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Lesson 9.2: Challenges to the New Government. Today’s Essential Question: How did the Washington administration face its problems at home and with foreign countries?. Securing the Northwest Territory. The Trans-Appalachian West - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Lesson 9.2: Challenges to the New Government
Today’s Essential Question: How did the Washington administration face its problems
at home and with foreign countries?
Securing the Northwest Territory
• The Trans-Appalachian West
• Spain claimed the land west of theMississippi, Florida, and the port of New Orleans.
The Port of New Orleans• Key to trade for American
settlers in the West • Goods carried to market by
flatboat• The Spanish threatened to
close the port of New Orleans to Americans.
Securing the Northwest Territory
The Spanish stirred up trouble between the white settlers and Native American
groups in the Southeast.
Securing the Northwest Territory
• The British still held forts north of the Ohio River in order to maintain its access to the fur in these territories.
• Indian resistance to white settlement encouraged by Britain
Securing the Northwest Territory• In the Northwest,
American settlers met fierce resistance from Native Americans.
• 1790 – Chief Little Turtle wins two decisive victories against U.S. troops by uniting many tribes in a confederation to defeat the federal army.
The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)
Without Little Turtle’s leadership, the Indians were defeated by General Anthony Wayne’s troops.
The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)
The British refused to help the retreating Indians because they did not want war with
the United States, refused to help them.
The Treaty of Greenville
• Native Americans surrender most of Ohio and Indiana
• Treaty ended Indian hopes of keeping their land in Ohio
The Whiskey Rebellion
• Whiskey was used by farmers as money to trade for other goods.
• 1794 – farmers in western Pennsylvania rebelled
Washington sent an army to crush the Whiskey Rebellion.
Washington meant to show that the government had the power and the will to
enforce its laws.
The French Revolution• 1789 – French
Revolution (liberte, egalite, fraternite)
• Strong U.S. support until the struggle turned violent
• Louis XVI and thousands of citizens killed
The French Revolution• Britain, Spain, and Holland
declared war against France.• United States caught in the middle• France had been America’s ally
against the British• Britain had become America’s #1
trade partner
The French RevolutionHamilton – ‘British trade is
too important to risk in war.’
Jefferson – ‘Any move against the French Revolution is an
attack on liberty everywhere.’
Washington declared U.S
would remain neutral.
Remaining neutral proved difficult.
• 1792 – Britain began seizing the cargoes of American ships sailing to Europe.
• This angered many Americans and made it hard for the United States to remain neutral.
Jay’s Treaty
• John Jay sent to England to negotiate an end to the seizures of American ships
• Also to get them to give up their NW Territory forts
Jay’s Treaty• News of the Battle of Fallen Timbers helped
convince Britain to give up the forts by 1796.
• The British also agreed to pay damages for vessels they had seized.
Jay’s Treaty
Jay’s treaty was unpopular, because he did not convince the British to open trade with the
British West Indies to Americans.
Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain (1795)
• Americans could travel freely on the Mississippi River and to New Orleans.
• Spain accepted the 31st parallel as the boundary between Spanish Florida and United States.