lesson 4 .pdf

7/29/2019 lesson 4 .pdf

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NON-VERBALBehaviours that speak in efficient and subtle ways.

COMMUNICATION

7/29/2019 lesson 4 .pdf


Objectives

Identify how do people communicate non-

verbally.

Understand types and characteristics of

non-verbal communication.

Introduce the channels of non-verbal

communication and mediated

communication Introducing listening skills to improve non-

verbal communication skills.

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Key concepts

Paralanguage

Kinesics

Proxemics

Semiotics

Deception

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What is non-verbal communication?

Non-verbal communication stimuli in a

communication setting that are generated by

both the source and the use of the

environment and that have potential messagevalue for the source or receiver. It is sending

and receiving messages in a variety of ways

without the use of verbal codes/words. It is

both intentional and unintentional.

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6 Characteristics of non-verbal comm

It is difficult to imagine life without non-verbal

communication, its critical for those lacking in

language ability (infants, hearing impaired, strokes, limit in their language)

6 important characteristics of non-verbal comm:Non-verbal comm is present in most communication context

Non-verbal comm often convey more information than verbal comm

Non-verbal comm is usually believed over verbal comm

Non-verbal comm is the primary means of expressing emotionNon-verbal comm is cultural & gender influenced

Non-verbal comm serves multiple functions

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Non-verbal comm is present in most

communication context

In many situations, you can watch people’s facial

expressions for signs of how they feel.

Voice also conveys data about a person’s state of mind.

Even the way people dress & smell, send info.

We are flooded with non-verbal signal in

many kinds of social situations.

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Non-verbal comm is present in most


In other communication contexts – telephone, sending

e-mail, instant messages – never met them – can

make judgments from certain qualities

Hearing impaired people pay extra attention to visual

cues because they’re unable to interpret vocal

characteristics

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Non-verbal comm often convey more

information than verbal comm

Non-verbal use many non-verbal channelsEx: facial expressions

Ex: vocal

Ex: sense of touch and smell

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Non-verbal comm is usually believed over

verbal comm

It’s common to get conflicting messages between what a

person says and does.

Most of the time, we believe the non-verbal clues

Experts think people believe in non-verbal comm more

because its harder to control non-verbal signals, it’s more

accurate to reflect a person’s behaviour

Human preference of believing non-verbal is critical todetect deception

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Non-verbal comm is the primary means of

expressing emotion

Emotion is powerful influence on behaviour – people pay

lots of attention to visual through non-verbal comm – facial

expressions, vocal behaviours

People pay attention to vocal cues to understand a person’s

emotional state

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Non-verbal comm is cultural & gender influenced

Keating et al. (1981)

Argyle (1988) some gestures are common across cultures

Knapp & Hall (1992) other gestures more culture dependent

In gender communication (1991), Arliss claims

Gender differences in eye contact

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Non-verbal comm serves multiple

functions

Beyond the role in emotional expression, non-verbal serves

additional functions that helps interact effectively:

Manage conversations

Maintain relationship

Helps form impressions

Helps influence others

Helps conceal

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Non-verbal communication

“The body communicates not only by means of

words but also via paralinguistic means, nonverbal

language (facial expressions, body

relaxation…etc), and gestures and movement

(kinaesthetics), as well as spatial position and posture (proxemics), the entity of the body itself

(height, weight…etc) clothing, information,

consumption, advertising and so on.”

We should talk about body-to-body communicationrather than face-to-face. (Fortunati 2004)

(Fortunati 2005)

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Types (channels) of non-verbal comm

•Tone of voice

•Projection

•Clarity

•Non-words

•Tempo•Gestures

•Facial expressions

•Posture

•Eye contact

•Spatial position

•Posture

•Body shape and size

•Clothing

•Other visual, olfactory, tactile signs

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LISTENINGListening so that others can listen.

EFFECTIVELY

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What is listening?

Listening is one of the most important concepts

in human communication.

Listening as active process

Not just hearing, about attending someone’s

words – paying attention to understand what is

trying to communicate in written & non-verbal

messages – influence interpretation of behaviours & meanings

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What is listening?

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Stages of effective listening

Judi Brownell – expert on listening – developed HURIER

model – 6 stages of effective listeningHearing

Understanding

Remembering

Interpreting

Evaluating

Responding

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Types of listening

Informational listening

Critical listening

Empathic listening

Inspirational listening

Appreciative listening

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Common barriers to effective listening

Noise

Pseudolistening and selective attention

Information overload

Glazing over

Rebuttal tendency

Closed-mindedness

Competitive interrupting

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Recap

Non-verbal Comm 6 characteristics:

• present in most


•Conveys more info than

verbal communication

•Is usually believed over verbal communication

•Primary means of

expressing emotion

•cultural & gender

influenced

•Serves multiple functions

Types/ channels of non-

verbal communication:

•Paralanguage•sounds that sometimes do

not have a written form

•Kinesics•communication that

occurs through body movements, positions, and

facial expressions

•Proxemics•communication that

occurs through spatial

behaviour – using personal

space•Semiotics

•unlimited signs people

interact

Listening effectively•Stages of effective hearing:

•H.U.R.I.E.R

•Hearing, understanding,

remembering, interpreting,

evaluating, responding

Types of listening:•Informational

•Critical

•Empathic•Inspirational•Appreciative

Common barriers to listening:

•Noise, pseudolistening & selective,information overload, glazing over,

rebuttal tendency,closed-mindedness,

competitive interrupting

Body-to-body comm

is important

Documents

lesson 4 .pdf