Nuclear ProliferationLesson – Disarmament

Objectives Review goals of NPT treaty. Compare different types of weapons. Identify key treaties regulating

nuclear arsenals .

Warm Up

What are the goals of the NPT?

• Non-Proliferation• Disarmament• Fair Access for

Peaceful Use

http://www.hulu.com/watch/165125/movie-trailers-countdown-to-zero---exclusive-clip---proliferation

Peaceful Uses Nuclear Energy Controlled nuclear reactions

• Heat Steam Electricity (19% in US)

Nuclear power plants• Atomic energy

Radioactive Isotopes (Medicine, Agriculture, Industry)

Nuclear Regulatory Com Dept of Energy

Regulate use nuclear materials

Weapons Delivery Missiles deliver

conventional or nuclear warheads

Ballistic Missiles – enter atmosphere

Cruise Missiles – fly closer to ground

Tactical – short range missiles

Strategic – longer range missiles

IRBM • Tactical ~2,500 mile target• “Pershing Missiles”

SLBM• Strategic • “Poseidon / Trident”

ICBM• Strategic 20K mph, targets 9K

miles away• “Minutemen / MX”• US fixed site, USSR mobile

launchers ABM

• Destroy offensive missiles in space… ABM defense systems

http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/nuke-size.htm

Disarmament Negotiations US & Russia

possess ~95% total global arsenal.

Since 1963 have worked to stop proliferation & reduce arsenals (most of the time!)

Disarmament Negotiation LTBT (1963):

• US & Russia ban nuclear tests in atmosphere, underH20, & space…CTBT (1996 - …) banned tests in all environments (↓ground)

NPT (1968) : Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

SALT I (1972):• ABM Treaty – Limit ABM systems, Pledge to not build ABM defense

systems (US withdrew to pursue NMD under GW Bush)• Interim Agreement – Froze # of strategic offensive weapons at

current levels

SALT II (1979):• Reduce strategic forces to 2,250 each ICBM/SLBM/ASBM• Limits # of warheads & weight per missile• Banned new strategic missile dvpt

Disarmament Negotiation INF TREATY (1987):

• Abolish all intermediate nuclear & conventional missiles (300-3400 m)…remove from E/W Euro

START I (1991):• Reduced # of strategic nuclear warheads from 10K per side

to 6K• ICBM’s to 1,600 per side/SLBM to 880 per side

START II (1993)• Reduce # of long-range missiles and nuclear warheads from

6K per side to 3,500K US/3K Rus.• Banned multiple warheads in strategic missiles• US reduce # of warheads on SLBM

Disarmament Negotiation SORT (2002)-

• US & Russia limit # of nuclear warheads 1700–2200 operationally deployed warheads each

• Provision aimed at preventing spread of WMD’s (material/tech) to terrorists.

New START (2010):• Reduce # of nuclear warheads to 1,500• Limit # of ICBM/SLBM missiles & launchers

and heavy bombershttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/26/AR2010032601943.html

New START (2010)

Values Line Directions Take a few minutes to evaluate your

opinion on nuclear weapons… (survey)

Strongly Agree – 2 steps forward Agree – 1 step forward Undecided – Stay on the line Oppose – 1 step back Strongly Oppose – 2 steps back

Obama & Arms Reduction Nuclear Posture Review (NPR)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QKSn1SXjj2s

• Prevent nuclear terrorism & proliferation and reduce the role of nuclear weapons in our national security strategy, while sustaining a safe, secure & effective nuclear deterrent.

• Reading Activity “Nuclear Weapons Goals & Obstacles”

Moving Toward Zero

http://www.hulu.com/watch/148962/movie-trailers-countdown-to-zero---trailer#continuous_play=on

Homework: Wiki Post What should our nuclear weapons policy

look like?• Should we keep nuclear weapons as an essential

part of our security strategy? Modernize weapons, stockpiles, and a NMD.

• Should we rely on the current system of arms control and lead the international effort to strengthen treaties and minimize existing arsenals?

• Should we move toward nuclear zero and eliminate all nuclear weapons and defense systems now?

Closure

Identify and describe the goals of three of the disarmament negotiations discussed today.