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NASA Spaceward Bound: Lesson Plans 2011 (CHM 400, S11) Author: Andrea Gonzalez, Alexandra Olano, Amina Razzak, Kara Rotunno Course/Subject: Physics School: International Polytechnic High School Teacher Mentor: Rachel Melogno Grade Level: High School Seniors (12 th grade) Date/s of Teaching: Alex 05/09 (MudBattery Building) and 05/12 (Followup and College related questions segment), Kara – 5/10 & 5/16 Mud Battery Building and 5/18 Followup, Amina5/9 & 5/16 (Mud Battery Building), Andrea 05/09 (Mud Battery Building) and 05/18 (Followup and Lecture) Title Mud Batteries: How to build them and how they work. Generative Question Why is it important to have a good understanding of batteries and what benefits and disadvantages can come from building batteries out of mud? Related Standards 5. Electric and magnetic phenomena are related and have many practical applications. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know how to predict the voltage or current in simple direct current (DC) electric circuits constructed from batteries, wires, resistors, and capacitors. b. Students know how to solve problems involving Ohm’s law. c. Students know any resistive element in a DC circuit dissipates energy, which heats the resistor. Students can calculate the power (rate of energy dissipation) in any resistive circuit element by using the formula Power = IR (potential difference) × I (current) = I 2 R. Concepts/Objectives The students will be able to make mud batteries using very little material and they will be able to communicate what is going on with their batteries as well as make predictions and develop hypotheses that they can further develop or test later. The

Lesson Plan- RevisedBound:$$Lesson$Plans$2011$$(CHM400,S11)$ 4) Mathematical(Relationship(between(terms(in(Ohm’s(Law(5) Graphical(Representation(of(Ohm’s(Law

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Page 1: Lesson Plan- RevisedBound:$$Lesson$Plans$2011$$(CHM400,S11)$ 4) Mathematical(Relationship(between(terms(in(Ohm’s(Law(5) Graphical(Representation(of(Ohm’s(Law

NASA  Spaceward  Bound:    Lesson  Plans  2011    (CHM  400,  S11)  

Author:       Andrea  Gonzalez,  Alexandra  Olano,  Amina  Razzak,  Kara  Rotunno    Course/Subject:     Physics  School:       International  Polytechnic  High  School  Teacher  Mentor:     Rachel  Melogno    Grade  Level:       High  School  Seniors  (12th  grade)  Date/s  of  Teaching:   Alex  -­‐  05/09  (Mud-­‐Battery  Building)  and  05/12  (Follow-­‐up  and  

College  related  questions  segment),  Kara  –  5/10  &  5/16  Mud  Battery  Building  and  5/18  Follow-­‐up,  Amina-­‐5/9  &  5/16  (Mud  Battery  Building),  Andrea-­‐  05/09  (Mud-­‐  Battery  Building)  and  05/18  (Follow-­‐up  and  Lecture)    

                                                                   Title      Mud  Batteries:  How  to  build  them  and  how  they  work.    Generative  Question    Why  is  it  important  to  have  a  good  understanding  of  batteries  and  what  benefits  and  disadvantages  can  come  from  building  batteries  out  of  mud?      Related  Standards    5.  Electric  and  magnetic  phenomena  are  related  and  have  many  practical  applications.  As  a  basis  for  understanding  this  concept:       a.  Students  know  how  to  predict  the  voltage  or  current  in  simple  direct  current     (DC)  electric  circuits  constructed  from  batteries,  wires,  resistors,  and  capacitors.         b.  Students  know  how  to  solve  problems  involving  Ohm’s  law.         c.  Students  know  any  resistive  element  in  a  DC  circuit  dissipates  energy,  which     heats  the  resistor.  Students  can  calculate  the  power  (rate  of  energy  dissipation)     in  any  resistive  circuit  element  by  using  the  formula       Power  =  IR  (potential  difference)  ×  I  (current)  =  I

2R.  

   Concepts/Objectives    The  students  will  be  able  to  make  mud  batteries  using  very  little  material  and  they  will  be  able  to  communicate  what  is  going  on  with  their  batteries  as  well  as  make  predictions  and  develop  hypotheses  that  they  can  further  develop  or  test  later.    The  

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NASA  Spaceward  Bound:    Lesson  Plans  2011    (CHM  400,  S11)  

mud  batteries  will  stay  with  the  students  and  their  teacher  is  enthusiastic  about  letting  this  project  continue  through  the  summer  and  develop  and  refine  the  project  for  the  next  school  year.            Required  Materials    

• 2  five-­‐gallon  buckets  • Mud  from  the  bottom  of  a  pond,  lake  or  other  outdoor  water  source  • Shovel  • Two  sheets  of  chicken  wire  measuring  16”x24”  each  • 2  metal  bolts  with  butterfly  clamps  • 6  metal  washers  • Insulated  electrical  wire  –  about  3  ft.  • Resistors  • Voltmeter  • Wire  Cutters  

   Introduction  (Anticipatory  Set,  Lead-­‐In)    Day  1  -­‐  The  actual  building  of  the  batteries  –  Started  building  day  by  touching  a  little  bit  on  NASA  Spaceward  Bound  and  its  purpose…finding  environments  analogous  to  Mars.    Showed  pictures  of  the  Mojave  Desert  and  pictures  of  the  mud  batteries  that  we  built  and  buried  at  the  studies  center.  Some  of  us  gave  the  students  a  very  basic  background  of  how  the  mud  battery  works,  but  we  didn’t  go  into  depth  about  it  until  the  second  day.    Day  2  –  Follow-­‐up  to  build  day  –  Started  follow-­‐up  day  by  giving  a  little  background  on  Ohm  and  Ohm’s  Law  and  how  it  is  applied  to  the  mud  battery.  I  let  them  know  that  one  AA  battery  has  1.5Volts  and  asked,  knowing  that  it  takes  two  AA  batteries  to  power  a  television,  how  many  mud  batteries  at  their  current  Voltage  would  be  needed  to  power  the  same  television.  When  the  topic  of  resistors  came  up,  we  gave  some  quick  facts  such  as  the  human  body  acting  as  a  resistor.  We  learned  that  facts  like  this  would  capture  their  attention  since  they  are  able  to  apply  physics  to  real  life  situations.      Plan/Procedures  (Step-­‐by-­‐Step  plan)    Day  2  

1) Get  the  students’  attention  and  have  each  group  give  a  little  bit  of  information  on  their  mud  battery  and  any  analysis  they  have  been  able  to  obtain.  

2) Give  them  background  information  and  fun  facts  about  Georg  Simon  Ohm  3) Review  of  Ohm’s  Law  

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NASA  Spaceward  Bound:    Lesson  Plans  2011    (CHM  400,  S11)  

4) Mathematical  Relationship  between  terms  in  Ohm’s  Law  5) Graphical  Representation  of  Ohm’s  Law  6) Brief  explanation  (including  short  video)  of  electrons  and  where  they  come  from  7) Anaerobic  Bacteria-­‐an  explanation  of  what  is  in  the  mud.  8) Their  mud  battery  predictions  9) Their  mud  battery  circuit  diagram  10) Current  assessment  of  mud  batteries  11) Discussion:  Benefits/Disadvantages  of  using  mud  batteries  12) NASA  Spaceward  Bound  Information  13) Pictures  showing  similarities  between  Mars  and  Earth.    (Had  students  guess  

which  planet  the  pictures  were  taken.)  14) Close  with  a  brief  description  of  ourselves  academically  and  continue  into  an  

open  question-­‐and-­‐answer  segment  on  our  experiences  as  Cal  Poly  Pomona  students.  

   Conclusions  (Reflect  Anticipatory  Set)    We  asked  the  students  the  following  questions:  

1. What  do  you  (each  group)  anticipate  would  happen  during  the  initial  build  day?  2. What  do  you  think  will  happen  with  your  mud  batteries  if  they  are  left  as  is?  3. What  are  the  benefits  or  disadvantages,  if  any,  of  using  a  mud  batter?  4. What  would  happen  to  the  readings  if  the  electrode  surfaces  were  doubled?  5. What  would  happen  to  the  readings  if  the  mud  volume  were  doubled?  6. What  would  happen  to  the  readings  if  the  length  of  time  that  the  electrodes  are  

left  in  the  mud  is  extended?      

We  discussed  the  above  questions  with  the  students  to  expand  their  mind  on  the  possibilities  a  mud  battery  could  create.    It  also  helped  them  to  better  visualize  and  apply  Ohm’s  Law.      Assessments  (optional)    The  students  were  given  a  worksheet  with  various  problems  relating  to  batteries  and  with  hypothetical  questions  concerning  their  group’s  mud  battery.    This  will  demonstrate  their  knowledge  on  the  subject  and  how  intently  they  were  listening  to  the  presentations.    They  will  earn  extra  credit  for  submitting  the  assignment.      Reflections  (Self-­‐Analysis  and  Commentary)    

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NASA  Spaceward  Bound:    Lesson  Plans  2011    (CHM  400,  S11)  

The  students  were  wonderful.    I  think  that  I  did  a  pretty  good  job  of  making  sure  that  I  related  to  the  students  and  kept  them  listening  to  the  lesson.    The  students  were  wonderful.    A  few  things  that  I  would  do  differently  if  I  were  to  do  it  again:  

I  would  sit  through  one  of  the  host  teacher’s  lectures.    I  sat  in  Ms.  Melogno’s  class  after  I  was  finished  and  found  that  the  way  that  she  introduced  and  eased  into  a  new  topic  was  exceptional  as  was  the  way  that  she  related  with  the  students.  It  is  almost  as  if  she  is  sitting  on  the  line  between  friend  and  mentor.  The  students  felt  free  to  speak,  but  showed  her  a  lot  of  respect.  

I  would  take  note  cards…there  were  many  cool  facts  that  I  think  that  would  help  reach  the  students’  interest.    I  managed  to  remember  all  of  the  ones  that  I  wanted  to  say,  but  there  were  many.    

I  would  have  had  a  little  dialogue  to  go  with  the  video  in  case  the  audio  did  not  work  (which  it  didn’t)  

“Picked  the  brain”  of  the  host  teacher  in  order  to  maximize  learning   I  would  have  liked  to  run  through  the  slides  in  the  classroom  before  the  students  

showed  up.    I  found  that  speaking  with  the  students  really  made  me  reconnect  with  all  of  the  things  that  excited  me  about  my  studies  in  the  first  place.    Overall  it  was  a  very  exciting  experience!  -­‐Alexandra  Olano    I  really  enjoyed  working  with  the  students  and  it  reminded  me  of  how  much  I  love  tutoring.    My  tutoring  background  helped  me  to  better  explain  concepts  about  Ohm’s  Law  to  the  class  because  I  have  had  a  lot  of  experience  explaining  concepts  to  students  of  all  ages.    I  began  tutoring  when  I  was  in  8th  grade,  so  I  have  many  years  of  experience  under  my  belt.    Setting  aside  how  much  fun  I  had  teaching  and  working  with  the  students,  the  students  themselves  really  seemed  to  enjoy  the  experience.    They  were  very  involved  in  building  the  battery  and  had  a  lot  of  great  ideas  when  we  were  going  over  discussion  questions.    From  my  experience,  I  have  learned  a  lot  about  what  it  takes  to  create  a  lesson  plan  and  not  only  that  but  how  much  work  it  takes  to  be  a  teacher.    It  is  hard  to  choose  what  is  worth  going  over  with  a  class  and  what  is  not.    It  is  also  a  lot  of  work  to  make  sure  that  you  truly  understand  the  material  yourself  before  you  present  it  to  a  class.    It  is  imperative  that  the  teacher  is  fully  prepared  and  is  knowledgeable  about  the  information  before  trying  to  teach  it  to  someone  else.    I  already  had  learned  some  of  these  things  from  tutoring,  like  really  knowing  the  material  before  you  tutor  someone  in  it,  but  now  I  feel  I  have  learned  these  things  from  the  perspective  of  a  teacher  rather  than  a  tutor.    In  the  future,  I  would  love  to  spend  more  time  refining  the  lesson  plan  and  making  sure  everything  is  prepared.    Also,  I  would  find  it  helpful  to  observe  teachers  so  I  can  get  ideas  of  better  ways  to  present  material  to  students.    I  have  learned  so  much  

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NASA  Spaceward  Bound:    Lesson  Plans  2011    (CHM  400,  S11)  

from  my  experience  with  Spaceward  Bound  and  teaching  that  I  can  carry  with  me  into  the  future.  -­‐Kara  Rotunno    I  did  not  realize  how  difficult  it  is  to  prepare  a  lesson  plan  and  lecture  and  execute  it  well.  The  most  challenging  part  of  teaching  high  school  students  is  getting  them  engaged,  and  you  can  not  make  the  assumption  that  all  high  school  students  are  loud  or  for  the  most  part  social.  I  taught  two  classes  and  one  of  the  classes  that  I  taught  had  really  quiet  students  and  I  realized  that  I  had  to  make  the  lecture  more  interactive  so  I  thought  that  doing  group  work  would  engage  them  more  and  that  they  would  get  more  out  of  the  lecture.  I  had  to  think  on  my  feet  at  that  point  because  I  had  not  planned  for  something  like  that  to  happen.  Although  I  tutored  in  high  school  like  Kara  and  have  had  experience  working  with  younger  kids,  the  lecture  went  a  lot  differently  than  I  expected.  I  would  have  liked  to  have  the  lecture  be  based  more  on  generative  questions  rather  than  just  going  through  physics  problems  and  talking  about  formulas.  Some  things  that  could  have  gone  better  with  our  lesson  plan  would  be  getting  the  supplies  in  advance  and  organizing  things  better  (fortunately  we  were  able  to  communicate  frequently  but  everyone  had  such  varying  schedules  so  that  made  things  a  little  harder),  coordinating  everything  with  the  Mud  Battery  team  in  a  more  timely  manner  (I  often  got  to  emails  too  late,  especially  as  the  quarter  progressed).  There  were  also  some  things  that  went  well  with  the  lectures;  my  batteries  did  not  end  up  working  but  Kara  got  some  of  her  batteries  to  work  and  some  of  the  students  from  one  of  the  classes  were  really  interested  and  asked  me  what  the  application  of  a  mud  battery  would  be.  Overall,  I  think  this  was  a  great  learning  experience  for  me  and  I  really  enjoyed  it.  It  was  stressful  at  times  but  I’m  glad  that  you  pushed  us  to  go  beyond  what  we  thought  we  could  accomplish.  In  the  future,  it  would  be  best  for  any  students  that  are  guest  lecturers  to  sit  in  on  a  class  and  observe  the  teaching  style  of  the  teacher’s  class  they  will  be  lecturing.  I  think  it  would  have  been  very  beneficial  to  work  more  closely  with  Miss  Melogno  because  I  like  her  teaching  style  and  think  that  a  hands-­‐on  approach  is  the  best  way  to  teach  students  in  high  school.    -­‐Amina  Razzak    Overall,  this  was  a  great  learning  experience.  Like  Amina,  I  didn’t  anticipate  how  much  time  and  effort  it  took  to  conduct  a  lesson  plan.  I  don’t  have  any  type  of  tutoring  background,  but  I  used  to  volunteer  for  a  second  grade  teacher.  Now,  if  I  compare  an  elementary  school  teacher  and  a  high  school  teacher’s  teaching  tactics,  I  can  see  how  these  two  vary  their  teaching  styles  to  engage  their  students.  High  school  is  a  very  interesting  grade  level—they  are  at  a  position  where  they  must  decide  their  future,  yet  they  are  still  too  young  to  understand  that  their  decisions  may  lead  them  to  success  or  failure.  That  is  why  I  loved  that  we  taught  high  school.  The  students  I  talked  to  were  exceptionally  bright  and  curious.  As  we  were  building  the  mud  batteries,  they  would  ask  me  many  questions,  but  mostly  about  my  college  experiences.  They  wanted  to  know  everything—what  my  major  was,  why  I  chose  it,  why  Cal  Poly  Pomona,  and  if  I  enjoyed  

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NASA  Spaceward  Bound:    Lesson  Plans  2011    (CHM  400,  S11)  

the  college  experience.  I  told  them  the  truth-­‐  that  no  matter  what  major  they  chose,  they  will  be  challenged  no  matter  what,  but  with  hard  work  and  dedication  they  are  able  to  pursue  anything  they  would  like.  I  would  love  to  serve  as  a  mentor  for  these  students  and  help  influence  some  to  pursue  a  technical  science  major.  There  are  some  that  are  capable  of  pursuing  this  field,  but  choose  not  to.  It  was  a  pleasure  and  a  privilege  to  participate  in  Spaceward  Bound  and  having  an  opportunity  to  teach  students  was  a  very  exciting  experience.      I  was  the  first  one  to  build  the  mud  battery.  I  didn’t  encounter  any  sort  of  problems.  The  students  were  very  interactive  when  they  started  building  the  mud  battery.  The  few  that  didn’t  participate  were  talking  to  their  group  members  and  when  they  overcame  their  shyness,  they  would  speak  to  me  and  ask  me  questions.  One  of  the  students  actually  pulled  me  aside  and  asked  me  about  engineering.  She  felt  that  she  wasn’t  able  to  pursue  it  because  she  was  a  girl  and  felt  intimidated  by  the  high  ratio  of  males  to  females  within  that  major.  I  told  her  to  not  be  afraid  of  that,  and  convinced  her  to  pursue  it  no  matter  what  obstacles  come  her  way.  The  only  thing  that  I  would  improve  on  is  that  we  needed  to  buy  more  gloves.  Most  of  the  students  used  it  avoid  getting  their  hands  dirty  when  transferring  mud  to  their  buckets.  I  didn’t  think  we  had  enough.  Another  thing  is  that  we  didn’t  need  goggles.  The  last  thing  I  would  like  to  point  out  is  that  some  of  my  batteries  weren’t  getting  a  reading.  I  believe  this  was  because  the  students  used  mud  from  the  back  of  the  school  as  opposed  to  the  mud  that  we  obtained  from  the  lake.  (We  didn’t  have  enough  for  everyone.)  This  mud  most  likely  didn’t  have  the  large  amount  of  bacteria  that  we  would  have  wanted  so  I  think  this  is  why  some  of  the  students  weren’t  able  to  obtain  readings.  The  difference  is  that  theirs  took  about  20-­‐30  minutes  to  get  a  reading  as  opposed  to  the  Mud  Battery  team’s  battery.  When  we  built  it,  we  were  able  to  get  a  reading  right  away.  I  think  that  if  we  did  this  in  the  future,  we  would  take  into  account  many  things—using  different  sized  electrodes,  using  sand,  etc.  This  would  make  the  results  better  and  we  would  be  able  to  confirm  many  of  the  electricity  theories.    Again,  I’d  like  to  express  my  gratitude  in  taking  part  in  this  teaching  adventure.  It  was  a  pleasure  working  with  Ms.  Melogno,  Dr.  Mogul,  and  my  fellow  Mud  Battery  team  members.      -­‐Andrea  Gonzalez