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Introductio n  A lens is a transparent material which consists of at least one curved surface. Images formed by lenses due to the phenomenon of refraction of light. Rays of light travelling  through the optical centre pass through the lens in a straight line. Rays of light from objects at infinity ( distant  objects) are parallel rays. Types of lenses (i) Convex lens @ Converging lens @ Positive lens (ii) Concave lens @ Diverging lens @ Negative lens Common terminology of lenses Optical centre , P : A point which all rays traveling through this point pass through the lens in a straight line. Pr in cipal axi s  , AB : A straight line which passes through the optical centre ,P at a right angles to the plane of the lens. Principal focus, F : A point on the principal (Focal point) axis to which incident rays of light traveling parallel to the principal axis , converge after refraction through a convex lens. Or A point on the principal 33 LESSON 4 UNDERSTANDING

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