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Lesson 3-A Net Improvement: Configuring Network Services and Protocols

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Overview

Understand basic TCP/IP concepts.Configure TCP/IP.Set up DHCP.Set up DNS and WINS.

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Understand Basic TCP/IP Concepts

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): Is the most common protocol for handling

network communications on Microsoft networks. Is also the preferred protocol for the Internet.

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Understand Basic TCP/IP Concepts

Addressing: Computer networks require unique addresses

for each connected device. The TCP/IP protocol suite implements IP

addresses that provide a unique identity to devices on the network.

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Understand Basic TCP/IP Concepts

Unique IP addresses are necessary for communication

between network devices.

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Understand Basic TCP/IP Concepts

Addressing (continued): Subnet masks. Public IP addresses. Private IP addresses.

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Subnet Masks

A subnet mask indicates the part of an IP address that refers to the network and the part of an IP address that refers to devices (hosts) on the network.

Masking a smaller segment of the IP address allows few networks with more hosts.

Masking a larger segment of the IP address allows more networks with few hosts.

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Subnet Masks

Subnetting: Custom subnet masks can be used to subdivide

a single range of IP addresses into two or more smaller ranges.

Network administrators can decide to separate segments of the network to enhance security, ease management, and enhance performance.

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Public IP Addresses

The Internet service provider (ISP) provides Internet connectivity to organizations, and handles the actual assigning of IP addresses.

ISPs get their allocation of IP addresses from a Local (LIR), National (NIR), or Regional Internet Registry (RIR).

IP addresses for public networks are distributed using a system of three primary classes, known as classes A, B, and C.

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Public IP Addresses

Address Ranges for Class-Based IP Addresses

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Public IP Addresses

The Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is an addressing scheme for allocating IP addresses.

It uses variable-length subnet masks, which helps control the number of addresses assigned to any particular network.

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Private IP Addresses

The Internet Assigned Numbered Authority (IANA) reserves special ranges of IP addresses for use within private networks.

Such addresses are recognized as private addresses by networking hardware and software.

Such networks connect to other external networks through routers that support Network Address Translation (NAT).

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Configure TCP/IP

Dynamic and static IP addressing.Changing connection properties.

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Private IP Addresses

Acceptable Ranges for Private IP Addresses

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Dynamic and Static IP Addressing

Dynamic IP addressing: A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

server provides a dynamic IP address to each device as it connects to the network.

A dynamic IP address can often change, each time a connection to the network is established.

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Dynamic and Static IP Addressing

Static IP addressing: A static IP address does not change. Static addresses need to be set manually.

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Change Connection Properties

The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box

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Change Connection Properties

The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box

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Change Connection Properties

The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties

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Change Connection Properties

Specifying an IP Address

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Change Connection Properties

Specifying an IP Address

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Set Up DHCP

DHCP benefits.Configuring DHCP.

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DHCP Benefits

DHCP offers the following benefits: Windows accepts an incorrect TCP/IP address

or a subnet mask entry, as long as the typed format resembles an actual address or a subnet mask.

DHCP ensures that each address is unique.

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Configuring DHCP

At least one server on the network must be configured as a DHCP server.

DHCP sever is not installed with Windows Server 2003.

DHCP manages IP addresses by issuing a lease to client computers for a particular address. The address is taken from a pool of addresses called the scope.

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Configuring DHCP The scope >> a range of IP addresses that

are valid for the network to which the DHCP server is connected.

The lease issued to clients is valid for a limited time for a particular IP address.

Prior to the expiration date, the client can request for a renewal.

If the lease expires, clients have to request for a new IP address from the DHCP server.

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Configuring DHCP

The New Scope Wizard offers the following settings to add a new DHCP scope:

Name and description. IP Address range and subnet mask. Excluded IP addresses. Lease duration. Default gateway. Domain Name System (DNS) and Windows Internet

Name Service (WINS) settings.

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Configuring DHCP

Adding a Scope

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Configuring DHCP

Specifying an IP Address Range

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Configuring DHCP

Adding Exclusions

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Configuring DHCP

Configuring DHCP Options

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Configuring DHCP

Contents of the Scope

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Set Up DNS and WINS

DNS and WINS can translate Internet domain names to IP addresses.

This translation process is called name resolution.

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Set Up DNS and WINS

Difference between DNS and WINS.Configuring DNS.Client configuration.

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Set Up DNS and WINS

The Windows Components Wizard

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Set Up DNS and WINS

Networking Services

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Set Up DNS and WINS

Completing the Windows Component Wizard

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Difference between DNS and WINS DNS:

DNS should be installed on most Windows Server 2003 networks.

DNS resolves the IP host name to the IP address. However, operating systems such as Windows

NT and Windows 98 communicate over networks using NetBIOS names.

Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS) names need the services of WINS to be resolved into IP addresses.

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Configure DNS

Lookup zonesZone name

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Lookup Zones

A forward lookup zone sends name resolution requests for names outside a domain to an external DNS server.

The internal DNS server handles all requests for internal name resolution.

The DNS server processes each name resolution request and determines whether or not it can resolve the name.

If the DNS server cannot resolve the name, it queries known external DNS servers.

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Zone Name

A zone name: Identifies the domain or portion of a domain for

which a DNS server is responsible. Is used by the DNS server to determine which

name requests are internal and which are not.

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Client Configuration

Clients connected to the network must be properly configured to work with DHCP.

On Windows XP and Windows 2000, the TCP/IP settings can be configured to obtain the IP address and the DNS server address automatically.

On older operating systems, the WINS server needs to be configured to use DHCP for WINS resolution.

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Client Configuration

Configuring a DNS Server

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Client Configuration

Selecting a Configuration Action

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Client Configuration

Selecting a Primary Server Location

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Client Configuration

Specifying a Zone Name

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Client Configuration

Setting Dynamic Updates

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Client Configuration

Forwarders

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Client Configuration

The DNS Tab in the Advanced TCP/IP Settings

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Client Configuration

Configuring Scope Options

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Summary

The TCP/IP protocol suite is the preferred protocol for networks and the Internet.

It distinguishes each device on a network by implementing IP addresses.

TCP/IP can be configured statically or dynamically.

DHCP servers can reuse IP addresses that are not currently in use.

DNS and WINS can resolve Internet domain names to IP addresses.