Learning intentions: We are learning about migration.
Success criteria: Referring to a case study, I can suggest push and pull factors. Referring to a case study, I can explain the impact of the migration on the donor country. Referring to a case study, I can discuss the impact of the migration on the receiving country.
Lesson seven: Force migration case study
Forced migration is when the migrant has no personal choice but has to move.
Come up with a list of why people are forced to migrate.
Starter
Religious and/or political persecution Wars, creating large numbers of refugees Forced labour as slaves or prisoners of war Racial discrimination Lack of food due to famine Natural disasters caused by floods, drought, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or hurricanes Overpopulation, when the number of people living in an area exceeds the resources available to them
Reasons for forced migration
According to the UNHCR, a Refugee is someone who ‘owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality is unable to avail himself of the protection of that country .’
What is a refugee?
Where people moved from Why they moved (push and pull factors) The effects on the donor country The effects on the receiving country
What you should know
Forced migration case study
Syria
Lebanon
Turkey
Jordan
Much of the Middle East including Syria has been politically unstable since the so-called Arab Spring in 2010, when a series of protests, riots and civil wars broke out in many Arab countries. Syria has been in a state of civil war since March 2011. Over 400,000 people have died as a result of the fighting between the Syrian government and the rebel groups.
Syria case study
Syria: Fact File POPULATION 24 million 17.9million (estimated) GDP 2,065 US$ LITERACY (%) 85% BIRTH RATE 24.04/1000 DEATH RATE 3.9/1000
Before the civil war Syria was a prosperous country. Education levels were high and many children went on to further and higher education. Syria was not a ‘typical’ middle eastern country. It is made up of a mix of religions and races.
Islamic State
President Bashar Al-Assad
President Assad – supported by the Russians, government forces started using deadly force against civilians after the protests during the Arab Spring of 2010. ISIS – Islamic state wants to take over Syria, declaring Sharia Law. Responsible for thousands of deaths & torture. Rebel Groups – supported by US and others, these groups fight against government troops and ISIS. Links to Al Qaeda groups.
Who’s who?
Opposition/Rebel groups
According to the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) 3.7 million people have fled Syria since the start of the conflict. Syrians first fled in vast numbers to neighbouring Lebanon, Turkey and Jordan. In addition, 6.5million people are internally displaced, in search for a safe place to live.
Syria case study
Government Air Strike in Aleppo
Human Rights Violations • More than 40% of the population unable to access basic
health services. • Of 113 public hospitals, 58% of them either partially
functioning or completely out of service
Chemical Attacks – Sarrin Gas
Basic necessities like food and water are sparse
Madaya – Besieged town video
People are starving and having to eat family pets and grass to stay alive
People are living under Sharia Law
Unemployment Around 50% of people are unemployed 70% are living in extreme poverty
Thousands of Syrians flee their country every day. They often decide to finally escape after seeing their neighbourhoods bombed or family members killed. Bombings are destroying crowded cities. Horrific human rights violations are widespread. Thousands of people have been killed, kidnapped, tortured or raped. Basic necessities like food and medical care are sparse. Over 4 million people have been left homeless. Much of the country’s infrastructure and essential services have been destroyed. Thousands of people are unemployed. For many Syrians it is impossible to lead a normal life.
Push factors
Many Syrians have family and friends already living abroad so it is easier to make the move. Syria has porous land borders with Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan which makes it relatively easy to migrate into these countries without a passport.
Pull factors
Much of Syria’s educated elite population (those who have money and connections) have fled their home in search of safety. Syria does not have enough doctors and nurses to look after the injured and the weak. Once vibrant cities such as Homs and Aleppo are now ghost towns.
Impact on donor country (Syria)
Lebanon, Turkey and Jordan are now home to over 3 million Syrian refugees. The majority of Syrian refugees are living in Jordan and Lebanon. In the region’s two smallest countries, weak infrastructure and limited resources are nearing breaking point under the strain. In some towns the population has doubled, putting a lot of pressure on health and education services. Waste management is not coping. Space is also an issue in crowded urban centres, rents in some places have tripled since the influx of refugees.
Impact on receiving countries
There are not enough teachers. Some schools send Lebanese children home at lunchtime and then teach Syrian children for the second half of the day. Some Lebanese people say they have lost their jobs because Syrians are willing to work for less, or that they have been evicted because Syrians share housing with many people, and therefore afford rents that the Lebanese cannot. Since August 2014, more Syrians have escaped into northern Iraq at a newly opened border crossing. In a country that is still recovering from its own prolonged conflict this influx is dramatic and brings additional challenges.
Impact on receiving countries
An increasing number of Syrian refugees are fleeing across the border to Turkey, overwhelming urban host communities and creating new cultural tensions and resentments. The World Bank estimates that the Syria crisis cost Lebanon US$2.5 billion in lost economic activity during 2013 and threatens to push 170,000 Lebanese into poverty by the end of this year. Wages are plummeting, and families are struggling to make ends meet.
Impact on receiving countries
Update on Syrian migration
Since the civil war broke out, hundreds of thousands of people have fled Syria into neighbouring countries, Lebanon, Turkey and Jordan. However, in 2015 they started moving further West into Europe. Watch the video and identify push and pull factors for this extended migration (no need to write them down). Recent Syrian migration
Recent migration to Europe
Push factors Pull factors
Refugee camps in the neighbouring countries are becoming over-saturated. There are no jobs and therefore no prospects of having a home and a good life. Many Syrians do not think the war will be resolved and the country will always be in a state of war.
Momentum effect – many refugees’ friends have reached Europe (Germany) and have been welcomed.
Aleppo Struggle to grow food
Headlines & Controversy There has been controversy across the Western world regarding the influx of Syrian refugees. Many people in the UK, Europe and America are worried about the ‘larg’ge numbers of migrants making the journey west.
Situation NOW After the Paris attacks & more recent attacks in Nice and London there has been a sense of fear sweeping across the West. Many right wing politicians feel that accepting more refugees threatens our security as they ‘MIGHT’ be supporters of IS. Others feel we have a duty to accept refugees and should not class every Muslim as a ‘terrorist’.
Opinion Corners
Agree Disagree
The UK should only accept females and children, males
should stay and fight for their country
The UK should help their own people first, before providing refugees with a place to stay.
The UK government should accept more refugees
The UK government accept more refugees than other
countries. Others should share the burden.
There are most likely terrorists among those claiming to be
refugees therefore we shouldn’t let anymore into the UK.
IS fighter enters UK!! Laith Al Saleh was actually a fighter AGAINST IS when he was a member of Rebel forces. This is why there is a photograph of him with a rifle
Don’t believe everything you read (see)
Everyday on facebook, twitter, on the news and in the newspaper there are facts and figures about migration, IS and the threat to the UK. EVERY report has an agenda. Are they supporting the government bombing in Syria or are they opposed? Are they Pro-EU/Pro-US or against? Are they anti-muslim?
https://vimeo.com/135119328
Our World: Deported to Afghanistan
Since 2001, thousands of child refugees have claimed refuge in the UK. However, on turning 18 many of these children are being forced back to Afghanistan.
2012 saw a significant increase in Germany’s population. This was not due to a sudden baby boom, but to the many immigrants moving to the country. Experts point out this could result in both benefits and problems. Referring to a named case study, analyse the impact of migration on either the donor or the receiving country. (5)
In order to answer this question, even though the Syrian migration Westwards through Europe is more up to date, it is still taking place and therefore statistics are always changing. Use the case study in the booklet and answer for the receiving country, as this has the most information.
Task
a) Discuss the possible consequences for a rapidly growing population structure on the economy and the welfare of citizens. (6)
b) With reference to an international migration you have studied, discuss the impact on both the donor and the receiving country. (6)
Homework 2
Referring to a case study, I can suggest push and pull factors.
Referring to a case study, I can explain the impact of the migration on the donor country.
Referring to a case study, I can explain the impact of the migration on the receiving country.
Success criteria
Write on a post it/scrap piece of paper:
Up to three things you want re-explained to gain a better understanding of the Population unit as a whole.
Plenary