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Lesson 4

High School English I

Saving Bananas for Us All

Saving Bananas for Us All

(1)Can you imagine a world without bananas ?

(2)In such a world, / one good thing would be /

that you no longer would have to worry about

slipping on a banana peel.

(3)But without bananas, there wouldn’t be ba-

nana ice cream or banana bread.

(4)The banana is the fourth largest agricultural

product in the world, after wheat, rice, and

corn.

Lesson 4

1

어순 주의 (a + 형 + 명 )

= don’t have to = don’t need to

= need not

동명사

= if it were not for= were it not for = but for

Lesson 1

Without bananas, there wouldn’t be

~

가정법 과거

= If it were not for bananas,= Were it not for bananas, = But for bananas,

조건절 대용 어구

가정법 과거의 특징1. 현재 사실에 반대 (= 직설법 현재 + not )

2. be 동사의 경우 , ‘were’ 만 쓴다 .

If 주어 + 과거 동사 , 주어 + 조동사 과거 + 동사원형 )

가정법 과거의 형식

2

Lesson 5

(6) In the United States, people eat more ba-

nanas per year than apples and oranges com-

bined.

(7) Bananas and plantains, which are a type of

banana, also provide more than 25 percent of

the food energy requirements for 70 million peo-

ple in Africa.

(8) Given the banana’s popularity and impor-

tance, / it would be a global tragedy / if one of

the popular varieties were to suddenly disap-

pear.

합하여

일종의

Provide A for B = Provide B with

A

~ 이상 (+ 숫자 )

~ 을 고려해보면

가정법 과거

Lesson 5

(9) Unfortunately, this may soon become reality.

(10) A new disease is spreading around the

world, killing a type of banana called the

“Cavendish.”

(11) It’s possible that this disease could com-

pletely destroy this species of banana.

불행 하게도

= as it kills Which(that) is

~ 하는 것이 가능합니다 .

윗 문장 전체

현재진행시제

Lesson 5

(12) This is not the first time bananas have en-

countered a destructive disease.

(13) Fifty years ago, / the “Gros Michel” banana

plant was struck by a disease called “Panama

Disease,” a banana-killing fungus carried by soil

and water.

When( 관계부사 )

which (that) is

복 ) fungi

수동태 (~ 의 영향을 받다 .)

현재완료

which (that) is

Lesson 5

(14) The disease was so bad that it wiped out the

species.

(15) So, banana farms around the world /

switched to the Cavendish, which was not af-

fected by the disease.

(16) The switch proved satisfactory to farmers

and consumers alike.

The disease was bad enough to wipe out the species.

멸종시켰다 .

= and it

수동태

~ 로 바꾸다 .

=be-came

모두 / 똑같이

Lesson 1

(16) Cheap and delicious, / the Cavendish

also has a lot of vitamins and minerals as

well as a lot of fiber.

(17) The Cavendish banana is the one

most eaten around the world today.

Be-ing

= As it is

= many

= much

~ 뿐만 아니라

부정대명사

(that is)

(18) Unfortunately, this success story did

not last long.

(19) As early as the 1980s, a new, more

dangerous breed of the disease called

“TR4” (Tropical Race 4) first / appeared in

Taiwan, and went on to destroy 70 percent

of its Cavendish population.

Lesson 5

지속하다 .

수치 , 정도 : 일찌감치 1980년대에 .

유형 , 종

(that is)

계속하다 .

형태 알아두기

개체 수

Lesson 5

(20) Since then, / it has spread through South

Asia, Australia, and parts of Africa.

(21) And it is now found in major banana export-

ing nations in Central and South America, includ-

ing Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Colombia.

현재완료 : 퍼지다 .

현재 분사

~ 을 포함하여

(22) TR4 attacks the roots of the banana plant

and cannot be controlled by pesticide.

(23) Commercially cultivated bananas such as

the Cavendish / stand a greater risk of develop-

ing disease than other fruits, because they are

genetically identical.

Lesson 5

~ 와 같은

-> Become / be

비교급

동일한

(24) All the plants on a farm are created from one

parent plant. They are all perfect clones of one

another.

(25) Without the diversity that comes from natu-

ral reproduction, / bananas continue, generation

after generation, with the same genetic makeup.

서로 서로

다양성

대대로 생식 , 번식

유전적 구조

주격 관계대명사

(26) The benefit of genetic uniformity /is that ba-

nana production can be well organized, with each

banana developing in exactly the same way ev-

ery time.

(27) However, the banana’s inability to adapt and

create diverse forms / leaves it unable to fight

disease. What makes one banana tree suffer / will

make every other banana tree suffer.

유전적 통일성 이익 (merit) 보어절 (명사절 )

With + 목적어 + 분사 : 부대상황

= grow-ing

불능

형용사적 용법

단점 (de-merit)

S + leave + o + O.C ; 주어가 목적어를 목적보어한 상태로 남겨두다 , 두다 .

관계대명사

주 ~~~~~ 어

사역동사

(28) The most serious possibility of the new

Panama Disease / is that the Cavendish banana

will become extinct.

(29) Fifty years ago, when the Gros Michel was

under attack, scientists found a similar-tasting

banana that resisted the disease.

n. 가능성

a. 멸종된

공격을 받고 있는

~ 을 하고 있는 중인

비슷한 맛이 나는 주격관계대명사

보어절 / 명사절

(30) That does not seem to be an option this

time. Scientists have not been able to find a re-

placement.

(31) There are more than one thousand types of

bananas, but most of them have hard seeds.

(32) And the ones without seeds / don’t taste the

same as the Cavendish.

(How-ever)

n. 선택권

n. 대체물

~ 이상

(33) At this point, the goal of saving the banana is

pursued by two opposing visions of treatment.

(34) On one side is a group of bioengineers who

think that changing the plant’s genes is the only

likely option, because the Cavendish cannot be

improved upon by traditional methods of breed-

ing.

Key words : 이 글의 목적

치료에 관한 두 개의 상반된 시각

주격 관계 대명사도치 : 부사구 + 동사 + 긴 주어

번식시키다 .

개선되어질 수 없다 .

수동태

(35) Only genetic change could provide resistance

to the disease and maintain the taste that makes

the Cavendish commercially successful.

(36) Although there are some people who are

unwilling to try genetically modified food, the sci-

entists believe that public attitudes may change if

the desire to preserve the Cavendish is strong

enough.

V1

V2 주격관계대명사

어순주의

가정법 현재

기꺼이 ~ 하다 .

유전자 조작 식품

(37) On the other side are the majority of banana

growers who believe that a better option would

be to raise experimental breeds in the fields.

(38) Although traditional banana breeding takes a

long time, farmers think that resistance to geneti-

cally engineered foods / runs deep among the

world’s consumers.

주격 관계대명사

추측

시간이 걸리다

주 ~~~~~~~~~~ 어

동사 : 형태주의

(39)Honduras’s agricultural research foundation

(FHIA) has had the most successful conventional

banana breeding program to date.

(40) One of the first new breeds to come out of

the effort / was the “Goldfinger” banana.

(41) It is appropriate for cooking and eating, and

is now grown in Australia for mass consumption.

현재완료

전통적인 , 종래의

지금까지

One of the 복수명사 : ~ 중의 하나

형용사적 용법

~ 로 부터

동명사

대량의

(42) Unfortunately, its taste is inferior to that

of the sweeter Cavendish, and it may never

reach the same level of global popularity as

the Cavendish.

(43) FHIA is also currently testing a few other

kinds of banana for world markets.

~ 보다 열등한

Taste; 반복피하기

추측 ~( 범위 , 정도에 ) 도달하다 . 미치다 .

(44) In any case, efforts are being made to ensure

that bananas will be available for future genera-

tions to enjoy, without loss of flavor and health

benefits.

(45) It’s difficult to tell now which of the two

preservation methods will be successful, but it is

very important that at least one of them work.

어떤 경우라도 현재진행수동태 부사적 용법 (목적 )

보장하다 . 반드시 ~ 하게 하다 .

They are making efforts (to) en-sure~

~ 하는 것은 어렵다 .

적어도 should

효과가 있다 .이성적 판단을 나타내는 형용사가 있을 경우엔 (should) + 동사원형을 사용한다 .

Thank you!

High School