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Lesson 6 Why do cliffs collapse?
Why do Cliffs Collapse?Why do Cliffs Collapse?
• Your objectives in this lesson:
• Investigate the causes and effects of cliffs collapsing.
• Explain that weathering, rain and wave erosion combine to cause cliffs to collapse.
• Describe what happened when a cliff top hotel fell into the sea.
• Explain why the cliff might have collapsed
Combine this information to write a newspaper article that describes and explains the event.
Mini white board investigationMini white board investigation
• Work in pairs…
• Watch the video clips and study the images.
• Follow the instructions.
• As a pair think up the answers to the questions or write down questions that you ask.
What is happening to the cliff in this video?
What is happening to the cliff in this video?
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/coastal-landforms-blowholes-and-cliff-slumping/3085.html
• 2 mins
• What type of rocks make up the cliff that collapsed?
• Are they hard or soft?
• What factors caused it to collapse?
What factors make coastal erosion worse?
What factors make coastal erosion worse?
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/coastal-erosion-at-holderness-east-yorkshire/3187.html
• 1 min
• What could make a cliff more likely to collapse?
Sometimes it is a spectacular event!Sometimes it is a spectacular event!
What happened?What happened?
• Read page 16 of geog 2 together.
You will use this later to write a newspaper report of the disaster.
Objective 1
Objective 2
Understand that weathering, rain and wave erosion combine
to cause cliffs to collapse.
Objective 2
Understand that weathering, rain and wave erosion combine
to cause cliffs to collapse.
Weathering
Rain
Wave Erosion
In your Exercise books …In your Exercise books …
• Start a new clear page.
• Title: Why do Cliffs Collapse
You are going to complete a webdiagarm on a worksheet to explain why cliff collapse
Cliff Collapse
Cliff Collapse
Weathering
Weathering attacks the _____ of the cliff
C______________ weathering: ______ soaks in and ____________ minerals
Freeze- thaw: In winter water __________ in the cracks making them _________.
Rain
Rain ________ into the cracks. It makes
______ cliffs very s_______.
The clay can just slide away.
Wave Erosion
Waves attack the _______ of the
cliff through H____________
Action, A___________,
S____________ and Attrition.
Freezes Rain Chemical Larger Dissolves Slippery Freeze-thaw Soaks Hydraulic Clay Abrasion Top Solution
WeatheringWeathering
• Attacks the top of the cliff in two ways• Chemical Weathering
• Freeze Thaw Weathering
Remember science…
Water trickles into cracks.In icy weather it freezes, forcing the cracks wider until the rock breaks up.
Remember Science?
Water reacts with Carbon dioxide in the air. The water becomes slightly acidic. (Carbonic acid). This dissolves the rock.
WeatheringWeathering• Attacks the top of cliff
• Chemical• Freeze Thaw
Now add an explanation to your web diagram of how weathering weakens the
cliff
Cliff Collapse
Weathering
Weathering attacks the _____ of the cliff
C______________ weathering: ______ soaks in and ____________ minerals
Freeze- thaw: In winter water __________ in the cracks making them _________.
Rain
Rain ________ into the cracks. It makes
______ cliffs very s_______.
The clay can just slide away.
Wave Erosion
Waves attack the _______ of the
cliff through H____________
Action, A___________,
S____________ and Attrition.
Freezes Rain Chemical Larger Dissolves Slippery Freeze-thaw Soaks Hydraulic Clay Abrasion Top Solution
Now complete this section of
your web diagram.
Objective 2Understand that weathering, rain and wave erosion combine to cause
cliffs to collapse.
Objective 2Understand that weathering, rain and wave erosion combine to cause
cliffs to collapse.
Weathering
Rain
Wave Erosion
RainRain
• Rain soaks into the cracks• The more water the cliff soaks up the weaker it
is.• The water makes soft Clay cliff very weak and
slippery.• The clay can just slide away!
Now add an explanation to your web diagram of how rain weakens the cliff
Cliff Collapse
Weathering
Weathering attacks the _____ of the cliff
C______________ weathering: ______ soaks in and ____________ minerals
Freeze- thaw: In winter water __________ in the cracks making them _________.
Rain
Rain ________ into the cracks. It makes
______ cliffs very s_______.
The clay can just slide away.
Wave Erosion
Waves attack the _______ of the
cliff through H____________
Action, A___________,
S____________ and Attrition.
Freezes Rain Chemical Larger Dissolves Slippery Freeze-thaw Soaks Hydraulic Clay Abrasion Top Solution
Now complete this section of
your web diagram.
Objective 2
Understand that weathering, rain and wave erosion combine to cause cliffs to collapse.
Objective 2
Understand that weathering, rain and wave erosion combine to cause cliffs to collapse.
Weathering
Rain
Wave Erosion
Wave ErosionWave Erosion
• Waves attack the cliff. They erode it by:• Hydraulic Action• Abrasion• Solution• Attrition
Now add an explanation to your web diagram of how Wave Erosion weakens
the cliff
Cliff Collapse
Weathering
Weathering attacks the _____ of the cliff
C______________ weathering: ______ soaks in and ____________ minerals
Freeze- thaw: In winter water __________ in the cracks making them _________.
Rain
Rain ________ into the cracks. It makes
______ cliffs very s_______.
The clay can just slide away.
Wave Erosion
Waves attack the _______ of the
cliff through H____________
Action, A___________,
S____________ and Attrition.
Freezes Rain Chemical Larger Dissolves Slippery Freeze-thaw Soaks Hydraulic Clay Abrasion Top Solution
Now complete this section of your web diagram.
Cliff Collapse
Weathering
Weathering attacks the top of the cliff.
Chemical weathering : rain soaks in and dissolves minerals
Freeze- thaw: In winter water freezes in the cracks making them larger
Rain
Rain soaks into the cracks. It makes clay cliffs very slippery. The clay can just
slide away.
Wave Erosion
Waves attack the base of the cliff through Hydraulic Action,
Abrasion, Solution and Attrition.
How did you get on?
What does this look like? What does this look like? 3 MAIN CAUSES OF CLIFF COLAPSE
• 1. RAINFALL – Water passing through the sandstone because it is impermeable but getting stuck at the clay level. Causes the rock to soften and become weak
3. Weathering – water gets into the cracks and freezes, expanding and breaking rock. Chemical weathering also erodes the cliff
• 2. Waves are hitting the bottom of the cliff causing weakness and the rocks to be eroded away the power of the sea
CLAY
SAND
You will now need to draw this from the boardYou will now need to draw this from the board
This is one from earlierThis is one from earlier
• You need this information in your book
TO help you for the next activityTO help you for the next activity
• Firstly you will need to read the newspaper information on Mrs Wrightson and her tea room and the problems that the sea was causing.
• To support this you will to watch a clip (click on pic) about the location and make some notes. You will need this for next lesson.
• In your exercise books you need to highlight the key points and make notes
In picturesIn pictures
• Coastal village living on the edge
• The difference 15 years can make
Final taskFinal task
• With the information from the video, Newspaper and textbook page 16, you will now need to answer in full sentences questions 1 to 4 from your turn page 17.
• Please hand books in at the end of the lesson.
Now we’ll combine what we’ve learned.What is happening at Happisburgh in
Norfolk?
Now we’ll combine what we’ve learned.What is happening at Happisburgh in
Norfolk?
• Read through as a class page 16 in the geog 2 book.
• Use what you have found out from Pages 16 and 17 to write a newspaper article to:
• DESCRIBE what happened.• EXPLAIN why it happened.
• Include evidence, facts and quotations
HEADLI NE- Get the reader’s attention!
Picture
Report by: Your name
DESCRI PTI ON : What Happened?
DESCRI PTI ON continued.
EXPLAI N why it happened. Why do cliff s collapse?
Set your work out like this…
Level 4 DESCRIBE:Who did the cliff collapse effect?Where did it happen?What happened?Who did it effect?When did it happen?
Level 5 EXPLAIN:What factors cause cliffs to collapse?Uses and explains freeze thaw and chemical weathering?Uses and explains the types of wave erosion- Hydraulic action? Abrasion? Solution? Attrition?How did rain effect the cliff?How did weathering effect the cliff?How did wave erosions effect the cliff?Why did the clay in the cliff make a collapse more likely?
Level 6 Does it include a conclusion to link all these ideas to show that it was likely that one day the cliff would collapse
Hemsby and Norfolk storm surge Decemeber 2013 Newspaper Article
Plenary: What are the three factors that combine to make cliffs collapse?Plenary: What are the three factors
that combine to make cliffs collapse?
• Weathering
• Rain
• Wave Erosion
Mini white board task
What attacks the top of cliff?What attacks the top of cliff?
• Weathering
Mini white board task
What type of weather occurs when acidic rain water dissolves the
rocks?
What type of weather occurs when acidic rain water dissolves the
rocks?
• Chemical Weathering
Mini white board task
When water freezes in cracks it expands making the cracks bigger and breaking up the rock. This is?
When water freezes in cracks it expands making the cracks bigger and breaking up the rock. This is?
• Freeze Thaw Weathering
Mini white board task
Rain makes clay cliffs?Rain makes clay cliffs?
• Slippery
Mini white board task
Wave erosion attacks which part of the cliff?
Wave erosion attacks which part of the cliff?
• The Base or bottom of the cliff
Mini white board task
Waves fling pebbles at the cliff wearing it away like sandpaper. This
is called?
Waves fling pebbles at the cliff wearing it away like sandpaper. This
is called?
• Abrasion
Mini white board task
The waves hammer at the cliffs. Water is forced into cracks compressing the air inside. This causes the rock to break.
We call this?
The waves hammer at the cliffs. Water is forced into cracks compressing the air inside. This causes the rock to break.
We call this?
• Hydraulic Action
Mini white board task
Sea water dissolves soluble material in rock. This is called?
Sea water dissolves soluble material in rock. This is called?
• Solution
Mini white board task
What factors make a cliff collapse more likely?
What factors make a cliff collapse more likely?
• Soft rock like clay.
• Heavy rain.
• Water logged clay.
• Powerful waves.
Mini white board task
Level 4 DESCRIBE:What was the Holbeck Hall?Where did it happen?What happened?Who did it effect?When did it happen?
Level 5 EXPLAIN:What factors cause cliffs to collapse?Uses and explains freeze thaw and chemical weathering?Uses and explains the types of wave erosion- Hydraulic action? Abrasion? Solution? Attrition?How did rain effect the cliff?How did weathering effect the cliff?How did wave erosions effect the cliff?Why did the clay in the cliff make a collapse more likely?
Level 6 Include a conclusion to link all these ideas to show that it was likely that one day the cliff would collapse.
Holbeck Hall Hotel Newspaper ArticleDoes your article include the following ideas? Succeed by making sure that all these ideas are discussed using the POINT Evidence Explain Explore language approach.
Level 4 DESCRIBE:What was the Holbeck Hall?Where did it happen?What happened?Who did it effect?When did it happen?
Level 5 EXPLAIN:What factors cause cliffs to collapse?Uses and explains freeze thaw and chemical weathering?Uses and explains the types of wave erosion- Hydraulic action? Abrasion? Solution? Attrition?How did rain effect the cliff?How did weathering effect the cliff?How did wave erosions effect the cliff?Why did the clay in the cliff make a collapse more likely?
Level 6 Include a conclusion to link all these ideas to show that it was likely that one day the cliff would collapse.
Holbeck Hall Hotel Newspaper ArticleDoes your article include the following ideas? Succeed by making sure that all these ideas are discussed using the POINT Evidence Explain Explore language approach.
Poziom 4 DESCRIBE:Co było Hall Holbeck?Gdzie to się stało?Co się stało?Kto to zrobił efekt?Kiedy to się stało?
Poziom 5 EXPLAIN:Jakie czynniki powodują skały do upadku?Wykorzystuje i wyjaśnia odwilży zamrażać i chemiczne wietrzenie?Wykorzystuje i wyjaśnia rodzaje fal działania erozji-hydrauliczne? Ścieranie? Rozwiązanie? Ścieranie?Jak deszcz efekt skały?Jak atmosferycznych efekt skały?Jak nadżerki fali efekt skały?Dlaczego gliny w klifie się załamania bardziej prawdopodobne?
Poziom 6 Dołącz wniosku, w celu połączenia wszystkich tych pomysłów, aby pokazać, że jest prawdopodobne, że pewnego dnia klifu upadnieUndo edits
Holbeck Hall Hotel Newspaper Article
Cliff Collapse
Weathering
Weathering attacks the _____ of the cliff
C______________ weathering: ______ soaks in and ____________ minerals
Freeze- thaw: In winter water __________ in the cracks making them _________.
Rain
Rain ________ into the cracks. It makes
______ cliffs very s_______.
The clay can just slide away.
Wave Erosion
Waves attack the _______ of the
cliff through H____________
Action, A___________,
S____________ and Attrition.
Freezes Rain Chemical Larger Dissolves Slippery Freeze-thaw Soaks Hydraulic Clay Abrasion Top Solution