Lesson Overview Life is Cellular. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Life Is Cellular THINK ABOUT IT What’s the smallest part of any living thing that still

Lesson OverviewLesson OverviewLife is CellularLife is Cellular

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview Life Is CellularLife Is Cellular

THINK ABOUT IT What’s the smallest part of any living thing that still counts as being “alive?”

Can we just keep dividing living things into smaller and smaller parts, or is there a point at which what’s left is no longer alive?


Early Microscopes

Mid-1600s scientists began using compound microscopes to observe living things.

In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to look at cork- nonliving plant material

Cork looked like tiny, empty chambers

Hooke called the cork “cells”

cells are not empty chambers, but working parts, each with its own function.


This is what Hooke saw. The cork reminded him of monastery cells-places where monks

stay (chambers)


Early Microscopes

Anton van Leeuwenhoek examined pond water & sample taken from a human mouth.

He drew the organisms he saw in the mouth-bacteria.


The Cell Theory

cells are the basic units of life

1838, German botanist Matthias Schleiden stated-plants made of cells.

1839, German biologist Theodor Schwann stated-animals made of cells.

1855, German physician Rudolf Virchow concluded that new cells could be produced only from other cells,



The Cell Theory

summarized in the cell theory, a fundamental concept of biology.

The cell theory states:

-All living things are made up of cells.

-Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

-New cells are produced from existing cells.


The Discovery of the Cell

What is the cell theory?


The Discovery of the Cell

What is the cell theory?

The cell theory states:

- All living things are made up of cells.

- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

- New cells are produced from existing cells.


Exploring the Cell

How do microscopes work?


Exploring the Cell

How do microscopes work?

Most microscopes use lenses to magnify the image of an object by focusing light or electrons.


Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Cells fall into two broad categories, depending on whether they contain a nucleus.

Nucleus is a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA.

The nucleus controls many of the cell’s activities.



Eukaryotes are cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei.

Prokaryotes are cells that do not enclose DNA in nuclei.


Prokaryotic cells-smaller & simpler

prokaryotes grow, reproduce, & respond to the environment, and some can even move by gliding along surfaces or swimming through liquids.

bacteria =prokaryotes.

Prokaryotes


Eukaryotes

Eukaryotic cells are larger & more complex

contain a lot of structures & internal membranes.

highly specialized.

eukaryotes: plants, animals, fungi, and “protists.”

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview Life Is CellularLife Is CellularPRO=NO EU=DO



cells range from 5 to 50 micrometers in diameter, the smallest bacteria are only 0.2 micrometers across.

the giant amoeba Chaos chaos may be 1000 micrometers in diameter,

all cells contain the molecule that carries biological information—DNA.

All cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier -cell membrane.



How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?



How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?

Prokaryotic cells do not separate their genetic material within a nucleus. PRO-NO

In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell. EU-DO!!!


You will be taking a quiz. Tell me if the following organisms are Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic…

Remember Pro=No Nucleus

(DNA is free floating in cytoplasm

Eu=Do

(DNA enclosed in nucleus)


Sponge????


Yeast


Step throat-Streptococcus


Ring worm


Protista-paramecium


Venus Fly Trap


Tapeworm





Summarize• Out of the Kingdoms: Bacteria, Protists, Fungus, Plants, and Animals.

Insert which one goes in which side of the chart

Prokaryote-NO NUCLEUS Eukaryote-HAS MEMBRANE BOUND NUCLEUS

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Lesson Overview Life is Cellular. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Life Is Cellular THINK ABOUT IT What’s the smallest part of any living thing that still