Lessons from Japan and What Thailand should do to Promote Knowledge Economy by

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[email protected]

Lessons from Japan and What Thailand should do

to Promote Knowledge Economy

byProf.Dr.Srisakdi Charmonman

President of the Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage

of His Majesty the King,

www.charm.au.eduMay 19, 2006

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Data

Database

Information

Knowledge

Knowledge Base

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1) Introduction• Most people credit Peter Drucker with the term “knowledge worker”.• Importance is placed on computer literacy.• In the United States, Canada and Japan, it is now estimated that over 60% of production is created by knowledge workers.

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1) Introduction(1) Definition of Knowledge Economy from web.innovation.sa.gov.au:

An economy characterized by the recognition of knowledge as a source of competitiveness, the increasing importance of science, research, technology and innovation in knowledge creation, and the use of computers and the Internet to

generate, share and apply knowledge.

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From web.wikipedia.org:The Knowledge Economy refers to the use of

knowledge to produce economic benefits. The phrase came to prominence in New Zealand in the mid-to late-1990s as a way of referring to the manner in which various high-technology businesses, especially computer software, telecommunications and virtual services, as well as educational and research institutions, can contribute to a country's economy.

Definition of Knowledge Economy (cont.)

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• The Kinds of Knowledge :• Know-What is knowledge about facts.• Know-Why is knowledge about world, society

and human mind.• Know-Who is Knowledge of who knows what

and who can to what.• Know-Where and Know-When are important

in a flexible and dynamic economy.• Know-How is Knowledge about skill and

Practice.

2) The kinds of Knowledge

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• There is an enormous increase in the classification of knowledge with networks and the digitalization of information, leading to its increasing

commodification.

3) Characteristics of The Knowledge Economy

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• Increasing classification of knowledge leading to : - A shift in the balance of the stock of knowledge. - A relative shortage of implicit knowledge.

Characteristics of The Knowledge Economy (Cont.)

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• Classification promoting a shift in the organization and structure of production.

• Information and communication technologies increasing the diffusion of information over

re-invention, reducing the investment required for a given quantum of knowledge.


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• Increasing rate of knowledge stocks to support economic growth. Knowledge is not necessarily

exhausted in consumption.• Classification is producing a convergence, bridging

different areas of competence, reducing knowledge dispersion, and increasing the speed of turnover of the stock of knowledge.


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• The innovation system and its ‘knowledge distribution power’ are critically important. • The increased rate of codification and collection of

information are leading to a shift in focus towards tacit skills.


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• Learning is increasingly central for both people and organizations.

• Learning involves : - Education - Learning-by-doing - Learning-by-using - Learning-by-interacting.


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• Learning organizations are increasingly networked organizations. • Increasingly important skills : - Initiative - Creativity - Problem solving - Openness to change.


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• The transition to a knowledge-based system may make market failure systemic.

• A knowledge-based economy is so fundamentally different from the resource-based system of the last century that conventional economic understanding must be re-examined.


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2. The Factors to Promote Knowledge Economy1) Policy2) Management3) Infrastructure4) Measurement

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1) Policy• Require new thinking and approaches by

policy makers, senior executives and knowledge workers.

• Aim to Develop employees to be knowledge workers and introduce their skill to the colleagues.

• Changing as demands and mechanisms have emerged to encourage knowledge flows across sectors.

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Policy (Cont.)• Governed by different Institution, Norms

and Policy set.

• Support workers and other people about life-long learning as follow:

• Formal education ; Universities and others Institutes

• Live-Long Learning; eLearning

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2) Management• The investment in knowledge enhancing activities need strong advocates at senior levels.• CKO (Chief Knowledge Officer) at higher management level :

• Creating KM (Knowledge Management) systems for workers.• Building a Learning organization• Using technology to promote business.

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3) Infrastructure(1) Technology(2) Communication

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(1) Technology• Government to develop technology to

support the private sector, and public sector research organizations, to be innovative and able to deploy knowledge.

• Private sectors to support technology in their organizations to create skill and techniques to be apply technical knowledge.

• Knowledge leaders to make the workers become expert workers.

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Technology (Cont.)• Develop software to support skill for the

knowledge workers• Develop websites to support resources for

knowledge workers to create intelligent capital and new innovation for their organizations.

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What kind of website ?

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(2) Communications

• Develop networking and connectivity to bring the whole world into your hand.

• Develop equipments to support access to the Internet.

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Internet Connective in Thailand 2006

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Communication (Cont.)

• Total international bandwidth from Thailand as of May 2006 : 8,579 Mbps.

(Assumption University 64 Mbps.)

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4) Measurement • The knowledge leaders have developed :

- Measurement system

- Combination of systems - New and better methods

for measuring knowledge.

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3. Composition of the Knowledge Economy system

1)Policy Implications

2)Business Implications

3)Technology Implications

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1) Policy Implications

•The measures of economic success must be supported for knowledge-workers.

•Focus on infrastructures for developing knowledge;

- Acts as a knowledge-based companies

- Focus on knowledge-based industries

- Knowledge-networking.

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2) Business Implications

•Recognize the resource knowledge from business bottom line.

•Develop measures of corporate performance based on knowledge.

•Build the learning organizations.

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Business Implications (Cont.)

•Provide technology infrastructure to create a network sharing with effective Internet settings and business practices.

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3) Technology Implications

• Provide networking to link to other countries

• Using appropriate technology and methods, virtual marketplaces and virtual organizations

• Diffusing knowledge for people.

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4. My Experiences with Japan

• There are many lessons I have learned from and

cooperated with Japan and other countries in Asia Pacific. Sample papers are given below :

• Charmonman, S: Computer Activities in Selected Institutions in Indonesia. Final Report, Ford Foundation. 1975.

•Charmonman, S: Trends of Computerization in Thailand. Symposium on Computer Applications in Management. Asian Productivity Center, Tokyo, Japan, May 1977.

•Charmonman, S: Computer and Information Technology. United Nations Asian and Pacific Development Institute Seminar on Information for Development Planning, Pattaya, January 1978.

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Sample papers (Cont.)

•Charmonman, S: State of Computer Technology in Thailand in 1980. Final Report of Unesco Regional Meeting of Computer Centre Directors in Southeast Asia. Jakarta, Indonesia. October 20-24, 1980.

•Charmonman, S: The Impact of Computers on the ASEAN Accounting Profession. Proceedings of the Second ASEAN Federation of Accountants Conference. Singapore. December 10-13, 1980.

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• Charmonman, S: Informatics for Development in Thailand. ICID/Unesco Consultative Meeting, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. October 1982.

• Charmonman, S: Technology and the Future Bank. South-East Asian Central Banks 1982 Training Course. October 1982.

• Charmonman, S: Electronic Sheet and Similar Software. Microcomputer Seminar. Kuala Lumpur. November 1982.

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• Charmonman, S: Microcomputers for Personnel Training and Development. Asian Training and Development Seminar. Hong Kong, December 1982

• Charmonman, S: Computer Hardware, Software and Peopleware -- Selection and Maintenance for Library Applications. Proceedings of the Sixth Congress of Southeast Asian Librarians. Singapore. 30 May - 3 June, 1983.

• Charmonman, S: State of Computers Technology in Thailand in 1983. Asian Regional Conference of Scientists. Thailand. August 15-18

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• Charmonman, S: Prospects and Problems of Electronic Banking. Conference on Critical Issues for National Computerization Policy, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, August 1983

• Charmonman, S: Computers for Education in Thailand. Unesco -- Asia Electronic Union Workshop in Computer-Assisted Instruction. Jakarta, Indonesia. October 1983.

• Charmonman, S: Banks Lead the Way, Business in Thailand, November 1983

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• Charmonman, S: Microcomputer Feasibility Study. Final Report to Unesco Regional Office for Education for Asia and the Pacific. December 1983

• Charmonman, S. and Sophonpanich, K: Transborder Data Flows in Thailand. Intergovernment Bureau for Informatics World Conference on Transborder Data Flows. Rome, Italy. June 1984.

• Charmonman, S: Computer Applications in Industry. Proceedings of the Second Conference of ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organizations. Thailand. January 16-19 1984. Also in J. Engineering Education in Southeast Asia, 14(1) June 1984.

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• Charmonman, S. and Sophonpanich, K: Transborder Data Flows in Thailand. Intergovernment Bureau for Informatics World Conference on Transborder Data Flows. Rome, Italy. June 1984.

• Charmonman, S: Computer Applications in Industry. Proceedings of the Second Conference of ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organizations. Thailand. January 16-19 1984. Also in J. Engineering Education in Southeast Asia, 14(1) June 1984

• Charmonman, S: Computer Laboratories in Thailand and Their Needs. Final Report to USAID. August 1984

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• Charmonman, S: Building Automation Systems -- Thailand Experience. Unesco Regional Seminar on Building Automation Systems, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, September 1984

• Charmonman, S: BCS II -- Unesco Computerized Budget Control System. Final Report to Unesco Regional Office for Education for ASIA and the Pacific. March 1985.

• Charmonman, S: Microcomputer Policies for Developing Countries. J. Engineering Education in Southeast Asia, 15(1), June 1985.

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• Charmonman, S: The Merger of Informatics and Telecommunications -- Development and Prospects for the Future. Proceedings of the Joint Thai, IDRC, UNCTC, and IBI Asean Regional Seminar on Transborder Data Flow Impacts. 1987 Special Issue of ABAC Journal. 1987.

• Charmonman, S: Transborder Data Flows and Thailand. Final Report of a Project supported by IDRC. Published by United Nations Center on Transnational Corporations. 1987.

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• Charmonman, S: A Computerized System to Improve Functional Literacy for Primary-Grade Children in Thailand. Second International Conference on Literacy and Language, Thailand. August 1987.

• Charmonman, S. and Pongchaidecha, M: Contextual Question Answering System. Regional Symposium on Computer Science and Its Applications, Thailand. January 1987.

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• Charmonman, S: A Decision Support System for Coalition Government Formation. Regional Symposium on Computer Science and its Applications, Thailand. January 1987.

• Charmonman, S. Kositapan, T. and Supakitsilp, D: An Experiment with a Domain-Independent Expert System Shell. Regional Symposium on Computer Science and Its Applications, Thailand. January 1987.

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• Charmonman, S., Watanapa, B., Sapianchai, B., and Soisakorn A: Microcomputer-Based English Thai Machine Translations for Thai Rice-Mill Correspondence. Regional Symposium on Computer Science and Its Applications, Thailand. January 1987.

• Charmonman, S., Bunyatnoparat, P. and Punyatipat, N: Experience with Medical Expert Systems. Regional Symposium on Computer Science and Its Applications, Thailand. January 1987

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• Charmonman, S: Computer Educational Software in Thailand. Unesco Asia and Pacific Seminar in Educational Software Development, Evaluation and Dissemination. Tokyo, Japan. 12-22 September 1988.

• Charmonman, S: Educational Software Development, Evaluation and Dissemination in Thailand. Final Report of the Asia and the Pacific Seminar on Education Technology. Japanese National Commission for Unesco, Tokyo, Japan. 12-22 September 1988.

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• Charmonman, S: Telecommunications in Thailand. Presented to the Pacific Telecommunication Conference, Tokyo, Japan, October 1988. Will be published as a chapter in a book on Pacific Telecommunications, Columbia University, USA. in 1989.

• Charmonman, S: Computer Policies. Workshop on Telecommunication Technology Organized by JICA. 2 March 1989.

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• Charmonman, S. and Aramwit, S: Electronic Information Database in Thailand. ABAC Journal 10(3) September - December, 1990.

• Charmonman, S: Graduation Address, 58th Graduation Ceremony of the Asian Institute of Technology. 19 April 1990.

• Charmonman, S: The Present Status of Thailand Computerization. Conference on Possibilities for Computerization Cooperation between Thailand and Japan. Imperial Hotel. 21 September 1990.

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• Charmonman, S. and Aramwit, S: Electronic Information Database in Thailand. Proceedings of Electronic Information is Asia: Trends & Issues. Japan Database Industry Association (DINA). Tokyo Ikebukuro Sunshine City, Bunka Hall. 5 September 1990.

• Charmonman, S: Computer Applications in Water Resources Development and Management. Kathmandu, Nepal. 21 - 23 October 1990.

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• Charmonman, S. State of Computer Technology in Thailand. Asian Institute of Technology Alumni Association Seminar. Tokyo, Japan. 16 March 1992.

• Charmonman, S. Information Management in Thailand. The Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Management. September 1992.

• Srisakdi Charmonman. Reasoning under Dynamic Knowledge Base with Application to Traffic Routing. Proceedings of the ’93 Korea-Japan Joint Conference on Expert Systems, Seoul, Korea, February 1993, p. 268-277

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• Charmonman, S. Computer Human Resource Planning for a Developing Country. Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGCPR Conference, St.Louis, MO, U.S.A. April 1993. ACM Press, p. 370-378.

• Charmonman, S. A Decision Support System for Nursing Care in Thailand. Proceedings of the 1993 Pan Pacific Conference on Information Systems, Taiwan, Republic of China, May 1993, p. 188-192.

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• Srisakdi Charmonman and Kanokwan Wongwatasin. Internet at Assumption University. ABAC Press.

• Srisakdi Charmonman and Kanokwan Wongwatasin. Internet Access from Thailand. ABAC Press.

• Srisakdi Charmonman and Kanokwan Wongwatasin. Internet Computer Network. Watachak Computer, 21-27 June 1994, pp 25-27.

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• Srisakdi Charmonman and Kanokwan Wongwatasin. Internet at Assumption University. ABAC Press.

• Srisakdi Charmonman and Kanokwan Wongwatasin. Internet Access from Thailand. ABAC Press.

• Kanokwan Wongwatanasin and Srisakdi Charmonman. Internet Technology, Thai-Japanese Technology Promotion Magazine, April-May, 1996. P. 73-78.

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• Kanokwan Wongwatanasin and Srisakdi Charmonman. The Role of Information Technology in Education Development in Thailand, The Association of Southeast Asian Institution of Higher Learning, Conference, Melbourne, Australia, June 12-14, 1996.

• Srisakdi Charmonman. KSC: The Only Major ISP in the World with Profits from the First Year of Operation. Invited paper presented to Asia Pacific Carrier & ISP Executive Forum, March 10-11, 1999, Sheraton Grande Laguna Hotel in Phuket, Thailand.

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• Charmonman, S: How IT Can Facilitate Teaching and Enhance Student's Learning on 1999 Annual Faculty Seminar under the theme of Quality Teaching at AU in 2000 Organized by Assumption. May 26-27, 1999.

• Srisakdi Charmonman. Y2K Preparedness in Thailand. Invited paper presented to the monthly luncheon of the Stanford Alumni Club of Thailand, July 7, 1999, Sheraton Grande Hotel.

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Sample papers (Cont.)• Rear Admiral Prasart Sribhadung

and Srisakdi Charmon Internet Industry in Thailand. Presented at the 1st International Asia-Pacific Telecommunications Forum, 28-29th Oct. 1999, ETRI, Taejon, Korea.

• Kanokwan Wongwatanasin and Srisakdi Charmonman. Managing Risk and Security in E-Commerce. Invited paper presented to the "Advanced Telecommunications Technology" by Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation (DTEC); Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA); and Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL). November 15, 1999. Thailand.

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• Kanokwan Wongwatanasin and Srisakdi Charmonman. CharmingMall.Com The Cybermall with 1,000 Cybershops. A paper presented to "Internet World Asia 2000", Singapore International Convention & Exhibition Centre, Singapore, March 1-3, 2000.

• Kanokwan Wongwatanasin and Srisakdi Charmonman. 2000 The Year of E-Everything and E-Commerce. Invited keynote presented to the Seminar Program Assumption Graduated School at Ambassador City Jomtian Pattaya, June 24-25, 2000.

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• Charmonman, S. Internet System and E-Commerce. 8th Advanced Telecommunications Technology Training. KMITL and JICA, October 9 – November 24, 2000.

• Charmonman, S. The Role of Internet in ASEAN Development. Invited paper presented to Telecom Asia 2000 Forum "Gateway to Opportunity" organized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) at the Honk Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC), Hong Kong, People Republic of China, 4-9 December 2000.

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• Chorpothong, S. and Charmonman, S. Asian Family Adjustment to Information Technology. Invited Paper present to "Asian Youth Forum" organized by the Student Union of Assumption University in co-operation with UNESCO at Assumption University Bangna Campus on May 22, 2001.

• Chorpothong, S. and Charmonman, S. Electronic Communication : An Evolving Tool in Techning. Invited paper presented tp "International Perspectives on Learning Skills Development" at the Hall of Fame, Assumption University on September 8, 2001.

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• Chorpothong, S. and Charmonman, S. University Curricula for IT-Related Human Resource Development. Invited paper presented to "Workshop on e-ASEAN Implementation" at the Multimedia Room, Assumption University on March 5, 2002.

• Chorpothong, S. and Charmonman, S. "Strategies for Developing 'Autonomous' Universities and Colleges: Meeting the Goals of the Ninth National Education Development Plan" Invited paper presented to "Developing 'Autonomous' Universities" at the Wiman Bang Phli Room, Assumption University Bang Na Campus on March 23, 2002.

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• Chorpothong, S. and Charmonman, S. “IT and E-Learning in Thailand” Invited paper presented to IT Management Program, 2002, “e-Learning Utilization in Southeast Asia” organized by Center of the International Coorperation for Computerization at Tokyo, Japan on July 22-27, 2002.

• Charmonman, S. and Chorpothong, N. “The Major Roles of Parliament in Promoting IT for Development”. Keynote address presented to the Second General Assembly of the International Parliamentarians' Association for Information Technology (IPAIT II), Conrad Bangkok Hotel, Thailand, 17-19 May 2004.

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Sample papers (Cont.)• Charmonman, S. and Chorpothong, N.

"Accreditation of eLearning Degree" Special Issue of IJCIM (volume 12 no 2), Proceedings of the International Conference on eLearning for Knowledge-Based Society, organized by the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, p. 235 - 241, August 4-5, 2004.

• Chorpothong, N. and Charmonman, S. "An eLearning Project for 100,000 Students per Year in Thailand" Special Issue of IJCIM (volume 12 no 2), Proceedings of the International Conference on eLearning for Knowledge-Based Society, organized by the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, p. 111 - 118, August 4-5, 2004.

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Sample papers (Cont.)• Charmonman, S. "University-Level

eLearning in ASEAN" Special Issue of IJCIM (volume 13 no SP1), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on eLearning for Knowledge-Based Society, organized by the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, Pp. 11.1 - 11.6, August 4-7, 2005.

• Charmonman, S. "eASEAN Task Force and eASEAN Business Council" Special Issue of IJCIM (volume 13 no SP2), Preceeding of the International Conference on Computer and Industrial Management (ICIM), organized by Assumption University , Bangkok, Thailand, Pp. 23.1 - 23.4, October 29-30, 2005.

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Sample papers (Cont.)• Charmonman, S. and Chorpothong, N.

"Digital Lifestyle and the Road Ahead" Special Issue of IJCIM (volume 13 no SP3), Proceeding of the Forth International Conference on eBusiness, organized by the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, Pp. 2.1 - 2.8, November 19-20, 2005.

• Charmonman, S. "Leadership Reflection in ICT in Education in Asia" Keynote Address presented to “Digital Learning Asia 2006” organized by The Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT), and Ministry of Education (MOE), Thailand, SEAMEO, SIPA and Other Prominte, 26-28 April 2006, Bangkok, Thailand at Rama Garden Hotel and Resort 27 April 2006.

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6. eLearning at Assumption University

• Assumption University (AU) is a private university in Thailand hoping to be Stanford University of Thailand• AU is a Catholic University with 2% of students being Catholic• AU has about 20,000 students in classroom mode• AU hopes to have 100,000 students in eLearning mode

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eLearning at Assumption University

• AU established the College of Internet Distance

Education in 2004, located at Srisakdi Charmonman IT Center.• AU is the first to offer complete eLearning degree programs in Thailand : - MS (Management), Jan 2006. - MS (ICT), May 2006. - Ph.D. (eLearning Methodology), May 2006. - MS (eLearning Methodology), Sep 2006.• AU will have 60 eLearning programs for 100,000 students by 2015.

Srisakdi Charmonman IT Center



Srisakdi Charmonman IT Center Assumption University

Center of Excellence in IT EducationMinistry of Information and Communication Technology

20 August 2547










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7. Concluding Remarks

• Japan is one of the top countries in IT and Knowledge Management.• Thailand has learned many good lessons from Japan and should continue to do so. • For example, Thailand should : - Establish Knowledge Base for every major organization. - Encourage Knowledge Management in every organization. - Train more personnel in KM, using both classroom mode and eLearning mode.

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Thank you

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Lessons from Japan and What Thailand should do to Promote Knowledge Economy by