE batabatdna vale.sa katakata na Vale.

Sentence

SE levu na vale.

S. vinaka na vale._S5 Vinaka na motok5.SR CR na motokd.Sd cã na waa.sa kama naSd totold na wage.S5 totolo na bogi;Sd_batabatd na bogi.sa batabatd na kakana.sa levuna kRkana,,.85 levu.na uCa.sa siga na uca.S5 siga na Vanua.sa buto na vanua.

VIII. QestIon and answer.

3.11


Qu- tion Answer_

SA levu na uca? Io, ga levu na uca.sa vinaka na vale Io, si Ninaka na vale..sa balavu na gaunisa_a?#

sa bula vinaka na tUraga?Si kele na moto1c5?sa lailaina uca?Si.batabati na val-?Si soko na waqa?Si gata na mote?sa yawa na yanuyanu?sa levUna koro?,sa vinaka na kikana:Si vinaka na vale ni kana?Si vinakana valet ni yagona?Si Vinaka na vale ni yagona ni Viti.Si ievu na'ika?.

IX.eons

Cue

ika

3;5

iven the cue, which may be'either topic or,comment,uct a sentence on the above model

vinakalevu

,balavu-batabatikorovale'waqaucavale ni kana

Possible relp_ars1R

Si levu na ika.E tolu na ika.Si,vinaka na ika.

X. .Repetifion.

E lako ki na mikc o koya.E tiko Mai Suva.4-E lako mai Merika o,Pita.-E cakacaka tiIo mai Viti o:koya.E. lake ki na vale ni kana o Rusi.

1. Place .naTes take no additional marker when used withthe directionals. Thus:ki na miketeki Suva

3 6


tiko mai Vanua Levu o Mere.E lako ki na motoka o Sala,E lako ki na waqa na tUraga oc-15.E eakacaka tiko mai, na koro ni v-1

rwnata'a oq3.

XI. Simple substituA on.

Cue

Lautokana bosena waqana motok4na bose.-na valena valena valena koro-

_na koro niVanua Levuna sitoa..---na-yanuyanuTamavua

ninini

yagonakana:kuro

vuli

XII. Que-tion and

Ques-ion: E lako ki vei o koya?

Cue

cr.

3.6

Sentence

E lako kl Suva o koya.

E lako ki Lautoka o koya.E lako ki na bose o koya.

Answer

na makete E lako ki na makete o koya..Suva- E lako ki Suva o k6ya.Lautokana bosena wklana vale ni kanana vale ni kurona vale ni yacionana vale ni yagena ru vavRiagisna korona koto ni vuli'Vanua LevUna sitoa

:.TamaVuana yanuyanu'_ 3 7


XIII.. Simple subs titution.

Cur

Vat )0,,oula

Nac_BR

'SicatokaNavuaTavuaLabasaSavusavuLakeba

XIV. Q A- 'ion and answer.

Cue

ZLI a vu

LabasaSbmosomoLamiWainibukaKorolevuSigatokaLomaivitiYasawa

3.7

IC

Era lako mat .Lau na gone vuli.Era gone r1 Lau.

Era lako mai Vat koula na g-nevuli.

Era gone ni Vatukoula.f

Sentence_

Era lako mai vei na A talatala?Era lako mai Lakeba.

Era lako mai vei na-i tal- ala.Era lako mai Savusavu.

XV. RepetItion.

E tiko mai Lakeba o-koya.Era tiko mai Korolevu na yalewa.'E cakacaka tiko e Hawaii o Samu4',E Vulf tiko e Hawaii o koya,.

I. Mai is used with place- away from tli-. der. 'Thus,

someone in Suva would us0 mat .ri1fl sayin6 u one is fromNadi. But if he said someone was from. Suva or FIjI, he would-

-- _tise e.


3.8

XVI. SubstItution. Use mai or e, depending on thelocation of the spea er and of tho cue.

Cue Sen'ente

E tiko c Hawaii o kaya.

Suva E tiko mai Suva o koya.Merika E tiko.e Merika-o koya.

LMoloka'iHiloLautokaHamakuaTavuaRakiraki'YasaWaLauLomaiviti

XVII. Vocabular

bogibose

nightmeetingdark'

caka-va caka 'do, make, wotrans. takava

cidi rundabe sitded6 long (time)

.dina true, genuine, since e, worthy-era_ -3rd person pluralgade walk, stroll, gp for pleasuregalala emptygata. -sharpgaunisala path, track, rbadika fish-kakana - foodkama

-burn

-...

kea, keya, therekele

, arrive, come t- a stoplaga sere singlekaleka short _

mai preposition or place or"movement

makawa oidmOku hit,-usually with a stickmoku siga kill time or pass time'moto spearmotoka motor car (Engljpeni-, pen, penny (Engl.gale, swim

.


sitoasiwasokosotetaiatala,

, tarausesetaubaletiko

tlkotolutotolo

cake

ucavaka-c guvale ni kana:vale ni kUrovale ni yagonavanua

vavUlagiviniv5volawaqayabakiyanuyanuvaqonayawa

_

Place na-es

KorolevuLabasaLakebaLamiL'au

LautokaLomaivitiNadiNausoriNavuaRakirakiSavusavuSigatokgSuva .

Somosomo

3.9

playfish with ne_day, stop raining, d-ylight,

sunny_tore (Engl.)line fishingsail 4

shirt (Engl.)ministertrousers (Engl,.).walkl str011a sign of continuation, progressor habituai-action

pit, remain, be in a placethreefast, Cluicktand up; ta. -e at a.place'cake -'upT-

rainrest,-mtireeating hOuse, restaurant cafekitchentcooking house,yagona drinking houseland, placeshoe, sandalCaucasian. Also vAlagidress (Engl pinafprerletter, bookboatyearislandkavadistant, distance

).

4 0


3 10

Tamavua.TavuaVat ukoulaWaini0 uk aYas aw a


4.1

FIJ_ AN

A :1 ica v ni lsoni(Time expresi %ft:, and future negativer via)

I. Dialogue to be memorie/. d.

A: E vei o MO An Wher,'s o? I want. to evial ralci koya.

E a lake' ki _Jami okeya.

He went to Lam .

E. a lako c -.Wben did he go?

8 na mataka ego.

E a sega ni lakee nanoa?

E dai_ ,

E n6 lesii tale mai-p- naioa?

E na nqtca ni,mat6.,a.

II. Repet tion.

This morning.

He didn't g0 yesterday?

No- ted y.

When will he come Back?.

Tomorrow m -ning.

E a lake e nanea.E a lake e na matakaE a lake .e ncr.vula o MU.E a lake -6 na si.ga M5nit1 .

ha lake e na sigaE na lesu tale mai ni mataka.E na lesu tale mai ena vula 0E na lesu tale mai e na bogi.E na le&u tale mai e .na yakavi.E a lesu tale mai e' naneat; a lesu tale .mai e na mataka.

r1

Ti-seba.

via 'want 0 owed only by verbs . T us Au viaWaife to e)', Au via_gunu 'I'm thirsty I want teIl a newt' is uthed as the -object sof 'want' vinakata isviAakata na k on5 'I want this' (

4


11.2

2. Note the difference in the answers to negative ques ionsin:English and Fijian:

',-ENGLISH: -Didnst he go? No, he didn't.FIJIAN: .E a sega ni lako? Io (yes), e a segalli lake..

.The English answer is to the 'sense'of the question;the Fijian-answer is to .the construction of the question.

Ia. Substitutiorr.

-Cue Sentence

E na lesu-tale mai ni mataka._

e_na vula o Me E na lesu tale.mai e na vula,o-e,na vula o Januerl E na lesu tale mal e na vula o

Janueri.e na vula o Maj

.

e namataka ni matakae n4 bogie ,na.bogi ni matakae na yakavi-e na yekavi ni mataka.e daidaie na yakaVi e daldaie na matakae na mataka e daidai

Mb.

niti'Januar-Feperueri.,Vakarauwai[continue with mon hs anç days]

E na vula 0 Januer,

E na (Aga nniti.

IIIc. Depending on the cue, ohoose.the approp- a etense marker, a or na.

E a lako e.nanoa.EhiTa lako nr-FilTaka.

,ni mataka E na lako ni mataka..-e nanoa E a lako.e nanoa.e daidai E.a lako e daidai./E na lake

daidai.e na \Tula o June E a lako e na vula o JunQ,./

E na lako e na vula o June.e na m4taka'ni mataka E na lako-e na mataka ni mataka.


e na bog& ni matakae na tolu na kaleke

e na mataka e leae na yakavi c nia_

na yakavi.ni matnki.

e na bouj

IV. Repetition.

Au via lake-AU via mace.Au via kana.E via grm.o k6ya.O via mate2O via laki-siwa.O 'via g75c16?O via aka-jcegu?O via rrilki;

mataka.

y. Subst1fut,ion.

Cue

E,

/

na lake e na begi nt' ma ka.a lako e na tolu na/kaleko:/,E na lako,e na toilu na kaleke.a lake c na mataka e nanoaCa,lako e na yak vi e nana.ona lake e na y kavi ni mataka:a lake e na b, ./E na lakoe na bogi. /

lesu t le maigunugunu biataralaladanlsigaalake ki na vale ni yarionalake ki sara yaloyalomace e ce

kanalake ki kana

VI. Variable slot.

Cue

* The w;toriEA indlcal;e1which new vocabulary,

,Sentence

0 via lake e na bog-_

O via lesu tale mai e na- beg_O via gunu e'na bogi?O via gunu bia e na begi?

. .

Senten'ce

E a via moce mai Tavua

414

nanea o Samu.

!CO or a pattern in o \

lessen, mIght be use


iko

lako

ki

Peni

taubale

mai

cakacaka

e na bogi

moce

na tUrao.

Nausori

lesu tale

e na yakavi

e na. mataka

na Bull

na mata ni vanua

VII. Question and a

Questions:

Cue

LI'.

E a via tiko mai Tavua e nanoao Samu.

E a via jako mai Tavua e nanoao Samu.-

E a via lake ki Tavua e nanoao Samu.

E a via lako ki Tavua e nanoao Peni.

E a via taubale ki TavUa.enanoa 0 Peni.

E a via taubale mai Tavua,enanoa o Peni

E a via cakacaka mai Tavua enanoa o Peni.

E a via cakacaka mai Tavua ena bogi

E a via mace mai Tavua e nabogi-o Peni.

E a via,moce mai.Tavua e -nabogi na tUraga.

E a via moce mai NaUsori e nabogi na tUraga.

E a-via lesu tale mai Nausorie na bogi na tUraga.

E a via lesu tale mai Nausorie na yakavi na triraga.

E a via lesu tale mai Nausorie na mataka.ha tUraga.

E a via lesu tale mai Nausorie na mataka na bull. .

E a via lesu tale mai Nausorie na mataka_na mata hi vanua..

or.

E a lako e na sga .cava?E na lako p na siga cava?

hi matakae na matakae na sigalevue nt yakavie na bogie nanoae na mricawa sR otle na vula sA ote na yabakisE otina.mRcawa mai muri

e na vula mai ociae na yabaki.mai oc15e na micawa mai oci5

Answer

E na lako ni mataka.E a/na lake 6 na mataka.. .

45


VIII . Repetition.

4,5

Auna sega ni in'ki si ii pmtalE a scg ni lakn e na vula

na sega ru les (7 na stga Mbniti.E na sega.n_ lnsu taie mai e na 'vula o Tiseba.E a scnnI lest/ mai cE na sca ani'A, Suva o na yakavi..

sa na_sega-ni'tara valo nt mataka.E sega ni macala-e na'slgalevu nikua.E na sega ni lalki.Suva ci na,mTreawa mal OciTi.-E a sega na gird5-e n loflia nf vula rua sa oti.

IX. cLL ea the -fellow.J. g -entenees.

Au na siwa ni matai.E a lako e na vula-oE na lesu tale mai o ,141E na lesu- tale .mai e na vula o Tlsoba.E a lesu mai e na bogi.F na la'ki Suva e na yalcavi.E sa na tara vale ni, mataka,

.

E na macala e na sigaleVu nUuaE na lalki Suva e na mdeawa mai oei.-E a gtide7 e na loma ni vula rua sl oti.

Xa. E;:picn drf11.

Cue

seEa rvaka-lev

e ha mat

lailai'

nanoa

e rna

Nu;

Sentence

AU via kana.

Au .,ega.ni via kana.Au saga ni via kana vaka-levu.Au a,sega ni via kana vaka-levu.Au a. sega ni via kana vaka-levue ha mataka.

Au a Sega ni via kana vaka-levu-e na mataka lailai.

Au a sega ni via kana vaka-levue na mataka lailai e nanoa.

E soko.

E soko e na waga.E na soko e na maga.E na soko e na waqa kl Mukul.,E na soko e na waqa ki Nukui

e na yakavi..


ni mataka

sega

Xc .

viaaserra niki na valee na bogina Si a TiMiti

XI. Repetit on.

Au via gunu.Au vinakata na wai ni

Au via kana.Au vinakata na kaka a.

b Via mate?'O yinOcata iia maLu?

(t) via ;s- waY

0 vinakata na siwa?1

1

XII. 1Sub-

Use either via_ or v

Cue

na k416.nasisiliSlwan,1 wa ni 1wayacionc.moce'

dau sAwa'

A.6,

)

E na soko e na waqa ki .Nukuip: na Yakavi ni mataka.

E na sega ni soko e na waqatkiNukui e na yakavi ni mat,aka.

o.

I want to drink.I want lemon juice.

I want to eat .

I want food.

Do you want to die?'Do you want death?

Do you want' to -fish?Do you like fishing?

Sentence

Au via alnu wai ni moll.

AuAuAUAuAuAu

vinakata na kakana.via sisili.via siwa.vinakata na wit ni.vintkata na yaciona.via moce.

more often asked.


na i-mocemoce .

vakatotelo'na totolo.

.

na savasa

Au vinakata na I mocemoce.Au via. vaka-totolo.

.11u vinakata-na totelo.Au vinakata na savaDava.

XIII. Supplementary dialogue..

A: , dua na kflonT Do you want any hing?vinakata?

: A:

Io, au via raica naD.O.

koy'qb.

I d like to see the D.O.

ni tiko jieLs not in.

-B: E tiko beka mai -vei Where Is he?

A: E tiko mai Nunidawa. He's in .1Tunidawa.

.B: 0 kila na gauna e na Do you know, when he is goinglesu mai kina?

Spga, au sega ni.kila.

sayinaka, au na qai Very Well, I'll be back andmai rai tale e .nasiga VakarauW,Ika.

to be back?

I 'don't know.

. check on Friday.

- the short fOrIII of min.

48.Hosted for free on livelingua.com

XIV.V .abulary.

R past tense markerbia beer_ (Engl.).daldal today.'.dn1 .dance (Engl.)D.O. bistrict Officer (En,Feperuori February.(Eng1;)-gauna -time.gunu

. drinkJanueri January (Engl.)June June -(Engl.).kR thingkaloko clock (Engl.)kE, e.lc here, this plade-kina there, there loy, there with.,

there froMlesu return.loma center, middle, insidemReawa. week , .

Maji -March (Engl.) Also Mati_mata _ face, eye.

.mataka, na mataka morningmataka, ni mataka tomorrowmate . ,disease, dieME May (Engl.)MoceMoce, I sleeping place, a,bedmoll. Citrus

.

MEniti Monday (Engl.).

.

muri-a muri. Ef011ow'; trans. muria;e:muri 'behind, later'.,

uri'ki m 'to the rear' ,

mai Muri 'at or from the rearafterwards'

na , future tense markernaica time, whennanoa yesterdayIlikua todayNukui village on the Rewa De_ aoti finish, aftergal now, then, so, justrai-ca rai 'sight, vi ion, see,

understandl; trans. rai_asara watchsavasavR cleansigalevu midday, noonsisili bathetara buildtaraialR a.kind of moke danced with both

partners EZIding arms andfacing the front, steppingalone, with a fast beat.

4 9


TisebaVasitevaVakaraubukaVakarauwaiviavinakatavulaVunidawa

fo

14. 9

trans. taralalataka 'damewith someone in airs fashiont .

comber ngi )sday (Erij1

Satuwantwant, icemonth, n.oriadininiti 3tIVe station for, the.Proince, of Naitasiri

wa ni . slwa fIshing li. wai water

yakiivi ll.eVerayaloya o a reflectip9 ya1_pza10

0 'the image o portrait of....'!a_l_p_sj_g11._Lya.1 -alo 'the -pictu e1 own'

50


FIJ AN

A i ka linia niJEs

(Alienable 'possession,-ni, attributi n)

1. Xdalog e to be memorized.

0 raica na'noqusele?

A.

Have you seen ray knife?

ni raica. I'haven't Seen it.

Na I sole nei cei e Who e kntre is Willtaura t ko oViliame

B: Oya na nona. NanoMuni I sole eduatani.

_AI

That's his. Your knidifferent.

A: Auld1R. -E kä You I know'. the only new one.,duadua.

1.- Fijian had a more deta led:systea of possess ves(genitives ) than does English. As .anexample, 'ay' canbe transia ed in four ways, depending upon what is possessed.The follow ng diagram shows the outline of the ystem:.

Posse on

Alienable

ke- (for edibles and certaininnate qualities)

for drinkables)

(for other items)

The membership of some words will come as a surprise.to speakers of English. Tavako. 'tobacco' is classed aan edible, moll 'citrus -as -a drinkable.In genera_ meñibership of a particular word toone class is fairly rigid. But,there is some cutting

across classes. Dalo 'taro' is, as one would expect, i.the edible class.'--U71.7a if-one is speaking of dalp

strictly 6s a marketable prodUtt, he.uses the-Fi5= possessive.For the language learner,the whole systemHoperatesli-ke a gender -yetem and should be treated as such. Thus,

In allen able

Suffixed forms]

12.911x_nAllE

kin-terms


5.2

as in German or,.Frenph, nouns-have to be__learned.with the.

marker of'gender. Fortunately, the class'to which-a nounbelongs is much easier to.prediet in Fijian than in Germanor French.

4 Sega ni lake ki na noda bose.E ,a lako ki.na nonaE sa yali na nomun I sele?-'

jE vei beka na nedra I teitei?Nomu lako--aU na rarawa kinalOSta na nodaru I tag.

vei bcka na nomu t noa,dina na-nona kolY.

:Si totolo dina na noda waqa.E sega ni.-gata na noqu i.sole.

Simple substItution.

Cue

noqunomunomuni.nodranodarunodanoqunonanodra

Sen -ence

0q6 na nona vale nt kana.

0(15 na noqu vale ni kana.0q5 na nomi vale ni kana.

tion and ans er.

Drill leader points to one, two, three or more of the class'and .asks, Nei cei?

C4e.

(poInts to himself(points to student reciting)(poInts to another student)[etc.

Answer

Na nomunr.Na noqu.Na nona.


'Repetition.

5..3

00 na nOqu vale.* This is my house!Oq na noqu waqa. This is my-canoe.00 ,na, nomu motolza. This is your-00 na nomukoro.Ociori,na.nomu peni.OVA na nomu yanuyanu.Oqn'na-nodarti vale.00:na npdaru koro.Oya na nodra koro.Oya na nodra yanuya u.

iAble slot.

Cue

noqUkoro'vale ni kananomuoya4vale la lai

nonakurovale ni kuro

t

This is your v lage.-That's your pen._That's your island.This is our house.This is our village.That's their village.That's their island.

Repetiti n drill.'

Sa kana vinaRL dina nakena dalo.

00 na kequ tavioka.E levu na kena"Uvi.E balavu na kemuni ika.Oya na kena tavako.

vakarau na kemu_kakana.,

by, oti na ké'qu

VIII.Cue

kemukemunl:

Sentence

0q6 na nala

0(16 na noqu0q3 n4 noqu()go' na noqu0q3 .na nomuOya na nomuOya na nOmuOclori.na nomuyale lailai.Oqori na nona vale. lailai.Oqori na nona kuro.Oqori na nena vale ni kuro.

vale.

vale.koro.vale ni kana..vale ni kana.vale ni kana.vale lailai.

His taro is really good food!

Ths .Is my manioe.He has a lot APf yams.Tour (pl!),P1sh -is long.Those ar'e 114.s:cigarettes.Yoar tooTis ready.

I'm ollt of eigarottes.:.

Sentence

sn levu na kemu tavako.

-Sa levu na kemu tavako.Sa levu na kemunT tavako.,


keirau.-keitoukena

. kedakedra

'Var able slot drill

lena-taviokaoqori.k.equ

madraioyakemuuvikeMudrauoqa

c'T X Repotition.

sa -unu vinaka dina-nana yagona.

5.4

!ence

0qP na kena .da

Qqp na kenaQqb pa kena tavioka.Oqori na kena ta:0.0-ca.Oqori na kequ tavioka.Ogori na kequ madrai.Oya,na kequmadrat.Oyg'na kemu madrai.Qyg na-kemu. uviOyd na kemudrau uvi.Oqb na kemudrau uvi.

his yagona really tastes nice.

Oq na mequ maxi°. Jfhis is my mango.sa ..ilai na memanr bia. 'Your beer is almostemp.sa 1 vu'na-mena rourou. He has a lot of rourou.'Oyi r, memu meleni. That is.your melon. ,

_Si maca a mequ wai. My water is .empty,,_Sa katakata na memu a ,YOur watex'is hot.

,

,

XL SubstItutIon.

Cue

meqU:menmemUni{meiraumedamemudou

lailai na

sa lailai na mSg lailai na men

-U yaciona.

yaqona.Yaqona.


XII. Variable slo.

run . .

I i 6(2

.11a WOO U. V it(1011z,,

5.5

0(46 nu fileu yaciona.0q6 pa mequ,mcloni.Ov5, na megp molenLOyTi na menu mcleni.0y5 na mena dovu.

mona wai ni gunu.0y5, na modrau wal ni gunu.

oa mcdPau wai ni gunu.Ogori na medrau wai nA: moll.

XIII. Sub.btitu'l_n. Ube thu posbes81ve fnrm re__uired bythe cuc.-.

CU?

blavuaka.magoika

niutavakoyabonarouruutUraGawaqauvivivillkUkanayanuyanu

XIV. Fiepeititir):).

Na hcciufla, memuNa nona vait :Jou-14a kedrau ika tuvuteke.Na memudrau ,c,-)uvpuNa nodrau 1,11J.ap:a ciaNa kon3 ul.r1 vi-Na medaru;la nomu pcnI kau.Na nodaru. totc):-Jr.?

Sentence

OCre rIETt kesla

Oc-1 nave-1u dia.Oqi na keq0 %!.1.aka.

53

-;


Na kcclrau kdkana dina.Na mequ maqo dreu.Na medrau meleni kamikam ca.Na noqu yanuyanuNa,kemudrau vuaka vavi.

XVa. SubstItution.

Cue Sent nee

E dua na vale 1 vu

lailaiiOnakacdbatabatamagosa

XVb

Cue

dovuweletimago

XV e .

Cue

valekdkanamelenivanUayanuyanuikatUragamaqoniu

Taro,

5.6

:E dua na vale lailai oyd.E dua nu vale viriaka oya,.. . .

ence

0(45 e dUa na maqo kanikwnica.

067, e dua na dovu kamlkamica.

ntence

na tavako vinaka.

0q5,'na vale vinaka.OqB, na kakana vinaka.

cassava, etc. eaten w_

5

h tfish, meat


XVI. xp

Cue

a. vuaLakemuvav1ogorl

-vinak00:6

_r

5.7

na vuakana kemu V12EJ.lca.

na kemuvuaka vav4Nor1 na kemu vuaka vavi

na dalo,.na kequ dalona kequ dalo vinakaoq5 na kequ dalo vinaka

na ikakena na kena ikavinaka na kena ika vinakaoya ova na keir ika vinaka

pen1 na pen1nomu na no= penikau -na nomu pen1 kaubalavu na nomu peni kau balavuOqor CqOrJ na nomu peni kau balavu

C. yanuyanu na yanuyanundna na nona yanuyanunuku vula nanona vanvyanu nuku vulaova oya na nool yar.vynu nuku vula

f. via! na walmena na mena waibatabat'l& na mena wal batabatANori ogorl na mena wai batabata

rourou na rOuroumemudrau na memudrau rourou

na me:mudrau rourou vaka-lolooq6 oqB na memudrau rourou vaka-lolo

maqo-medrauJ. u000rl

na maqona medrau maqo.na medrau maqooqori na medrau i stimaqo


5.8

XVII. . Suppiemuntary dialogue.A: laic) vinaka, e rawa Please, can you he p -?

ni o vukoi au?

Io, na cava norriu Yes. Whatts your problem?

A: E rawa beka.ni o Can you show me the postvaka-raitaka v1 au office?na positavesi?

Na,positovesi_na vale The post -77Tice is that whitevulavula oy, Ia au building, but I think itnanuma ni a sa sogo closed at threc .

e na tolu.

A: 0i, au sa na gal lako Oh, go there tomorrow-kina ni mataka. then. Thank you very much.Vinaka vaka-lovu.


5.9

XVIII. Vocabulary,

.a coconut for drinking-Lick

1st po's.pural inclusivetarodalo-laru

1st person d al inclusivedovusugar cane3rd.person plural(Irau'ripeduaduaonly, alone; na ika levu'the biggesfrET---:duatani

different.-irau1st person dual exclusive-itou1st person trial exclusivekamikaMic sweetkolidogkuropotlegatoo shOrt for, distressed; asn., danger, troublefivemaca

lima

empty (of water)- dtymadraibreadmaqomango (Engl.)magos'acareful, clever, diligent,skilledmatua

mature, ripemelenimelon (Engl.)7mu2nd person singular-mudou2nd person trill Also dou-mudrau2nd person dualthink

nanumanei

of, belonging tonukusandpostovesi.post office (Engl.)rarawaunhappiness, pain, sufferingrawaable, pooe'ible, donerouroutaro leafk

sele,nifesogoclose (an.opening)coconut leaf basket for carry- nggoodstanoawooden bowl for preparingV-qoltau,

friendtaurahold with the handtavakotabacco, cigarettes (Engl.)'taviokacassava, manioc, tapioca (Engl.)tavuteke fryUviyamvaka-loloprepared :.11 coconut milkvaka-raitaka showvdka-rauready, prepared

duadua


5.10

vavi cooked in earth ovenvivili , sen-:ThellcVou_.. newvuakavuke-a_ vuke. 'help'; trans. Vukeavula, vilava7IJJ whilte., vula is used as adjective

in compoun-.,.weleti papayayall , lost

a

6 0


6.1

A i kaono ni lsoni

(Inalienable posse transitIve verb

I. pialogue to be memorized.

A: 0 cel oyt Who that,

0 koya na vugoqu. He's my nephew.Na yacana o Samu.

A: Na cava e mai What did he come to'do?cakava7

B: E mai Jakova na He e -e after his boat,nona waqa.

A; E na sokotaka nikua? Will he sa 1 i- today?

B: Sega, baleta ni sa No because his arm is stillmavoa tiko vakalevu badly injured.na ligana.

A: E mavoa vaka-cava? How hurt?B: E a taya e na nona Ho Cut it with his knife.sele.

B:

E eakacaka tiko e Where does he w -k?vei?

E dau He is a farmer.

A: Na cava sb e tea? What does he Plant?

B: Sega, e qarava.tiko No, he looks after thefamllyna nodratou ba ni cattle farm.loulumakau.

1. In the dialogue, yugoqu, .ligana, and tamana are examplesof words for kin terms and body parts tharTikF a differentform of possession than the examples in the previous lesson.These forms are suffixed to the base,,eausing the stress.to be.shifted. For example, tama.'father'; tamaall 'my father'.Note the similarity in form to the other possessive:E12111, -au; nomu, -Mu; Rona, -na; etc.


RepetlVion.

O koya na tamaqu.E vei na tinamu?O cei.na yacana?Za bulabula vinaka na tinamu?E a laka ki na makete na,tacina.,sa cudru vaka-levu na watiqu .

sa cakacaka tiko" na tinaqu e nona va e ni kuro.Oqö na tinaikeirau.Oya na tInadra.E tauvi mate vaka-lailai na buqu.Au a sega ni raid_ taciqu.

Ilia. Simple subs

Cue

tinaquluvequtamaqu lailai

luvequ yalewatamanawatiquwatimuwatintinai Joneluvei Sakiasitamai Jonewati i Sakiasi

Cue

mataqudaligaquucuqugusuquligaqu

6 2

Sentence

S. bulabula vinaka na tamaqu.

S. bulabula vinaka na tinaqu.SR bulabula vinaka na lUvequ;Sd bulabula vinaka na tamaqu

lailai.

Sen ence

-na p1uq11.

0415, na mataqu._.

1. The possessive with -1 istake'the suffixed possessives.

6 2

used, for the words hat will


ketequ.yavaqudrau ni uluqubatiqumatai Jonedaligai Jone

Cue

matadaligaucugusuligaketeyavabatimatai Jon°

Sente: e

Sa mosi na Uluqu.

Sa mosi na m

6.3

IV. Question and answer. Instru tor points to body partand asks what it is. Student replie5 .

Question

A cava oq6?A cava ociori?etc.By using other classmost of-the .forms.

Answer

Qqori, na ulumuni)0q6, na ligaqu.

members, the instructo- can elicit

V. Simple substitutIon.

Cue

matadaligaucu'gusuligaReteyavabatimatai Jone

Sentence

Oya na gone yalewa SR tauvimate oloya..- Sa m si nauluna.

. Si m si na matana.Si mosi na daligana.


6

VI. Repetition.1

sa kana tiko na tacina.SE kania na dalo o koyaSR gunu tiko na tamamu.S. gunuva na bia o koya.E 4 tara vale tiko mai Tia o koyas

,E tar4 na vale o koya.'sa rai vinaka tale na matana.Au s4 raica na nona vale.

VII. Repeti ion.

E kana.E a kania.E a kania na dalo.E A kania na dalo nikua.E a kania na dalo nikua mal Nad

2. E lako.E R lakova.E lakova na ika.E a lakova'na ika e na siga M5ni'E.R lakova na-ika e na siga MönitI ki na mRkete.

E .i tara.E R tarn na vale.E R tara na vale e na yabaki sa oti.E a tar:71 na va2c -e na yabaki sa oti mai na koro.

E R siya.a siwata.

E R siwata na ika.2 siwata na ika e na bogi.E a aiwata na ika e na bogi e na uciwai.

1. This drill contrasts some intransitive and transitiveverbs.--The form,of the tratsitive suffizAs usually a con-,.sonant plus -a,- and for most'verbs, the onsonant never .

changes.. :This means that for each verb like gunU !drink',-the fuller form, -unuva, must be learned.

Some verbs entng in ,a, like kila 'know', lengthen thefinal vowel for the transiFive forE=.ffilL Some, like kana

have an irregular form.When, the transitivo form appears without an object,

the-object is understood. For example, kania means. 'eat it';kllä ,knoW


VI I Expansion .

Cue

kaniana dalo

. nikuamai Nadi

lakovana ika,e na siga Nnitikl nr.?_

tard .

na valee na yabaki sa oti

mai na koro

siwatana ikae na bogie na uciwai

IX. Repe-ition.

Au a raiei tamaqu.1Au sega ni kilai koya.E R lakpvi tacimu.Au I vukei koya.E a cieivi tamana o'Jone.E tarogi au o koya.Au tr. raici koya mai vale.E dodonu, mo lakv1 koya.

ientence

E a kana.E d kania.E E kania nad kania na

E N kania na

6.5

dale.dale) nikua.dale nikua mai

E lako.E d lakova,E E-lakova na ika.E E lakova na ika e.E E lakova na ika

ki na makete.'

nana

Nadi.

siga Mani i.siga ManILI

E R tara.E a tara.E E tarE na vale.E a tari na vale e ha yabaki

sE oti.E R tar5 na vale e na Yabaki-sR oti mai na koro.

E- a siwa.E R'siwata.E R siwata na ika.E R siwata na ika e na bogi.'E a eiwata na ika e na bogi e

na ueiwai.

1. When transItIve verbs are used with proper= nouns orPronouns, -i.is used rather than -a. For example, auraici Jona; au_raici_koya;

65


Kacivi.koya me iako mai.E nanumi koya vaka- evu o

Xa. Sinple substitution.

6.6

--1.1 a

Cue Sentence

nanumatarogakacivakereavukealakovakilalomanamuriaciciva

.Xb._

Cue

mokutatalkmaralataka.vakA-salet--ataqomakavunaucavaka-savadredrevakat3mana

Xc.

Au'a sega ni raid tInaqu .

Au a sega ni nanumi tinaqu.

Sen ence

E a ega ni kilai :aciqu.

E a sega ni mokuti taciqu.

Cue Sentence

E a mokuta_na uluna e nanoa.liga E'a mokuta ha ligaha .e nanoa.Jone E a mokuti Zone e nanoa.

Xd.

Cue Sentence

E a raica nawaq e na yakavi.

a


6.7

tarnaria1] a raici tamana e na yakavi.tDraga h a raicf. na tilraga e na yakavi.luvena E a raiei luvena e na yakavi.vugona E a. ralei vugona e na yakavi.nOna koli E a raiea na nona kcal e na yakavau E a raie'l au e na yakavi.

XI. VarIable slot.

Cue

sokotakamataka lailai

na

raica

yakaviatamanamaeawa sa oti

taroga

t rag

taraga ni koro

mataka hi

raukaeivaSamumokutakolI

Sentonce

- _

a-r-Lica na wala e na

_i sokotaka na waqa e na'yakavi.sokotaka na waqa e na mataka

lailai.E na sokotaka,na waqa'e pa

mataka,E na raica na waqa e na mataka

E na raica na waqa e na, yakavi.E a raica na waqa e na yakavi.E a rald )]. tamana e na yakavi.E tamana e na macawasaoti.

E a tarogi tamana e na m5cawasj oti.

E a tarcea'na tUraga e na maca a'sg oti..

E a tarogi tUraga ni koro e namgcawa sg oti.

E a tarogi tUraga ni koro e namataka

.E H tarogi rau ena mataka nikua.E kacivi rau e na mataka nikua.E E kacivi Sarnu e na mataka nikua.E a mokuti,Samu e na mataka nikuaE a mokuta na,kolI e na mataka,


Tala

Na, Ten. kel na\Ealavo

6.8

E na dua na gauna, ni rau sa veltau dredre kina naeri kei na kalavo, rau gade voii kina e .oma ni velkau,Rau kunea sara e dua na,i kau vudl:dreu. sa kaya sara nateri, "Au sã kabata na i kau vudi, .1a mo tiko gd e rd."sa Rana na teri'sd mamau, sd qai viritaka mai voi nonai tau na kuli ni vudi, wale gd me kania..., Oti oyg &ã kayana kalavo, "Daru mai iako ki cakau."' Kunea sara na kalavo.e dua na,vgsua ni dalag ti, kaciva sara\na nona i tau,"Mai taura mada na kg ofq6." Lake sara mai na teri ka'butuka na Ionia ni vasua, sd gal qamuta na yavana,na v5sua.Sd qai tagi na terl, "Isa,.noqu 1 tau, --. au si mate!" Kayasara vug na kalavo, "Ociori na i sau ni vudi, baleta na'nomu solia vei au na kg. cg. Tiko e k mo lu u, au saiako ni sa bera na ua levu.

Question and answer.

1. 0 eel na yaoadrau na veitau?Na Teri kei na Kalavo.

2. Na cava e rau raica?E rau a raica,e dua na jkau vud1.

Na cava e a tukuna na teri ni sg kune na I kau vudi?"Au sa kabata na-i kau vudi, la mo tiko g e rd."'

Na_cava e a yaco ni s.g k bata na vudi na teri?E d kania na vudi na teri gal solia vud na Ralavo nakulina me kena.

-5. Ni sa ot_ -na kana vudi e rau 10 ki vei na ve u?E rau 5 lako ki cakau.

6. Na_caVa e a raica na kaiaiio e cakau?E a ralca e dua,na viSua.

E a vaka-cava ta na vasua?E a dalaga ta na-vasua.

Na cava e 5 qai cakava-na kalavoE a kaciva na nona 1 tau me mai aura.

Na cava e a cakava na-teri ni sgAcacivi koya na kalavo?E.a lake yan1 ka butuka na loma n1 vgsua.

Na cava e a yaco ni sg butuka-na loma ni vgsua'na teri?E g qal tjamuta na yavana na vgsua..


6.9

'XIII. 'Yocabulary.

ba a fencebale a- becausebati.

tooth-.berasaew,-lategrandmother-bulUmakaucattle; bulumakau yalewa ortina ni-bulumakau 'cowbutu-ka

butv '.stamp) tread on4;. transbutuka

reef'angry, anopen one's-mouth

cakaududrudalagadaliga ear

,drau ni ulu hair of headdredre--Naka dredre 'smile- laugh'; trans.

-drOUrevaka ,augh at.'gusu mouthisaInterjection of.regret or year ing.kaba-takaba 'climb'; trans.. kabata/7 kaci-va.kaci 'call'; trans kacivakalavo rat

kau, ibunch, as in ivkau vudikaya. .say

keirau, -i 1st person dual exclusivekere-a kero 'beg, askHfor'; trans.'kereakete

stomachkune findligaforearm andbandlomanafeel soiry for, tare forluveson, dai.Ighter, offspringiuvu drown

mamaufilled with food, satedmarautaka marau 'pleasure, happinetrans. marautaka 'be happy

;._

pleased-VITHT-joice at'mavoa injured, a wound injurymosi ache, painono sixqamu-ta gamu 'take hold with pincers,

-or between the th'; trans.uta

ciara-va lartirface, attud1 caret;CFans. garayara

down, towards the ound e ra,

7--

'underneath'rau3rd person dualsau, I payment; 5.0,1.1. 11-Cpay, rcta late'SO Zom

oll-a son 'frivr!' trans. son,


6.10

taci . yOunger brother or sistrtagi-ca tapi 'cry'; trans. tagicatala ,tala 'send'; trans. tala end

---a person'tama fathertaqomaka protect pr servetard-ga taro 'as rans. taroga 'ask

a ques 1

tauvi-mate illta-rya ta 'chop with knife'*; trans. .taytea plantteri the swamp hentina mother .

toma7na toma 'accompany, help'; trans.tomana

river, streamnose

uciwaiucuulu head.

vaka-cava what about ..., howvaka-salataka advisevaka-sava send away, drive offvasua the large clamveikau wobd, forestveitau as in veitau drEd 'verylo d

friends'viritaka throwvoli rotindaboutvudi kind of bananavugo one'S relation-in-law; father,

mother, .son, daughter, niece,nephew

vunau-ca vunau 'preach, make a speech';tranS. vunauca, the person asob.; vunautaka, subject.of thespeech ds ob.

wale gã onlywati spouseyaco take place, happen, arriveyani particle of direction: away

from the speakeryava foot, leg

71)


FIJIAN

A i ka vitu ni lUsoni

Crawa, subordinate clause with ni and k

I. DiaIcwie to beMemerized.

0 na laki siwa ke.

'vinaka na draki?

7 .

Are.you going fishing If theweather good?

B: le, ke sa oti na n qu Yecakacaka.

E rawa ni'u lako talega?

rawa ke galala nawaqa.

A: 0 eei dou na lakevata?

B: Keitou na lake vatakei rau o Jone keiViliame. Ke sagatale ni dua e lako,e rawa ni o laketale gri.

A: E na vica,na kalekodeu ha lake kina?

E na tolu e na matakalailai, ke rawa.

A: Au nuitaka ni navinaka na draki.

if I finish my wbrk:

May i gp too?

It's possible if thefe'sroom in the boat.

Who going along?

We'll go -with John and Williamtif no one else gobs,. you 'cango too,

What -time will you (3) be_eaving?

At three in the morning ifposoible.

I hope the weather will begood.

Repetition.

Au na lake ke vinaka na draki.Keirau ha lake ke rawa.Au via raici kemunT ke rawaAu via gunu ke rawa.Daru na laki siwa ke galaIa na wa a.AU na lako ki Suva ke rauta na noqu I lavo.Au na lake ke o lake.E,na vukei kemunI o koya ke galala.SR cR na bula ke ko ni hivti au.E vinaka he daru na mat spta tale e LU.


lila, S1nip1e sub

Cue

-dabe.kana tavakoraici kemunTvukei kemunt

Mb.Cue

kune e s3 na bacagaiala na-waqadatou lake e na ma

lailalko lake tale gasega ni tau na'ucasa eti na hequ cakacakadateu lesu totele maigaiala na watiqudiateu lake ni matakasega ni lake JD Jene

Te"ITic.

Cue

ea na drakisega.na bacalake tale e duasega

IIId.

Cue

,kune c s3 na bacadou na lesu totololevu na ika

on.

7.2

Sentence

Au via gunu ke rawa.

Au via dabe ke rawa.Au viakana tavake ke rawa

Sentence

Au na lakeke vinaka_na draki.

Au na lake ke kune e s6 na baca.,Au na lake'ke galala na waqa-

Sentence

Au na s ga ni lako keni lake.

Au na sega ni lake. ke ca na draki.

Au na sega ni Iakeke sega na baca.

Sentence

Au nuitaka ni na vinaka na d

*


leyu na lasalaka ta e ga a Jane

IVa. 'Expans1on drIll.

Cue Sentence

1. Au na lako.

ki Suvani oti-na cakacaka

-ke rawa

e na yak-vl

2.

7.3

Au na lako ki _uva.Au na lake, ki Suva ni oti na

cakacaka._Au nalaka ki Suva ke Tawa nioti na cakacaka.

'Au na iako ki Suva e na yakavike rawa ni oti na cakacaka.

Au na raica.

ikoAu na raici iko.viaAu na via raici ikp.ke,rawa Au na via raici iko ke'rawa.ni bera na vii -Au na via raici iko ni bera na4 ke rawa.

3 Au pa kerea.

e dua na nornu I seleke ra',a

.nifu vaka-yagataka

AU na kerea_e dua na hamu I sale.Au na kerea e dua na nomu I sele

ke rawa.Au na kerea ke rawa ni'u yaka-yagataka e dua na nomu I sele.

4.Au na gunuva.

kei ikona yaciona ocitike rawa

ni solla 0 tvmasi

5.

na dalo oqorike rawani a saga ni kania

Daru na gUnuva.Daru na gunuva na yagona o45.Daru na gunuya na yaciana ociD

ke rawa.'Daru na'gunuva na yagona ke

rawa ni solia o TOmasi

Au na kana.

Au: na kania na dale, agari.Au na kania na dab oqori ke rawaAu na kania na dab oqori ke sega,.ni rawa ni o kania.


'Vb. xpanslon wIth Engllsn cues.-

Cue Sentence

to Suva,after work

if possible

in the even

2.

you (2nd person singularwant toif possiblebeforefour (o'clock

3.

one of your knivesit pos iblethat I use it

with-youthis yagonaif pOasiblethat Thomas gives it

5.

this taroif possibleas you're not eating it

V. Repet tion.

E rawaE rawaE rawaE rawaE rawaE rawaE rawaE rawaE rawaE rawa

Au na lako.

Au na lako ki SuvaAu na lako ki Suva

cakacaka.Au na lako ki Suva

oti na-cakacaka.Au na lako ki Suva

ke rawa ni: oti na*

Au na raica.

7.4

ni oti na

ke rawa ni

e na yakavicakacaka.

Responses.the same as IVa.

Au na kerea.

Au na'g--uva.

Au na kana.

ni'u lako tale gE?ni drau vaka-totolo mai?ni o solia vei au e so na baca?ni o tukUna vei au sE vica na kaloko?ni vodo tale e dua e na nomu motokE?ni toulako e na tolu na kaloko?ni_o vaka-rai-taka vei au na gaunisala?nl'u kerea 6 dua-na nomu wR ni siwa?ni'u vaka-yaga-taka na nomu I .ele?ni o kauti au vuE na tUraga.


Simple subti.ut1on.

Cue

o lake tale gadrau vaka-teto e. maio solia eq5 vudou lake maio vukei,auteu lake ni mataka9 hi sena vei au ena'tavake

o kauti au vua na tAraga

dua

au gunUva ha memuntyaciend

b.

Cue

au,

keiau.keitoukeimamidarudateudakodraukodou

VI. Variable slo' drill.

Cue

ni mataka

dou

7.5

Sentenco

E rawa ni'u lake_tale_

E rawa ni 9 lake tale ga?E raWa pi drau-vaka-totele -ai?E rawa ni o solia eqb'vualE. rawa ni-dou lake mai?E rawa nt a vukei au?E rawa ni tou lako ni mataka?E rawa hi o-ni sella vei au e

dua na tavake?E rawa ni o'kauti au vua na

tUraga?E rawd ni'u gunuva na memunr

yagena?

Sentence

E rawa ni o lake mai ki kana ena yakavi?

E rawa ni e lake mai ki kana ena yakavi?

E rawa ni'u lake mai ki kana ena yakavi?

Sentence

E rawa ni o lako mai ki kana o

E'rawa ni a lake mai ki kana nimataka?

E rawa ni o dou lake mai ki,kanani mata


vale

vale Di bose

drau

Suva

vodo motoka

7 6

E ra a ni o deu lake mai ki valeni matakal

E rawa ni o dou lake mai ki valeni boSe ni mataka?

E rawa ni o drau lake mai kivale ni bose ni mataka

,

E rawa ni o drau lake mai ki Suvani mataka?

E rawa ni o drau vodo motokamai ki Suva ni mataka?

VII. Repetition.

Au kIi nI sH.eti na.cakacaka.E-sega-ni macaIa na vanua e tiko kina o keya.8 macaia ni sa lesu tale o TImocAu nanuma ni dodenu na nothu Iowa.E a tukuna vei au ni sR na sega ni lake o keya..E a vela mai ni na lesu 'mai e na macawa oq5.Au sega ni kila ni-tabu na vaka-tavako e ke7.-Au raica ni sa vEileka mai na waqa:Au vaka-bauta ni na tau na uCa e na yakavi.E tukuna o koya ni sR lesu mai na ttlraga.

VIII. Simple subs n.

Cue

sa levu na ucasH buta ria kena dalesa oti na bosesH moce_o koyana'draki vinakao_na iako tale .g6sR lesu Mai na watimuratou t)erata na waqasa toki ki Lgutekasa sega'Ali oti na nona

cakacaka

IX. Variable slot d ill.

Cue

7

Sentence

Au knit

Au kila niAu kilH niAu kila niAu kila niAu kila niAu ki15. niAu kilH ni

sa oti na cakaeaka.

sH levu na uca.sR buta na kena dale.sã oti na bose,sa moce o koya.na draki vinakao na lake tale gR.sa lesu mai na watimu.

AuIglE111 RTeikrnartlito:r.'Au

Au ki,la ni sa sega ni oti nanona cakacaka.

Sentenee

Au nunuma ni na levu na uca e narnatanj a'aka.


7.7

'yakavi Au nanuMa ni na levu na uca ena yakavi- ni:mataka.

gUnq Au nanuma ni na levu na gunu ena-yakavi ni mataka.

'kin. Au,kila ni na levu na gunU. na yakavi hi mataka.

.

bogi pikua Au kin ni na levU.na guAU---na bogi nikua.

kIkana kei na yaqona Au kin ni na levu na kakana keina-yaciona e na bogi'nikua.

-nuitaka Au nuitakabi.na levu na kakanakei na yaciona e na bogi nikua.-siga Maniti Au nuitaka ni na levu na kakanakei na yaciona e na siga MBniti.

lailai Au nuitaka ni na lailai na

cakaca!:a

X. Construct sentences onfar, Using:

kakana kel na yagona e na sizaMBniti.

Au nuitaka ni na lanai na.cakacaka e'na siga,M3niti.

f the modals studied so

.1. Present tenee.2. Any grammatical words (pronouns, markers, etc

already learned.3 Any of.the following content words: kila dodonu,

tamata, levu, cakeva, waqa, raica, dua.

fome examgles might be:

Au kin ni sa dodonu na tamata oya.E cakava e dua na waqa levu na tamata


Ta,lappa.

Na aciona

Na.yagona e ,dua na au. E dau tei vaka-levu e na vanuababa. Ke Vanua drak. iasua ,.e na rauta beka ni lima nayabaki na kena bula qal matua.- ia, ke tel 6 na vanuaAraki sigga, e rawa ni rauta ga.-e tolu ha yabaki. Etei,tale gd na yagona me Nolitaki. E dina gd, pi na xeutae dua na sauna balavu, sR dua na cala ni rawa lavovinaka. E kilai levu na yasiona ni Yaga 6.na soqo vaka-tUraga ka dau gunuvi tale gE e na soqo lalai ni veisiga.E sega ni yaga wale gd,e Viti na Yaqona, e yaga tale gdMai Samoa kei Toga.

Questien and an.wer,

1. Na mataqali vanua eava e dau tel vaka-1 vu kina nayagona?E dau tel vakd-leVu neyagona e na Nanua baba.

Na drakiNa draki

ava e totolo kina na matua ni yagonaligasiga e Matua totolo kina na yationa.

Tukuna e dua na yaga ni yaqona.:Na yagona e dau volitaki me rawa kina na I lavo.Na yagona e dau vaka-yagataki 6 na 'soqo vaka7tUraga.Na yaqona e dau gunuvi e na so4o lalai ni veisiga.

Cavuta e dua na yanuyabu e kilai tale gd kina na yagani yaqopa.E kilai tale ga na yaga ni yagona mai Toga.


7.9

XII. V- abulary.

babaside -any steep slope, such as.the side. of a illbaca bait

biu-ta biu 'leave, desert.'; trans. biutabutacooked, ready for eatingcavu-tacavu 'to.name, to pronouncetrans. cavutadatou (-tou) .1st person trial inclusive-imami

lst person plural ekclusivekau-takau 'carry'.; trans. kautakeif, that

lasa.enjoyment, funlavo,ld moneyewcommand, rule order, authori_y,judgmentmatagali

species', typeniwhen, fJr, becau e, thatnuitaka hope

ratou3rd person trialauta about enoughsala

. road, path, way o fSamoa Samoasigasiga

burnt up by the sun.-, of Jand andvegetationsoqo

assembly, mostly used of peaplesota-va sota 'to meet'. trans sotavasuasua wettale ga, alsotau V2 fall (rain)te-i

te .Tto,plant'; intrans.--pass. toi; trans. teaToga Tongatoki

shift residence; move, ttukunasay, tell

vaka-bauta believevaka-tavako smoke (v.)vaka-tDragt of chiefly rankvaka-tyagataka usevata

with, togetherveito, towards, at, withveisiga every dayvicahew many, how mu hvitu seven

vodoembark, board, mountvold write

v751eka nearl almostvoli-taka voli 'buy'; tran, volitaka

'sel], spend moneF---7--vudto him, to heryagause, useful


FIJIAN

A i ka walu ni l6soni

(Subordinate phrases with ni, me)

I. Dialogue to be memorized.

Ai E vaka-evei'o nalalki siwa nikua?

How about It, are youfishing oday?

to, au na.lako ni iesu Y I'll go when WillIammai- o Viliame. co:es back.

Na gauna cava e na. lesu-mai kkna o'-kOya?

at time will he Come back?

B: E na tiko e ke ni He'll be hereafter thernoti na bo e.

A: Sã vinaka, ni yaco O.K. As soon as be.comes,gi mai daru iako go.Sara.

B: Ial e na via lako But he'd lice to go too.tale ga o koya.

A: E dodonu me vd-totolo mai.

Baleta na cava? WhY?

He'd better hurry.

A: Au na via lako nibera na bogi.

Vaka-cava na nodatou What about our babaca?

A

I'd like to go before dark.

E,dodonu me nomu"tavi e na m5cawapqb.

vinaka, me'u sgla'ki vaka-rautakamada na neirau wani siwa.

tt should be y'our turn tosupply it this week.

O.K. I'll go noW and get our'fishing line together.

A: To, ni yaeo ga mai me Alldatou lako sara. we'

As soon as he c-m


Heoet5tion.

E dodonu meE dodonv. meE dodonu meE dodonuE dodonuE dodonuE dodonvi_E dodonuE dodonu.E dodonu

mememememememe

eakava na nona eakaeaka.lesu mai na taraga nikua.savata na I sulu.

.

mica e dua na vuniwai.dikevi vinaka.,muria na nomu vosa.kania ha kena.vodo e na wacia.voaa e liu na Bull.vosoti mada na eala oq5.

M. SubstItution.

Cue

lagata mada na serekabata mada na niuyaka-rautaka ha i-katalaucieiva na nona-i selelakova na nOciu motomuria na gaunisala tUkosovaka-tovolea e liukerea voi au ,

-tukuna vei ikocakava vaka-totolo

IV. jlepotition.

E dodonu. meE dodonu meE doidonu'meE-dedonu meE dodonu meE dodonu'meE dodoraCmeE dodonu meE dodonu meE dodonu me

8.2

Sen ence

E vinaka me liutaka mada na bose.

E vinaka me lagata mada na sere-.

soli& vei iko o koya.raiei au sara ni yaeo mai o. oya.daru lesu tale mai nikua.daru veivosaki mada.daru vaka-totelo.datou lake ni sa bera na bogi.datou vaka-eegu mada.da lesu mai e nanoa.keirau la'ki sara yaloyalo

.

keimami bose ni mataka.

V: Sobstitut

Cue-

8

SQntencte

Au vinakata me daru vaka-to.s-olo.


da u law tale .mai nikua

411a.ru,Veitalancia madr.

.datou lake Ili 5a bera nabogi

datou_vaka-cegu mada e ke7

keirau qai lesu mai nimataka

keirau la' i sarayalpyale

keimami veivosaki madae.liu

da moce mai Suva niklp

da boSe madada laza ,Serc mada

VI. Repc:t _ion.

E dedenu mefu.moce.E dedenu mefu yell ika.

dodonu me kana.

E dodonu mo dalaga vaka-levu me raica na baE dodonu mo'dou lesu mai ni bora na bogiE dodonu me dou'laza sere mada.E dodonu mo drau waraki koya.E dodonu mo ni-wKpaki koya.E dedonu mo ni vaka-totolo ai.

Au vinakata me daru lesu tamai nikua.

Au vinakata-me daru veitalanoamada.

Au vinakata me datou lake nisa bera na begi.

Au vinakata me.datou vaka-cegu

Au yinakata me' keirau qai-lesumai ni mataka.

Au vinakata me keirau lafkisara yaloyalo.

Au vinakata_me:keimami veivosakimada e liu.

AU vinakata me da moce mai Suvanikua.

Au vinakata me da boseAu vinakata me da laga

C.

VI- 1,ibstitution.

Pattern: Lake mai vale me

Cue

au solia vol ikodrau mai seta kei tamaqu

ni mai-kanadou mai vaka-cegu

o mal lanu Valonaau vaka-rautaka na k

o v6kei au.madadou mai veivukedrau mai veivesakiau raici iko

dabe.

Liense

Lake mai'valeLake mai valekei tamaqu.

Lake mai valeLake mai vale

eegu.Lake maiLake mai

valevale

.na kemu.Lako mai valeLake mai valeLako'lpaivaleLaVo mai vale

8 2

madasere mada.

i u na vuni a

me'u cella vei iko.mo drau mai seta

me ni mai kana.mo deu mai vaka-

mo mai gunu yagona.me'u vaka-rautaka

mo Vukoi au mada.mo dou mai veivuke.mo drau mai yeivosaki.mo'u raici iko.


.r

,

VI. ..Repetition drill. (kua,

Au j,-17',- me VI- rl 1:Th () ',-,Au vr4,1,4a1.(a me kakua ul T.a o

-,..-----------.,---- . .,_ ,,a naiainir ,:u (.71- kuf) PI (;unutc.imla nikuc,/ Au narluilH-, )111,, ratou kakua nj,- -i,Hka-vadrati.

(.Au na 'tow/'.i7., me (10,1.1 kua nA Thko Ili mataka,Au na toVole, rrl'u. kEkua nl herp

\ h a t.1,-nrcuna 1,:lo kua ni,lako 1,-i va,_,..

E --5. tukuna mo e --tAkakua ni. tiko 0 1(6.E kaya na tinamu Fi.'drau kua ni qito eE kaya na clase ni vuli me'u kkTua ul alto va. ..,

T r. I J. J "1.1.1.1 1.. .1 I., ull

Cue

mo kua mada ni lakomo dou kua mada niwereca na I teitei

mo Orau kakua ni muriana nona Iowa

mo.ni kakua ni bera maini mataka

mo ni kua ni mokusiga

daru kakua sara ni vukeikoya

.

datou kakua mada ni vaka-cegu

da kua ni gunu yacionavaka-levu

da kakua ci lesu talcnikua

da kakua ni vosavosavaka-leyu

Sentence

Au vinakata mo dou lzu& n_ becana nogu voSa

Au vinakata mo kua made, ni lake.Au vinakata mo dou kua mada niwereee na I teltei.

Au vinakata mo drau:kakua nimuria na nona Iowa.

Au vinakata mp ni kakua ni6era mai ni mataka.

Au vinakata m7,) nk nimokusiga .vaka-levu.

Au yinakata me daru kiku p.sara ni vukei koya.

Au'vinakata me datou kEkua madani_vaka-cegu.

Au yinakata,me da kua ni gunuYagona, vaka-levu.

Au vinakata me da kakua ni. lesu tele nikua.'

.Au vinakata me da kakua nivosaVosa vaka-levu.

X.% Repetitibn.

E levu'na ika keitou rawata Me vakkna ka a o, sabutu,na kasala.

Au tea na I tel me vaka na dalo, tavloka, bele) kei na uvi.E dau vakau ki Niu Siladi pa vuata, me vaka na aina,

balgant, weleti,kei na dalo.E levu na sala ni rawa i lavo, me vaka na suka, niu,

kei pa koula.Mo vaka-totalo me.vaka ni sa bogi na vanua.

8 3


Mo vaka-liuci kov rr1 vaka ni (lase volAu nanutro 11;y yLL5 L Ivu IL ilogu

OS 0 OS 0 .dodonu

cy:Ch mlo Vi1J ni-L=a lailai\na rauna.

E dodonu mo vo:;:a Lle vakE ni'u nomuliuliu,

sa doddnu nik Oa conu !:!o va ni vi na kaloko.

XI. Substitution.

Cue 5ont,on

dvaki '6ualua

draki vinakavanua vinaka.vanua OSOOSQlevu na tamata elevu na dui kaikai elevu na uca elevu na ika e,levV na baravi nuku vulakatakata na siFa.

Ii Repetition.

Au na lako ni otd. naAu vinakata mo raLic koyr! ni t.envia na bos,:J e na sialevu.Au na via lesu mai ni sa.Lp2ra 1-1F:4 bo0.Era na lesu mai ni tera na tolu.,Au na qai cakava ni'u lesu yani.Ni oti n uca datou na tokiva sara.Ni O. yaeo yant, daru gat la'ki stwa.Ni sa bera ni o lako mo raid au..Ni o sa yaco mai me cakava sara n nolitu cakacaka.Ni 0 lako mai ni mataka,,au na vaka-raitaka vei,iko'na

nogu waqa,. ,

kt'tkata na vanua oq" _

me vakR mai Vitt.

E dvaki suasua na/vunua:Toq6, mevakn mai Viti.

. X11,1. Substitution.

Cue . Sentence

' u, lesu mai

Au na oat cakava ni lesu

Au na oàl cakava nl u lesu


8.6

ni tukWit ra ye! auna tUrt'aca,aLou c

ni t.;4 leva nlnn

1-av-t!i'n sit c:Aalu

losu tcsJ:1ni o unia nn_

loaLeni Lta tta vaka-yvi

flUnj hcra

Suoll

;11. 'tal:tetc_tt

Eo VJ cic n ccva j 1:tq ni wuna PwAfika. Naytt yanuytit r 1 1 ri C sivia e tolu na drau navciyI:muyanu ka ral ciri,koto yanl o na loma ni limaz.acavulu vaka-caca na udolu na mane vaka-rivirivi ni wasakara3ar-74wa na PaslIfIka, Na levu ni wai e koto vaka-volivelita, vaka-vu-a me daU seva ni vetsau vaka-lovukina na kQna vlokena I vaka-rau ni.katakatatake gE o na mEliwa ni Ger kei na 90 na dikiri ka mai car,inavinaka yani e na.carj hulahula ni wa_nawasa. N4 gauna nIdram, bttal_TW nJ na vula ko M6 ki na vula ko N3veba.E nn e ru ko Vlti Levu kel VEJ.nuaLevu, e w.74L vaka-rua kona drak:.; suasua ke drokadroka.ya.6ana ca0 .qaJ mai kataRate yal, La sirasirr,ana'ra ni ynuyanu C 12ua ogori.E na yanuynu ;() Viti Levu e r.a tiko kinaze sIvia navoimma ni lewe ni vanua ka tiko tale r3 kina na korotilraEa e ViLi.

XV, Qurztinot3 and armwer.

1. Na Wasawasa, cave c tlko kina ko Viti?

Ko Viti a tiko c,ha wasaTasifika.-

2. E vloa na 1 villwili ni vet,,aLu januyaiuu e wili k na?

E sivia e tolu na drau na voiyal;u yanuyanu e will kira.

a vula cava.na vula ni draki bataliat?

Na vula ko N kl na vuIako Nbveb4 na vula ni drakibatabeta.

. Na cava tiko kina na a koro tUrlafT_a?-

'Na kena'koro Oraga e tikoje nn yanuyl:,nu ko Viti Levu.

A


Ei,7

7- Na anuvanu cav-) 16-yr tarila4, U ike kina?Na yanuyanu ko V. LQVU e ley!) tauTha na tamata ctlko kina.

6, Na matagall eava C kUNC C na i ni yanuyLcaulelevu e rua?

Na draki katakata a igasiga e kune o na rT1 valulevu rua.

XV . Voeabn lay

Plant (Hindi baJjwJAwaravi coast line, shorebc-6,

,

to'; trans. hL;caboleshrub use(' as :a. vegetablecagina vinaka breez

Cala err, missceva:, southciri drift at sea or out to seadike-va dike 'examine'; trans. dikovadikirI degree (EngL) of tempe'raTa!,

also of longitude,or latitudedrau hundreddrekadroka Excen, sometimes bluedui

a distributive particle precedingthe base meaning each, respec-tively, or dlf:erntly.eratou dui lako vani ki Suva'they made their own way to Suva'na nodra dUi tovo ni_bula'their CieetivOT-Ways 6-f life'era dui vosavosa 'they (each)_ _

speak a different language'ga only, just, nevertheless, althe same, yet, but, howeverjaina_ a kind of banana; Chinese bananakaikal from the word.kai 'native of aplace' and preceded by dui, itmeans 'people of differentcountries'

kakua, kua do notarakarawa blue, sometimes greenkasa_la kind of fish

katalau, 1 breakfastkawago kind of fishkoto lie in a place-koula gold (Engl.)lelevu plural form of levu 'big, lar

great'lewe ni vanua inhabitants of a country


8.8

1-1u preceae, surpass, excel, befirst; trans. llutaka 'load,rule'

verbal particle expressingpurpose, se introducing sub-junctiv& Cr ',operative clauses,for...to, in o-p(te to, to be,to havo, that, should (I)...etc.

milo (Engl.)m5liwa interstice, the space between

two objects;Niu.S1.1adi New ZealandNöveba Novmhor (Engl.)e5ee60 full,occupAedpasifika PacJ.fic (En:l.)ra 3rd person plural- See erarawa-trl rawa 'to be able, to got,--to

obtain'; trans. rawata-sRbutu kind of fish like El-IT-Emmasagavulu ten, used only in compounds as

in rua sagavulu 'twentyl .,. upto ciwa sàauu tninety';tini- 6 use& fer the numberFa-itself

saravery, greatly, used after ,..,crbs:,

lat:o sara 'go at once'sava-ta clean'; trans, savaaSiga n ucu ba-FiThday, Chri'3tr-o=sivia sivi 'exceed, surpass, 17,0 beyond,

thore than':, trans. sivl.asuka sugar (Engl..)sulu, I clothest;Ara-va tadva 'face or stand up to,

--E-sPecially wind, sun, etc.tadraya

tiikoso follow a Sh6Tt7i,.,r route, cutcrosswise, pass through

talanoa, I story.

Laudua one, 'only, alone, as adv.,exceedingly, uniquely, quite'tavi, I portion assigned, share, dutytekiva start,bean

tokt auxiliary: continuance-orProgression, not so strongtu

tovolea tryudolu thousandvaka resemble, be like; like, according

tovalca-ifeaea as in e tini vaka-caca '_sometJang

between 10 and 20'

87'


vaka-eveivaka-liUca

vaka-muriavaka-rivirivi

'vaka-ruavaka-totolotakavaka-tovoleava-kautavaka-volivolitavaka-vunavaka-yadrataveimamaveisw-veitalanoaVeivosakl -

veivukeveiyanuyanu

Viti Levuvosavosa

vuatavuniwaiwaluwa-raka

wasa

were-ca

wili-kawiliwili,yasanayatu

8.9

ho aboutmake one go first, put one in

command; vaka-liuci 'made tocommand'

followarea, as in tolu na_mailo vaka-rivirivi 'three square mfTFF inarea.'

twicespeed. ono up, hurrytry out, experimentsend offstand al)out, surroundcauseawakethe middle, ha.):exchancochat, tell stories togethetalk, discusshelp, assistanceisland:groups; na veiyanuyanu ena Pasifika 'the islands inthe PacifT1

largest island of the Fiji groupvosa 'talk, speak'; intrans.vosavosa 'talk'; I vosavosaTi'5ST-Thg, proverb'

crop, fruits of trees, harvestdoctoreightwa 'wait for, elpect'; trans .

waraka; wa is hardly. usedalone; w-aw 5. isthe morecommonly U7Sed form

cea, ocean. Also, wasawasa.wasa is used when a quafffyingword: like levu or liwa follows;otherwise, wasawasa.-5- used

were 'weed, cut grass'; trans.,wereca

wiTYT-C-Funt, road !total numberprovincerow, not followed by-anu_ anu 'a row or chain ofislands ; xtiLatu yanumil'rows or groups of islands'

it up


A:

B:

FIJIAN

ka ciwa ni 1Csoni

ssive; Kel,

Dialogue to be mefl 1r4cd.

E vica na ydga ni niuo

E levu: Na lewqna evaka-yar-ft;ki mokakana, _a' siganime volitaki. Egunuvi tale ga navuana.

A: Vakacava na tolonakei na drauna?

Na tolona e caka mes5 ka caka na

drauna me s5s5.

Sa yaga dina vaka-levu.

Io, e sega ni okoya g5 oy5, e-yaga tale ga nawakana, na (15 nibulu, kei na tiki-na'ga a nanumarawa.

The form of the pasitive active formdifference in meanE vaka-atdkaL_YRISAnUa_2_;giForms, with a .final

many usyou know?

9.1

of coconut

A The meat is.used forfood, and dried to be sold.The fruit is also drunk.

W at aboutleaves?

The trunk i,and the lebroom.

runk and the

u--d as rafteryes are used as a

I 's really useful.

Yes, not only t!-:at, the rootis also useful, the husk,and any other part you canthink of.

-ive 15 sImIlar tp that of thethe f nal -a is changed to

ng is shown g'y the following:'He uses it.''It is used.'

-a, like kIla, u-e kilal.

2. l!R 'apd is used to Join sentenc es or verb phrases.The verbal marker is not used again after ka. Kei isused to join noun phrases, as in na alewa kei na gone.


IIa Repetition dr 11.

E raici o koya e na veivula.E gunuvi na vuana.E kari na drauna.E voli mai Nadi na tavako.E soli mai vale levu.,E toki mai na koro.E vdkamai na vale.E vaka-sigani na lewena.E sigani na niu.E qaravi na cone.

lIb

E voli aki na lewena.E tokitaki ki na koro ni v 1E karitaki na kulina.E sokotaki mai Suva na waqa.E vaka-yacataki na lewena.

IiIa. Substitutlo .

Cue

volisiganivaka-yacatakisamakitet

IIIb.

Sentence

E garavi na ni

E von n4 flu.

9.2

Cue Sentence

E vak472ELALI:k1 vaka-levu na niu.

tel E tel vaka-levu na niu.volitakigunuvikarivinakati

IIIc.

Cue_

volitaka

0

Sentence

E volitakl na alo.


teaqaraVasamakavakayagataka

E tei na da

9.3

IIId.

Cue. Sen

E dodonu me aynuy_ na v ana.

voii-taki na vuana E dodonu me vol:':;aki na vuana.vaka-yagataki na draunavaka-sigani na lewenakaritaki na draunatel na vuanava-kamai na drauna

Cue Sentence

vaka-yagataki na toloname i sa

kari na drauna me sasakari na lewena me krikanatel na vuana me tubusamaki na vuna me savasaVE

1Va. TransformatIon.

E vinaka me-maca.

na lewena me

E vinaka me vaka.yagatakl natolona me j sT.

Change each .01 the followIng to passive.

Cue (active)

Keimami dau ra. di koya e na veivula.gunuva na vuana.karia na vuana.volia mai. Nadi na tavako.solia me -Ica ni veivuke.tokia e na gauna ni draki ca.va-kama-na benuvaka-sigana na lewenasigana te mamaca.qarava na tauvi tate.karitaka na kulina.volitaka na niu buta.

9 t


9.14

sokotaka e loma ni wasawa a.vaka-vagataka vaka-levu.

121ER2aPu (pa-Ive)

E dau r, .ei o koya e na veivula.E dau gunuvi na vuana.E dau kart na vuana.E dau voli mai Nadi na tavako.E dau soli me ka ni veivuke.E dau toki e na gauna ni drakl cA.E dau va-kamai na benu.E dau vaka-sigani na iewsna.8 dau siganl me mamaca.E dau qaravi na tauvl mate.E dau karitaki na kulina.E dau volitaki na niu buta.E dau sokotaki eloma ni wasawasaE dau vaka-yagataki vaka-levu.

Iv

Cue

E a lakova na na siga Moniti.E a siwata na ika o na bogi e na uciwaiAu g ,ega ni mica na tinaqu.Au a ,ega ni kila na tinanu.E a s kotaka na waqa.e na yakavi.E a kieiva na tiiraga e na yakavi.E a taroga na bull e nanoa.8 d kaeivi Samu e na mataka.E a tarogi koya e na mgcawa sa oti.

e

E a lakovi na lka e na siga Möniti.E A siwati na ika e na bogi e na ueE a sega ni raici na tinaqu.E A sega ni kilai na tinamu.E a sokotaki na waqa e na yakavi.E a ,kaeivi na tUraga e na yakavi.E g tarogi na bull e nanoa.E a kaeivi o Samu.e na yakavi.E tarogi o koya e nanoa.

Va. Expan

Cue Sen ence

E voli na tavako.


maitak

e na vei

3

dau

sega ni

Vb.

Cue

vel Irana hal vrila-A

ai vol ira na kal Viti

sega ni dau

Ve.

Cue

a,na kE oq5vei qase ni vuli

mai vei rau

vinaka me

o Jone kel Samu

E voli mai na tavako.E volitaki mai na tavako.E volAtaki mai Suva na tavako.E volltaki mai Suva na tavakoe naE dodonu me volita kI mai Suva

na tavako 0-na. vei iga.E dodonu me dau volitaki maiSuva nt tavako e na velsiga.

E sega ni dodonu me dau voli-taki mai Suva na tavako ena velsiga.

Sent en ee

Na. qele e soil.

Na qele e a soli'Na (lel° e d soliNa vie e a soli-kai vElagi..

Na qele e A solikai valagi maikai Viti.

vei ira.vei ira na

vei ira navei Ira na

Na gale e A ega ni dau solivei ira na ka4 vdlari maivel ira na ka;.

Sentence

E tarogi.

E E tarogi.E 5 tarogi na kd oq3.E a tarogi na ka oq6 vol qase

ni vuli.,E a tarogi na kg oq6 ve_

ni vial mai vei rau..

E.vinaka me tarogi na-ka o\rel qase ni vuli mai \Fel

E vinaka me R tarogi na kEoq vol qase ni vuli mai vel

3. -taki_ is a causative suffix. %roll m ans bebought;'voil..takI means 'to cause to be boUaTE.' thus, 'sold'.


e nanoa

VIa. Rep ti

9.6

rau a Jon_ Ice! Sara.E virlalcL me ' tarogi na kavei qae ni vuli mai vei rauJone kei Samu e nanoa.

1. Mo drau gunu ka kana gT e k.2. Mo lako ka lesu mai vaka-totolo.3. E ratou sa sisili oti ka vaka-yakavi.4. Curu ki tuba ka kakua tale ni lesu mai.5. E se lako e nanoa o koya ka sa sega ga ni 1.esu mai.6. Sã rauta e laT ka me tou qai vaka-otia ni mataka7. Au vinakata mo lako ka tiko e 1 1 ni pera na

kaloko.Vaka-raici koya ka tukuna vua niu sa wrma tiko.E vaka-sasaqa tiko o tinadra Ra ra qi o tika na gone.

VIb.

1. E a levu d,na na gunu kei na kakana e na2. Mo kacivi rau mai o Samu kel3. Keirau-na iako vata kei tamaqu.4. Volia mai e dua na pakete tavako kei na dua na masese.5. Mo lako vata kei rau ocio ki na makete.6. E rua na tauni lelevu mai Viti ko Suva kci Lautoka.7. Curu mai mo drau mai lululu kei TImoci.8. Y,0 tikv vata koya me yacova sara ni mace.9. 11-012 ga na yacamu kei na vanua o tiko kina.

VII. Join the fo1low1n with ka or ke

Cue

1. E yadra na gone.E mace na tinana.

2. 0 VitiO Toga

-Sentence

E yadra na gone ka mace na tlnana.

O Viti kel Toga.

4E na lesu mal nikua E rauna lesu maio Mere. ere kei Sala.

E na lesu mai nikuao Sala.

kua o

4. Note the agreement in number: rau Is used With adual subject.


9.7

a euru ki vale c E i curu kI vale ka dabe o koya.koya-E a dabe o ko'a.Lake ki toa.

Voila mai e dua napakete tvako.

6. Na kai Valagi

Na kai IdiaNa kai Jaina

Lako kf ka volia mai e.

stoadua na pFiketo tavako.

kai Valagi kai Idia, kei nakai Jaina,

Era a sota kei na Era i Lota icP valameca na mataka e na mataka lailai.

Era a vaia kei na meoae na mataka

Na niu'e gunuvi navuana.

Na niu e vaka-yaga-taki na vuana ena vaka-sasaga.

Twooga vua na s gae na .yaco maikina.

iaroga vua na cdvae mai cakava.

10. Era a kana na lewenilcoro.

Era R mamau na lewpni koro

VIII. Tal

,Na niu 'e gunuvi na vuana ka vaka-yagataki e.na vaka6asaqa.

Taroga vua n" sig_ e na yaeomai kina kei na cava e, maicakava.

Era U kana ka (ra ) mamau nalewe ni koro.

Na,niu sE dua na kau yaga vaka-levu. E bula na niu ena veivanua draki katakata ka raWarawa ma kena claravi. Nakena yaga e levu. E vaka-yagataki me k-dkana,taurivakie na tara ni vale ka yaga tale .ga . me i yaya ni vale.Oya e vica wale 0.7 na:kena yaga. Ni sa sigani na n u,e dau volitaki ka taurivaki e na caka ni sovu, Na kena CATrui yaga vaka-levu na au e eavuti kina na I vo avotaVaka-viti na '-vinaka vakaniu---sega e biu.'

9


IX. Questions.

1= Q.A,

9.8

Na vanua cava e bula kina vakLvinaka na pio.?Na niu e bula vaka-vinaka e na Vanua

katakata.

Na cava e cavu kina na I Vosavosa "vinaka vaRa,7niu---sega c biu?"

A. F cavuti na I vosavosa oci3 b Iota na yaga ni niu.

Q.A.

Na cava na yaga ni niu?E vaka-yagataki mc laikana taulivaki e na 'ara ni

vale ka yaga tale ga me caka me I y7'ayji ul vale.E yaga tale ga na niu e na kena bull na' ovu.

Na cava na I balebale ni "vinak vaka-niu---segae'biu"?

A. Na kena I balebaledrauna me yacova sara na wakula.

yaga taucoke flu nit, mai na

X. Vocabulary.

benuciwacuru

drauIdiaJainakarl-a, kari

kulilewelululumamacaufase-emecapUketega ni bulucieleruisa,sama-kas-asa

siganasovutaucokocauni.tauriVaka

rubbish.nineenter';.

'Make a thlng enter'lea:fIndiaChinahkri -:rape'; trans, karL,

fcT.ri aka (more empha'TTZ) -

meat, fleshshake handsdrymatches Engl-)enemypacket (Engl.)coconut huskearth, sOil, landtoo much, exceedingly,raftersamA 'sweep, clean'; trans.TIT dry coconut leaves; (2)

ribs of coconut tied togeto make a broom'

sun-dry; vakana eau°soap (EngLYall, whole,completelytown (Engl.)use, make use of

ans. curum4curumaa

samakatheher



9,9

tiki a part, portiontolo trunk, waisttuba outside, but limited in use; .

e tuba 'adv. of place'; ki tubaTiTV7-of movement'; mai tuba'from outside'

tubu crow, spring up (of plants).va-kama burn, set fire to; vakamai passvaka-niu, as in vinaka vaka-nr17.-Tful

like a coconufT----vaka-otia finish, complete, bring to an endvaka-raica look for, look aftervaka-sasacia cook, boil. Alsoi vaka-sacla

LI4M9A;Likvnkn-qignnn drSiTi=n-'ffE--itin. See anavaka-vinaka wellvala fight, war; fight (v.)v ivanua places, different placesveivula every mOnthvua fruit, seedwaka rootYRYR, goods, furniture, luggage


FIJIAN

A i ka t.nI nA lsonI

Ia.

Ni sã bula.Ia, vinaka na bula.Ni bUia!Drau bula.bula vinaka?

ro, vaka-lailai.Se: vaka-evei?SJ, vaka-cava?

Ib.

Yalo vinaka.Vosoti au mada.Vinaka vaka-levu.-E rawa niu raici kemunT vaka-lailai?E rawa niu raici kemunT mada?

II. Equational Sentcnces.

a. Repetition.

E dua na triraga dau.eakacaka o koya.E dau teitei o koya.E eauravouni Yasawa o Samu.E s5 na tamata yalo drEdr-e o ira.E dua naeyalewa.vucesd 6 koya.E ratou kai Merika.E dua na tamata cd o koya.-E dua na tamata vinaka na tama:a oqoriE rua na tamata da siwa 0 rau.E dua na gone yalewa vinaka a Mere'.

Iib. Variable slot.

Cue Sentence

eauraliou o kcya.

E gone yalewatamata vinaka

. 0 TIMociE gaaa ni vuliE dua na gase ni vuE dua na kal Magi

10.1

E gone yalewa cd o koya.E.tamata vinaka o koya.E tamata vinaka o TImoci.E <lase ni vuli o TIMoci.E:dua na Ciase nl vUli o TImoei.E dua na kai Vdlagi


30.2

E r,one nd Vanua Levu L p:one ni Variva Levu o'Timoci.o rau E rau joni Vanua Levu.E rua r1,1 1 rwni E rau ccnc yalewa o rau.

3-11. Comment

a Repetitinn.

la'ki 2uvalesu mai Merdka

E tilko mai Vanua Lc,vu no kal v5171E teitei tike r:ad koro nd vuli na

moce tike na luvemu e vale ni kuro.E lakeva na dka ki na sitoa.

siwata na_ika no uciwaa.na _ko e kE ni hera na vitu.

ge aiini location phl.ases .

IIIb. Chan,-- the '--nse when necossar-

Sentence

E a lako ki

Cue

yabakd mai oc

irateu

La

toki

macawa

kcirau

ion Respondsen ences.

Suva e daidai.

E na lake ki Suva e na y bakimai oc16.ratou na lako xi Suva e nayabaki mai oc,6.ratou na lako'ki Labasa -ena-yabaki mai oq6.ratou na toki-ki Labasa e naYahaki mai ono.ratou a toki ki Labasa e -a

;75 oti._ ratou a sok° ki Labasa e namacawa sa oti.

Keirau a soko kl :Obasa e namacawa sa otL

he nor:, ivo form of the

Na noLiaI -i sele o duaani,mai na noqu.aravatiko na i teitei nd tamana.rairaivinaka na yalewa

Au fiuitaka ni dou na lesu totolo mai. .

E.rawa ni'u yak yar,ataku e sO na nomu baca?E'rawa ni o drau vodb motokri mai ki %va ru mataE dadonu re daru vaka-co;7:uAu vlhakata mc daru veitalanoa maE dodOnu mo nh waraki koya.

9 9

9


10.3

E aya na tinamu mo drau kua ni qito e.k-E a tukuna mo ratou kiikua ni vaka-yadrat-

V. Subs'titu ion drill. (Alienable, inalienable, ,etc.)(Respond with proper nouns -ossessiVe)

. Cue Sentence_1. sa mosi na ketena. S mosi na nona' mavoa.

mavca2. E levu na mena mage. E levu na:kona tavioka.

taviokaj. 0o5 na noqu vale. 0q6 na mequ wad= ni moli .

wal ni mollogovi /la memudou. Oqori na nomudou.-rourou. vaka-lolo.sulu

5. L nanumi koya.vaka- E nanumd koya vaka-levu na.1evu na timidaru nodaru tUraga..

ttirar,a.6. E sE yali na nomunI E sa yali no momunT taa yagona .

i sale. (or nomunI)taga yariona

7. Sa katakata na:memur' i1 Sa katakata nd kemuni i vaka-wai. yakavi.

vaka-yakaviOclori na kerw vaka, Oclori na riomu wU nd siwa.:_sialevu.wH ni siwa

9. 0 koya ná nodrau dau 0 koya na vugodrau.voigaravi.

vuf;o

10. Oya 11a tinamudrau. OyA na kemudrau uviuvi

11. O. eel na tamamuni? .. 0 coi na nomunlqase ni vuli.vUdi

. 12. E cudru vaka-lovu _ cudro vaka-levu o Jone.na tacieu.

Tone13. Oya na nodra OY na kedra kAkana .

yanu.kU-5,11-a

-14. Oqori. na nom.' tarau Oqcri na tacimu.sese balavu.

taci15. So lai1ai na nodra Sa lailai na medra,dovu.

rauna ni deru.dovu

100


10.4

Cue

Attribution.

Sentence

dua na yalewa.0qC5 e

1. ca 0(16 e dua na yalewa ca.2. vInaka3. dau cakacaka4. vucesa5. dau vosa6. cudrueudru

;7. yalo vinaka8. dau dredre9. mamadua

-10. rairai:vinaka

Cue Sentence

kana.Oqori na vale ni

1. moce Oqoina vale ni moce.2. turaga3. kuro4. bose5. volavola6. savasava7. bula8. vuli

-9. I yaya10. bulumakau

VIc. Variable slot.

Cue Sentence

Oya na vale ni yagona.

1.2.

e_duavu-

Oya eOyd o

dua na vale ni yaqopa.dua na vu ni yaciona.

3. ociori Ocipri e dua na vu ni yaciona.I. tolu Ociori e tolu na vu ni yaciona.5. niu Ociori e tolu na vii ni niu.6. og3 Ociö e tolu na vri ni niu.7. jaina 0(13 e tolu na vu ni jaina.

. oya Oya e tolu na vri ni.jaina.

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Vci plus object.a. Expansion.

Cue

nona I solo

kJ_ nodratou vale

nikua

e na sigalevu

na vU ni jainie limamai nona i teitei

e na vula sa oti

Cue

na clic)

na yavanAmai wat

e na yakavi'

ni alga TUsite

10.5

Sent rico---------

E

E ciciva na nona I sole.E a ciciva na nona I solo.E .a ciciva na nona I sole kl

nodratou vale.E ciciva na nona I sele:kinodratou vale nikua.

E a ciciva ha nona I sele kinodratou vale c na sigalevunikua.

Sentelce

E d t

d tea.na vla ni jäinaE A tea e lima na vU ni jdina.E. a tea e lima na vU ni jdinamai nona I teitei.

E d tea e lima na vU ni jAinamai nona 1. teitei e na vulasA oti.

Sentence

E katia.

E katia nalö.E a katia na gib.E katia na yavana na gib.E a katia na yavalla na gib maiwai.

-E a katia na yavana na gib mai. -

wal e na yakavi.E R katia na,yavana na gib maiwai e na yakavi ni siga Tusite.

VIib. Substitution, Use the cue as the object.

Cue

auSala

.

na dalo

Sentence

E aHmokuta na yavana.,Au A ciciva.na noqu i su u.SR kana tikona'taciqu.

102


10.6

na vuniwal E a kacivi Jorie e na mataka1-liai.

koya Au sega ni kiln.ira Au a rale& na waqa.koya. E dodonu mo lakova na I katalau.na gone oqb Au R vukei rau.-.na vale E R tara.watiqu E na taroga na qa:7e nI vuli o

koya.na bia sa via gunu na vugona..na ika E a siwata e na bogi.,Pen1 Au K sega pi lomana na yalewa oya.

Response

E R mokuti au.Au a eieivi Sala.sa kania tiko na,dalo na ta iqu.F a. kaeiva-na vuniwai e na mataka lailai,Au sega ni kilai kpya.Au a raici ira.

dodonu mo lakovi koya.,Au_R- vukea,ha gone ocio.E R tarR na vale.

na tarogi watiqu o koYaSE via gunuva na bia na vugona.

Rsiwata na ika e na bogi.Au R'---seza ni lomani'Peni.

VIII. Repetition

1. Au nanuma ni na eila na vula e pa bogi.2. Au kilR ni dodonu molako mada.3. E datou na'tiko mai keyR ni bera na va.4. .Au vinakata me datou tiko e kU ni bera na sago.5. E rawa ni'u'vakayagataka e s§ na nomu baea?6. E rawa ni o drautekivu cakaeaka mai Lautoka e na'

yakaVi.ni mataka?

VIIIb. (nega _On)

1. Au nanuma ni na saga ni cila na vula e:tia bogi.2. Au sega ni kila se dodonu:mo sa,lako se,kua.3. E sega ni rawa ni datoU-na tiko mai keyR ni bera naA. Au sega ni vinakata-me datou tiko e kë ni bera na soqo5... E. sega ni rawa ni'u vaka-yagataka e s5 na nomu baea?6. E sega hi rawa nt 0 drau tekivu eakacaka mai Lautoka

e.na yakavi ni mataka?

1 0,3Hosted for free on livelingua.com

VIIIc,

Ne ation

Au kilai koy.Au a nanumi tinaqvAu na lake ke o la o.E saHmac'a.E (lase ni vuii.E vuli tike e Merika

na tamata eq6.E balavu na gaunisala.E batabata na vanua.E vinaka na vale ni

xpclena ni Vlti.E 'a via lesu tale mai

nikua.

10.7

Au Sega ni kilai koya.Au 6. sega ni. nanumi tinaqu.Au na sega ni lako ko o lake.E sega ni macala.E sega ni qase ni vull.

ni vuli tiko e Merikana .tamata oq5.sega ni balavu na gaunisala.

E sega ni batabata na vanua.E sega ni vinaka na vale ni

yaqona ni Vlti.E a sega ni. via -lesu tale mai

nikua.

na. Repe, tion.

E dodonu mo vakamuria na nbna lewa m- van ni nomu.claseni vuli.

Sa dodonu me- da vaka-totolo ni sd ciwa na kaloko.E tukunamo drau waraka ni lesu mai e na yakavi.E dodonu me tiko e k3 na Bull.E dodonu mo keirau wereca na I teltei.

1Xb.

Cue

ikoo Pita

koya

ratou

au

rau

keirau

da

drau

'ution.

Sentence

dodonu me le u mai e

E dodonu mo 111 mal eE dodonu me lesu mai e

o PitaE dodonu me lesu mai

o koya.E dodonu me Tatou lesu

yakavi.E dodonu me1u 'esti mai

yakavi.E dodonq me rau lesu mai e. na

yakavi.E dodonu me keirau- lesu mai e

na yakavi.E dodonu me- da lesu mai e na

yakavi.E-dodonumo drau _leSu mai

yakavi.

na yakavi.

na yakavlIla yakavi

na yakavi

mai e na

e na

104

e 'fla


Xa. Rep.t tion

Au na siwa ke vinaka na draki.Keirau na vaka-totele mai ke rawa.Au na via raiei ike ke'e yace mai nikua.Au na lesu mai e na 'yakavi ke rawa.ni eti na bese nikua.Au na lesu mai e na begi nikua ke rawa ni e lake tale ga.

Xb. Subs_itution.

Cue Sente ee

Au na sil a ke vinaka na draki.

drau lake mai Me drau lake mai ke vinaka nadraki.

Me vaka-etia na nomu eakaeakake vinaka na draki.

Lake mai.ni mataka ke vinaka nadraki.-

Daru la'ki wereca na nequ 1Daru la'ki wereee na noquteitei teitei.

Au na gade yani Au na gade yani,ke vinaka na,draki.

Keirau na la'ki sara qite Keirau na la'ki sara qite kevinaka na draki.

Me vaka-otla na nomueakaeaka

Lake mai ni mataka

substitut ..n.

Cue Sente- e

Au na siwa_ke Vinaka na draki.

levu na baca -Au na siwa ke levu na baeA;dua na noqu wa ni si:a Au na siwa ke dua na noqu wa ni

siwa.rawa ni e lake tale ga Au na siwa ke.rawa ni a lake

tale ga.au raiea rawa e- dua na Au na siwa ke a raiea rawaebete

; dua na'bete.'dateu lake vata Au na siwa ke datou lake vata .


TaiRnoa.

rdvo

10.9

ra Patna e ]jj o.. hula tiko e dua na dau talanoa

na y,eana 0 predre c krin ko Navakeksese e na yanuyanu.ko Sega. E dau k rU me ra kau nabu vua- a ira

- era via rogo I Lala)10=-5-

Dua Lona na'siga tukuna o koya mc ra kauta mai namatal ga ni ka o1' :1 i1 -a. rawa C na nodra la'ki siWa so

Sia 1_ak0 sap duct vci ira na dau rogoitalanoa na yacana 0 Tui na ivioalita me la'ki siwa, ka ,siwatasara.c. dua na duna. laveta mai,vanua na duna, sa vukisara:Me talciat.a. 2L7, keyll 0 Tui na Ivlqãllta ni kalou\TU. oy 3i tekivu 1/:?.k asu sara_na-kalou vff me vaka-bu-lai, ka yalataka e u,. Icabese g o Tui. sa gal tukunana vti me 5o13a vuK na kaukauwa me rawa ni butuka na vatukatakcata.

r yaoova na siga fi.Li v, o ira kece na kava nei.Tui naivigalita ralla ni ra butuk- na vatu katakata ka ra segani-kama.

Quosticu and ann.

1. Na Yanuyanu ca-a e tuki.ml t jo a na I talanoa cNa ya nuyanu k0,Becia

2. Na cava cra dan cakava o _IraEra dau %au nabuv__A dau ni

ro-roi talanoa?_noa.

na yaca j koya dau talanoa?Na Yacai koYa na dau talanca-ko Dredre.

Na_cava e a stwata 0 Tui naE a siwata o ,k0ya e dua na duna.

Na cava c a gal yaco na dIzna ni sä laveti maivanua?

E vuki ma tamata na

Na kaukauwa CavaivigHlita?

-E ã solia na kaukata ka sega n.

106

jla kalou vri vei Tui na

'awa ni butuka na vatu kata-vana.


XII. Vocabula

Beclabesebotocegueila-va

cUdrucudru-dratou-draudUnagena

kalou

kati-akaukauwakawakedelave-ta

mamaduRnabu

rairai

revo,

rogo

taRatinivaka-bulaivaka-mamasuvaka-sasavaka-sigalevuvaka-yakavivatuveigaravi, dauvilavila

volavolavucesa-vukiyalataka

Y.

10

10.10

name of an Land south of Suvarefuse.boat (Engl.)take a break, rest.cila 'to shine, mostly of theSun, moon-br tars'; trans.cilava

easy to loose temper3rd person trial'3rd person dualeel .

demonstrative pronoun thatusually epphatic' -

Spirit; kalou vu 'ancestral god.';na Kalou 40od

kati trans katiaa-tr.-Ong, harddescendantall, altogether

:lave 'raise, lift -'; trans.laveta

baShful,' shypresent of food brought tman who told tales

shark(1) aPpearance (2) it looks likte-0or it seems

as in Vilavila_i revoIthe fire'walking ceremony'

hear, make a noise (of an engLspread, be_heard of (newsbe famous (of a person, orplace)_'.; tranv_. rogoca

baR, ,00cket,.sacktenset firepleadtuntmid-day meal-evening mealstoneattendant, servant; maidaV in Vilavila revo. See

wraiftg--lazy, id1e, worthlessturn, change'promise


A i

(Word order;- ga. )

FIJIA

I. I)la1cue to be memorized.

A: Draki vinaka seragE nikua.

..VaRa-caVaiko; o lake Ii you_going today?vei nikua?

Very good weather today.

Yes ow about you, where are

NI eti ga na,gunu ti As soon as I have breakfast.au na aako ki na

teitei.

Au z gal lesu g.ft:ai ha I teitei enanoa.

I'll,go to the garden.

I just-Came back from the.:garden yesterday.

A: 0 na laiki yei nikua? flere are you going to go today?,

B: Au na via lake-mada I d like to m --r a fast t ipga vaka-totolo to Lau oka first.

Lautoka.

A:, 0 na lesu mai e navica'na kaloke?

B: Au sega nioti totele na

kE au na la'kicakava, au na leumai e na yakavi.

A: Au a via lake talegE ki Lautoka,ia sa dada au segani lesu mai nateitei.

B: SE vinaka, au sala'ki vaka-raumada me'u lake.

Vinaka.

What time wIll you conic back?

I don't know. If I can finishwhat I'm going te de, I'llcome back in the evening.

108

wanted to go to Lautoka, tee,.but it's been long since I'vebeen to my gatan.

.K., I'd better go and getready.


1. Ga., :directly followlas tjust.

Au sega

11.2

ase, is unial, y transla e

ni rawata '1 just can't do iGE. 'also occurs wi h,various particles:

tale gA 'also'Wale FA 'only'Sara 'very'

'each one, every'

Dina ga as the first base in a- sequence, means_ 'inspite of ' . Fo- e)can.iple , E .d4na 6 ni .51rakii -ke.Xyd..0 alako pite of .the bad weather, We still -went.'

Ii vetition- drill.

Au a 'mica gA e dud val rau.,E se levu na tI, ia sR oti gA na sUka.Vaka-cava gR o iko o sega ni lako?Yale vinaka, nanuma ga me vaka-totolo mai..

. Au sega gR ni,kilR na cava e _A- yaco vud.Au nanuMa mo'u s4 wRwR. tiko gA 6 a.Tovolea gA na nbmu I gA taueoko mo rawata.E' segi gR n4 mdcala na cava e cudru kina.Au nanuma mo drau sa lako madra- ga 6.1cemudrau.

,Solia gR- vei au e dua.'

Expan. on.

,Cue Sentence

'.me lakegRmaie duavei kemud

Mb.Cue Senten

Au sega ni nanuma.

na yapan Au sega ni nanuma naTacana.

. SR dodonu'.

sa dodonu MeSA dodonu me lake a.SR dodonu me'lko- 6 mal .

sa dodonu me lake 6 mai e dua .

sa dodonu me' lake gR mai e. duavef kemudrau ,


rawa

'Au kin, la

na kena rai al

-Repatitlon drill.

E rau kaPa taae gä .

lakd tale ga mai na watina.Au'azaega tale, ca. Pl. raiei.keya.'Axtsa saga tale ga ni tukuna vei TimoCi.Efdodonu.mo'lako Vale ga-,Au nuitaka-ni na'draki vinaka tale gã ni ma aka.8a:9'U-tale ga na keda kakana.Taragi koya.tale ga .

o vaka-totolo tale ga mai.o iko.MO kauta tale gB/mai na no_u I sale.

11.

Au sega gA ni nanuma na-yacana.Au 'saga a ni nanuma rawa na

yacana.Au kilA,.ia. au .sega gR ni hapuma

rawa na yacana.Au kila na kana rairai, ia ausaga gR ni nanuma roma payacana.

V. Epansion.

a.

Cue. Sentence

tale gani mataka

au vinakata

e na-mataka lailai

toVolaa'tale gani bera na bo

ke rawa

1 o

E na lako o koya.1,1

E na lako tale ga oEjla lako tale g 0..koya ni

mataka.Au vinakata me n4 lako.talekeya ni mataka.

Au vinakata me'nalako ga okoya e na mataka lailai nimataka.

Sentence

Mo tiko:e lee.

ga

Tovolea mo tiko e ke.Tovoleatale ga mo tiko eToy-010a tale ga mo tiko e kA

ni bera na bogi.Ke ovolea V4,1e- ga mo tiko_

.

. e ke ni bera na bogi.


VI. fi petition drill.

g bai kau wale ga..E levu wale ka ha nona vosa.Mo nanuma wale ga na ka au a tukuna vei ike.Kauta Wale 0 mai e'dua pa i vesuParega wale ga vua na cavd.e vinakata.

,

Sevelea wale ga me vaka-totele mai.Ke tap wale za Vaka-lailai ha uca.Ke R tike Wale Oe ke o koya.Me sauma wale ga e dua na.tare.Me nanuma wale 0 na nomu vosa ni yalayala.

VII. Expans'ion drill.

dartina klikana

, wale-gR

me rauta o rua

na siga,

VIIb.

Pue

na neciu kerekerelwale gRp dedenu

nI e sa be a ni lake

Sentence

Vaka-rautaka.

Da u vaka-rautaka.Daru vakarautaka na kRkana-;---.Daru vaka-rautaka wale 0 na

kakana.Daru vaka-rautaka wale gR nakUkana me rauta e rua.

Daru vaka-rautaka wale 0. nakitkana meraute.'e rua na siga .

n ence

Nanuma.

Nanuma na nequ karekere,.

Nanuma wale gR na negu kerekereE dedenu'Me nanuma wale 0 na

negu-kerekere.Ni o sa bera ni lake e dedenUme nanuma wale gN na-nequRerekere.

VIII. Repetition drill._

E na vanua sara gau R raici keya kina.E na gauna sara gR e R kacivi au kina.Au a,raica sara gR na kalokale.mata I 'alai.E I tau sara g vaka-levu na uca e na begi.

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11.5

Voleka. ara gi_pa tini na kaleko-gai yaco mal o koya.sa ded5 sara ga keiraujiai seta tale.Au sega sara ga: ni gal kunea tale-e dua na kenaAu sega sara gN-ni kilU pa cava n4 vuna.E R kaeivi tamana sara gE, o keya.E sega-sara g5 ni dua e kilã na vanuae tiko k na o koYa-

,

IX. Expansion drill.

a.

Otte

mat L,autokasara ga

e na siga Vakar.aubuka

ni mHcawa SR eti

Sentence

.E E draki v(p.

,E 5 draki v_naka mai autokaE R.draki, vInaka sara gN maiLautoka. '

E R draki vinaka sara- g5-maiLautoka e na siga Vakaraubuka.

E a draki vinakasara, g5 maiLautoka e na siga VakaraubUkaPi m5cawa sa eti.

IXb.

due Sentence

E a solia o Jone

e dua na s tevei au

.e na levu ni nena marau

sara ga

X. RePetition.

E A solia'o,Jcine p dua,na sote.E A solia vei au.o Jene e dua

na sote. !.

E a selia vet au'oJone e duanasote e na levu ni nonamarau. .

E A solia sara-gn vei au o Jonedua,.na sote e na levu ni

nena Marau.

Me ra lake kece Eã mai na gone lalai.Me ratou eakacaka kece gA ni mataka.,E dodonu me nanuma e pa veigauna kece gA.Mo kauta-kece gA mai na kena o raica.Me ni tiko kece gR e kb' ni mataka.Me ni raici au kece g5 e liu.Na vii ni niu kece gU oq e nona o koya.O ira kece gU na gone eqb na luvena.Dou tovoleakece g. me dou tetolo m4i.E vinaka me-kauta kece gR mai na nomu mo o._


XI. Expan- on d__

a.

Cue Sentence

E I tau na uoa.

11.6

e na veisiga E R tau.na uoa e nakece gA E R tau na uoa e na veisiga

e na mRoawa sR. oti E R tau na uca e_na veisigakece gR. e na mIcawa sR oti.Vaka-levu E b... tau vaka-levu na ucke naveisiga keoe gR e pa mIcawasR oti.

xIt

Cue

e dodonumainI*ece gRe na duA-na gauna

Sente

Lesu.

E dodonu mo lesu.dodonu mo lesu mai

;E dodonu mo nI iesu mai.E dodonu mo nI lesu-keceE dodonu mo n1 iesu kece 0 maiena dua_na gauna.

XII. RepetItIon.

E ddna ga ni ratou R rogoca-, Iaeratou R.sega ni vaka-bauta..E dma gA ni'u s tukuna vei raul ia e rau Td.sega ni-kauta.mai.E A yaco dina gãE dina gR ni tamata lailai o koya, sR dua na ata kanalevu.Au na,lako dina ga ni MatakaE dina gE n_draki.o5, 0 R. rawa Vinaka gã na coqaSA ievu dina'gg na uoa e na vanua ocia.Sa dina_ gff na kR au 5 tukuna vei iko.E.dina gd.pi s5 (=lase o koya,' k5kua ni kIla leca vua.E dina gE ni draki vinaka nikua, e sega g ni drakivinaka ni siwa.

XIII. Expansion.

113


Cue

e na macawa sã. _otisR dina gE ni

ia e R,rawa na cakaeaka

Vinaka ga

nelrau

Cue

11.7

Sen ence

E a levu na uea.

E a levu na uca e na mdcawa.sã oti. :

E sa dina ga ni a levu na ucae .ha macawa sR oti.

E sa dina ga hi a levU na ucae na mRcawa-sE oti, ia e Rrawa na eakacaka.sa dina ga n. R levu, na ucae n4 mReawa sR oti, 1A e arawa yinaka gR.na eakacoka.

E sa dina ga ni Rlevu na uca ena macawa sa ati., la e Erawa vinaka gR na neiraucakacaka

ni maeala,na,caVa e Lianati koj

ni-sega ni bau muria ravosa

nei,clase ni vuli

XIV. Repetltionl

. Sentence

SR sega.dina ga;

sa pega dina gR ni macalaSR_ sega dina gã ni macala na

Cava e manati koya.SR sega dina gR uae1a na

cava e manat oya a ni,bauv.mur a_vosa.

SR sega,dina 0 hi maca a nacava e.manati koya ni'sega nibau muria'na vosa4lei claseni. vuli.

E fta lako ki Suva a koya ni mataka.E na lake o koya ni mataka ki Suva.

1. The order of many phrases in Fijian i_ not fixed, butcan vary according to whieh'phrase should bp emphasized.The.emphasis is produced by shifting the phrase to thebeginning orthe sentenee. Compare this to English, whichuses stress emphasis.


11.8

:some of the folloWing drills, the different wordorders.are presented as answers to different qUestions..Note that for some shlfta, particularly that of topic-tothe beginning of the sentence-, the intonation changes.Where.posible,,these are marked by commas.

-0 koya, e na lAkp ki Suva ni matakaL.O koya, e na-lako ni'mataka ki Suva .NI mataka, e na lako kina ki Suva.° koya.Ni mataka, e na lako kina.o koya ki. Suva.

XIVb.

E a tiko mai Suva o Samu e na macawa sa_oti.O Samul e a'tiko,mal Suva-e na macama sa oti.E na macawa sa oti, e a tiko kind mai Suva o Samu.

Mc.-E n4 via la'ki cakacaka ki Vatukoula-na tamana- e ha

yabaki- mai oc16..

N4 tamana, e na via la'ki 'cakacaka ki Vatukoula e nayabaki mai 6q6.

E na yabakt mai oci6, e na via laiki cakacaka kina kiNatukoula na tamana.

XlVd.

E na tiko e!k'J a Sald_ni bera na bogi., 0 Sala, e natiko e ke ni ber'a_na bogi.Ni berk na bogi, e na tiko e ke to Sala.

XIVe.

E -raunar _ u tale mai e-jla vulna lean tale-mai e na vula c ) _4-0 rau

O rau, rau na....lesu,t;ale mai e na vula o MeE na Vula o Me, e rau pa tae mai kina.

XV. - Ques_i ns andiltiswer,s.

a. Sentence: E na lakd ki,Suva o koya ni mataka.

O cei e ha lakolci Suva ni mataka?O koyal e na lako ki Suva ni mataka.

E vet- e na lako kind o koya ni mataka?E na iako ki Suva o koya ni mataka.

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3.1.9

Na. cava e na cakava o koya .ni mataka?E na lako ki Suva o koya ni mataka.E naica e na lake kina a keya Id.. Suva?Ni. mataka, e na lake kina e keya ki Suva.

)(Vb. Sentence.: E a tiko. ma Suva,o Samu e na _-Nca _asa oti.1. 0 cei 6 a tiko mai Suva e .na macawa i?0 Samu, e a tiko mal. Suva e na macawa sa oti.

,E vei .e _ ti-ko kina o, SamU'e na_macalaksa'E a tiko-mai, Suva 0 Samu e na macawa ea oti*Na cava. e cakava o SaMu e rLa macawa sa oti?

_ a tiko rnal Suva o S.amu'e na macawa s oti.E -naica e a'E na macawa

Ike) kina o Samu mai Suva?.e tiko kina, 0 Samu mai Suva .

Sente _E au a, iwata e dua na ika levuVIliame kel Jone mai na uciwal e na bogi .

O cei siwatabogi?

O rat.; o Viliame kei Jone- erau i siwata -e dua na ileztlevu mai na uciwai ,e na bogi.

2. E vei erau a siweta kina e dua na ika levu a rauVIliame kei -Jane e.na bogi?

Mai na uciwaiMai na uciwai erau a siwata .kina edua na_ ika leviu o rau a Vi1iame .kei .Tone e na bogi.

Na cva.erau cakava o Viliame- kei Jane ma i na uciwaie na bogi?Erau a siwata 6 dua na ika levu o. Viliame kei (Tonemai na uciwai. e na bogi.

e dUa na ika levu mai na uciwai e na

E, naica erau siwata k±naè düa na -1ka levu map. Pao Viliame kei Jone?

E na bogi erau siwata kina e dua na ika levu mai,'na .uciwai a rau 'o Vili'aiine kei jone

XVd. Sentence: Au a la'ki von ika ki pa makete nikua.1. 0 bei a voli 4ka ki na makete nikua.

R lalki von ika Id. na makete nikua.-

116


.1.10

E vei 4).5 la'ki voli ika cina nikua?'Ulna mRketegi na makete au n lafki you Ika kinanikua.

Na cava o Vcakava nikua?'Au 511a'ki voli ika ki na mäkete

-E naica o R la'ki veil ika kina ki na makete?Nikua au E'laski voli lk kina ki na makete.

XVe. Sen ence: Na Bull e na:dolava na bose mai na koroe na siga Vukeluiu mai oqb.

,0 cei,e na dolava-.na bose mai na koro e na sigaVukeluiu mai oq5?,

e na:delava na loose mai na koro e nasiga_Vukelalu mai oq5.-

2. E vei,e na dolava kina na base na Buli-e na sigaVukelulu mal eqT?

Mai na koro/Mai na koro e na.dplava kina na bose naBuli e na Alga Vukellau mai oq5,

Na cava e na la'ki cakava na Bull ki'na koro e na siga-VUkelulu tai dc15?E na la'ki_dolava na Bull na bose 'mai na-koro e nth.

siga Vukelulu mai oq5.

E naica e na dolava kina na Bull na bose mai na koro*E na siga Vukelulu mai oqb e na dolava kina na bose

mai na koro na Bull.

XVI. Rebpond4ith the cue a the first phrase _n the sentence,

E.CUe_ Sentence-

_

BnalakoklSuvaokoyanlmataka.

ni mataka

koya.

Ni mataka, e na lako kina kiSuva:,,o koya.

0 koya, e na lako ki Suva nimataka.

E na lako ki Niu'Slladi o Jona-e daidai.

o .Tone.e daidai # 4


e,nanoana taciu

o koyani bera na tolu na kalok

na (=lase ni vuIie na siga vakaraubuka

XVII. Talanoa.

E a raiea na taCiqu.na nodra-tou waqa e nanoa.

E na tiko mal Nad 0 klaya nibera na tolU na kaloko.

E na solia na clasedua na veitarogi e na sigaVakaraubuka

a mast

,Na masl e sega nicvaka-yagataki wale ga-e-Viti e.

kilai tale ga najcena yaga e-na veiyatu yanuyanu tale,esi3 e na masa PaATika. Na yacana kilai ievu ga na ttapa

E dina ga-h0Caka pa masi e na sa ea na tiki 1,111U/timevaka mai:Vatulele kei Lau, ia e vaka-yagataki e na Veiyaaa

keee.gL E levtu .ra gã na ka e.yaga kina-naba013,e vaka-yagdtaki me I lati ni vale, taunamu ka i.ubitale ga ni I moeemoce'.- E-yaga tale ga na masi e nasocioni vake-mau kei na mate, tx0 p vica gE na kena yaga.:raici rawa:v ka ni masi sa dua,na tyauyaea.vaka-levui,seea wale ga e Viti e vakE tale ga kina e na-r'veiyanuydnue na Paslfika me-vakE mal Samoa kef Toga. j

7

Questions.

1. Na yaea eava_e kilai raraba kina na/

2. Tukuna mada e dua,na tikI Vitie caka kina na

3. Na-eava e rua na yaga ni masi o kila?

4. Na vanua cava soti e vakayagataki kind na

Na cava e kilai levu kina'na_maal?

Tukunaeaka

.ada e_dua ña yanuyanu e na-Pasifika e dauale gE kina na masi.


11. 2

XVIIl. Vocabul

.bai fencebzu adv.- prqceding yerb to sof en

the expression-dina 6 (1) in spite of,although

(2) truly, really'.dola-va dola 'to.open'; trans.- dolavael, i t-.1 'do with earnestness, to be

eagerl'; i_va 'earnestness whenactually doing it'

kalokalo ,tar,kece g76- all, without exceptio .everyonekerekere request

.lalai- plural-form of lailai- small'latl enclose, intercept from sight;

i lati 'a- curtain, screen'itrans -. latia

leca lostt missing., undertain,mistakenly

-mana- a mane. 'supernatural pOwermanata lafitedLby., of a-disease'

masi cly a tree, the paper mUlbery(2) the cloth made from thistree

. 7.) cloud:raraba_ widely

.

sara za (1). very,. self-same4.e _acLly,actually;_(2)-T.T,ot.ev-nH

au-ma sau'irepay, answer a qUestion';-7Erans. sauma-

.___--soti a particle modifying a'negativetapa . general Polynesian name-for the

cloth.madefrom the paper,mulbe.ry tree

taunamu mosquito netteitei, i gardenti tea (Engl.)

,

0.1-.J.i a cover, cloak; ubi 'covelvaka:Mau,- marriage ,

Vatuiele name CT' An-island-off the South. ......,._

Coast of Viti Levu.'veigauna' at all times,.always (plural)-veitarogi inquiry, exaMinationveiyasa as' in veiyasa4. Viti: 'parts of

Fiji-; yp,sa 'a side, a place,vesu, i as in i vesuAalo ta bundle of.taro'Vukelulu Wednesday.vuna reason, causeyaiayala promiseya.u& .i zood- alth, riches, possess


FIJIAN

A I. ka tini ka rua n1,13soni.(Comparison; poasession)

I. D1altgue to be mern rized

0 col . na nona waqa Whose boat is that?.oya?

B: Oya na waga neSaimone.

That's Simon's boat-.

wag.- vinaka. ina. It's really a good boat

Ia, e sega ga nitotolo me vaka nanodrau waqa naveltaoini o jonekei Marika.

He e, cei_ mean 'whose

12.1

But it's not as fast as theboat of the brothers,..John.and Mark.

.2. :Nei is a genitive Used with proper baaes. Its usecorresponds to that of nI. For example,

Na vale ni kuroNa vale net Tomas,_

. As with the other Possessives, there are speclafor edible and drinkable objects:

Na dalo kel Pita

.The use of the k- frms is extended beyond edibles.torefer to qual.ities of Person or object:

kena balebale j-s meaning,--ena

',the news -of (about) Sala '/

For inalienables, that issuffixed poSsessives i is usnafied:

/ -

Na tamaNa ulu i Mosese

the forms that take thed when the possessor is


Vaka-cava na nomUdouwaqa?

13: Na neitou waqa na'waqa totolo duadua,ia nanodrau'waqagd na.veitacinioy5,-e rawa ni vodokina e leVu natamata.

.A: E dina e?

A:

Lako mai me'u vaka--raitaka vei iko.-na kena totoloma,neitou waqa.

Sa vinaka.

II.- ftepetitiOn.

12.2

HOW about your boat?

Our boat is the fastest, bute hoat of'those,two brothers

can carry a 7,ot of passengers.

Ts. that- right,--?

Come along so that I can showyou how fas -Our boat Is .

Na'noqu'vale e levU cake mai na nomu,vale.Na nOdrau waqs.Ye total° cake mai na waqLnei Saimone.Na noqu waqa e levU.,eake,na kena i usana mai na nona waqa.E. balavu cake na taciqu mai Vei iko .

cAkla nomu vale esega ni levu me vaka na noqu.Na maga nei'Saimone e sega ni totolo me van na nod_ au'waqa na veitacini oy76.7.

Na nonamaqae:Sega nf levu na kena I usana me vaka na.no'0 iko'Osega ni balavu me yak& na 'taciqu.

III. Substitution.

Gue

non a.

nodrauneimami

Sentence

Na hoqu vale e levu cake maina nomu vale.

Na nona vale e levu cake mai na,nomu vale.

Duadua is one way of showing comparIson. It means1 2 1

'most-.beat'.


neirau.nodranodratouneitou

IIIb.

*C_ue Sentenc

noqu

.nodatouneiraUnomudounodaruneimami.nomudrau.noda_neitounomunI,'

Mc.

12

Na nona vale e levu cake mai nanomu vale.

Na nona..vale e levu cake mai nanoqu vale.

9

Cue Sentence

Na noqu-waqa e totolo cake, maina nomu waqa.

levu

vinakasavasavacaginatotoka.loma levu

IIId.

Cue

ka akata(410osooso

Na noqu waqa e levu cake ma nanomu-waqa.

Sentence

Na nodrau vale e sega ni levume vaka na vale nai Samu.

Na nodrau vale e sega.ni cbme vaka na vale noi Samu.

122,

*


turu_makawa

Me.

12.14

CueSentence

kemu-kena

kedra-keciukemudrau-keiraukegu-kemuniikeda-kena'kedatou-kedratoukemudou-keitoukeimami-kedraukemuni-,keimamikedaru-kedratou

"If.

Cue

lqa.e-balavukaukauwayalo vindkamiMaduavinakalevulevutotoloqaseqaSemamaqI

Na kena uto e dreu cake mai nakemu.

Na, kemu uto-e dreu cake mai na

Sentence

E levu-cake o koya nia vei iko.

E (lase cake o koya mai vei iko.

Cue Sentehce

gone .

malumalu ulekaleka

E lailai sobu na tinamu mai vei:tinaqu.

E gone sohu na tinarnu mai veitinaqu.

193 Hosted for free on livelingua.com

beraberaca'

IIIh. Variable STht.

Cue

balavu

12.5

Sentence

Na nomuTwaqa e totolo cake. maina nodra waqa.

Nanomu waqa e balavu cake malnanodra,waqa.

no- leimami Na nona waqa e balavu cake mai..na neimami waqa.

Na nona yanuyanu e balavu cakeMai na neimami yanuyanu

Na kena ika 6 balavu take mai-na keimathi ika.

Na kena ika ekana vinaka cakemai-na-keimami ika.

Na kequ ika e kana .vinaka cakemai na kedra ika.

Na kequ'kakana e kana vinaka. cake mai kedra,kakana-.Na kequ- Mena e levu cake maina keCra kakana.

Na noqu koro e 1 fv1... cake mad n4nodr4 kyr°.

Nalioqu koro e yawa cake mai nanodra koro. \

Na nodrau kord eiyawa ca e maina none_ koro.

i teitei', Na nodrau 1. teitei e.yawa cakemai na nona i teitei.

bulabula Na nodrau I teitei ebulabulacake.Mai na_nona I teitei.

yanuyanu

ika

kana vinaka,

kequ-kedra,

kakana

levu

koro

yawa.

nodrau-nona

'IV. Repetition.

E.levti:na nodrau koro ka lailai, 9a nomUdrau.E yawa na noqu yanuyanu ka voleka na nomu yanuyanu.E saVasavI na nomulcoro ka duka na-nodrau koro.E eagina vinaka na nomudou vale ka katakata na neitou vale.E .totolo na nodra waqa ka berabera ha'noda-waqa.

4. Juxtaposition of two items is one way of showIng com-parison between them. A sentence of 'the type A is goodand B is bad, can be translated, A is better than B. 124


12.6

kana.vinaka na kemuni dal() ka Rana ea na keimami dale.E gone yalo rnZ.lu na luvomu ka-gono yalo kaukauma na luvena.E batabatA na nomuni vanua ka katakata na noqu vanua.

V. _ ubstl_

. Cue

v51eka-yema

duka-savasavaeagina v1nia-kataJcatasuasua-mEmaeaosooso-galaladraki vinaka-dra] e76_

batabatH-katakataraistrama7dredr6raba-giqabalavu-lekaleka

VI. lepotit1on.

a.

Sentence

E levu na nodratou koro kalailai na nomudou koro.

E valeka na nodratou koro kayawa na nomudou koro;

E dua na waqa totolo.'E duana 'maga totolo na nona waqa.E duana waqa totolo na nona_maga o Timoci.E dua na maga totolo na maga nei Timoci.E dua na waqa totolo na nodrau waqa o Tirnoci kei Mrika .

VIb.

E kana vinaka-E kana vinakaE kana vinakaE kana vinakaE kana vfnaka

VIC.

gunuE.gunuE gunuE gunUE &nu

natavioka.na kerVa tavioka.na kena,tavioka o Samu.na tavioka kei Samu.na kedrau tavioka o Samu kei Jone.

vinaka na wai ni moli.vinaka na mena wai ni'moll.vinaka_na mena wai ni moli, o-Tomu.vinaka na wai hi moli mei Tomu.vinaka na medrauyai ni moll o Tomu kel Viliame.


1. no ca dodonu.ca?. '

- bainvu?:=11.11:n :=cama e Va k1

Lltution.

le nel Nor.nodrau vale Sanu kci

TImocintrauC,pau vale kei Marikaneirau aleno..tou vale o ratdu

amu, kci Marikaval ni kananodrau waqa no cauravoujnc(!rau na cauravou

Jone

fr.

Sentence

E -avasava na nodrau

E savasava na vale nel Mere.4. 0

Sent

Ociö -ha tavako kei MEn

teat tOVZtkU Oqb na kedratou tavako,na mono rourouno roarou,mel Merena tavako'kei tina U.na nodrau valc na vibac1nl

o Jone kei Samuna LI tavako 6 Manoano '01.1nDU mei tamamuna tavako ni tara valena nua ni teitei nei

Ana

126


:VIIc. Variab

n1 tcAteinona

_o SaiMone

riei Salm-

yuUc amago-medrauo Pita ke

o taciqumei taciqumadraivanuahodratouo Jono, Marika', kei Samu

y111. Talanoa.

Ko Viti e wase

yacana na yasana.

tale na yasana; me

12.8

ii nequ Vanua.

Oya na noqt vanua niOyd na-nona vanua ni teitei.Oy na nona vanuani teitei

Saimone.Oya navanua ni teitei rid

Saimeno.Oya na vuaka kei Saimone.'Oya na vlago Mel Saimone.OyA na medrau maqo.Oya na medrau maqo fp Pita keiTImoci.

Oya na mena maqo o taciqu.Oya na maqo mei:taciqu.Oya na madrai kei.taciqu.Oya na vanua nei taciqu.'Oya na nodratou vanua.Oya na nodratou vanua-o ratou

0 Jona,,Marika, kei Samu.o

vaka-titt ka vi. Na i.wasewase oq0

E s6 na yasana e levu cake 'mai na s5

vak.taka nd Yasana ko Ba e Levu cake

mai na Yasana k- Rewa. Na I Liuliu ni Yasana na Roko

Tui se Roko. E wasewase vaka-lani na yasana; _ -aka-tau

e na levu ni yasana, ka yacana na i wasewase oq6 na tikina.

liutaka na tikina na Euli. Na keno_ vaka-tauta vata e

rauta a va na tikina e na dua na ya --a. Na levu -hi

e na dua na tikina e sega ni tautauvata; na Tikina ko Bau

levu cake na koro e tiko kina mai na Tikina ko Wainibuka,

dina,ga ni levu cake na i yalayala ni vanua ni Tikina-ko

Wainibuka=mai na Tikina ko Eau. E 1 utaka na koro na

tUruga ni koro. E s na koro e levu cake mai na o tale


na koro ka duidul na lovu ni tamata era

Questio

.1. E vica na levu tauCoke ni y4sana e Vit2. Na cava e levu na yasana se na tikina?3. E lailai sobu na Yasana o Ba mai na Yasana o Rewa?4 0 cei na I Liuliu ni Yasana?

Na.tikina cava e Ievu na I wiliwili ni koro e tikokina na Tikina o Bau se na Tikina o Wainibuka?

6, 0 aei na Bull.7. E vaka-evel e dau vaka-tau na I wiliwili ni tama a e

tiko e na dua na_tikina mai na levu ni tikina?8. E i'Liuliu ni Tikina n4 TUraga ni koro?_9. Na cava e,levu duadua na yasana, na tikina sena koro?

10. E raUtae vica na tikina e na dua na yasana?

12.9

iko -ina.

IX. Vocabulary

berabera- slowbulabula healthybulibuli, I built,_formcake as a particle after the base

used in comparing: 'more than,

ceredrEdreduiduidukalevulevuliuliu,loma levumalumalumumamaqIqaseqase

qlqc5

rabarawarawaRewaRoko, Roko Tuisesobu

Tikina

tautaUvatatotoka

turu I

greather than'highdifficult harddifferentdirtystou'c, fata leader, a commander, 1spaciousweak

cede.'

stingy(1) dwarfish, small for oneage (2) old, cunningdeceitful

narroW(1) wide .(2) thickeasythe name of a ?rovinceadministrative head of a provincewhether, or(1) down, downwards, as,v.,de&cend, come down, go asho efrom a canoe .

administrative division of aprovince

equal, even, level, similarpretty, handsome, dashing,yleasailt

drip,drop (liquids)


'ysana,utovaka-lalai

vaka-takavaka-tauyaka-tautauvLaveitaulni

vaka-tini ka vawaseyalo malua

1

12.10

cargo, loadbreadfruitin little oUs-, plural form ofvakalailai

resemll bc likedepending one4ually with, by comparison(I) siblings (2) children whose

fathers are siblines; childrenwhose mothers are siblings

fourteen timesdivide; i_wasewasegentle-hearted-; Valo

soult; malua. 'gently; slowly'

129


J :A i ka tini ka t-)lu

(Di

I. Dialocue.

A: 0 eei e lako tti oyd?

B: E o koya e lakotiko oy5 e yasa nivale ni-lotu?

A: 0 koya.e liu tikovel rau, sega nikeya e muri tikomai.

tr-4

B: 01,, keya e taura tikoha i sele. 0y5",

Aviuta.

,E rairai'e s5..lesubeka mai.Lautoka.

13.1

Who Is going over there?

Where, the onethe side of

hat goieg one ch?

The one tha''s in front oftwo, not the one followin,behind.

Oh, the one that carrying theknife. That'.. Aviuta.

He mus-t have efrom Lautoka.

directienals fall into- everal diff

back already

_rent classes:

1. Some directionaIs operate like bases, in thatoccur after directional markers. Note the similaritypatterning in the following:

'He went to Suva'Where did he go'He went-down'He went up.'

E a .1,ako ki. SUvaE a lako ki vefE a lake ki raE a lake kJ. FEke

theyof

2. The members.of another class are related to fIrst,second, and third-person pronouns,'in the sense that theyrefer to ',laces near each of these persons. Eg. eqb 'byme'; eciori 'by you'. 0 5 i- similar to ker -but the formercan mean c ose with ispeet to time, as well as place.

1 0


11. f4reetiona1 (opki

a. Rc.pctitlon.

Mo biuta tu e kfT?

. 7ful e

e na nogu0 vei e tiko e kO?Lako tanl mal e

13.2

Tocativc!o) used. v.rith _1kers e,

rlemU

Ilb. Substitution.

Cue

lakotosobiutaolia

tokia

Leave your l_Eage here.

Stand here.kI. My key was lost

Who's if.n hero?Go away from here

Iic. Repetition.

Mo bi-kALa ti e,kerl na_nomu 5 y-AyTt.

keri.E a yali e keri na noqu

. kI.cei e tiko e keri?

Lako tani mai-e keri.

IId. Subs tution.

Cue

laketosobiutasolia,tokia

-Repetition.

Mo-biuta tii e keya-nanOmu I yaya.,

Sentence

Cici mai i

Lako mai i k7e.

Leave yoUr lugEaGe

Stand thereMy key was lost there.

Who's in there?Cd away from there.

Sentence

Cici yani I keri.

-Lako yani I keri.

a

Leave y :Luggage there.


TU e kc!ya. Stand thOise.E i yali e,.keyo na noqu My key there,

-0 eel a tikoLako tani e keya.

hTf. Subztituf;ion,..=

Cue

lakotosobiutasoliatokia

te

hig. Repetition.

Kauta mai ki loma na'nomu I yaya.

Reino moriavale.

Na cava o a la'kicakava e'loma?

Lako mal loma.Wawa tiko e loma.CUru ki loma.

4,44e,,q411-4. 44,4

Kauta .mai tuba, na n _muyaya;

Raica mada-e tuba.Na caVa o a la'ki cakava

e tuba?Lako mai tuba.Wawa tiko e tuba.

11h. ,uesti)n and answer.

ie sti on

E vei na tanoa?E -vei a tinamu?E lako I vei?E ratou mace

tikO e vei?kauta I vei

na I yaya?

Cue

lomatubatubaloma

Who't; in thci.c?.Go ay from there.

SentenCe

Cici yani i,keya.

Lako yani i keya.4

Bring your ,luggagernsi

look foi, 11., inside.

What did:you go and do inside?

Come inside.,!Wait inc,ide.'Enter.

Bring your luggage outside.

'Look for it outside.What did you tr,o and do cutsi

Come outside.Wait outside.

An6wer

ni vale' E tiko e loma ni vale.E tiko e tuba.Au lako i tuba.

ni rumu E loma ni rumu .

loma,nilalvato

132

Au a biutwe loma ni. kbvate.


M 'u kana e vel? loamE vei na gone? tubaMe'u lake i tuLgMetu vakasagar6 lom:A

e. vel?Me'u vaka-sagar tuba

e vei?Me'u Icaut. I voi?

Me'u kauta I -vel? ba

13.11

vale Karla e lona ni vaE tfko e tuba,

tuba.lc Vaka-6agara loma ni

vale.ka-sagarn e tuba.

- ta mai I loma niyale.

Kauta.yani i tuba.

Repa -ition.

Biuta na cina e (na) dela ni tEveli.Na cava o cakava tlko e (na) dela ni vale?Au_ si biuta tiko nala: e (na) dela nI kZvate.Vaka-raica e (na) dela ni-cakau.Samake:mada na dela ni waqa.

Biuta na cina e Ia).ruku ni tEveli.Na cava o cakava tiko.e (na) ruku ni vale?Au sa biuta tikona ki e (na) ruku ni k-c5v4 e.Vaka-raica e (na) ruku ni cakau.Samaka-mada n4 ruku ni waqa.

IIj. Cumulative drill. 'Cues givenmo_ions and picture on blackboar

Q4es_:_ion An ler

E47. tiko e vei 0. koya?

Sã c:ci ki vei o TZmasi?Sa,lako rnai vei o koya?

Repetition.

Kabata madadua na niu.

Laveta mai e cakeyavamu.

Babe e cakeVosa mai e cake.Solia mai ki ra e sbna niu

cake e

Sd tiko loma ni vale o koya.kUkerikenruku ni va etubadela ni. vale

Clipb up f-r a co nut (plea

na Lift your foot up.

Sit on t p. A.t down on a chair.)Speak up.Pass some of those c conu down.


BiutuDabc c ra.VosaT050 mai

id no:px kato

t

kl llu_ ea nomuI yayg,

Kauta nial e Itu nu 1-10inU1. ygya.

Dau rai ktdraiya.

Dau ral e ltu ni. bera-ni o draiva.

Me ra lake mai ki a.Auna gone.=

,Me ra lako nal e llu nagone.

Mo galna nomu

-Mo gal ka ta mai e murtna nomu 1 Taya, ni otiogori.

C kacaka e liu qal saumi

Dau rat tiko ga elakua ni rai,ki

Me ra lako mai kina gone.

Me ra qai lako mal emUri na gone.

i 4 murini,oti

liu,muri.muri

III t Ion als

petition.oq-6, ociori

0 cei nanona ± ya,Kauta ocie5 yua.Na_cava ocle?00 na noqu mot();0-cei e solta ocia vet

0 eel na nona I yayaogori?

Kauta ogori.vua.Na-cava ogortlOgori na nomu mete,0 eel e-solia.Ogori v-

i$co?

Place yourSit down.Don't .spf2 Jd o JDud .Nove down te.x bttoi

undernea

Bring your luggage up to thefront.

Bring your ggage fl

Always look (straigh.)when you drive.

Always look first before, ydrive.

Let the children come up ifront.

Let the children come over

Then bring your lugliaback after that:

Then bring your luggage later)after that.

Work fir,,t, then pay later.

Always look forward; neverlook back.

Let the children come to theback.

Then let the children clater.

without preceding particles.

Review of the personal directionalsiand oya.

Whme luggage is .thTake this to him.What's this'?This Is my spear.Who-gavethls to-you?

1,41-1oe lu gage is that?

Take him.1.14at it?That's. youth spear.WhO.gave that.to

.134Hosted for free on livelingua.com

0 eel na nona I ydYtY oya?Rauta oyaNa eava oyau.0y71 na nona mot°.0 -cel e solia oya voi

koya?--

Mb. Variable

Cue

tavakoYacionaoqorlmotoi teleoqboya

Repe ition.

Lako nal vei au.O cei e R kauta mai?Solia g4 mai e due..O lako mai vel?Vaka-toto3n mai vu4.

Lako yani vu4.0.cei e A kauta yani?Sella g4'yani e dua.O A lako yani vaka-cava?Vaka-totolo Yani vuE.

Lako-tani.1O cei e 4 kauta taniiLako tani mai vu4.Lako tani yani vuR.Vaka-tOtolo tani.

6

Whose lue;ga--Take that to him.What' s tht?Thatt's his f;peal.Who gave that to hir?

Syr -ence

O cei na nona

0 eQiO ceiO ceiO eel0 cei0 eeiO eel

naa

panananana

kenamenamenanonanonanonanona

vava qB?

tavako oqZ?yagona oq-o?yaqona ociori?moto oqori?i tele ogori?isele

sele oya?

Come over toWho broughtGive me one only.Where do you cbme from?Come over quickly to him.

Go over to him,Who brought it over (thGive.one only.How did you come over?Go over quickly to him.

Go away.Who took it away?Go-away .from him.Go away-to him.Go away quickly.

Although both yaiiland tarii. refer to directionaway from the speaker, tani is less specific at to pla

13


hId -Cumulat

1.

Cue

key,akeyeiTiutubamUri

lomakeyndelanakericake

'kpansien.

mai.tani

. .

-vaka-tetelekeyaSara

kike

MO

13 7

t-1c"en

Icey a.

tike keyi o koya.tike cake'.6 kf4a.

0

Lake kl tuba.

Lake ki loma.Lakn ki keya.

0

Sentence

Lake.

Lako,mai..Lake tani mai.Lako tani mai vaka-totole.'Lake tani mai keya vaka-totele.Lako tani -ara mai keya vaka-'tetplo:

Lako tani sara mai keya'vaka-,totelo kike

Mo lako.,tani sara Mai keya vaka-totelo ki ke.

1. Some words appear in the followIng drills, that havenot occurred in the preceding exerci es. They refer todirections., but are less like partie es and more like lexi-cal items. The list is open-ended and includes the Fijian.: _

terms for 'left', 1right'-, compass directions, etc: The,student may elicit such new vocabulary as needed.

13 6


ociorivei Salimyanie dua

nia ka

loma ni-e na, dela

na.tavako

' kevakd ko6'

1kauta mai

'vet au

Cue

t6ve

Variable Slot.

ki racThivaki wai

kEna moto'keyäy anioc176

vei rauna pakete tavako

Ci ci vaka .

ci val: a ogori

Ci ckvaka -000ri vet S amuCi civalca yani ociori vet SamuCi.civakh, yani e au oclori. vet -

Samu .

CecivakaIani e dua na ka oqorivei Sanu.

Rai ca 6 vale .

Raica 6 loma ni vale .

ai.c a e loma ni Vale e na de_ anI tUveli .

Rai ca p loma ni Vale e na dela,ni,tdveli na tavako.

Kevaka o raica e loma ni vale- e.na dela ni tEveli na tavako.Kevakd'o mica, e loma ni vale .

e na dela ni tdveli na.tavako0kauta

Kevaka o raica e.loma ni valeella dela ni tEveli na tavako,kauta mai vei'au.

-Sentence

Kauta mai e, dua oqori ki tuba.

_Kauta mai e dua oqori ki'rd.Cicivaka mat e dua oqori. ki-ra.Cicivaka mai e dua ogori kJ' wai.Cicivaka mai, e dua oqori ki kE,Dicivaka mai na moto oqori ki kE.Cicivaka Mai na moto ociori ki keyR.Cicivaka yani na moto oqori ki keyd.Cicivaka yaniQna moto ociö ki keya.QJ-civaka yani .na moto oci5 vet rau.Cicivaka yani na pdkete tavako

oci-6 vei rau.

1 7fe


Cue eso ;.; _ten

mada yani e loma nivale na

13.9

dela ni tuveli Vaka-rnica mada yanl e dela ni .

tEvoli nai lavo Vaka-raica mada yani e de)a ni

. tEveli.na-i )47.,biuta Biuta nada yani dela nitvclI na o.Mai Biuta mada rnai e \dcla ni tUvoli

na lavo.kena ve5-' 'BAuta mada Mai e 1ela ni tGveli

-,na.kena.v5.We7 Biuta Mada mai e k6 na kena vb.solia Solia mada mai e k7e na7kene va. ,

ki liu Scala mada.mai ki liu na kena-v5.moto Scala mar_Thl mai ki liu na moto.yani Solia mada yani- ki liu na moto.

3e.

Cue Sentence

Biuta na dina e n4 ruku ni tveidela, Biuta na eina e na dela ni t6yeli.k3vate Biuta na eina e na dela ni lOvate.kaloko Diuta na kaloko e na ddia ni

k3vatc.-loma Biuta na kaloko e na loma ni

kavate.valekatomaroroya

tabua

boto

vunia

IV, Questlon,

'u bluta,c v-ina nomu A 5,-6.yR7 ylly=5

Cue

Biuta na kaloko c na loma ni vale.Bluth na kaloko e na loma ni kato.Maroroya na kaloko-e na loma ni

kato.Maroroya na tabua e na loma ni

kato.Marovoya na tabua e na boto.ni

kato.Vuhia na tabua e na boto ni kato.

Etuonse

e loma Mo bluta e loma na noqu


waraki au tikoe vel'o koya?

E veina noquYaYA?

E vei na noqu mataIloilo?

Me' u e vet'?

Na ika eavavinakate

Me'u biuta e vei?

Na yasana eavatukuna vua

me- qara kina?

O a biuta e veina eina?

E dabe tiko e veio koya?

Me'u lako I vei?

O biuta e veina-noqu Id?

E vei na noquviu?

Me'u kauta ki veina,ka,oq6?

Me'u- dabe e vei?

e tuba

e ruku nitEve*

e muri

mai vei au

e na dela nivata

oqo

ki cake

ra

139

13.10

E warak_ iko tik- etuba.

'Oya na

00 na nomu -ata hello.

-Mo tEl e

.Na ika ovri au vin:

40 biuta e k.ata .

Tukuna vua me qara I liu.

Au biuta na eina eruku ni

E dabe tiko e mUr,koYa.

Lako mai vei au.

Au a biuta na nomu kina dela ni vata.

00 na nomu I viu.

Kauta ki_ cake na kaoqori.

Dabe e ra.


V. Talanoa.

Na k clvf nr-voru

Rauta e l ma sagavulu vaka--caca nalcova koiSuva, e ciLri koto kina na yanuyanu davu. E na yanuyanuoqo e tiko kina na koro 'ko Namuana. koro ko Nauana e

vcileka sara-e bati,ni wai. E -1 koro oqp, e tokakiha e dua na delana. Ni da tn- elana, e-rawa .n3 da rai

ki na vualiku se ki na .deva,na delana gona oq6, rauta/o 1L4 na di lima agavulurua na drau na fiti mai dela w c ra,dau kdol_va

vonu o ira na marama i. NaMuana.- Ni ra sa dau sogoelana oq3 o ira na marama era sa qai Mai vudulkoto yani .da rai ta, era sa qai %rude yaduduai cake mai kii dela ni,

a. na vonu.,Na kacivi vaka-oqi5 ni!vonu e dau daka tale ga e na,ko o

ko Nacamaki e na yareuyanU ko Koro. Na yanuyanu ko Koro ekoto ki na tokaiau kei.. Viti -Levu e na yatu Lomaliti.

-tionh.

I. Cavuta e duana yanuyanu e dau kacivi kina n!a vonu.

tiko e vei na yanuyanu ko Kadavu?

E tiko e vei pa koro ko

i.

5.

0 cei,e dau kapia na vonu e na kor

vica na maile na yawa kel.Kadavu:maL.0i-SNu::'n

v

6. Na yatu yanuyanu cava e will Una

140


3.12

VI. Vocabulary

bati sharp e ge, boarder; bati ni wai'river bank or the sea coaatf-

cake . -upwards, from abovecici-vaka cid. 'runt; trans cicivaka

lrun to or for'.cira-va cina 'lamp or torch'; cinava

'find something with a torch'daku back of a person, or thingdela above, top or surface of anythingdraiva drive, driver (Engl.)

glass, mirror;:bilo Iloilo'drinking glass'; mata iloilo'spectacles'

kato basket, box, trunk, suitcasekeri there (by the heare )

kevan ifkey (Engl.)

Kadavu island sOuth of.Viti LeVu!Ovate cupboard (Engl.)maroroya take care of, keepNacamaki village nameNamuana village name 6ruku space under a thing; it la

used only with prepositionsrumu room .(Engl.)tabua the whale's toothtani different of a place; elsewheretveli table (Engl.)tokalau easttoso move; tran. tosoya 'move an

object'; tosova 'move close to't as em auxiliary verb,, t. imp)ies

standing in a place, being inthe given condition

vaka-sagara cookvale ni lotu churchvata shelf, loviu, I umbrellav6 left overvonu turtlevualiku northvucu chant-vude come to the water's sugfacevuni-a vuni 'hide, conceal trans .

vunia vunitakayadudua one at a time

_, platform


FIJIAN

A i ka tini -ka v ru. 1son1

( uestions- revie.

I. Cava

Repetition.

Na cava vtl r.I nomu vulica na vosa Vaka-vNa cava o dau cakava c-nd veisiga Tabu?Na yanuyanu cava e tiko kina o Suva?Na gunu cava nu memU gunu vinaka duadua?Na mataciali-yaloyalo cava o vinakata?Na gauna cava e na tekivu kina na vuli?Vaka-Cava o kilai kOya vinaka?0 kin vaka-cava ni'u tiko e 1(5?

Ib. SubstItutIon.

Cue

kanarairawavoligunusoliwilivolava-kaurogo

lak6 kina ki mace

kataIau kinalako kina ki vulivuka-sigalevu kinalesu mai kina ki valevaka-yakavi kinavuli 16soni-kinateitei kinalako kina ki na.mketelako kina ki cakacaka

Sentence

Na cava o :cakava?

Na cava 0 a kania?Na.cava o T. raicr.?

Na gauna cava 6 dau yadra kina?

Na gauna cava o dau lako kinaki Mocc?

Na gauna cava o dau kata

142

au kina?.


II. Vel__,yaka7eVe-

a. Repetition.

vei .beka na vale ni wal nI mate?tiko e vei.na.namU vale?a tiko e vei. na tacimu?

Sa,cakacaka tiko e vei nikua?kai vei o koya?a kunea Mai vei na kaloko oclori9vaka-evei na levu kei Suva?vaka-evei na deai ni .vuka. mai Suva ki adi?.

1/4.2

Substitution.

Cue

posl.tbvesr3r3 ni .agavuka

:15-acie

5telawavusit6seni ni ovlsvale ni volavola ni-Kaunisela ni Merikavale ni kakaburakLvale ni zraloyalo

vuka mal SuVa ki Nadi

nomwtiko e k6

nomu cakacaka e nariöñn gade '

vulki.ucaucanona tauvi.matecakacaka_ocfeynomu tara na valesoko ki Labasa.nomu na tiko mai k

Sentence

E vei na rnkete?

'E vei naTosit5vesi?E vei na I r5r5 niwagavuka?

E vaka-evei na dedE ni nomu srt%,.

tiko voli' e-=

_Suva?

E vaka-evei na dedE hi vuka maiSuva ki Nadi?

E vaka-evei na dedE ni nomutiko e ke?


lic. Variable !iertt.

Cue

totolo

Suva

vuka

vaka-cava

.Honolulu

dedE

1(6

lako

o kila

keyi

Sentence

E vaka-evemai Viti

na 1. tovo ni sokoi Hawaii?,

E Naka7evei na totolo ni so oMai Viti ki Hawaii.vaka-eveina.totolo.ni sokómai Suva ki Hawaii?

E vaka-evei ha totolo ni vuka0141 Silva ki Hawaii?

E vakA-cPVa na totelo "%,mai Suva ki Hawaii?vaka-eava na totolo ni vukamai Suva.ki Honolulu?

E vakaeava na dedE ni vUkamai Suva ki Honolulu?

E vaka-caya na dedE ni vukamai k6 ki Honolulu?

E vaka-cava na ded6 ni lakomai k6 'II Honolulu?

0 kin na dede ni:lako mai Ic

ki Honolulu?E kila na dedE ni.lako mai kiS

ki keyB?

III. Viea

-a. Repetitipn.

E vica na vosa oE Vica na tItobu ni uei ai oc13?0 sE yabaki VAca?E vica e raWa ni lako ni mataka?ELlewe vica vei kemuni e rawa ni vukei au?Sa-vicabeka na kaloko?Na I ka vlea ni siga nikua?E vica na levu ni yanuyanu taucoko mai Vi

IIIb. SubstItutIon.

Cue

mu yabakisau ni.i tui ika ocf6?

tItobu ni ueiwai oq6 ?i_vodovodo hi basi ki Suva

Senthce

E vica .na kemu bal vu?

E vica na nomu yabakiE viea na I sau ni ika


lewe xl kodedE n1 vuka ki Labamai Nadi

..dede7. hi soko mai SuVakij_iauteka

ded ni,nomu tiko,kna yawa mai Necil. ki

Okaladibalavu nl nomu boto

IIle. Vaiab1 sl

Cue Sen,,t2nco

E viCa na lavo 6 dodonu me'usolia vei iko?

mai vuü E vica na I lavo e-dodonu me'uolla

taura E vica na I lavo'e dodonu me'utaura mal vu7J?

na-ika vioa na ika e dodonu u'.,taura mai vuli?

ma E vica na ika 6 d-donu motaura mai vat?

rawa E vicana ikad rawa mo taUramaj vuli?

ni o E vica na ika p rawa ni o tauramai .vu.?

vei Tatou

,volia

na dalo

levu

Gel

A., Repotltlon.

Na vale nei cei ocO?Na gunu mei:eel oc13?Na j1na kel cei?O cei e gone duadua vei kemudoO rogoca vei cei na I tulcutuku oqtiO cei sa 'vaka-d-onuya na nomu lako?O cei bcka:ekilE na, vale nei Jone?O oei soti 6 na qlto ni mataka7

E vica na ika e rawa ni o taurammi \rel. ratou?

E vica na ika e -rawa ni o voliania vei ratou?

E vica na dalo e rawa ni o voilamai vei rato0

E levu na dalo e rawa ni o voila'mai vei ratou?


IVb. SubstItution.

Cue

gunuina

yaganaluvgnamaaadal()kolItaviokatamana,wai ni molitavioka

111.5

Sentence

kauta mai 0(45 ki k5-vaka-vuliól iko e na

vosa Vaka-vititalai iko ki nasitoasolia vei ikona kR oq5mai raici ikotarogi ikovrikauta mai vei iko'vaka-taitaka veileu mai SuVa nikualako ki Suva nikua

Variable

que

oqorl

vola

oyd

kina

e vei

oq5

ceiha nena vale.ogo?

el na mena gunu oq5?O ci na kena jAinaoq57

O eel e a tarã na nomu vale?

-0 .cei e d kaUta mai oq5 ki ke*?O eel e a vaka-2vulici iko e na

vosa Vaka-viti?

Sentence

O cal me'u k .0 a vua naoloolo oq5?

O cei me'u kauta vua naoloolo ociori?

O cei me'u kauta vua na I volaociori?

O cei,me'u kauta vua na I vula

O eei me'u kauta kina na I volaoyd?

E vei me kauta kina na i velaoyd?

E vei me'u kauta kina ni I v laoq5?


biuta .

kato

ki vei

Naica-

a. Repetition.

E naleanaica

E naicaE naiea

naieaE naicaE naieanaiea

14.6

E vei -l'uTbiuta kina na I volaoqi5?

'E vel me'u biuta kina na katooq6?

Ki vei meu biuta kina na katoocia?

o lako kina?na 'nomu sica ni suau?o raiei koya kina?na I ka ono ni siga?datou nalako kina ki siwa?me'u na raici vuniwai tale kina?o na tiko kina mai Suva?sana oti kina na nomu cakaeaka?

Vb. Subs ution.

Cue

eakakina na boseoti kina na nomu gãdola kina,na nomu vale nivolavola vou

.yaeo mai kina na wage.'tara oti'kinana valeoaka kina na nomu vaka-._mautikivu.kina na vula

ucauea.vuka kina ki Niu Siladi

o Samucaka kina na veidigidiadola kina na bose

Vc. Variable slot.

Cue

vale

147

nee

E naiea

8 naicaE naica

Sent n

e na

e nae na

Cdkivu kina na vuli?

caka kina .na base?oti kina na nomu gadUl

.haica e sa dodonu me oti kinana waqa _oqp?

E paica c sa dodonu me otl kpa vale oqö?

-a


-rawa E naica e sA rawa me -oti kina na-vale oq3?

ni na E naica.e sd rawa ni na oti kinana Vale oqb?

..oya E naica e sA rawa ni na oti kinana vale 6y5.?

vaka-yaatak i_ sE naica e sa rawa ni ,na Vaka-yagataki kina na vale oyd.?

valeni Volavola E naica e sd rawa ni na Vaka-yagataki kina navale nivolavola oya?

E naziga cava e sa rawa ni navaka-yagataki kina-na vale nivolavola oyd?

You E na'aiga cava e sZ:rawa ni na-vaka-yagataki kina na vale niyolavola vou?

'dola E na siga cava e sE rawa ni na,

e na siga cava

tukuni

VI. Que tion intonation.

dola kina na vale hi volavolaYou?

E na siga cava e sdAukuni nina dela kina na vale ni vola-vola you?

The following are given firs

E sega ni rauta ogo:iO sa sega ni lake.O bula vinaka.

.

:E rawa ni o vaka-to olo mai.E lako ki Lautoka o koya..E tiko e ke o TImoci.O kilai koya.0-sa lesu mai.E rawa niru vodo yani.E levu na uca mai Nadi.

h question intonation.

ntonationt-

Vic. -Given the sente de with the statement intona _onproduce it with a quest on Intonation.

148


Quest.)ons and Answers

a. Answer the question, using

tions

E vaka-ic11 tlko e vei na nomu

E vica e rawa ni vodo e na waqaoqö?

E naica au na raId Iko talekina?

Na gauna cava e. na -oti kina navula I ucaucaZ

E vei o ni dau siwa kina?E vaka-evei na levu ni tamata

e tiko e Suva?E vica beka na I sau ni _dal°. oq3?

0 cei',drau E lako vata ki Suva?E naica drau na lesu kina mai

Suva?Na cava o vinakata vaka-levu, nadalo se na tavioka?:

E vei bek4 au'rawa ni voli tavak6Aina?

E vica e rawa ni o kauta mai?.

ga bate nei cei e vaka-yagataka.tiko o ViliaTe?

E miica meu na raici-vuniwai -.

tale kina?E na siga.caVa 0 a yaco mai kina. ki Nadi?D,5 volia ma vei na ntmu s te?vaka-evei ina r!ada ni_nomu vulic4pa, vora vaki-Viti?

.2 ha vica na kaloko dou na lakokina?

\

3 naica drau a yacomai kina kiNadi?

he cue

Cues

3tela ogori

e ruasagavulukitou

e na bogirua

e na vula 6nti

e n4 uciwai 0 6limasagavulu, na

udolulima na silinidua na I vesu

luveautini ka ciwa niOkotova

na tavioka

ne sitet-oya

ruasagavuluni koro

na siga mainikua

ka ciwa niOkosita

Lautokaono na vula

veim5md ni tolu

bogirua

Answers

E vaka-i-cili tiko.na noqu,VLagi'e'na 51:ela oq-ori.'

E rtasagavulu ka,tolu e rawa nivodo e na waqa too.

0 na midi au tale e,na t

E na oti na vula i.ucauca evula o Mat.

50


iVIib. .Form possible questions for tho following answers.

C ur2 Henr):--,1;u

1 . Au di.1 lakb e Na iui e;!=vn_ o clau mbee kina?na tui na Naloko ,

2:. Au ki]:?, 6 tolu _n a E vico. na Nmtaviai vosa o kilã ?P1 li y(:).;i:

Au a yaco mai e naVukelulu ni

aw s a .ot7

E raL-114 6 tini kaono na mai]e mai

I'k -I,au t k aniko e b1 niuciwai na norjuvale.

6. E kal Ositerelia akoya.lima na Kabaki n a7

dede hi ociu -tikoe Suva.

8. E soko vaka-dua nawaqa e na_ve_m_auawamai Viti ki

9. E lima na silinl- duana i vesu dalo.

10. E walU 'na silinisl veni r1:71--v oda-

vodo ni basi ki Suva.11. E lewe tini.e rawa ni

)ako ni Mataka.Nikua.na I ka tinLka

vãnj. Tiselia.13 0qinajirni koi

lb. 0 S-a-mu na I liuliu nioq

E le vu cake o Lautbkamai vei Nausp1.,

16. Keiau a lako Vata Neiluvesu ki Suva.,

17. Au a solia vel turaq,ani kora_ naSelo.

18. AU na lako ena mzicawamai ocip.

19. Daru na mai sota tale ,

na vula Na tumaik.,

20 Ma .noou siga ni sucufl I ka. 1117a niJiune .


21. Au yaco Iflal e

Mbnite nirifacawa sit ()Li

Oy a

XIIa. Trans la tnto

1. N cavt 11R yti ni. nonn v 'Lica na vosa Vaka-viti?2. Na yantilu CaV c tikn kina ko Suva?3. Evei beka na nerla vale?4. E kai vei a koye5. 0 s yahaki vica?6. Sa vica balm na kaloko?7. E natca si-71 na otl kina rip! nomu cal<a8. E naica e na yaca mal kina na waqa?9. E a tauvi mate' vaka-cava a koya?

10. E vaka-evei na dedd ni nomu na tike

Transla e into Fijian.

What is the English word for vale?What's that?Where can I buy some cigarettes?Where have you been?

,5. now much is this string or fish?6. How many kids do you have?7. When will you -return?

. 8. When is your birthday?,9. How Cid he go?

10. How shall I cook your _?

XIII. Vocabulary.

bagebasibogiruaJiunekakaburaki

KauniselaMatanitUOkaladiOkositaOkotovaoloolo,Ositereliabtelaovisar3r-6,Siga Tabusilinisisivenisiasenitaba 152

bank (Engl.)bus (Engl.)two nights 6-eforeJuno (Engl.)as in vale ni_kakaburaki_ 'b oad-

.

casting:hetise'-Consul (Engl.)governmentAuckland .

AUgust (Engl.)Octobera parcel, a wrappingAustraliahotel (Engl.)officer, policeman(1) roost, perch ) a landing groundSunday .

shilling (Engl.)sixpence (Engl.)station (Eng).)branch

(Eng .)


-

titobv% deep'(of water ) profouna (ofthoukhi,)

custom, manner, habit, disposlquality, chziacter

strinc 01report, news, messaeapprove,-accomodatedteach a person somethingofficeelection, ballotfare for travelinrvuka 'to fly'; trans. vukaca

'fly over'visitorairplanewharf,briagt. (Engl.)

tovo,

tui,tukutuku,wtka-donu yvaka-i-cilivaka-vulicavale ni volavolaveldigidiFTvodovodo,yuka-ca-

vUlagiwagavukawavu

1

a


15.1II

F1JIA!,1

A I ka tlni ka lima ni 1oni

(Tu ti ok. .- r- m---eent 4n numh'r. directionqls.\

I. Dialeuu

A, Na cavaro cakavatiko?1

B: Soga, t5 e5 evale;

What are you doing?.

Nothing. I'm just a; home.

A: 0 se nanuma tlk, na Do you still remember what wenodatou yeinaki? agreed to do?

B: 10. E datou na lake Yes. What time are we icavi0g.e na vica na kaioko?

A: 0 iko, o. TInocI vatakei au, datou nabiuta e k e naciwa.

B: Vaka-cava o Saimene?

You, Timci,. and -I wIll leave-here_at

What about Saimene?

A: 0 koya c sa t. rnai He's' still in Ra, -but he shote dodonu me na lako be cming sack today .

cake mai nikua.

E datou na hlko e wai Ar we going by sea or hy land?se e vanua?

A: 0 kedatou na liu,dateu na muri evanua, ca nasoko oqb ni liwatiko na vualiku.

B: vinaka.

Three of 11,5 who are going firs'will co by land. It's notvery good to sail, since thenorth wind.is blowing.

.

All right.--

1. When tiko occurs after a verbal base, it Operateslike a function word. Here it lb a progressive. As abase, it means 'stay, reside'. Tu as a base means 'stand'.

The distinction between tikeThd ca.is not clear-cbt,but the former is usually moFF-FxplicD7 as to location.

151


Ta

TU mada.

T]ku

:!

o e

o

Tia vaka-ua.yavala.

Tiko vDka-dua, kuaveilakoyakj..

Stand.once)

St ay.

StrInd here.Stay here.

0 tri e vei mai Honelulu? Ji0 tiko e vei mai Honolulu? Wn

Tu vaka-ta!,.aue.Tiko vai

IIb. T5 ail:1 tiko

E lako tE kl Loutek,,koya.

E na lak- tlko 1 i Lautolo koya.

Au na lake tale t5au.

Au na lake talcau.

Au na sclia tEl veinoqu waga.

Au na solla tikona n qu waqa.

Na cavananoa?

r

for the time be- rig)

See y iater)

herc don't go about.

A) Honolulu areyou in Honolu:u?actly) at win t pl ce?

Sta d u likeSal cI when all the wopicn in the

fo.mlly are Wit and the aenhave to e'abst!tui;O to do thedutie.

the base.

He went to Lautoka (but haon'treturned).

He will be oji tc Lautc

I'll be eoine along tooto accompany the groue withno assignment to do).

ko ga o I'll be going along (to helpwith the mission of the trip).

o rta I'll giVe you my b (tolook after).

iho I'll be giving you my boatlook after).

cakava t5 e

NO, Cava o a cakavae nanoa?

t did you do yesterday?Asked with doubt that he

was really doing anything.)What,were you doing yesterday?

(Definitely asking what hewas doing.)


Sa ua'a ua levu tiko. It is hirh tide.

The tido :ix rising.

15.

E sega ta vel au la t I don't have any money,iavosega tiko vc au na I don't have any meney at thelavo. moMent,

cava o vaha-1-0.5:a tia What are you staring at?egori.

Na dava o vaka-raica tiko What are you looking at?ogori.

a.

Cue

the pronoun as the bub-'--4--

,ntence,

Na >ne_oc1,6,, e e_tti mai NiuAladi e na vula 0 VU,

5

V140016,,O#

elcwo rua na gone olliF) F. lowe rua na Rene ND,a ti-1. mai Niu Siladi e na vulao Mu.-

e levo tini:na cone oci6 E aewe tini na gone oc15, era atia mai Niu Siladi e na vUlao M.

tolu na gone oyg E lewe tolu na cone oyit, eratoua tr.1 mai Niu Siladi e na vUlae Me.,

o iko vata k-1 au 0 kedaru, eda'ru a trt mai NiuSiladt o na vula o Me.o iko vata kei tacimu 0 kemudrau kei tacinin, edrau atla mai Niu Siladi e na vula

o Samu,o Me.

kel TImoci 0 ratop o Samu, o Jone ieio Juno

TImoei, eratou a tia mai NiUe na vula eME.

IITb.

Cue oentenoe

Au na lake tale tiko 'gn 0 au.kei Sala

kei iko

(:) iko

O'keirau kei Sala, e koirau nalake tale tiko ga.

O kedatou kei Sala, e datou nalako tale,tiko ga.

G kemudrau kei Sala, 4 )arau nalake tale tiko ga.


oi Me

vata kel au

ira na lewe

Cue

kaao

o au vai koyav,1

koyao kemudou vei koya

vata kei rau o Tomu koiSaimono --7 vei koya

o'Samu koi Timoci ---vei au

vata. kei Viliamo ---vei au

vataiko

i au - vei

cake an

Kauta sobu.mai ki wai.Kauta sobu mai e wai.Va-kau ta. sobu mai ki

waqa.Va-kauta sobu mai e waqa.Lako sobu mai ki baravl.Lako sobu mai e baravla

Kauta cake mai kl nauciwai.

Kauta cake'mai

Va-kauta cake ki waqa.Va-kauta cake e waga.Lako,cake mai ki Barav-Lake) cake mai e baravi.

V. Variable slot.

due

'awl 0tale

altou vataM,ere, e keal'a;

O Ira na lewetiko

15.

,i Mara, erau na

rau o Sala }co_lako tale tikoo, era no lako

o1X Pronouns.

Sentence

- na 20 t5 voi na waqa.

Au na solia t voi koya no noqu wa_a,na aolia t5 vei koya na nodaru

waqa.O dou n4 solia t vel koya na nomudou

waqa.solia t5 vci koya na nomunl

Erau na-solia tü vol au na nodrauwaqa o Samu kei

Eratou na aolia tU vei au na nodratouniu o TImcci keiwaqa o ratou ci

Viliame.E keitou (or, e. koi-alaJi) na solla tti

vei iko na noftcu ncimami)wan,

U.

U Ifl it down to the water.Bring It over by sea or by-boat.Send it down to the boati,.

Send it ovev by boat.Come down to the coast.Come down by the coast.

Bring it up to tao river.

Bring it up the river.

Send it up to the boat.Send it up .by boat.Come up to -Baa-avi .e nameY.Come up by coast.

Sente ce

Ni o lesu mai e na yakavi kautacake mai na noqu sote.-


_;a1OVU

ke

ni

lak

NI o lesu mai e na sigalovu kautaCake mTl. na noqu sute.

Ke o lesu 71M e na sinalevu .kauta

mai e na St j](-V1I kautasübu mal H2. noqu -

Ke o lesu mai e na sigalevu kautasobu mai no noqu i vavR.drau lcsu nni e na sigaievu_auta sobu nni na noqu ilrau lesu mai ,ni mataka kauta

sobu mai na noqu I vava.Ke drau lakn mai ni mataka kautasobu mai na noqu I vava.

VI. Re on aiU vanua.

a. wal

lako kl waj o kLako ki wai.,ako mai ki vai.1,ako e ala ni

vanua

He is out fIshing.Go into the water.Como into the water.Go by water or sea.

,o e wal. His villaze is by tl

_ I vanua o koya,vanua..

Lrir.:) mai ki vanuj .

He _s oe in]vnd.Go as re. Get out of the water.Come shore. Come ou of

the water.vanua Go by land.

His village i inland.koro e tiko e

Va iable slot.

Sentence,

E na rawarawa-kevaka'o dmuri e wai.

E na totolo kevaka o .drau mone wai.

E na totolo keiaka o .drau sokowai.

E na totolo kevaka oe wai.

E na totolo nI o dou soko eE na totolo nI o doU lako e wai.


vin kavanuakedrudrutaubale

15 .6

E na vinaka ni o dou lako e wal_E na vAnaka ni o dou lako e vanua.E na vinaka ke o dou lake e vanua.E na dr&drZ; ko o dou lako e vanua.E nadrd ke o dou taubale

vahua.

VIII. RepotitiOn. I mataal,

Dralva e na yasanamatau.

na yasana I matau?Na nona vale e tit() e nayasaha 1 matau.

Ni sa sivi na wavu olee na yasana I matau.

E mavoa vaka-cava naligamu I matau?-

,Drive an the rIght hand slde.

Where is the right handHis house is,on the rSghc.

When you pasS the br Gge turnto the right.

How was your rir,ht hand Ilurt?

Draiva e na yasana i mawi. Drive on the left handvei na yasana i. mawI? Where is the le _ hand

Na nona vale e_tiko e na. His h use is on the leyasana I mawi.

N1 sa silti na wavu golena I meld.

E mavoa vaka-cava naligamu I mawi?

IX. Va_ able slot.

Cue

donuya

kor

lako

mawi

yacova

drau

muri

_en you pass the bridge turn.to the left.

flow wa, your left hand hurt?

Sentence

Ni o sivla na wavu gole ki _a imatau.

NI 0 donuya na wavumatau.

gole ki na

Ni o donuya na koramatau.

gole ki na.

Ni 0 donuya na koromatau.

lako ki na

Ni donuya na koro lako ki na

N1 o yacova na koro lako ki na.mawr.

1 drau yacova na koro lako ki.mawr.

Ni drauyatova na koro lakona mawL.

Ji drau yacova na koro mur1 ena 1 mawI.


koso

VuPliku

E Rotuma e ko o e navualiku koi Vanua

,Levu.Mo rai ki na vualiku.E dau cagi katakata na

cagi vualiku.Datou waraka me lima na

vualiku tou gal lako.E gauna vinaka ni siwa ke

liwa na vuali

Xb.

0 Vanua Levu e koto e naceva kei Rotuma.

Mo rai ki naeova.E dau caf. ;i htabati na

.cagi liwa mai naceva.

Datou waraka me liwa namata ni cagi na cevatett qai lako.

E gauna vinaka ni siwake liwa na ceva

Xe.

E cabe na mata iii. sigamai na tokalau.

Era tukuha ha (lase nicagi'bUlabula na cagitokalau.

KI pa tokalau kei Vitikoto.kina na yanuyanuko Toga.

Waraka me liwa na cagitokalau tou qai soko.

newaqa medonuya na mata nicagi na tokalau.

157

dra_ yacova na uciwai. mu'le na I mawr.

Ni drau _soya na uciwal murie na I mawr.

(201:Et tolcnlau. and

Rotuma lies, to the nortY ofVanua Levu.

ook toward the north.The W,nd that blows from the

north is usually hot.Let's wait till the north wind-blows then we go.

It is a good time for fishingf the north wind b ows.

Vanua Levu lies to the -_uthRotuma.

Look toward t _ south.Thr, wind that blows from the

south is ,lly

Lot!s-wait ti 1 the wouth.bloWs then we go.

wind

is a ,?00j tIme for fishingif the south wind,blows.

The sun rIses from the ea

The old people say-that theeast wind is a healthy wind.

TO the east of,Fiji lies theA.sland of Tonr4a.

Wait till. the eatt wind tlows.then We sail,'

Steer the boat-towa d the easi


Xd.

dromu ra rnata ni 51f-ki na ra.

Er tukuna nalas0 nJ.cagi ni tauvi mate nacagl

Ki na ra kei Viti eciri koto kina na yanu-yanu ko Niu KaletCjnia.

Waraka me Jiwa na cagilako,.ra tou

Va-goleadonuyrJ.

qa memat a

XI. Variable sb

Cue

cake

cevava-goleabotoyaniyaka-dodonutaka

cazi 1 ra

sobu

vual

tiko

XII. Ques ons.

Question

Me'u kelea e vel na-waqa?

Me datou lako I vei?E tikoe vei na nona

koro?.0 lako i'vei oqo:Me'u muri e vei?

181_

Cue

The sun sets to the weSt.

The o- ',people r,ay

westerly wind br

To the west:of Fiji

heickness .

situatedthe island of New Caledonia.

Vait tillblows t

oteer the

once

wes,erlioswe go. ,

t toward -the w -t.

Sokotaka vakado -nu na waqa kina tokalau.

Sokotaka cake na ,flaqa ki natokalau.

Sokotaka 'cake na waqa ki na ceva.Va-golea cake na waqa ki na ceva.Va-goleacake r boto ki na ceva.Va-golea yani n1 boto ki.na ceva.Vaka-dodonutaka yani na boto kina ceva.

Vaka-,dodonutaka yani na botoki na_cagi I ra.

Vaka-dodonutaka sobu na boto kina cagi

Vaka-dodonutaka liobu na boto kina vualiku.

Vaka-dodonutaka tiko na boto kina vualiku.

e cake ekeya

sobue wai

vanuanamátaU

Kelea toka e cake e keyripa wa4a.

Datou iako sobU.E tiko 6 waiina. nona kora.'

Au lako 1 vanua.Murk e na I matau.


E tiko ,c vei na nonavale?

Na cap-,1 cava oeqZ"?

Mery vii-roleana wacla?

0Nadi?

Na ci cava e daucar,1 bathaLTL?

Me 'u J.ako i vei?Fe 'u biuta e veli?F. vel naMe u dabe e vni ?Na eal-cava.e llwa

tiko or46?

ha i mawl=

vu.,Liku

tokalDu

ra keiViti Levu

ceva

cakesoblicakeracac,1 1 ra

35.9

E tiko e na i niaw nanOna vale.

E liwa tiko oq6 na vuallku.

VEt-go3ca na aqa I natokalau.

0 Nadi 0 tiko. e na rakel "Viti .Levu.

Na ceva e clan caglbatabatTl.

Lalw coke mai.13:Luta sobu rwei.Na id c tiko c cLiko,babe cN a caoj I r c ii ia tiko

org(7:.


15.10

XIII. 7ala oa.

Na 1awa_me_baleta

Me yacova mai na yabaki 1961, e a Eega t 1.1 ni dau vakalaiseni na goll. E gat buli e dua na kona lama. Nalama ocii73 e a vaka-roti_kina na veitamata yadua ka vinakatame (lion me tiko vua e dua na kena 1asen E a tekivil va-kaukauwatak1 na'lawa °cf.:5 e na wai kei na baravi .ka tiketikiva na Yasana ko Rewa, Naitasirl, Namosi, S6rua kel nadua na tikl Tallevu kei Lomaiviti. Era a vaka-roti na dau(loll me ra vola na nodra I vola ni kerekere naTalai Volvuke ka garava-na iwasease ka ratou Will kinaha veiyasana sa cavuti oti tfa e cake. E na 1 vo1;,11 nikerekere yadua, me vaka-macalataki kina na wai se nabaravI ka vinakat1 me caka kina na qoli E a vaka-bIbitakltiko na vaka-laisenitaki.ni çoli ki vei Ira na dauvolitaki, ka na cala vaka-lawa kina na tamata e sega nivaka-muria.

and AnswerS

1. Na yabakI cava enI goli?

Na yabaki 1961.

va-ka %.3 wataki kiria na lama

2. Na cava na I na-i ni lama ocia?.Na I naki ni lama oq-a me ra vaka-1-- ni,kina n tamta

dau gen..

O ira na matagali taniata cava e vaka-blbitaki vei Ina lawa oc-07

E vaka-bititaki na 1awa oq-6 ki vei ira ka ra aau golime volItakl.

4 Cavuta e rua na yasana ka tekIvi kIna na va-kaukauwatakini lawa ni goli.

Na Yasana ko Rewa kei Naitasiri.

5 Na eava'e na yaco vua na tamata e sega -11. vaka-muriana lawa

Na tamata e -ega ni vaka-muria na lawa ego Sa na calaVaka-lawa.


IX . Vocabular,,

cab

cagi.

dromu

golekozio

1 alu

lawa10;V-3

1 wa

mat au ,inawl , ,

nakiTalal licivukevaka-bTtakavak dod or; ut akav ak a- d u. a =

vaka- law avaka-ma cal at ak avaka-rotiyak a-t aganevii-k,aukauwa akavoi lakoy akiveinakiveitamat

y aval a

Place Names

N ai t rts rNamosiNiuHaRotumaSarua.Taile vu

5 . 11

go up a ste..7T place, go ashorefrom fidling or bathing

wind air, atmospherena ca,ri .ra the west wind,

_ -;ye t

sink under w ate r or below thehorizon, set (of the sun ormoon)

turn the head ; trans gelevago through , cross , intersect ,

tranS , ko3oVa11 ce e (1-1:ng1 ya!,ca: lais en).

T 11 cense d t o ; v a;Ta- lais eni_t akacaus

fis hi nr: net(1) nurveral particle , preceding

tbers indicating people ;lewe ono 1 six people

lewe n kora_ villager!zblow, of th I nil -Er an s liwava

'blow on or aEai ns t 'right sidele "t. sidepuerOso , IntentionCouzfq. Ono rerr)!reon (-.1

jflexpued ire3tructeda rnin be 1 ot ir lip a male _

strengthen , forcemo about freelymutually wr,rce to -doas in velt amat a --adua and_e very personactive Indus trious


-1 IA14

(Ru

ka tni

Dialogue. (rui)

Na cava O.s5 ru 1dedE kiha?

D: E d rui levu dihana noqu osooso.

A: Sa gat yui levu-tiko gR na nomuosoo-o e na gauna:'oq5.

Keitou s 7 rui lewelailai_ka lailaitale gR na gauname-keitou cakavakina na-neitou.cakacaka:

II. Repetition.

E keitou a sega ni_yaco-mai e nanoa ni. sd ruibalavu na gaunisala.

E sR rui dau draiva..vaka-totolo o koya.

E sa rui -qai qase 85ci koya.

O. sd mani rui dau gunuvaka-levu o iko.

Mo kdkuw ni yui lakided5 mai keya._

_E BR rui batabatd dmaTla draki.

Note

ono=ni = lEsoni

Why. are -you so la

16.1

was really very :busy.

You're'gett ng mire and mobusy thee days.

There are not many cif us, andwe have very lit le time todo our work.

We didn't arrive yesterdaybecause the road Is verylong.

He usually/always-drives fa..

He is noq much older.

After all, you're reallydrinking too much:

You mustn't be there too,long.

The weather is really,verycold.

1. Note thatif rul is considered a modifier, itSposition with' respect to the .base. I rljffcrcnt _from mostother modifiers. Rui precedes rather than I ollows the base.

1 60


16.2

III. Substitution.

a.

Cue Se nce

:si rui via mace vaka-levu.

o q Au sg rui oca vaka-levu.1-4na Au sE rui kana vaka-levu.o -0 sE rui kaha vaka-levu.

.vaka-lailai 0 sE rui kana vaka-lailai.solia 0 sg rui solia vaka-lailai.o drau 0 drau sE,rui,solia vakb.-lailai.vaka-tUt iu 0 drau skrul solia vake-totolo.taura 0 drau sE-rui taura vaka-totolo.were 0 drau, ,.arui Were vakatotolo.

Cue Sentencp

E dodor.0 mc datou vaka7ce7u madani pE rtirkatakata

vinaka E vinaka me _datou vakacegU'mada ni sE rui katakata na siga,

wawU E vinaka me jlatou wSo5 mada nisa rui katakata na siga.

butc'butô na boi E vinaka me datou wgwg mada nis5 rui butobutö na bogi.

moce 'E vinaka me*datou moce mada nis5 rui butobOt6 ha bogi.

e E vinaka me datou moce 6 ke7 nirui butobutö na

o drau F vinaka mo drau moce e ke7 nirui butobut6 na bogi .

au nanuma Au nanuma mo drau Moce e kVnis5 rul butobuto na bogi._

totolo na kal-obo Au nanuma po drau Moce e kU nis5 ruitotoio na*karobo.

lako Au nanuma mo drau s5 lakg.ni5 rui totolo na karobo.

rd, nce

Sa rui lavu sara g5 na nonaos o.


dina-,

kerekere

nodratou

wale g-

vosa

udrau

.71

ulu bale

nom

hild.

Cue

16.3

S5 rui levu dina nonaosooso.

SA rui levu df_na ccã na nonakerekere.

S5 rui levu ddna ga na odratoukerekere.

S5 rui levu wale gE na nodratoukerekerd-.

S5 rui levu 111e ra na nodratouvosa.rui 1--u wale gd na nodratouvosa.rui levu wale gE na nomudrauvosa.rui levu nomvosa.

E rul levu tiko ga, na nomudrau'uluba]e.

E rui levu tiko gA na.ulubale.

Sentence

-E sa rui Lawa sar_pJL.5_ na nonakoro.

ale E s rui yaw, sara g5 na nonavale.

vinaka E s5 rui vinaka sara g nanona vale.

-nomu E sE rui vinnomu vale.

dina E s5 rui vinaka dina na nomuvale.

mot ka E 05 rui vinaka dinamotok5.

totolo E s rui totolo dina na nomumotok6.

sara E 55 rui totol_ sara na nonumotok5.

'clef S si rui totolo sara na nelci.

berabera E sa rut berabera sara nanomu eiet.

waqa E sA rui berabera sara nanomu maga.

1


IV. Expansi6n.

a.

Cue

val7a-levurui-sara

1Vb.

Cue

ruis5,dina

bau

Cue

Sentence

S.1 oca o koya.

oca vaka-levu o koya.Si-1; rui oca vaka-lovu o koya.

E . rul oca sra vaka-levu o

koya.rui och sara 5 vaka-levu

o koya.

Sentencc,

ea3avu na raunjsala.

F rui ly-Aavu na fr,aunlsala.

E sUrui balavu na'ff,aunlsa)a.

E s5 rui dina narauni5ala:

rui bau halavu dina na

SeqC,crwe

E tau rlf-J uca.

vako-levu. E Lau vaka-levu nq uca.

rui E roi tau vaha-levu na uca.

dau E PUJ dau tau vaka-levu nauca.

55 F 55 rui dau tau vaka-levuna uea.

mant E man_: rui qau tau vaka-levu na ue,a.

17,u,

E 55 manl i dau Lau vaka-levu ri na uca.


Vaz a le Idot

Cue

da

vla

cagi

dina

VI. Questions and answer

E osooso o koya?E 5a 0500510 c koya?E dau gunu vaka-levu?

0 via gunu vaka-levu?0 via lake ki Suva?0 sa

0 drau mani beratawaqa?

C dou na la'ki ded&?E hau totolo na waqa oqSa baci eudru o koya?

VII. Dialocue.

E vaka-evc na decll;

n1 cici ni hasimai _31,1va ki

Nausorl?

1 Yi adli cyc

16

Me datou cegu mada ni sd ruilevu sara Fa na uca.

datou cogu riada n1 :=55

mani rui ievu na uca.Me datou wawa mada ni sa mani

rui levu na uca.Me datou wawa mada nidau levu na uca.

Me datou wawa mada n1 S5rui levu na uca.

Me da wawa mada ni sa gai rullevu.na. uca.

Me da wawa mada ni sd rui vialevu na uca.

Me da wawN mada ni sa rui vialevu na cagi.

Me da wawa mada ri rui _leVudina na cagi.

spo d with rui.

Io, 1 osooso.o kova.Io('e an rui. osooso o koya,Io, e sa rui dau gunu vaka-

levu 0 koyio, nu rulyia g_Io, au rui via ltk- ki Suva.Io, au sa gal rui mamau vaka-

levu.Ia kelrau si maul rui berata

na waqa.,1o, keitou na rul la'ki dedF:.Io, s5 rui totolo dina.Io, e rul haci cudru vaka-

levu o Roya.

vaka-levu.

flow lcng does it, take a buf;

to n £roii Suva to pausori

v occurs

16 ,


:

2auta e yto1usaoavulu na nzsminiti.

E yavica na 1 vodvodo?

tat,

sisivea na 3 lini

VIII. Repet1ton.

E yalima navesu dalo.

F dua na vesu dalo etikb kina e tauyHvituna dalo.

E yalima sacavulu nae tikp e na dua naloma n1 hal'.

E na veilema.ni bai yaduaoq6 e-tiko kina etauyalima saa'ulu naose.

Mo vaka-tawana e tIni ricN,na benisini e

na veiyadua na drau'namane.

E na yelya.dua na drau namane, mo vaka-tawanayatini na qaloni.

E dua na,tamata,e ta kenae yatini ka lima nani hiu.

Na veitamata yadua- etaukena e tauyEtinilima na vii ni niu.

Cue

na niuha Kone 1;-,1 MC

6 6

It takes about lAirty minues,a trip.

How much is the. fare?

It cost!:,

pence.

It is five .11

bundle of taro.In each bun le ofare seven taro.

Thorea

d- ix

or a

are fifty horses inii.

In each of these pens thereare fIfty horses.

Put in ten gallons of gaseve y hundr 1 miles.

At eyery hundredn ten gallons

One person own- t' conut trees.

Each and every persofifteen-coconut trees.

en te n_ce

Kauta mai o

icauta mai e yliniat'I pcnie yEdua me kyalima na niu.

17 )

put

na niu.Ita mai e


tau-

ve'

e tiko e k.3

ni mataka

Cue

e na dua na motok;i

kina

e dodonu

ta

vei-

-na conrnon art _le)

na (fu ure terie

-able slot.

Cue

ma

I 7

16.7

,

Na gone yadua me na kauta maie yRjima na niu.

Na gone yFAua me na kauta maie tauyaIinla na niu,

Na velgone y5dua me na -kautamai e,tauy5.1ima na niu.

Na veigone yEdua e tikome na ka ta mai e tauyalina .

na niuNa volgone-yKdua tiko e k(7.

mena ka ta mai:e tnuylimana niu ni mataka.

oentence

Me vodo e llrna la tatrata .

Me vodo e lima na tamata e nadua na

No vodo e yalima na tamata ena dpa na motok5.

E nd dua-na metokR me vodo kijao yR]ima na tamata.na.dua-na.motokR e dodonu-6 Vodo kina e y11ma natamata.

-E na dua na e dodonume vodo kina e tauydlimana tamata.na motOhR y5 ua e dodonu mevodo kina e tauy1 lma natamat"

E na WimotaR yRdua e dodonu'me vodo 1la e tauyalima natamata.

E na veiyotokR yildua dodonume na Vodo kina e tauyaliirtana tamata.

lonse

vei i -1 hai yEidua.orlo etiko kir i c ydtplu_vdEavuluna

Na ve13-1 n1 bal y5dua cqc3 (

tiko aliza na lum;, au.

T'.


tama

mo to kh

vodo

waqa

ose

tlnl ka lima

taucok0

XI. Question and Answer.

Question

yavica na taMatae rawa ni vodo e na

-dua na waqa?E,yavica na I VocJo=vodoni basi kiSuva?

E yavica na i sauni dale- ocio?

E yaVica na rumu etiko e na dua na

taba vale?E na_velyavica namaile me dau lau-rai kina na motoka?

E yaVica na tamata-rawa ni lake e na.dua na,matalako1ako?

Era yabaki yhvica nagone vull era vulitiko

E na g una cava meudau raId i vuniwaikina?

E vaka-cava na vei-yawaki ni duru meu-kelia?

Cue

16.8

Na veiloma nil bai yhdua otiko ini e yhlima na tamata.

Na VeiMo yhdua 0(13 e tikokina e yal ma na tamata.

Na veimotok5 yadua 0q5'e vodokina e yalima na tamata."

Na veiwaqa_yEdua oqa e vodokina e_yalima na tamata.

Na veiwaqa_yhdua-oq6 e vodokina e yhlima na o

Na velwacia_yadua ocioe vodokinit e yatini ha lima na ose.

Na velaaqa taucoko oqo e vodokina e yhtini ka lima na ose.

Answer

10 E iliril na tamata erawa ni,vodo e pa duana waqa-

8/- E yawalu na silinl na,Vodovodo ni basi ki'Suva.

4/- dua Na I sau ni dalo 0q6na I eauyhva nq silIni dua'vesu ..a J. 'vesu.

20 E yirua sagavulu na rumue tiko e na dua nataba vale.

500 Me dau laura! na motoka,e na velydli- a na drauna mAile.

35 E yhtolu sagavulu ka limana tamata e rawa ni lakoe na dua na mata i lako-lako.

kl Na gone Null era yuli tikona 15 c ke era tiko e na loma

ni yabaki tini ka toluki na yabaki tini ka_ima.

veiya- Mo dau ralci vuniwaitolu na ve1y5to1u na vula.vula

T,Ayrivh Mo kelia e dua na dupa i na vely5v5 na I yayate


XII. Dialogue. (kel

A: E vaka-. .c. me datlako kei Salmon-

E au 5 liu keiJone e nanoa.

A: f cei g5 e'datoulako vata?

-t olng wit

ley had gone. wiyesterday.

.

a Then who al.-

Eda na iako kei_

D.O. vata kei iran4 lewe ni koro.

XI:I. Repeti ion

Keirau 5. losu mai NiuSiladi.kei Samu.1

-Keitou na tiko mai kerikei na D.O. ni mataka.

KeimaMi.na lakp ki Suvakei ira na lewe ri koro.

E drau na vaka-tawa tikoe vale kei tacimu.

E dou s5 sureti kei Sala.

E dodcnu mo ni lako aIkei ira na watimuni.

Erau a laga sere kei JorEratou na sega ni lako

Mai- kei tamadratou.Era .i seta kel na meca e

na mataka lailai.

we

h Jo rn

n ?

oing with?

We'll go with the D.O. andthe villagers.

Sam and I returned from.New Zealand.

We'll be there with the_D.O. tomorrow.

We'll go to Suva ith thevillagers.

You'll stay at h6M6 -ithyour brother.

YoOre-invited with 'lla/Youand Sala are invi

You should cOme with yourwives..

e They sang vath John.They won't come with their

father. _

They met with the enemies Inthe Morning.

1. -The English form 'Sam. and I' can be transiat_dinte Fijian as keirau 'we two exclusivehe and I')kei Sam. 'and Sam'. Kel Samu works as a kind of apposi NO,

the other person referred to by the pronoun.

173


XIV. Expansion dri 1.

a.

Cue

mo drau tiko e kEkel Saimone

llma na kaleke

me cia

kel na D.O.

XIVb.

Cue

kei -drika .

memaikeiteu na

siwakei Samu

ni mataka

veivesaYi

lake ki

XV. Variable slot.

Cue

lako Ri

16.10

Sentence

Au vinakatc

Au vinakata To dra tIico eAu vinakata me drau tlke .6 kb-

xei Saimone.Au yinakata me drau tike e kE

kei Saimene e na lima nakaleko.

Au vinakata me drau tike ekei Saimone e na lima na-kalcko me dateu mai veiVezaki.

Au vlhakatamo drau tiko e kekei-Saimene e na lima nakaleke me datou mai veivesakikei na D.O.

Sentence

Keirau na lesu.

Kelrau na le u kei M5rika.Me keirau na lesu kei Marika.Me keirau na lesu mai kei M5rika.Me keirau na lesu mai kei M5rika

keltou na gal lake ki siwa.Me keirau na lesu mai kei Mtarika

keiteu na gal lake ki siwakei Samu.

Me keirau na lesu mai kei Mdrikakeiteu na gal lako lçi siwaket Samu ni mdtaka.

Resbense

0 keii.au kei Pita, keirau natilvfria-1- Nadi ni mataca.

0 keirau kei Pita, keirau nalake ki Nadi ni !nataka .


_ keitou .

o Ike

o rau na luvemu

iko,

o ke u_ au

XVI

Ques

U.

O keitou kel Pita iteu. nalako ki Nadi ni aka-

() iko kel Pita,'dr na lakeki Nadi ni mataka,

O rau ma luvemu kei Pita, ratouna lako ki ki Nadi ni mAtaka.

O iko, a Jeno kei Pita, douna lako .ki Madl ni matakA.

O kemudrau kei Pita, drau nak ki Nadi ni mat_

Ion and answer.

Cue

MaeiuO cei draU a :

sulfa?.c.) eel dou

saki?O eei.deu na

ni mata'__1O cei drau ria lesu

vata mal?O cei drau teana

voiniu ocio?E H siwa vaa kei

eel o TImoei e nabogi?

O eel. dou -a vaka-yakavi vata?

XVII.

tUraga nikoro

timi nis5tia_

S,Amu

luveclu

keimami'

An5wer

Ke-lrau lake k_kei Maciu..

Keiteu a veivosakitEraga ni Rove.

Keitou na voicage keinatimi ni stia.

Kelrau na lesu'vatamal,kei Samu.

Keirau a tea na voluioq kei luvoqu

K imami a siwa vata keiTImeci e r bogi.

Keiteu (or keimami) avaka-yakavi vataira na gone.

Na aqavuka

rui uat vI n vuka e na waqavukE 1 kevaka e da vialake vaka-totole,. me vaka na lake mai Suva kl Nadi. nirauta wale ga e yavli sagavulu na miniti na dedZ-1 ni vuka.

0..sb na tamata C na rui taleitaka vaks-lovu natotolo koi na kena ruil t;aslvi na vuka c na waciavuka, kaTa na bo1ea kina na tauyavii_na pTionl.ka tinl na silinina ker I vedovode. Ia, ociT)-c na rairal via sau levutoka kevaka c dua e lake tiko kei na noun matavUvalevaka-bibi na veimauavDvale e tau./511ma scyene na lewena.

7 5


16.12

Question and answer._

1. Na cava e rul utvi a vuka? .

E' rUt uasivi na vuka ke da via lako vaktoto1o.

2. E vica na ded5 ni vuka mai Suva ki Nadi?E rauta e yava sagayulu na Miniti n ded5 ni Nuk a

mai Su ki Nadi.

Na c via dredre kina ni vuka e dua na matavivtlea rauta e lima se ono na lewena?

E na via drEdr5 ni vuka e dua na mataVilvale ka rautae lima se ono na lewena ni na rairai sau levu veiira e so.

4. E vica_ na,i vodovodo ni vuka mai 'Suva ki aeiE tauyava na paoni ka tini na silini rid I vodovodo .

ni vuka mai Suva ki Nadi.

XVIII. Vocabulary.

bacibenisinibole-abutobutOdurukarobo

keli-alauraimani

matav valeminitocaosen7Jon_qAloriis ala waqa

'eti -taba vale,tAlei-taka

tauke-tauyT ua-uas 1%,1.

ulubalevaka-bT.W:=vaka-tawanaveiccage

again, as a re ulgasoline (Eng? . 'benzinbole 'undertake' ; trans. boleadarkness, :darka post,- of a house or fencedusk, twilight, evening when just'dark

keli 'dig a hole''. -= ans. a

1/17Ibleadv. preced hg verbs, indicatingthe final one of series of acts;'then, finally, after all'

family groupminute (En0..)tired, wearyhorse (Engl.)pound (Engl.)gallon. (Engl.).traveling by airplaneinvited.tory or wing of a buildingt_a14 'wonderfully, admirable ''trans. taleitaka 'admire, value'

tauke 'to' PeaseSsi trana taukenap-fiTETng one f or eachexcelexcuse, pretext' find an excusehe avi ly

fill up, loadfoot ball


veiya akiya

y ate

16 .

distancedistribu ive prefix to numera_

Also, expressing the .numberof tirn a thing is done.

yard (En


FIjIAN

A i ka tinI ka vitu ni iEsoni

Dialogue.

A: Mo vaka-tna berasitoa.

A:

tolo de_9ki .na

.

vie&na sitoal

na so-nadau sogo ni sa beraTia ciwa.

: E vica na kalokooga?

oti na veimam niwalu

Au sega ni kilA me'ulako ocia_.se melugai'laká e namataka ni mataka.

A: Na nomu lako selsega e,vaka-tauvei au.

Sobo!,. de'u sabera.

A: 0 sh sega ni ben.,vaka-totolo!

NOTES

-17.1'

Hurry up'or you'll be lateto the store.

nine.

What time is It now?

It's .after eight thirty.

I don't know whether \

should gollow or ifshould 0-tomorrowmorning.

Whether you go or nup to me.

Oh, come on, I maylate already.

You're not late yet, hurryup!

1. Between bases, se can be teansiated as 'or'When it introduces a'whether'. For example,

E sega ni kilh se vinaka se eg. 'He didn't know_

whether it was good or not.'1

De means 'lest, so as not to'._2. As do some other particle's,

form contractions.

subordinate phrase, it means'

178se and de wtth au


11.2

TT, Repetn Jil. (se)

Au sega ni kila se'u na lake se sega.Au sega ni kilE sett) na lesu.mai nikua se ni. mata a.E sega ni macala.se'u biuta'e voi na noqu kE sega ni macala se lako mai vei o koya.O kill se sd yaco mai na, waqa?.0 kilã se na tau na uca nikuaO kin se i vvi nd cel oq5?E sega ni macala se me'u lako oq5 se me'u qal lako_vaka-mElua.

E sega ni macala mo lako se kua.E sega ri macala se me'u biuta o vei.

III. Substitution.

a.

Cue Sentence

Au sega ni kilE se sE sukana bose se saga.

lako mai vei o koya Au saga ni kin se lako inaivei 0 koya.

ratou.sE lesu mai se sega . .

me'u kauta e vica na niuau a biuta e vei na noqu kina cava na vu ni nona.lakosE.rauta oq5 se s5 talesa vica na nona yabakisE bula tiko se sE matesE dodonu.vei ikocava na nomu nanuma

Cue Sentence

E sega ni macala sevica na luvena.

se mataciali ika cava oq5 E -sega ni macala se mataqalilka cava oq5.

0me'u tarogi koya se kuae gone ni Viti se vulagise me'u cakava vaka-cavase cava na kena I ba1ebaleme'u na tukuna vaka-cava

vuR


se mo Crau lahuse kua

se sH vo na kakanasT1 otila lako tale g5o koya se sega

se na vaka-cava na draki-1 rriataka

Expans lo

1.7

Cue 'ence

saga ni.se sa7 lesu maio Samu

se sega

mai Vun

e na mat

IVb.

Cue

Au kin%

Au sega ni k1i.Au sega ni kill se sR lesuAu sega ni kin- se sS lesu mai

o Samu.Au sega ni kilN se sS lesu mai

o Samu ,se sega.Au sega ni k115 se s N lesu maiVunidawa o Samu se sega.

Au sega ni kiln se sR lesu mai,Vunidawa e na olataka oc16 .oSamu se sega.

en tence

Taroga vua.

se _aici Jone Taroga vuA se raici Jone.Taroga vuA se A raici Jone.

mai-Lautoka Taroga_vu5 se 5 raici Jonemai Lautoka.

e nanoa Taroga vuR se raici Jonemai Lautoka e nanoa.


Va0ab1 e sTQL,

Cue

rateu

lake

Maeala

sega

yani,

e nInoa

- VI. R-pe ition drill, (de)

onse

17.1:

-Au na lesumai nlkua séni mataka.

Au sega,ni kild so ratou naiesu mai nikua se ni mataka,

Au sega niAila se ratou nalake mai nikua se ni mataka.

E sega nc kllã se ratou nalake mai nikua se ni mataka.

E sega ni macala se rateu nalake mai nikua se ni mataka

E sega ni macala se rateu nalake mai nikua se sega.

E sega ni macala se rateu nalake yani nikua se saga._

E sega ni macala se rateu Elake yani nikua se saga.

E sega ni maeala se rateu Rlake yanl e nanoa se.- -ga.

Mo vaka-Lotolo de o bera ki na siMe dou SN lake de e deu begi kose.Tukbna vud de sa saga ni rogoca.

-Vaka-raica mada a ike de rawa ni o kunea.Me vol.ia mai na suka de oti eq6.Mo tika gR 6 kd de o gal suasua.Me darU lake gd nikua de gal draki ed ni mataka.Me tarogi koya tale de gal guileeava.Kakua ni-lako de e na oca wale gd.Kua ni draiva vaka-to,olo de o na gal coqa.

M. SubstitutIon.

Cue

tau na ucana gai draki cd ni mataka,sd waraki ike tiko mai e

koya.bera na I katalauratou oca e-na wdwdvinakatapo-draU ha-lakovata

Sentence

Vaka-tetele de oberatanabasi.

Vaka-tetelo de tau ha uca.


daru berata na wagavuk,1au qai boc,I kosorau si vaka-rau lakeo drau biu t5 mal

VIE

pans on.

Cue oun

Vaka-toto

17.5

mo lake Vaka-totole me Take.na Vaka-totclo me na lake.drau Vaka-totolo me drau na lakede Vaka-tatolo de mo drau na

lake.vata Vaka-totolo de mo drau na

lake vata.vinak ta Vaka-totelo de 'vinakata mo

drau na lake vata.

ViIib.

Cue Sntenee

darunikuade drakl cani mataka

Lako.

Daru lake.Daru lake nikua.Daru lake nikua do draki ea.Daru lake nikua,de draki ea

ni mataka.ga Daru lako gE nikua de draM

cR ni mataka.qal Daru-lako gR nikua de gai

draki cR ni mataka.

IX. Variable slot.

Cue Resporse

Mo kakua ni lako de o na oca_7WaTE=AA.

caltava Mo, kRkua ni cakava de o na'oca wale gi.

au Me'u kalcua ni cakava dc'u na

182 oca wale a.


be:

gai

drau

cudr U vi

kauta

kua

Talanoa.

17.6

k;6kua nibera vwle g.

Melu kkua ni cakava de'u naqai

Mo drau-kdkua ni cakava de odrau na qai here,.

Mo drau k5kua ni cakava de odrau r qai cudruvl.

Mo drau kdkua ni kauta de odrau na qai cudruvi..

Mo drau kua ni kauta de odrau na qai cudruvi,

na gall vaka--lavo ki Peritanla se ki

E.dua na I vola e a vol5 ko Mr. R. W. R. ka tabakie naniusiveva oq6 e daidai. E a void o koya_ni vaka edaveidretaki tiko o na dua na gauna lekaleka oci5, se me ,daqali kJ Perit5nia se ki Esia. 0(15 e baleta na veika ninoda bula vaka-i-lavo. S5 dodonu me da mamN vakavinakaka tiloma vaka-mN1ua,na lewe ni I vOla oqö.

-Na k5 me qarauni matua do Mani yaco na nodrau vei-dretaki keda na qarikau e rua 0q5--vaka-i-1avo, sega nivaka-rago,--Ts da kx,bL=su kina. Id ke da SU: kabasu e navuku ni ka vaka-vuna me rau dui gole karogota yarli na Neikri.erau lukuta rawa mai na dui taba n:bisinisi crau taukena tO, eda,s5. na qal biu ta e na ligalala kei na dravudravua.

Adapted f om the editorialVOLAGAUNA VG 422:13 1/61

Quee ions and answers

1. Na cava e a cakava ko Mr. R. W. R.?E d vol5 o Mr.,R. W. R. e dua na I vola.

2. 0 cei o rau na ciarikau e tukunitiko e na I vola oq5?Na qarikau e rua e tukuni tiko e na I vola oq5, oya

o rau ko PeritRnia kei- Esia.

Na niusiveva eava e a tabaki kina nd I vola neiMr. R. W. R.?

Na I voIa net Mr. R. W. R. e a tabaki,e na Volagauna.

4. E na I ka vica ni siga e a tabaki kina na hiusivevdoq5?

Na niusiveva oq5 e A tabaki e.na 1 kd tlni ka toluni Janueri a961. 1 K3


17.7

Na rnataqali veidre -ava e vakamaoalataki tiko evola mg)?

Na veidre e-baleta na yolks ni nods bula vaka-ilavo.

XI. Vocabulary.

bisnisjbogi koso

coqadedravudravua

..busine,, Engl.)last till night and then not befinished; overtaken by night,as on a journey

run into, go against; trans. cpqa'lest, so as not topoor, pover

Esia Asiaguilecava forget; -u -,ulleca aid of one

who easily forgets'kaba-u pasSive form from basuka; broken,

smashedlala emptyluku-ta iuku 'hold several things in the

hand at once'; trans. lukutamardi chew; mama vinaka na keMUIP-gew

newspaper (Engl.)Britaintwist together, roll together,annexed-

shovld be considered, should bepaid attention to

supermanroqp 'carry, in the arms, claspin the arms'; trans. roqota

interjection of surprisetaba 'press, print'; trans. tab a;pass. tabaki 'printed'

tilo-ma tilo IswalloW; trans tilomavaka-i-Lavo financially; bula_veke.47lavo

'economiebodily, physicallypull one'against enother, have

a tug of war, disagree, fight-over something; veidretaki'disputed, conteEYFEIT------

veika things' e lako vinaka na_veikakeep_ ere-going Well'

Volagauna the name of a Fijian newspapervuku sake-1 pause; (not used'aione)

niusivevaPeritaniaqali

qarauni

qarikaurogo-ta

sobotaba- a

vaka-yagoveidre

1 4


FIJIAN

A I ka t1hi ka Wahl ni leooni

(Vaka- - base, wit_ or ith,..)ut suffixes)

I. Dialogue.

Yalo vinaka, vaka- Please) have myr breakfastrautaka ma a na ready.clau i katalau.

B:

1

cava o sH vaka- What are you in a hu ry for?

A: Au via lako madaki Suva.

I'd like to go to Suva.

Vaka-cava, o sE na Say, won't you be going nextsega ni la_o e week?na macawa mal c13?

A: It:), e na vaka-bera No, it will only cause 'unneces-wale ga Vaka-ievu sary delay in my woek.na'noqu cakacaka.

Wawa, me' u va-kata- Wait, let me warm up your food.katataka madi, rakemu.

Kusa, me'u bauvodo e na ba-ciwa.

a'ki Hurry, so I can catch the nineni o'clock bus.

A 'complete descript_on of the uses of vaka- would belon er than the lesson itself. However, the dialogue il-lUs_rates some of the more col. aon uses. One the caUsative,

,is shown by the following pairs:

rai 'see'EFia 'latemate 'die'

vaka-rai2taka 'reveal (cause to be seenvaka-bera 7Taelay (cause to be late)'vaka-mate-a. 'kill (cause to die)'

Vaka-levu shows another use, allowing a base to modify thenucleus of a verb phrase.

The expansion drills illustrate\that Paradigms of sorts-can be made for some bases, showing de'riVed forms-with rerlated meanings. But the paradigms for b,al bases are notalike, and generally, the derived forms 6hould be learnedwith the bases.

1 ç 7-;


II. Repeti ion.

18 . 2

Vaka-totolo do o vaka--born na nodatou lako.Vaka-stnait a mada na dramu _qKua ni vaka-otia, au viaakata c eb.0 vaka-dinata na kd a tukuna?Kua ni vaka-rerea do base ni lake.Qarauna me kua ni vaka-yalia.Na cava o vaka7daroya kina naYalo vinaka, vd-gunuva mada na noqu oseYalo vinaka, vd-kania mada na gone oq5.Td-molca mai 1c i3 na nomu wa

IIb.

Vaka-raitaka mada vei au na nona vale.Na eava o s5 vaka-totolotaka?Vaka-dodonutaka mada na noqu kaloko.Drau wiwi me'u vaka-mamaeataka mada na noqu I sul-Cl_vaka-uouataka Naka-eava na nomu I lu?VE-katakatataka na wai.Va-gaunataka na nona Rana.Vaka.-levutaka na gauna ni eegu.Kua ni vaka-lolomataka na_kolrNa eava o vaka-rarawataka kina na gone oqb?

III. .1 sti ut on.

o vaka-sInalta na nogubib°

o vaka7yadrati koyao drau gal vaka-otia oci5o dou vaka-savasavatakana vale

o ni gal vaka mRrautakikoya tiko

o vaka-eeguya mada natUraga ociö

keirau gal vaka-raieani mat aka

o tukuna vuE. mekatakatataka

va-

Sentence

Yalo vinaka, e rawa ni- ovaka7raitaka: vel_au?

Yalo vinaka, e rawa, ni- o vaka-.sInait'a na noqu bilo?


o vaka-_ agara na dalo ociUo va-gu- uva na OBC

ITIb.

Cue

va-katakatataka ni bolani o_kania

ni bora ni owere

vaka-raica vaka-vinakavaka-mamacataka na nomu

sulu'garauna mo kua ni vaka-mavoataka

vaka-rorogotaka na nonavosa

vaRa-levut ka na kenawaseWase_

vaka-sagara e tubavaka-otia sara na no u

eakaeakakua ni vakama_ea

IV, Varia l- slot.

a.

Cue

nodrau

vaka-lailaitaka

I tavi

vaka-maealataka

au vinakata

neitou_

vaka-raitaka

18-

18.3

Senter

E dodonu mo vaka-batabatmtakani bera ni

_

E dodonu mo va-katakatataka nibera ni o kania.

Response-

E dodonu mo vaka7levutaka nakena waseWaael.

E dodonu mo vaka-levutaka nanodrau'l wasewase.

E dodonu mo vaka-lailaitaka .nanpdrau I wasewaie.

E dodohu mO vaka-lallaitaka na-nodrau I tavi.

E dodonu mo vaka-maoalataka na.nodrau I tavi.

Au vinakata rn vaka-macalataka.na nodrau

Au vinakata mo vaka-maealatakana neitou I tavi.

Au vinakata mo vaka-raitakana.neitou i


kerek

Cue

na ose

nikua

ira na manumanu

val

na waqa

va-ke1ea

dedE

Au vinak t- mo vaka-rai aka naneitou kerelere.

1±L81-121.2-L5e

E rawa ni o gal v5.-kania tikona luvegu ke'u bera mai e nayakavi?

E rawa ni o gal vR7.kania tikona ose kesu bera mai .e nayakavi?

E rawa ni 0 gal va-gunuva tikond ose ke'u bera mai e nayakaVi?rawa ni 0 gai vd-gunuva,tikona ose keiu bera mai nikua?

E rawa ni o gal vd-cl:unuvl irati_ko na manumanu ke'u beramai nikua?

E rawa ni o gal va d-raica iratiko na manumanu ke'u beramal nikua?

E rawa ni 0 gai vaka-raicatiko na waga ketu bera mainikua?

E rawa nl o gal va-keiea tikona waga ke'u bera mai nikua?

E rawa,ni 0 qai vR-kelea tikona waga ke'u dede-mai nikua?

V. Transformation: Make causa ives from the followIng.

Cue

E a mavoa o koya.E suasua na i sulu.E marau dina o koya.E rarawa vaka-levu o_koya.

Sa mamaca na nomu

E dodonu,o koya.SR cakacaka o Pita.S. batabatR na bia.-E katakata na kakana.

Sentence

O eel e_R vaka-mavoataka?O cei evaka-suwlaataka?O cel e vaka-marautaka?O 'cei e vaka-rarawataka?

O cei sa vaka-mamacataka?

138

e. a vaka-dodonutaka?sa vaka-cakacakataka?6a: vaka-batabatataka?sR va-katakatataka?


E kadresu na nom:Au sT1 raica.E vaka-Tolom- dina

Vb.

uue

SOLQ.

E n suasua o koya.E a marau vaka-levu o,

koya.E mavoa o koya.E gadE ki Suva o wya.E maten-1 vaka-levu o kE a_kidacala o'kova.E sa rui rarawa o koya.E madua vaka-levu o kova.E a cakaeaka o koya.E 6,5 mamaca o koya.

VI. Expan

a.

Cue

na gonetikovaka-eralalai

-taka

na nodra I sulu

VIb

Cue

na vale0e rawa ni

O cel e vd-kadrosuLaka?O cei ,s11 vaka-raitaka?O cei e vaka-lolomataka?

Sentence

0 cei e i vaka-suasuataki.kova?0 col e a vaka-marautaki koya?

0 eel e vaka-Tmavoatakilcoya?0 cci e va-gadetaki koya?0 cei e vaka-matenitaki koya?0 eel e, 5 va-kidaealataki kova?0 cei e vaka-rarawataki koya?0 cei e Naka-maduataki koya?0 eei o vaka-cakacakataki koya?0 cei sa vaka-mamacataki koya?

Sen e ce

E suasua.

H suasua na gone.E suasua tiko na gone.E vaka-suasua tiko na goneEra vaka-suasua tiko na gone.Era vaka-suasua tiko na gone

lalai.Era vaka-suasuataka tiko na

gone lalai..

Era vaka-suasuataka tiko nagone lalai na nodra I Sulu.

Sentenee

Raica.

Raica na vale,O raica na vale?E rawa ni o raica na vale.

fi


vaka-

18.6

E rawa ni o va -lca na vale.F. rawa n1 o v:karaitaka na

vale-nei Jone E rawa ni o vaka-raitaka na

vale ne1 Tone .

vei au E rawa ni o vaka-raitaka veina vale noi Jone.

Vic.

Cue

na kdkana

vaka--takatiko

o koya

e vale ni kuro

Sen

katakata na kdkaaa.sd katakata na kdkAa.

E sd va-katakata na kdkana.E sd va-katakatataka na:kdkana.E sd vd-katakatataka tiko na

kakana.E 65. vd-kata1catataMtik6 naMarla o koya.

E sA v7i-katakatataka tiko nakakana o koya e vale ni kuro.

VII. Supplementary dialogue.

vak9. dod 7aka 't- ot =ighten, to recti

A: E dodonu mo yacomai ki ke ni beranA ono.

You should arrive here beforesix.

B: 0 kila vaka-cava? How do you kno

A: E rauta gã e rua na It only takes two hours.. Asaua na kena kena soon as you're finishedded6. NI.° suka come straitht here .ga, vaka-dodonusara mai.

B: Sd vinaka, me'u 0.K., let me correct my watchvaka-dodonutaka first.mada na noqukaloko.


18,7

VIIb. vaka base -I- one syllable suffix

A: Curu mai mo vaka- Come in and rest for a while.cegu mada.

sa vinaka, au savaka-otia madaego.

A: Au _a gal vaka-yadrati Samu mevaka-otia.

Thank you, I'll finfirst.

I'll wake up Sam to finish it.

Ia, ã vinaia. 0.K, ' you.

A: Dua vel iko na bile Have a cup of tea?tI?

Sega, vaka-SInaita No, just fIll me up a giasb ofga mai e dua na water.bile wai.

Vile. -aka-evei

A: E vei beka au ra a Where can I ctange my n y?ni veisautakakina na noqulavo?

E na vale_ni vola- At that office.vola oyit.

A: E vaka-evei na i How about the bus schedulevaka-rau ni_eici here?ni basi e kE?

: E dau tekivü e na They start at six and keepono ka ra vei- running till late evening.ciciyaki tiko,me yacova nayakavi bogi.

A: 01, si vinaka vaka- 0 , thank you very much. Are

levu. E vaka-evei there any entertainmente bau t e kF e s places here9na vanua ni vei-vaka-marautaki?

B: Io e bau vica toka Yes, quite a few.


A: ayla'ki vc-A.2;autakamada na noqulava qal macalUtliaka-mEl ua nanoqu veltosoy aki.

Very well, I mill Fo, and havemy money chanc:ed and thenplan my move later.

Io, vinaka. Qai O.K. See you latar.lako.

A: S. MOce.

VIII. Talan

Na nodra vaka-

0ood-by,

1 na leWen± vanua.

E na mua ni yabaki 1960, e teklvu tauyavutaka kinana Matanitia ko Vit1 e dua na .sasaga. . 0(43.e baleta na-nodra vaka-cakacakataki vaka-leWe levu na lewe ni vanua eNlti. E tovolea na Matanitta me vaka-vure- e vuqa nagaUnisala nl kune eakacaka.

E a vaka-bibitaka kina flt Matanita na nodra taurivaki.

na lowe ni vanua: c Viti _e .na veicakacaka.ka a dau vaka-i-_tavi gd kina e liu na vla,i dua na Matanitii ka veivukevaka-levu e na sasaga oq-6 na Matanitia ko Niu Siladi. E.

na nodrau veidinadinati;ko Viti kei na Matanit;:t ka rawani soil veivuko e na sasaga oq3, era a vaka-vuliei kava a-rautaki kina a ra ka digitaki.

Viti e S. vaka-yacori tale ga kina e dua na I wasc /ni veivaka-vullei vaka oq3. E,daidal sa laurai-sara navua ni saSaga oq6 e na veitaba ni eakaeaka me vaka naeakacaka vaka-dau ni walesi e na I rorb ni waqavuka, caka-caka e na baqe, tabana ni bokobuka kei na vuqa tale..

Question and Answe

1. NA eava e a tau- Nutaka na -_atanitTl-ko Viti e nayabaki 1960?

E S. tauyavutaka na Matanit ko Viti ena yabaki 1960na na sasagataki ni nodra vaka-cakacakataki vaka-levu na lewe ni vanua'e Viti.

Na mataqali cakacaka eava e, S. nakiti me ra vaka-cakacaRataki.kina na lewe ni vanua?

Na mataqali cakaeaka. ka .a dau vaka-i-tavi g5 kinae liu na

9


1


18.9

3. Na. mataqali veivuke cava c a solia na Matanit_ o NiuSiladi e na vuku ni sasaga oq6?

.E d veivuke na Matanitti o Iu Siladi e na nodra vaka-vulici ka vaka-rautaki na lewe ni vanua ka ra ddigitaki yani e Viti.

4 Na cava sd vua ni saska oqE daidai sa_ ra vaka-i-tavi na lewe

caka vaka dau ni wdleoi, cakaeaka e na baqe kei navica tale.

Viti e na veicaka-,

X. Vocabulary.

auabilo'boko. 11Ca

digitakidramuIcadresu

kidacala

kusarhAda

manumanu

nakqau

sasag4,-

tauyavutakava-gadEtakava-gatava-gaunataka.va-goleava-gunuvavaka-batabatatakavaka-beravaka-cakacakataki7aka-ceguyaeaka-daroya

vaka-dinata

hour (Engl )

cupas in tabana_ni_bokobuka 'fire

brigadei-chosen,seleCtedA,rum (Engl.)passive form of drp- ai rent,torn, of clothes, sails, etc.;va-kadresutake 'tear''

wonde be SUrpAsed; va7kidacalataka'surprise, one'

be quick, hastenashamed, bashful; vaka-mAdataka

'cause shame togeneral name for anLmals andbfrds; manumanu :_ava ,

'animal ; manumanu_vua Fbjrd lintended, planned

1. mine (to ea); Tt isused wherever the possessiveis required; a _au-revu 'my size'

effort, attempt;.ERImALLA 'at-tempted'

foundshow someone aroundsharpen ,

tiMe,regulatecause to turn the head togive a drinKtocool, make _coldcause to delay.'employed-make,to restprevent, postpone,to.happen

. recognize as true-and so_fulfill, obey.

,employed,

cause not

believe,


val a VVtak

vaka-lolomatakavaka-mamacatakavaka-mdrautaka.vaka-mateavaka-mdvoatakavd-kaniavaka-rarawataka'

vaka-rereavaka-rorogotakavaka-savasavatakavaka-sInaitavaka-suasuatakavaka-katakatatakavaka-yacorivaka-yaliavaka-vurea

vd-keleaveicakacakaveiciciyakiveiditadinativeitabaveitosoyakiveivaka-marau akiveivaka-vulicivuqawdlesi

increase the number ora thing

make mise abledry (vJmake happy, delightput to dea,h, killwound, damagefeed, grazemake unhappy, torture, used for

body or soulfrightenreport a thingcleanse, purifyfill upyet (v.)heat, warM upbrought to pass, fulfilledlose a thin&, waste awaycause to spring up, invent come

up withbring to a step, anchor (of a boat)jobs, types of workrun aboutargument, acknowledgmentbranches, departmentsrandom movementsentertainmenttaught, trained .

many, ialmerousradio- telephone, wireless (Engl.)

18.10

ZO

194


Documents

Lessons in Fijian - LIVE LINGUA Corps Lessons... · of Spanl-h or Latin AlthoUgh'fOur of the Fijian ioweIs sound. A. But there. the. ame vowel imilarity ends. to the Engli-h vowels